Unit 5 A Delicate World 第 2 课时（Using Language 教学课件+分层作业)-【上好课】2024-2025学年高中英语同步精品课堂（外研版2019选择性必修第二册）

外研社版高中英语选择性必修二 Unit5 A Delicate World Using Language 1 2024/8/28 Find and summarize the usage and composition of “it” as an empty object; Pay attention to the listening materials and have a better understanding of ecosystem. Learning Objectives Practice the use of it as an empty object in a real context to strengthen the grammar; Grammar 3 No visitor would think it surprising that the island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site d. Experts felt it necessary to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island. Analyze the structure of the sentences 4 83% 58% No visitor would think it surprising that the island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site d. Experts felt it necessary to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island. Analyze the structure of the sentences What does “it” refer to in sentence(a) and sentence (c)? 宾语从句 不定式 5 ADD YOUR TITLE HERE 单击编辑标题 单击此处可编辑内容，根据您的需要自由拉伸文本框大小 单击编辑标题 单击此处可编辑内容，根据您的需要自由拉伸文本框大小 单击编辑标题 单击此处可编辑内容，根据您的需要自由拉伸文本框大小 No visitor would think it surprising that the island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site No visitor would think that the island being a UNESCO World Heritage Site is surprising. c. Experts felt it necessary to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island. d. Experts felt to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island was necessary 宾语从句 宾语从句 6 It作形式宾语 条件 真正的宾语是 有宾语补足语 不定式 动名词 从句 具备了这两个条件， 形式宾语it一定要用。 7 It 指代不定式 think/find/consider/feel/make/regard it + 形容词/名词+ to do sth I find it pleasant to work with him. All these noises made it impossible for me to go on the work. They felt it my honor to be invited to speak here. She considers it her duty to take care of us. 8 It 指代动名词 动词+ it no good/no use/useless doing sth The professor considers it no good reading without understanding Do you consider it any good trying again? He found it useless(no use) arguing with him. 9 It 指代从句 动词+ it+ 形容词/名词+从句 We all thought it a pity that the performance had been delayed You should make it clear whether you want it or not. They found it pleasant that they worked with us Chinese. 动词+ it +介词短语+从句 We owe it to you that there wasn’t a serious accident. I took it for granted that they were not coming. 10 It 指代从句 appreciate/hate/like/love+ it +if/when+从句 I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs. I would appreciate it if you could consider my application 动词+it+过去分词+从句 He made it known to everyone that he was right. 11 it 作形式宾语的常见情况归纳如下： 1. it代替不定式短语。常用于： think/ find/ feel/ consider/ make/ regard... it + adj./n. + to do I find it pleasant to work with him. They felt it difficult to finish the work in such a short time. She thinks it her duty to help him. All these noises made it impossible for me to go on with the work. 2. it代替v.-ing只限于少数句型。 consider/think/find... it + good/ use/ worthwhile... + doing... The professor considers it no good reading without understanding. Do you consider it any use arguing with him? I don’t think it worthwhile going to such a place. 3. it代替宾语从句(that有时候可以省略)。 think/find/make... it + n./adj. + Object Clause... We all thought it a pity that the conference was cancelled. They kept it quiet that he was dead. He hasn’t make it clear when he is coming back. it 作形式宾语还有几种特殊情况，归纳如下： 动词+ it + that从句，常见于put, have, take等动词后。 e.g. I take it that he will finish the task by himself. 动词+ it + when/if从句，常见于appreciate, enjoy, like, prefer等动词之后。 e.g. We really appreciate it if you could do us a favour. e.g. *We owe it to you that we are still alive. *I took it for granted that they were not coming. 动词 + it +介词短语 + that从句，常见于owe it to sb, take it for granted等结构中。 动词+介词+ it + that从句，常见于look to, depend on, insist on, stick to, answer for等结构中。 e.g. *She insisted on it that she was innocent. *You may depend on it that he will help you. e.g. *He made it known to everyone that he was right. *They haven’t made it known where they are to hold the conference. 动词+ it +过去分词+从句。 ADD YOUR TITLE HERE Let’s practice 1. I consider it no use ___________(talk) with him about it . 2. I don’t think _______ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. 3. I would appreciate _______ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. 4. The Internet makes it possible _________(share ) the latest news. 5. I think _______ my duty to help her. talking it it to share it 18 Translate the following sentences 1. Children feel it safe and happy to be with their parents. 