Unit 1 Nature in the balance（教师用书word）-【金版新学案】2025年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（译林版2020）

重点词汇 (一)阅读常见词——记牢 1．ecosystem　　　　 n．生态系统(助记：eco­＋system) 2．biodiversity n．生物多样性(助记：bio­＋diversity) 3．mammal n．哺乳动物 4．microorganism n．微生物(助记：micro­＋organism) 5．brochure n．小册子 (二)多义辨析词——认清 track vt.& vi.跟踪，追踪 n.足迹，踪迹；小道；轨道；跑道；路线 (三)核心必背词——用活 1．beneath the surface of the ocean 　　　　　 在海洋表面下面 2．have an impact on the residents in the region 对这个地区的居民有影响 3．do/cause damage to his reputation 损害他的名誉 4．win a gold medal for his branch 为他的部门赢得一枚金牌 5．protest against the policy 抗议这项政策 6．in the process of protecting wildlife 在保护野生动植物的过程中 7．an effective learning strategy 一个有效的学习策略 8．recycle newspaper 回收报纸 9．the former...the latter... 前者……后者…… 拓展词汇 1．harm n．& vt.伤害，损害→harmful adj.有害的；造成损害的→harmless adj.无害的；无恶意的 2．region n．地区，区域；行政区→regional adj.地区的 3．long adj.长的→length n．长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长→lengthen vi.& vt.(使)变长 4．vary vi.变化；改变→variety n．不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体→various adj.各种各样的；各种不同的 5．survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难→survival n．生存，幸存；残存物，幸存事物→survivor n．幸存者 6．nutrient n．营养素，营养物→nutrition n．营养→nutritious adj.有营养的 7．appear vi.出现→disappear vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→disappearance n．消失 8．agriculture n．农业，农学→agricultural adj.农业的 9．extinct adj.绝种的，绝迹的→extinction n．灭绝，绝种 10．apply vt.& vi.应用；申请；涂；有关→application n．应用，运用；申请→applicant n．申请人→applicable adj.适用的 11.organize vt.组织→organization n．组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理→organizer n．组织者 12．absolute adj.绝对的，完全的→absolutely adv.绝对地，完全地；极其 13．entire adj.完全的→entirely adv.完全地，全部地，完整地 14．defend vi.& vt.防御；保护；保卫→defence n．辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守→defensive adj.防御性的；自我保护的 15．economy n．经济→economic adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的→economical adj.经济的，实惠的；节俭的→economically adv.在经济上；经济地；节俭地 16．poison vt.污染；毒死，毒害 n．毒物，毒药→poisonous adj.有毒的 17．chemistry n．化学→chemist n．化学家 →chemical n．化学制品 adj.化学的；化学作用的 18．consequent adj.随之而来的→consequence n．结果，后果；重要性→consequently adv.结果 重点短语 1．in turn　　　　相应地，转而；轮流，依次(对比：by turns交替；轮流) 2．break down 使分解(为)，使变化(成)；出故障；垮掉；消除；失败 3．due to 由于，因为(同义：owing to；thanks to；as a result/consequence of) 4．build up 逐渐增加，扩大 5．come up with 想出，想到(对比：come up 破土而出；升起；发生；被提及； 被讨论) 6．call for (公开)要求；需要(联想：call on 请求，要求；拜访) 7．spring to mind 突然记起(或想到) 8．get rid of 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉 9．give rise to 使发生(或存在)；引起(同义：bring about；lead to) 10．play a role in...在……中起重要作用；扮演重要角色(同义：play a part in...) 11．in length 在长度上 12．a variety of 各种各样的(同义：varieties of; all sorts of) 13．be made up of 由……组成(同义：consist of；be comprised of；be composed of) 14．sign up 报名(点拨：后常接for) 15．in defence of 保护；为……做解释或辩护 单元佳句 1.With an area of around 6 million square kilometres，the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.(倍数表达法) 2．The Amazon River，from which the rainforest gets its name，is close to 6，400 kilometres in length...(“介词＋which” 引导定语从句) 3．Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.(完全倒装) 4．While a significant number of jaguars survive here，they are only one element of this forest's food chain.(while 引导让步状语从句) 5．Some call for the application of modern technology，and others a change of lifestyle.(省略) 6．As the human population continues to grow，so does the effect we have on animals.(so＋助动词＋主语) 7.We've been taking various measures，including the use of new technologies，to reduce pollution in the production process，even though these measures raise our production costs.(even though引导让步状语从句) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．亚马孙雨林的面积约为600万平方千米，比中国国土面积的一半还要大。 2．亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长接近6 400千米…… 3．在那上面是阴暗森林地表厚实的落叶层。 4．尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存，但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一环。 5．一些人呼吁应用现代技术，另一些人呼吁改变生活方式。 6．随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。 7．我们一直在采取各种各样的措施，包括新科技手段的运用，来减少生产过程中产生的污染，尽管这些措施会增加我们的生产成本。 词汇语境串记 　　Tom joined an environmental protection organization as a volunteer.Soon he was sent to work.After arriving at the South American continent，he started to study a variety of wildlife in some regions．He learned that there used to be masses of species there，but later many disappeared． Two factors led to the result.One was bad climate．