2. I find it hard to get along with her. 3. Modern technology has made it possible to fly in space. 4. The heavy rain made it more difficult for us to finish the work on time. 5. We thought it no use explaining to him what happened. 19 many people think it a good idea to keep this turtle as a pet believe it no big issue to release them into the wild Rewrite the underlined parts using it as an empty object. 20 3. people have found it a threat to other species to release these turtles into the wild 4. Experts consider it important for owners to keep their pets in an enclosed area Rewrite the underlined parts using it as an empty object. 21 Look at the pictures of the Saihanba National Forest Park and describe its changes using it as an empty object where appropriate. 1960s present day I think it a breakthrough to transform a desert into a forest… nouns/adjectives breakthrough impossible likely unrealistic … to do /that grow investigate plant trees transform … 22 Ecosystems 23 0,000 people reading my blog! b I love to photograph the rising sun, … 1. absorb __________________ 2. dissolved nutrients __________________ 3. rely on __________________ 4. provide energy __________________ 吸收，摄入 溶解的营养物质 依靠，依赖 提供能量 Vocabulary building: Ecosystems Pay attention to the words and expressions in bold. 24 5. feed on ____________________ 6. prey on ____________________ 7. break down ____________________ 8. release ____________________ 以……为食 捕食，掠夺 Vocabulary building: Ecosystems 分解 释放 Pay attention to the words and expressions in bold. 25 Vocabulary building: Ecosystems Look at the diagram and answer the questions. 26 Vocabulary building: Ecosystems 1.What does the diagram show? The diagram shows a food chain – the connection between the living things. Questions Answers Look at the diagram and answer the questions. 27 Vocabulary building: Ecosystems 2. What are the relationships between the living things? The living things are closely connected with each other by the food they eat. Secondary consumers prey on primary consumers, primary consumers feed on producers, and producers Questions Answers Look at the diagram and answer the questions. 28 Vocabulary building: Ecosystems 2. What are the relationship between the living things? absorb light from the sun, and water and dissolved nutrients from the soil, which are provided by decomposers. Questions Answers Look at the diagram and answer the questions. 29 Vocabulary building: Ecosystems Complete the passage with the correct form of the words and expressions. In a woodland ecosystem, trees and other plants are producers. They water, and take in nutrients from the soil and energy from the sun. Insects are an example of a primary consumer. They the producers to provide food for them, and are by secondary consumers: small mammals and birds. They the primary consumers. Worms, fungi absorb rely on fed on prey on 30 Vocabulary building: Ecosystems Complete the passage with the correct form of the words and expressions. and bacteria are decomposers. They animal waste and the remains of living things. The chemicals these decomposers fertilise the soil and give the plants the nutrients they need to grow. break down release 31 Listening & speaking 32 Listening & speaking: Before listening • One of the oldest species in the ecosystem, the honey bee has been in existence for millions of years. • A honey bee can fly as fast as 24 kilometres per hour and its wings can beat 200 times per second. • In just one journey to collect pollen and nectar, one single honey bee can pollinate as many as 50 to 100 flowers. Background information 33 Listening & speaking: While-listening Listen to the conversation and choose the true statements. 1. Bees are very important to our food supply because they provide honey. 2. The bee population is declining. 3. Without bees, humans would die out. 4. All human crops depend on bees for pollination. 34 Listening & speaking: While-listening Listen to the conversation and choose the true statements. 5. If bees became extinct, other insects could pollinate enough crops. 6. Humans are responsible for the decline in the bee population. 