The other was human beings.It was human activities that damaged the habitats of some animals.Besides，some farmers poisoned many animals while using chemicals．Some even tracked and killed animals to make a profit．In defence of the animals close to extinction，Tom determined to do something to prevent them from harming the animals.He gave out some brochures among the residents．Slowly，they realized what they did was wrong and had a bad impact on animals.In turn，they themselves also suffered a lot.To help local people get rid of poverty and this situation，he came up with some strategies．As a consequence，he earned all the residents' respect. [遮住左栏，忆加黑词汇] 汤姆作为一名志愿者加入了一个环境保护组织。不久，他就被派去工作了。到达南美洲大陆后，他开始研究一些地区的各种野生动植物。他了解到那里曾经有大量的物种，但后来许多都消失了。 有两个因素导致了这个结果。一个是恶劣的气候。另一个是人类。是人类的活动破坏了一些动物的栖息地。此外，一些农民在使用化学制品时毒死了许多动物。有些人甚至通过追踪和杀死动物来赚钱。为了保护这些濒临灭绝的动物，汤姆决定做点什么来防止他们伤害这些动物。他向居民们分发了一些小册子。慢慢地，他们意识到自己所做的是错的，对动物产生了不良影响。反过来，他们自己也遭受了很多痛苦。为了帮助当地人摆脱贫困和当前这种状况，他想出了一些策略。因此，他赢得了所有居民的尊重。 Ⅰ.默写单词(每空1分，满分20分) 1．species 　　　 n．(pl.species)种，物种 2．mass n．大量；团，块，堆；一大群 adj.大批的，广泛的 3．impact n．影响，作用；撞击，冲撞 vi.& vt.有影响；冲击 4．damage vt.& n．损害，伤害，损坏，破坏 5．climate n．气候；倾向，风气 6．drought n．旱灾，久旱 7．belt n．地带，地区；腰带；传送带 8．image n．形象；图像；意象 9．track vt.& vi.跟踪，追踪 n．足迹，踪迹；小道；轨道；跑道；路线 10．habitat n．生活环境，栖息地 11．committee n．委员会 12．protest vi.反对，抗议 vt.反对；坚持声称，申辩 n．抗议，反对 13．profit n．利润，收益；好处 vi.& vt.获益，得到好处 14．process n．过程，进程；步骤，流程 vt.加工，处理 15．policy n．政策，方针；原则 16．branch n．(政府或机构)部门；分部；树枝；支流；分支 17．strategy n．策略，行动计划；策划，部署 18．recycle vt.回收利用，再利用 19．former adj.昔日的，前任的；以前的，从前的 20．poverty n．贫穷，贫困；贫乏 Ⅱ.默写短语(每空2.5分，满分25分) 1．in turn　　　　　　 相应地，转而；轮流，依次 2．due to 由于，因为 3．build up 逐渐增加，扩大 4．come up with 想出，想到 5．call for (公开)要求；需要 6．get rid of 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉 7．play a role in... 在……中起重要作用；扮演重要角色 8．a variety of 各种各样的 9．be made up of 由……组成 10．sign up 报名 Ⅲ.词形变化填空(每空2分，满分40分) 1．This street is three times the length (long) of that one. 2．Nowadays the village looks entirely (entire) different from the previous one. 3．The problem of global (globe) warming should be paid special attention to. 4．All the applicants should hand in their applications before May 6th.(apply) 5．From the appearance (appear), it is really hard to tell the difference between the twins. 6．The organizer was told to hold a meeting for a voluntary organization．(organize) 7．Factories produce large amounts of chemicals that are poisonous (poison) to human beings. 8．As is known to all, it is the light and heat the sun gives off that make our planet lively and this is very important for living things on the globe.(live) 9．Research shows birth rate is highest in poorly educated rural areas and that education is one of the most effective means to emerge from poverty．(poor) 10．Mastering some basic skills will greatly increase chances of survival．Maybe this is why she was the only survivor of the accident.(survive) 11．There are various goods in the new supermarket, varying from fruits to tablets.The variety of them attracts many customers.(vary) 12．Playing computer games will not only do harm to your physical health, but it is also harmful to your mental health.(harm) Ⅳ.句式仿写(每题5分，满分15分) 1．句型公式：while引导让步状语从句 尽管我们的行为并不那么重要，但它们对保护我们的地球也会产生影响。 While our actions are not that important, they can also make a difference to protecting our earth. 2．句型公式：倍数关系表达法 我们学校最近修建了一个新图书馆，比原来的大三倍。 Our school has built a new library recently，which is three times larger than the previous one． 3．句型公式：even though引导让步状语从句 即使你不会成功，他们也会支持你的。 They will stand by you even if/ though you don't succeed． 1．harm n．& vt.伤害；损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的；不致伤害的 ·harm one's health/image/reputation 损害某人的健康/形象/名誉 ·do/cause harm to sb＝do/cause sb harm 对某人造成损害/伤害 There is no harm (in) doing sth 做某事没有害处。 ·be harmful to... 对……有害 【多维训练】　单句填空/写作迁移 (1)There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful (harm) gases，such as carbon dioxide.(2023·全国乙卷) (2)沉迷于网络游戏对我们的身心健康有害。因此，戒掉它没有害处。(2021·全国乙卷) Being addicted to online games is harmful to/ does harm to our physical and mental health.Therefore，there is no harm (in) getting rid of it． 2．variety n．不同种类；变化；多样性；变种，变体→vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变→various adj.各种不同的，各种各样的 ·a variety of＝varieties of 各种各样的 ·vary from...to... 在……到……之间变化；从……到……不等 【多维训练】　单句填空/写作迁移 (1)Yellowstone National Park offers a variety (vary) of ranger programs throughout the park，and throughout the year.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷) (2)在艺术文化汇演中，有各种各样的表演，从唱歌、跳舞到背诗不等。 ①In the course of the Art and Culture Show，there are various performances，which vary from singing，dancing to reciting poems．(定语从句) ②In the course of the Art and Culture Show，there are various performances varying from singing，dancing to reciting poems．(分词短语作定语) 3．survive vi.& vt.生存；存活；幸存；幸免于难；挺过(难关)；活下来；生还；比……活得长→survivor n．幸存者→survival n．生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物 survive sth 幸免于；从……中活下来 survive on 靠……存活下来 A survive B(by＋时间) A比B多活…… 【多维训练】　单句填空/写作迁移 (1)The traveler trapped in the lonely island survived on the fish caught in the sea. (2)生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。(主旨升华) Life isn't about how to survive the storm while it's about learning to dance in the rain. 【名师点拨】 　survive本身已表示“幸存；幸免于”，因而不要在其宾语前加多余的in或from。 4．application n．应用，运用；申请→apply vt.应用；申请；运用；涂；有关→applicant n．申请人 apply (to sb) for sth (向某人)申请某物 apply...to... 把……应用于…… apply oneself to 致力于/集中精力于……(to为介词) 【多维训练】　写作迁移 我写信向您申请你们昨天登广告的那个职位。如果我能得到这个职位，我将集中精力于这项工作。如果您能考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。(申请信) I ①am writing to apply to you for the post that you advertised yesterday.If I am accepted，I ②will apply myself to the job．I would appreciate it ③if you could take my application into consideration． 5．defence n．辩护；防御；保护；防御物；国防；防守→defend vt.防御；保护，保卫；辩白；辩护→defensive adj.防御性的；自我保护的 ·in defence of 保护……；保卫……；为……作解释或辩护 ·defend sb/sth from/against sb/(doing) sth 保护某人(物)免受某人(物)的伤害 【多维训练】　写作迁移 (1)人们倡议地方政府建立更多的自然保护区来保护濒临灭绝的动物。(生态保护) It's advocated that local government set up more natural reserves in defence of animals close to extinction． (2)我和妻子用胡椒喷雾保护自己不受北极熊的攻击。(2020·浙江7月卷) My wife and I use pepper spray to defend ourselves from/ against being attacked by the polar bear. 6．consequence n．结果；后果→consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的→consequently adv.因此；所以 as a consequence＝in consequence＝as a result＝consequently 因此；结果 as a consequence of＝in consequence of＝as a result of 因为；由于 【多维训练】　写作迁移 (1)在老师的不断鼓励下，她努力学习，取得了很大的进步。 As a consequence/ result of her teacher's frequent encouragement，she worked hard and made great progress. (2)由于缺少政府的支持，这项计划很快就失败了。 The plan lacked support from the government.As a consequence/ In consequence/ As a result/ Consequently，it broke down soon. 7．in turn 相应地；转而；依次；轮流；反过来 in one's turn 轮到某人 by turns 轮流；交替地 take turns to do sth 轮流做某事 It is one's turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事 It turns/turned out that... 结果…… 【多维训练】　写作迁移 (1)当轮到我领奖时，我带着一丝自信走上了领奖台。(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷) When it was my turn to receive the award, I walked to the podium with a touch of confidence. (2)一些学生代表在典礼上轮流发言。终于轮到我发言了。(发言稿，2020·天津5月卷) Some student representatives took turns to deliver speeches at the ceremony.Finally, it was my turn to speak． (3)结果爆米花很快售光，孩子们的努力获得了回报。(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷) It turned out that the children's efforts paid off when the popcorn was sold out quickly. 8．come up with 想出，想到；拿出；提出 come across (偶然)遇见，碰见；被理解 come about 发生(无被动形式) come on 加油；到来；得了吧 come out 出版；结果是；(花)开放 come up 破土而出；升起；发生；被提及；被讨论 when it comes to... 当谈及…… 【多维训练】　写作迁移 说到英语学习，我有以下实用的建议要分享。首先，当你遇到不熟悉的单词时，不要总是去查字典。此外，当在课堂上讨论老师问题的时候，你应该试着想出答案。最后，如果你没有回答上来，你必须对自己说：“加油！”(建议信) ①When it comes to English learning，I have the following practical suggestions to share.Firstly，when you ②come across unfamiliar words，don't always refer to the dictionary.Furthermore，when teachers' questions ③come up in class，you should try to ④come up with answers.Lastly，if you fail，you must say to yourself, “⑤Come on！” 9．“倍数关系”表达方式 ·倍数＋as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as... ·倍数＋形容词/副词的比较级＋than... ·倍数＋the＋名词(size/length/height/depth/width...)＋of... ·倍数＋what从句 (教材原句)With an area of around 6 million square kilometres，the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China. 亚马孙雨林面积约600万平方千米，相当于中国面积的一半以上。 【多维训练】　写作迁移 我的农场已经扩展成了一个大农场，是原来的3倍大。 ①My farm has expanded into a big one，which is three times as big as the previous one．(倍数＋as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as...) ②My farm has expanded into a big one，which is three times bigger than the previous one．