35 Listening & speaking: While-listening A combination of things damages bee habitats, mainly ________________________________. Listen again and complete the flow chart. The bee population is ______________________. According to statistics, bee numbers in the US _______________________in just one year. pesticides and climate changes declining very quickly have fallen by 17% 36 Without bees, crops would ___________________. _____________ would not be able to compensate for the loss of bees, because __________________ _______________________ of the species of crops. Listening & speaking: While-listening Listen again and complete the flow chart. Animals that live on the crops _______________ be unable to reproduce Other insects bees are responsible would die out for pollinating about 70% Humans have nothing to eat and die out. 37 Listening & speaking: Summary have fun You must be kidding! • Are you sure about ... ? I don’t believe it! • Check it out for yourself ... It’s a fact! • According to statistics ... Don’t forget that … Expressing doubt Responding to doubt Complete the boxes with the expressions from the conversation. 38 Listening & speaking: Summary Expressing doubt Responding to doubt • You must be kidding! • I don’t believe it! • Are you sure about ... ? • It’s a fact! • Don’t forget that… • Check it out for yourself... • According to statistics... Complete the boxes with the expressions from the conversation. 39 Listening & speaking: Pair work Work in pairs. Talk about what would happen to the ecosystem if another species died out. Use the words and expressions in this section. 40 Describe how a place you know has changed using it as an empty object where appropriate. $$ Unit5A Delicate World Using Language分层作业练习 I 单词拼写 1. In her first book she explained the role of vegetable fibers, vitamins, minerals, and other essential __________ (营养物).  2. Warm the sugar slightly first to make it __________ (溶解) quicker.  3. If you describe someone as a book __________ (虫子), you mean they are very fond of reading. 4. They __________ (授粉) the flower and help seeds develop better.  5. The girl student did not return home instead of attending the summer ________ (期间) of college.  6. Protect and restore wetlands, which are an important part of grassland __________ (生态).  7. In ________ (比较) with the previous study, the new study expanded research subjects.  8. Test results indicate that a __________ (分解体) can remarkably improve the quality of this new material.  9. They strongly demand that you __________ (补偿) for the loss. 10. It is a very pretty butterfly, with a pair of colourful__________ (翅膀). II 单句语法填空 1. Both sides consider ________ desirable to further the understanding between the two peoples. 2. Due to too much work to do, I'll leave it up to you _________ (use) your discretion. 3. I think it ________ breakthrough to transform a desert into a forest or a wide stretch of grassland. 4. __________ (absorb) in their game, these children did not feel hungry at all. 5. Don't rely on ________ (go) abroad for our holiday, for we may not be able to afford it. 6. They cannot be relied on ________ ( offer) much support or useful advice. 7. The dissolved chemicals are released back into the food chain _______ (use) by producers. 8. Secondary consumers prey on primary consumers, as well as ________ (eat) other animal matter. 9. In just a journey ______ (collect) pollen and nectar, one single honey bee can pollinate as many as 50 to 100 flowers. 10. Both patterns tend to exist by ________ (feed) on each other. III 选词组并用其适当的形式填空。 be native to feed on absorb... from break down a combination of in existence pray on transform ... into check out take in 1. According to a study, butterflies ______________ a sweet liquid produced by flowers. 2. It is common knowledge that humans _________oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide.  3. The worms' ability to break down their everyday food also allows them to ________ plastic. 4. The rule says that guests should _________ of their rooms by noon if they don’t pay more for accommodation. 5. The lions in this area ___________ deer and other wild animals for food. 6. The red-eared slider, a species of freshwater turtle, ______________ Central America. 7. ____________________ internal and external factors caused the company to close down. 8. The ancient china is thought to be the only one _____________________ in the province. 9. If we use this new way to boil meat, minerals __________________ animal foods more easily. 