(倍数＋形容词/副词的比较级＋than...) ③My farm has expanded into a big one，which is three times the size of the previous one．(倍数＋the＋名词＋of) 10．while 引导让步状语从句 while的用法： ·while意为“虽然；尽管”，引导让步状语从句(从句常置于句首)，表示转折。 ·while意为“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句。 ·while意为“然而；可是”，用作并列连词，表示前后分句的对比。 ·while用作名词，常与a连用，意为“一会儿，一段时间”。 (教材原句)While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest's food chain. 尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存，但它们只是这个雨林食物链中的一个要素。 【多维训练】　写作迁移 (1)参观这个展览的时候，我们不仅能欣赏到民间艺术品，而且还可以了解它们的制作过程。 While visiting this exhibition，we will not only enjoy the folk art works but also learn the process of making them.(省略句) (2)尽管我们不能预测未来会发生什么，但我们可以用决心和爱来指引我们。(主旨升华) While we can't predict what will happen in the future，we can guide ourselves with determination and love. (3)我们中的一些人负责摘苹果，而另一些人将它们打包。(2020·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达) Some of us were responsible for picking apples，while the others packed them． 1.These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are common, causing serious harm to life and the environment.(倡议书) 2．It covers a wide variety of cultural activities, ranging from studying Chinese daily expressions to attending some lectures on Chinese history. 3．I am confident that I am qualified for the job，so please accept my sincere application.(申请信) 4．Seeing the fierce wolf, he rushed to defend his son like an arrow. 5．As a consequence/In consequence/Consequently，people are more and more aware of the importance of ocean conservation.(2022·全国甲卷) 6．For one thing，not only does it help to build up our health，but it also helps us learn more effectively in turn.(建议信) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．如今，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见，对生活和环境造成了严重的危害。 2．它涵盖了各种各样的文化活动，从学习中文的日常表达方式到参加一些关于中国历史的讲座。 3．我相信我有资格胜任这份工作，所以请接受我真诚的申请。 4．看到那匹凶猛的狼后，他像箭一样快速冲向他儿子去保护他。 5．因此，人们越来越意识到保护海洋的重要性了。 6．一方面，它不仅有助于强身健体，而且反过来帮助我们提高学习效率。 题组一　单句语法填空 1．Mr.Smith survived all her three sisters by eleven years. 2．Most of the members present protested against heavy industry. 3．The soldiers tried their best to rescue the survivors (survive) in the flood. 4．Wear a pedometer and keep track of your steps, which is also a good choice. 5．Research shows that many household products are potentially harmful (harm)． 6．We were stopped attending (attend) Professor Li's lecture by the heavy rain. 7．Unlike most pianists, Xiong relied entirely (entire) on the sound of the music to guide her. 8．The book's impact on/upon military strategies is the same as Art of War by Sun Zi. 9．In fact, it is human activities that have brought many animals close to extinction. 10．Local education authorities should not organize regional (region) exams, and schools should not organize weekly or monthly tests. 题组二　多义词汇辨析 1．选出句中track的词性及含义 A．vt.跟踪；追踪　B．n.小道　C．n.跑道　D．n.足迹；踪迹 ①Being an athlete is very fun，painful and exciting.Every time I come to the track，I feel like I'm out of this place.(2022·全国乙卷)__C__ ②Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid­1980s.(全国卷Ⅰ)__A__ ③The only means of access to the building is along a muddy track.__B__ ④We saw wild animals' tracks near the cave.We guessed they may be deer's.__D__ 2．选出句中break down的汉语意思 ①Getting young people together will help to break down the barriers between them.__B__ ②Let's break down the project into smaller parts in order to deal with them one by one.__D__ ③Really，the truck my dad drove often broke down on the way，which made my dad in trouble.__C__ ④You will break down if you take on more work than you can.__E__ ⑤Peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached.__A__ 3．写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思 ①Brazil began importing soybeans(大豆) to process at home.v.加工 ②Representatives of the other branches were against the new strategy.n.(政府或机构)部门 (一)应用文写作 [投稿——保护海洋] 你校将以6月8日世界海洋日为主题，举办英语征文比赛，请你写一篇短文投稿。内容包括： 1．海洋的现状； 2．保护海洋的倡议。 注意：词数80左右。 1．利用本单元所学知识翻译句子 ①6月8日是世界海洋日，旨在保护海洋生态系统。(非限制性定语从句) World Oceans Day，which falls on June 8，is designed to protect marine ecosystem. ②众所周知，众多的人类活动对海洋造成了巨大的危害。(it作形式主语) It is well­known that a great many human activities have done great harm to the ocean. ③由于过度捕捞和有毒废水排放的增加，海洋生态系统变得越来越严峻。 