10. During the holiday season, the town ___________________ a Christmas wonderland. Ⅳ 阅读理解 A Bill Gates doesn’t pretend he lives in an egalitarian household. When it comes to parenting his three children, the billionaire says his wife Melinda has done more than her share of the work raising the kids. “My wife does 80%,” Gates told a crowd of Harvard students. He said he and his wife have been quite careful about the model they’ve used to raise their three children, who are now 15, 18, and 22 years old. They followed a 1970s “Love and Logic” parenting model. It’s a formula that was created by a group of three men. The core idea of their philosophy is centered on the idea of emotional control, mainly reducing emotional reactions like shouting or reprimanding (训斥) kids. Aside from controlling parent tempers, the model also stresses the importance of not providing rewards for kids, but instead showing unconditional love and admiring kids for who they are, not what they do (or don’t) achieve. “Many highly successful people struggled with grades as children,” co-founder of this model, Charles Fay wrote on his site. “What’s most important is that our children develop good character, curiosity, and problem-solving skills.” Gates says the “Love and Logic” method is a far cry from the way he grew up, but he knew he wanted to do things differently with his own kids. It wasn’t the only way he set boundaries (界线) for his children. None of his kids owned a cell phone until they were 14 years old. The children also attended Catholic church regularly with their parents. And they will each get about $10 million of their parents fortune as inheritance (遗产), a mere small part of roughly $90 billion net worth. “We want to strike a balance where they have the freedom to do anything, but not a lot of money showered on them so they could go out and do nothing,” Gates once told TED． 1．What does the underlined word “egalitarian” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Believing in wealth. B．Having a lot of knowledge. C．Believing in equality. D．Having an interest in kids. 2．What do we know about “Love and Logic” parenting model? A．It is not a good choice for Bill Gates. B．It focuses on emotional control. C．It stresses the importance of rewarding kids. D．It was created by a group of three women. 3．Which of the following does Charles Fay agree with? A．Shaping good character is more important than problem-solving skills. B．Showing unconditional love is always the most effective way. C．Many highly successful people had good grades as children. D．Shouting at kids is not a wise choice for parents. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Bill Gates is strict with his kids. B．Bill Gates’ kids will get about 10 million. C．Bill Gates doesn’t love his children. D．Bill Gates’ kids hate “Love and Logic” method. B Crocodiles today look very similar to ones from 200 million years ago. There are also very few species alive today---just 25. Other animals such as lizards（蜥蜴）and birds have achieved a diversity of many thousands of species in the same amount of time or less. Prehistory also saw types of crocodile we don't see today, including giants as big as dinosaurs, plant-eaters, fast runners and snake-like forms that lived in the sea. The rate of their evolution is generally slow, but occasionally they evolve more quickly because the environment has changed. In particular, their evolution speeds up when the climate is warmer, and their body size increases. The body size of crocodiles is important because it interacts with how fast animals grow, how much food they need, how big their populations are and how likely they are to become extinct. The limited diversity of crocodiles and their apparent lack of evolution is a result of a slow evolutionary rate. It seems the crocodiles arrived at a body plan that was very efficient and perfect enough that they didn't need to change it in order to survive. This perfection could be one explanation why crocodiles survived Cretaceous period（白垩纪）, in which the dinosaurs died out. Crocodiles generally develop better in warm conditions because they cannot control their body temperature and require warmth from the environment. The climate during the age of dinosaurs was warmer than it is today, and that may explain why there were many more varieties of crocodiles than we see now. Being able to draw energy from the sun means they do not need to eat as much as a warm-blooded animal like a bird or a mammal（哺乳动物）. 5．What influenced the evolution of crocodiles most? A．Their number. B．The climate. C．Their habits. D．Food resources. 6．Why did crocodiles go slowly in evolution? A．As a result of their good appetite. B．Because of their perfect body type. C．Owing to so many dinosaurs around. D．Due to their limited ability to reproduce. 7．We can infer from the last paragraph that crocodiles ________. A．are warm-blooded animals B．like cold living conditions C．eat less than mammals D．are fiercer than dinosaurs 8．What is the text mainly about? A．The history of crocodiles, B．Ancient animals' evolution. C．Residents of the Cretaceous period. D．The "stop-start" pattern of crocodiles' evolution. Ⅴ 完形填空 （23-24上·镇江·阶段练习）Jory Fleming, 26, tries to communicate despite autism (自闭症). As a young child, Fleming 1 with language and withdrew from other children. When he 2 began uttering words in preschool, the words rarely 3 to anyone but him. He was diagnosed with autism at five. 4 him out of himself and into the world became the job of his mother, Kelly Fleming, who 5 her dreams of becoming a doctor to care for him. She became the 6 of his world, and he would go crazy whenever she went anywhere without him. Even with years of treatment, Fleming 7 most conversations until he was about 18. Even if he talks, speech still 8 unique challenges because Fleming thinks in images instead of language, whatever comes out of his mouth is the 9 of a painstaking “translation process” that often feels 10 and imprecise. Fleming has a 11 time with many other language problems like common idioms. He also has trouble predicting how people will 12 what he says. He once said his brother looked “sexy” in his sunglasses, and his family broke out laughing. Moments like these have left Fleming concerned that he will 13 say something hurtful, so he is careful with how he speaks. He often 14 a manual (指南) that offers tips for dealing with people in emotional situations. Fleming often feels like he’s on his own small island, but works to build 15 to the neurotypical (神经病学的) mainland. 1．A．struggled B．worked C．lived D．debated 2．A．naturally B．actually C．directly D．finally 3．A．gave birth B．made sense C．came close D．looked forward 4．A．Cheating B．Driving C．Lifting D．Throwing 5．A．realized B．canceled C．attained D．abandoned 6．A．goal B．center C．dream D．hobby 7．A．started B．shared C．avoided D．banned 8．A．poses B．expects C．stresses D．meets 9．A．lesson B．skill C．result D．trick 10．A．flexible B．awkward C．imaginary D．comfortable 11．A．tough B．harmonious C．cruel D．curious 12．A．question B．receive C．assess D．enjoy 13．A．rarely B．normally C．anxiously D．accidentally 14．A．consults B．buys C．sells D．borrows 15．A．networks B．tracks C．bridges D．islands Ⅵ 语法填空 （2023上·江苏·高三校联考阶段练习） Flames in kilns (窑) around China 1 (burn) since the Xia and Shang dynasties. Along the way, porcelain (瓷器) was born. Porcelain is made by heating raw materials, often a mix between China stone 2 clay, in a kiln at a temperature as high as 1,200 degree Celsius. Temperature is key 3 making porcelain. Going through the fire of reinvention at a high temperature bestows (给予) porcelain with greater strength and a feast of colors. Celadon produced in Longquan, Zhejiang province, a technique passed down for more than 1,600 years, 4 (be) a typical example of caftsmen’s pursuit of the perfect green glint (闪耀). It takes 72 steps 5 (produce) Longquan celadon’s jade-like green. Plum green and light green, or tianqing, are two colors of the best quality. Porcelain has also been a carrier for cultural exchanges. Along with China’s silk and tea, porcelain was one of the commodities 6 (trade) worldwide. As it travelled around the globe through the ancient Maritime Silk Road, porcelain enjoyed great 7 (popular) among royal families and upper classes in Europe. Porcelain began as a practical utensil and 8 (grow) into pieces of art. Even when shattered (打碎) into pieces and buried deep in mud, 9 (culture) values attached to porcelain would never dissipate. As a memory 10 can be felt with both hands, porcelain is touchable history. Ⅶ 应用文写作 （2023年全国乙卷）请以向学校英文报投稿的方式，用英语描述学习一项新技能的经历，及从中获得的体验和感受。 注意：1.词数100左右;         2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit5A Delicate World Using Language分层作业练习 I 单词拼写 1. In her first book she explained the role of vegetable fibers, vitamins, minerals, and other essential __________ (营养物).  【答案】 nutrients. 2. Warm the sugar slightly first to make it __________ (溶解) quicker.  【答案】dissolve 3. If you describe someone as a book __________ (虫子), you mean they are very fond of reading. 【答案】 worm 4. They __________ (授粉) the flower and help seeds develop better.  【答案】pollinate 5. The girl student did not return home instead of attending the summer ________ (期间) of college.  