Due to overfishing and increasing emission of poisonous waste water，the ecosystem of ocean is becoming more and more serious. ④所有这些反过来又会损害我们人类，如：越来越多的自然灾害和罕见的疾病。 All of these in turn will damage us human beings，such as more and more natural disasters and rare diseases. ⑤是时候采取各种方法来保护海洋免受污染了。 It's high time that we took/ should take various methods to defend the ocean against pollution. ⑥请牢记重建我们绿色、清洁的地球需要每个人的努力和贡献。 Keep in mind that rebuilding our green and clean earth calls for everyone's efforts and contributions. 2．使用恰当的过渡衔接词汇连句成篇 World Oceans Day，which falls on June 8，is designed to protect marine ecosystem. It is well­known that a great many human activities have done great harm to the ocean.For example，due to overfishing and increasing emission of poisonous waste water，the ecosystem of ocean is becoming more and more serious.All of these in turn will damage us human beings，such as more and more natural disasters and rare diseases.All in all，it's high time that we took/should take various methods to defend the ocean against pollution. Keep in mind that rebuilding our green and clean earth calls for everyone's efforts and contributions. (二)读后续写 [精彩句式9——强调句] 强调句型的使用是为了突出强调句子的某一部分，它是一种比较容易掌握的高级表达方式。 句型公式：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他。 佳句 背诵 1.It wasn't until that moment that I realized I was so desperate for the prize to prove myself.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷) 直到那一刻，我才意识到我非常渴望用这个奖项来证明自己。 2．It was his willpower that enabled him to make such a running miracle.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) 是他的意志力使他创造了这样一个跑步奇迹。 佳句 仿写 1.是我可爱的老师的鼓励和欣赏改变了我的生活！(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷) It was the encouragement and appreciation from my lovely teacher that changed my life! 2．正是他坚定的决心和毅力使他完成了比赛。(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) It was his strong determination and perseverance that made him finish the race. 3．就在那时，我意识到，尽管他生病了，但没有人会嘲笑如此美丽的灵魂。 It was then that I realized that despite his disease, no one laughed at such a beautiful soul. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·昆明高三教学质量检测)An Arizona aquarium is celebrating the hatching of three endangered African penguin chicks, saying the tiny additions are genetically valuable as zoos and aquariums around the world work to ensure the species' survival through breeding (培育) programs and conservation efforts. Officials at OdySea Aquarium made the announcement on Friday, posting the video of the cute birds on social media.They hatched a few weeks ago and will remain behind the scenes with their parents until they're ready for a public appearance. African penguins have suffered a massive population decline over the decades and are listed as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.So any successful hatching is cause for celebration, said Jessica Peranteau, director of animal training and education at the aquarium. “As the population of the African penguin continues to rapidly decline—down 23% in the past two years alone—OdySea Aquarium remains committed to the survival of the species in partnership with Association of Zoos and Aquariums，”Peranteau said in a statement.The breeding program established by the organization aims to build up a gene bank for the species. Officials say two of the three new chicks in Scottsdale were born to parents Mojo and Lemieux—a power couple of sorts that was selected for pairing as part of the breeding program.The third chick was born to first­time parents Bubbles and Weasley. Aquarium workers will regularly conduct “chick checks”，brief exams to monitor their growth and development and ensure they are hitting all necessary milestones.The three chicks have yet to be named, and their sex hasn't yet been determined.For now they're known by their numbers，42，43 and 44.In all, OdySea Aquarium now has 40 African penguins and has recorded 13 successful hatching. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章通过OdySea 水族馆庆祝成功孵化三只濒危的非洲企鹅引出话题，讲述非洲企鹅数量锐减，OdySea 水族馆与Association of Zoos and Aquariums 为该物种的生存而努力。 1．How did OdySea Aquarium announce the birth of the chicks? A．By advertising its breeding program. B．By uploading a video of them online. C．By holding a contest to name them. D．By offering a free visit to the zoo. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Officials at OdySea Aquarium made the announcement on Friday, posting the video of the cute birds on social media” 可知，水族馆的工作人员将孵化出的可爱的企鹅幼鸟的视频发布到网上，宣布三只企鹅幼鸟的诞生。故B项正确。 2．What is special about OdySea Aquarium? A．It works on its own to protect penguins. B．It aims to create new habitats for penguins. C．It has hatched 40 African penguins so far. D．It focuses on the survival of the penguins. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“‘As the population of the African penguin...in partnership with Association of Zoos and Aquariums，’ Peranteau said in a statement” 可知，OdySea 水族馆与Association of Zoos and Aquariums 为非洲企鹅的生存做出努力，所以该水族馆关注非洲企鹅的生存。故D项正确。 3．What can we learn about the three penguin chicks? A．They were born to the same parents. B．They were raised by a power couple. C．Their gender has been identified. D．Their growth is monitored closely. 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据尾段中的“Aquarium workers will regularly conduct ‘chick checks’，brief exams to monitor their growth and development and ensure they are hitting all necessary milestones”可知，水族馆工作人员定期对这三只企鹅幼鸟进行检查，通过简单的检查来监测它们的成长和发育。由此可推断，这三只幼鸟在密切监测下成长。故D项正确。 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Endangered penguin chicks hatch at OdySea Aquarium. B．Penguin chicks make their first appearance in public. C．African penguins suffer a sharp decline in populations. D．Newly­born penguins are taken good care of in zoos. 解析：选A。主旨大意题。根据首段的内容可知，本文通过OdySea 水族馆庆祝成功孵化三只濒危的非洲企鹅引出话题，围绕非洲企鹅的数量锐减、OdySea 水族馆与Association of Zoos and Aquariums 为该物种的生存所做出的一系列努力开展讲述。由此可知，A项“濒危的企鹅幼鸟在OdySea 水族馆孵化”最能概括本文的主旨。 B (2024·日照高三联合考试)Every year from May to July, tens of thousands of Tibetan antelopes from regions in Qinghai, the Tibet autonomous region, and the Xinjiang autonomous region make their way to the Hoh Xil Nature Reserve in Qinghai to give birth.The mothers and newborn Tibetan antelopes make the return trip around August. This journey is rather tough.More than 90 percent of the female animals give birth every year, but only about 30 percent of the newborns survive.Many of them die on the return journey, unable to withstand the predators (捕食性动物) and diseases.The government has adopted some high­tech methods to assist in the safe return of newborn antelopes and protect the species. In 2013, with the help of the Beidou Navigation Satellite System, researchers discovered and confirmed the largest Tibetan antelope “birth room” on the Qinghai­Tibet Plateau, and they mapped the migration routes of Tibetan antelopes.Since late 2018, a solar­powered drone has been used to monitor the migration herds.“The solar­powered drone has a long flying time with high­resolution cameras, which gives us a new understanding of many specific routes during the migration of Tibetan antelopes，” said Wu Xiaomin, an expert from the Shaanxi Institute of Zoology.“For example, the nomads (游牧民) put fences on the grassland to protect the grass, but sometimes these hinder the normal activity of the Tibetan antelopes.” To clear the way for the Tibetan antelopes, the government of Tibet has taken action in recent years to give more protected space to wildlife.They relocate nomads from places at altitudes above 4，800 meters to other places in the region. Known as “plateau elves”， Tibetan antelopes have adapted to the unique and severe natural conditions of the Qinghai­Tibet Plateau.According to Wu, the Tibetan antelope is recognized as an important indicator species of the natural ecosystem. The population of Tibetan antelopes has grown.“With a recorded low population of fewer than 20，000 in Qinghai, the number has now reached over 70，000，” said former Qinghai governor Xin Changxing at an event to mark World Environment Day. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。藏羚羊是自然生态系统的重要指示物种。为了保护藏羚羊，西藏自治区人民政府近些年来实施保护行动，为这些动物提供了更多保护空间。 5．What can we learn about Tibetan antelopes? A．They travel to Hoh Xil to find partners. B．Only 30 percent of them give birth every year. C．Their yearly trip to the Hoh Xil Nature Reserve takes about one month. D．The newborns are threatened by diseases and predators. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第二段的“More than 90...predators (捕食性动物) and diseases”可知，每年超过90%的雌性藏羚羊会生产，而仅有30%的新生藏羚羊能存活下来。在返回的途中，很多新生藏羚羊因为无法抵御掠食者和疾病而死亡，即新生藏羚羊会受到掠食者和疾病的威胁。 6．What is the solar­powered drone mainly used for? A．