【答案】session 6. Protect and restore wetlands, which are an important part of grassland __________ (生态).  【答案】ecology 7. In ________ (比较) with the previous study, the new study expanded research subjects.  【答案】comparison 8. Test results indicate that a __________ (分解体) can remarkably improve the quality of this new material.  【答案】decomposer 9. They strongly demand that you __________ (补偿) for the loss. 【答案】compensate 10. It is a very pretty butterfly, with a pair of colourful__________ (翅膀). 【答案】wings II 单句语法填空 1. Both sides consider ________ desirable to further the understanding between the two peoples. 【答案】it 【解析】consider it +adj + to do sth: 用it作形式宾语，构成动词+形式宾语+宾语补足语的复合结构。 2. Due to too much work to do, I'll leave it up to you _________ (use) your discretion. 【答案】to use 【解析】leave+ it（作形式宾语）+宾语补足语 +to do sth (不定式作真正宾语后置)。 3. I think it ________ breakthrough to transform a desert into a forest or a wide stretch of grassland. 【答案】a 4. __________ (absorb) in their game, these children did not feel hungry at all. 【答案】Absorbed 【解析】过去分词作原因状语，动词absorb与逻辑主语these children构成被动关系。 5. Don't rely on ________ (go) abroad for our holiday, for we may not be able to afford it. 【答案】going 【解析】rely on (one’s) doing sth , 动名词作宾语。 6. They cannot be relied on ________ ( offer) much support or useful advice. 【答案】to offer 【解析】rely on sb to do sth: 构成动词+宾语+宾语补足语复合结构，不定式作宾补。 7. The dissolved chemicals are released back into the food chain _______ (use) by producers. 【答案】to be used 【解析】不定式作目的状语， 动词use 与逻辑主语构成被动关系，故使用 to be used. 8. Secondary consumers prey on primary consumers, as well as ________ (eat) other animal matter. 【答案】eating 【解析】as well as 通常视为介词，后接动词时，常常使用动名词。 9. In just a journey ______ (collect) pollen and nectar, one single honey bee can pollinate as many as 50 to 100 flowers. 【答案】to collect 【解析】不定式作后置定语，修饰前面的名词。 10. Both patterns tend to exist by ________ (feed) on each other. 【答案】feeding III 选词组并用其适当的形式填空 be native to feed on absorb... from break down a combination of in existence pray on transform ... into check out take in 1. According to a study, butterflies ______________ a sweet liquid produced by flowers. 【答案】feed on 2. It is common knowledge that humans _________oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide.  【答案】 take in 【解析】本语境中 take in 意为：吸收。 3. The worms' ability to break down their everyday food also allows them to ________ plastic. 【答案】break down 【解析】break down：分解；本句意为：蠕虫分解日常食物的能力也允许他们分解塑料。 4. The rule says that guests should _________ of their rooms by noon if they don’t pay more for accommodation. 【答案】check out 【解析】check out: 结账离开；登记退出。 5. The lions in this area ___________ deer and other wild animals for food. 【答案】prey on 【解析】prey on：捕食；掠夺。 6. The red-eared slider, a species of freshwater turtle, ______________ Central America. 【答案】is native to 【解析】be native to：原产于；是....某地特有的。 7. ____________________ internal and external factors caused the company to close down. 【答案】A combination of  【解析】a combination of ：...结合； ....兼而有之。 8. The ancient china is thought to be the only one _____________________ in the province. 【答案】 in existence 【解析】in existence：现存的，实际存在的 9. If we use this new way to boil meat, minerals __________________ animal foods more easily. 【答案】are absorbed from 10. During the holiday season, the town ___________________ a Christmas wonderland. 【答案】is transformed into 【解析】transform...into... 把....转变成为... Ⅳ 阅读理解 A Bill Gates doesn’t pretend he lives in an egalitarian household. When it comes to parenting his three children, the billionaire says his wife Melinda has done more than her share of the work raising the kids. “My wife does 80%,” Gates told a crowd of Harvard students. He said he and his wife have been quite careful about the model they’ve used to raise their three children, who are now 15, 18, and 22 years old. They followed a 1970s “Love and Logic” parenting model. It’s a formula that was created by a group of three men. The core idea of their philosophy is centered on the idea of emotional control, mainly reducing emotional reactions like shouting or reprimanding (训斥) kids. Aside from controlling parent tempers, the model also stresses the importance of not providing rewards for kids, but instead showing unconditional love and admiring kids for who they are, not what they do (or don’t) achieve. “Many highly successful people struggled with grades as children,” co-founder of this model, Charles Fay wrote on his site. “What’s most important is that our children develop good character, curiosity, and problem-solving skills.” Gates says the “Love and Logic” method is a far cry from the way he grew up, but he knew he wanted to do things differently with his own kids. It wasn’t the only way he set boundaries (界线) for his children. None of his kids owned a cell phone until they were 14 years old. The children also attended Catholic church regularly with their parents. And they will each get about $10 million of their parents fortune as inheritance (遗产), a mere small part of roughly $90 billion net worth. “We want to strike a balance where they have the freedom to do anything, but not a lot of money showered on them so they could go out and do nothing,” Gates once told TED． 