Locating the Tibetan antelope “birth room”． B．Recording Tibetan antelopes' daily activities. C．Watching over the migrating Tibetan antelopes. D．Mapping the migration routes of Tibetan antelopes. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第三段的“Since late 2018...Shannxi Institute of Zoology”可知，自2018年底以来，一架太阳能无人机已被用于监测迁徙的藏羚羊群。陕西省动物研究所专家吴晓民说：“这种太阳能无人机配备分辨率高的摄像头，飞行时间长，这让我们对藏羚羊迁徙过程中的许多具体路线有了新的了解。”由此可知，太阳能无人机主要用于监测迁徙的藏羚羊群。 7．What does the underlined word “hinder” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Pay attention to. B．Cause trouble for. C．Take control of. D．Play an important role in. 解析：选B。词义猜测题。根据第三段画线词前举的例子“For example, the nomads (游牧民)．..protect the grass”可知，游牧民在草原上设置栅栏来保护草地。再根据第四段的“To clear the way...protected space to wildlife”可知，为了给藏羚羊扫清道路，西藏自治区人民政府为野生动物提供了更多保护空间。由此可知，游牧民设置的保护草地的栅栏成了藏羚羊正常活动的障碍。故选B项。 8．How does the government protect Tibetan antelopes? A．By expanding the area of reserve. B．By driving away their predators. C．By encouraging nomads to protect them. D．By relocating them to a protected place. 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知，为了给藏羚羊扫清道路，西藏自治区人民政府近年来采取行动，给野生动物更多保护空间。他们将游牧民从海拔4 800米以上的地方迁移到该地区的其他地方。由此可知，为了保护藏羚羊，该政府为藏羚羊提供了更多保护空间，即扩大了保护区的范围。故选A项。 C (2024·长沙市新高考适应性考试)New Zealand's government announces it will help pay for poorer families to replace their old cars with cleaner hybrid(混合动力的)or electric ones.The government says it plans to spend D|S357 million on the test program. The move is part of a wider plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (排放物)．Greenhouse gases are believed to cause warming temperatures in the Earth's atmosphere.New Zealand plans to provide aid for businesses to reduce emissions and have buses that run on environmentally safe fuel by 2035.The government also plans to provide food­waste collection for most homes by 2030. Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern said in a statement, “We've all seen the recent reports on the sea level rise and its influence right here in New Zealand.We cannot leave the issue of climate change until it's too late to fix.”The plan is a step toward New Zealand's stated goal of reaching net zero (净零) carbon emissions by 2050. Reaching net zero emissions means not creating more carbon in the atmosphere than oceans and forests can remove.Ardern said that reducing dependence on traditional fuels would help protect families from extreme price increases.The plan also sets a goal of reducing total car travel by 20 percent over then next 13 years.The programs will be paid for from a D|S2.8 billion climate emergency response fund. Officials said that over time，money collected from polluters would pay for the programs rather than taxes from families.Some critics of the plan say it continued to be less restrictive on New Zealand's huge agriculture industry.Agriculture creates about half of the nation's total greenhouse gas emissions.But it is important to the economy as the nation's biggest export earner. David Seymour is the leader of New Zealand's ACT political party.He said that some of the announced programs were proven to be ineffective and had been tried and failed overseas.Seymour added that people should be able to choose how they reduce emissions through the market­based emissions trading plan. [语篇解读]本文是一篇新闻报道。这篇文章报道了新西兰政府宣布将帮助较贫困家庭用更清洁的混合动力汽车或电动汽车取代他们的旧车，并计划为企业减排提供援助以及让公交车使用环保燃料等新的举措，其目的是减少温室气体排放从而减缓气候变暖，但对此也有一些不同的声音。 9．What does the New Zealand government plan to do? A．Increase dependence on traditional fuels. B．Reduce expense on food­waste collection. C．Offer businesses help to lessen emissions. D．Buy cars for families and double bar travel. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“New Zealand plans to provide aid for businesses to reduce emissions”可知，新西兰计划为企业减排提供援助，与选项C意义一致，故选C。 10．What does Jacinda Ardern suggest doing about the climate change? A．Observing the sea level rise. B．Publishing the recent reports. C．Dealing with the issue instantly. D．Raising emergency response funds. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“We cannot leave the issue of climate change until it's too late to fix.”可知，新西兰总理Jacinda Ardern认为不能把气候变化问题拖到为时已晚的时候再解决，她认为要立即处理这一问题，故选C。 11．What can we know from the text? A．The move has a goal of reducing the use of buses. B．Agriculture plays a vital part in the nation's economy. C．The announced programs will be applied internationally. D．Achieving net zero emissions means creating no carbon at all. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“But it is also important to the economy as the nation's biggest export earner.”可知，农业作为新西兰最大的出口收入来源，对这一国家的经济起着至关重要的作用，故选B。 12．What is David Seymour's attitude towards the programs? A．Tolerant. B．Unclear. C．Favorable. D．Doubtful. 解析：选D。观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“He said that some of the announced programs were proven to be ineffective and had been tried and failed overseas.”可知，David Seymour说部分宣布的项目被证明是无效的，在海外进行过尝试但以失败告终。由此可知，David Seymour对这一举措持怀疑态度，故选D。tolerant“宽容的”；unclear“不清楚的”；favorable“赞同的”；doubtful“怀疑的”。 Ⅱ.七选五 Brad's idea of a good time is to swim across the lake at the base of Grand Teton, and then hike to the peak and back.Sometimes his wife Sheila and daughters Sage and Sienna will join him.“Being in the wilderness is the best therapy (疗法) I've found，”Sheila says.“1.________” An article details the power of nature therapy not only in reducing stress and anxiety, but in dramatically reducing the symptoms of PTSD.That's the basis on which the National Ability Center (NAC) is built.The NAC draws in nationwide participants with disabilities.2.________ And it's a group Brad and his family have joined in the mountains. Brad's family was once part of a larger family，skiing with autistic (患自闭症的) kids and biking with the depressed.The girls quickly connected with the kids.Sage, the older daughter, says，“3.______We instantly become friends because they are not bothered by the same social cues (暗示)．” 4．________ Sienna recalls riding with a physically disabled man.Sienna rode beside his bike and listened to his daughter singing songs to encourage him along.“Days like that just bring out the best in us，”Sienna says. The forest and the clear sky create a sense of connection beyond our humanness, making us part of something bigger and restoring our emotions.“We're all hurt in some way.But if we help each other out we'll get through it.5.________ And now we get to see how it helps out new friends，” Brad says. A．It's a stress and anxiety reliever. B．To bond with them is a lot easier. C．The therapy functions in two directions. D．The preservation of the world lies in the wilderness. E．After all, it's difficult to achieve anything without support. F．It's a mixed bag of humanity who lands on the unfair side of life. G．Being in the wilderness has sustained our family through hard times. [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。文章通过Brad一家人的野外活动经历告诉人们在大自然中走走对人们有众多益处。 1．解析：选A。空前提到Sheila 认为置身荒野是她发现的最好的治疗方法，空处承接上文，应还是在介绍其对置身荒野的看法。再结合第二段中的“not only in reducing stress and anxiety”可知，空处内容还应涉及关于置身荒野能减少压力和焦虑的内容，故选A。 2．解析：选F。空前提到这是National Ability Center建立的基础，它吸引了全国范围内的残疾人参与其中。空后提到Brad 及其家人在山里加入了这个组织。由此可知，空处应还是对National Ability Center的介绍。F项“这是一个混合的群体，他们落在了生活中不公平的一面”介绍的是这一组织的特点，在这里起到了承接上文的作用，符合语境。 3．解析：选B。上文提到Brad 的女儿们很快与这些孩子们建立了良好的关系，下文提到他们很快就成了朋友，因为这些孩子们不会被同样的社交暗示困扰。由此可知，空处内容应还是在介绍女儿们与这些孩子们交往的内容。B项“和他们建立联系要容易得多”很好地衔接了上下文，符合语境。B项中的easier与上文中的quickly和下文中的instantly的呼应关系亦是提示。 4．解析：选C。空处为段落主旨句。下文提到Sienna和一个残疾人骑行的经历(这是Sienna对这个人的“治愈”)，而且Sienna 说这样的日子会激发出人们最好的一面(这是该经历对Sienna的意义)。由此可知，此处强调的是自然疗法是双向的。C项“这一疗法是双向的”很好地概括了段落内容，起到引领下文的作用。 5．解析：选G。空前提到森林和晴朗的天空创造了一种超越我们人性的联系感，使我们成为更大事物的一部分，并修复我们的情感。我们都会在某种程度上受到伤害，但如果我们互相帮助，我们就能渡过难关。空后提到现在我们要看看它是如何帮助我们的新朋友的。由此可知，空处内容应与Brad及其家人在自然疗法的帮助下渡过难关有关，且与下文内容构成递进关系，故G项“置身荒野使我们一家度过了艰难时期”符合语境。 【二次精读积语料】 核心 单词 A篇 endangered adj.濒临灭绝的，(物种)有灭种危险的　survival n．生存；存活；幸存　conservation n．(对环境的)保护；保存　massive adj.巨大的；非常严重的　establish v．建立，设立，创立，确立　hatch v．孵出；破壳；筹划　breed v．交配繁殖 n．(动物)品种；种类 B篇 tough adj.艰苦的，艰难的　confirm v．确认，证明　relocate v．(使)搬迁，迁移　migration n．迁移，移居　solar­powered adj.太阳能发电的 C篇 restrictive adj.限制性的　ineffective adj.无效的 熟词 生义 B篇 map 常用义：n.地图→文章义：v.绘制……的地图 词缀 变形 A篇 committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→commit vt.承诺；保证 vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→commitment n．投入；奉献；承诺 genetically adv.遗传学地；基因地→genetic adj.遗传的；基因的→gene n．基因 核心 短语 A篇 behind the scenes 在后台，在幕后；秘密地，背地里　made the announcement 宣布　build up 逐步建立；增进 B篇 autonomous region自治区　adopt some high­tech methods 采用一些高科技手段 C篇 replace...with...用……取代……　rather than 而不是 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$