1．What does the underlined word “egalitarian” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Believing in wealth. B．Having a lot of knowledge. C．Believing in equality. D．Having an interest in kids. 2．What do we know about “Love and Logic” parenting model? A．It is not a good choice for Bill Gates. B．It focuses on emotional control. C．It stresses the importance of rewarding kids. D．It was created by a group of three women. 3．Which of the following does Charles Fay agree with? A．Shaping good character is more important than problem-solving skills. B．Showing unconditional love is always the most effective way. C．Many highly successful people had good grades as children. D．Shouting at kids is not a wise choice for parents. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Bill Gates is strict with his kids. B．Bill Gates’ kids will get about 10 million. C．Bill Gates doesn’t love his children. D．Bill Gates’ kids hate “Love and Logic” method. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了比尔·盖茨是如何教育孩子的。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线词后的“When it comes to parenting his three children, the billionaire says his wife Melinda has done more than her share of the work raising the kids. ”（谈到养育他的三个孩子，这位亿万富翁说，他的妻子梅林达在抚养孩子方面做得比她应该做的那部分还要多）可知，在抚养孩子方面，盖茨和妻子是不平等的，因此此处是说比尔·盖茨并没有假装他生活在一个平等主义家庭，由此可知划线词词义为“平等主义、信奉平等”，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“They followed a 1970s “Love and Logic” parenting model. It’s a formula that was created by a group of three men. The core idea of their philosophy is centered on the idea of emotional control, mainly reducing emotional reactions like shouting or reprimanding kids.”（他们遵循20世纪70年代的“爱与逻辑”育儿模式。这是一个由三个人组成的小组创造的公式。他们哲学的核心思想是情绪控制，主要是减少情绪反应，如冲孩子大喊或斥责孩子）可知，“爱与逻辑”育儿模式注重情绪控制，故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段“They followed a 1970s “Love and Logic” parenting model. It’s a formula that was created by a group of three men. The core idea of their philosophy is centered on the idea of emotional control, mainly reducing emotional reactions like shouting or reprimanding kids.”（他们遵循20世纪70年代的“爱与逻辑”育儿模式。这是一个由三个人组成的小组创造的公式。他们哲学的核心思想是情绪控制，主要是减少情绪反应，如冲孩子大喊或斥责孩子）以及“co-founder of this model, Charles Fay”（这一模式的联合创始人查尔斯·费伊）可知，查尔斯·费伊是“爱与逻辑”育儿模式的创始人之一，而这一模式的核心思想就是情绪控制，主要是减少情绪反应，如冲孩子大喊或斥责孩子，因此查尔斯·费伊会同意“对父母来说，对孩子大喊大叫不是明智的选择”这一说法，故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“None of his kids owned a cell phone until they were 14 years old. The children also attended Catholic church regularly with their parents. ”（他的孩子直到14岁才拥有手机。孩子们还定期与父母一起参加天主教会）可知，比尔·盖茨对他的孩子要求很严格，故选A。 B Crocodiles today look very similar to ones from 200 million years ago. There are also very few species alive today---just 25. Other animals such as lizards（蜥蜴）and birds have achieved a diversity of many thousands of species in the same amount of time or less. Prehistory also saw types of crocodile we don't see today, including giants as big as dinosaurs, plant-eaters, fast runners and snake-like forms that lived in the sea. The rate of their evolution is generally slow, but occasionally they evolve more quickly because the environment has changed. In particular, their evolution speeds up when the climate is warmer, and their body size increases. The body size of crocodiles is important because it interacts with how fast animals grow, how much food they need, how big their populations are and how likely they are to become extinct. The limited diversity of crocodiles and their apparent lack of evolution is a result of a slow evolutionary rate. It seems the crocodiles arrived at a body plan that was very efficient and perfect enough that they didn't need to change it in order to survive. This perfection could be one explanation why crocodiles survived Cretaceous period（白垩纪）, in which the dinosaurs died out. Crocodiles generally develop better in warm conditions because they cannot control their body temperature and require warmth from the environment. The climate during the age of dinosaurs was warmer than it is today, and that may explain why there were many more varieties of crocodiles than we see now. Being able to draw energy from the sun means they do not need to eat as much as a warm-blooded animal like a bird or a mammal（哺乳动物）. 5．What influenced the evolution of crocodiles most? A．Their number. B．The climate. C．Their habits. D．Food resources. 6．Why did crocodiles go slowly in evolution? A．As a result of their good appetite. B．Because of their perfect body type. C．Owing to so many dinosaurs around. D．Due to their limited ability to reproduce. 7．We can infer from the last paragraph that crocodiles ________. A．are warm-blooded animals B．like cold living conditions C．eat less than mammals D．are fiercer than dinosaurs 8．What is the text mainly about? A．The history of crocodiles, B．Ancient animals' evolution. C．Residents of the Cretaceous period. D．The "stop-start" pattern of crocodiles' evolution. 【答案】5．B 6．B 7．C 8．D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了鳄鱼的进化主要受气候的影响最大，他们的体型适应了生存的需求。 5．推理判断题。根据第二段的“The rate of their evolution is generally slow, but occasionally they evolve more quickly because the environment has changed. In particular, their evolution speeds up when the climate is warmer, and their body size increases.”可知，鳄鱼的进化速度通常很慢，但由于环境变化，它们有时进化地更快了。特别是当气候变暖时它们的进化加快，并且它们的体型增大。由此可知，气候因素对鳄鱼的进化影响最大。故选B项。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段的“It seems the crocodiles arrived at a body plan that was very efficient and perfect enough that they didn’t need to change it in order to survive.  ”可知，似乎鳄鱼的身体结构非常有效和完美，它们不需要为了生存而改变它。由此可知，鳄鱼进化缓慢是因为拥有了完美的体型。故选B项。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“ Being able to draw energy from the sun means they do not need to eat as much as a warm-blooded animal like a bird or a mammal.”可知，能够从太阳中吸收能量意味着他们不需要像鸟类或哺乳动物这样的温血动物进食那么多。由此可知，鳄鱼比哺乳动物吃得少。故选C项。 8．主旨大意题。文章主要讲的是鳄鱼，因此B项的“古代动物的进化”不正确；文章主要讲的鳄鱼不只生活在白垩纪时代，因此C项的“白垩纪时期的居民”不正确。文章的第二段主要讲的是“鳄鱼的进化受气候的影响最大”，第三段主要讲的是“鳄鱼进化缓慢是其身型的因素”，最后一段主要讲的是“鳄鱼更适应温暖的气候而且能够从太阳中吸收能量”。由此可知，文章的主要讲述鳄鱼的进化。故选D项。 Ⅴ 完形填空 （23-24上·镇江·阶段练习）Jory Fleming, 26, tries to communicate despite autism (自闭症). As a young child, Fleming 1 with language and withdrew from other children. When he 2 began uttering words in preschool, the words rarely 3 to anyone but him. He was diagnosed with autism at five. 4 him out of himself and into the world became the job of his mother, Kelly Fleming, who 5 her dreams of becoming a doctor to care for him. She became the 6 of his world, and he would go crazy whenever she went anywhere without him. Even with years of treatment, Fleming 7 most conversations until he was about 18. Even if he talks, speech still 8 unique challenges because Fleming thinks in images instead of language, whatever comes out of his mouth is the 9 of a painstaking “translation process” that often feels 10 and imprecise. Fleming has a 11 time with many other language problems like common idioms. He also has trouble predicting how people will 12 what he says. He once said his brother looked “sexy” in his sunglasses, and his family broke out laughing. Moments like these have left Fleming concerned that he will 13 say something hurtful, so he is careful with how he speaks. He often 14 a manual (指南) that offers tips for dealing with people in emotional situations. Fleming often feels like he’s on his own small island, but works to build 15 to the neurotypical (神经病学的) mainland. 1．A．struggled B．worked C．lived D．debated 2．A．naturally B．actually C．directly D．finally 3．A．gave birth B．made sense C．came close D．looked forward 4．A．Cheating B．Driving C．Lifting D．Throwing 5．A．realized B．canceled C．attained D．abandoned 6．A．goal B．center C．dream D．hobby 7．A．started B．shared C．avoided D．banned 8．A．poses B．expects C．stresses D．meets 9．A．lesson B．skill C．result D．trick 10．A．flexible B．awkward C．imaginary D．comfortable 11．A．tough B．harmonious C．cruel D．curious 12．A．question B．receive C．assess D．enjoy 13．A．rarely B．normally C．anxiously D．accidentally 14．A．consults B．buys C．sells D．borrows 15．A．networks B．tracks C．bridges D．islands 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．C 10．B 11．A 12．B 13．D 14．A 15．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Jory Fleming挑战自闭症的故事。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：还是孩子的时候，Fleming在语言上有困难，并远离其他孩子。A. struggled挣扎；B. worked工作；C. lived生活；D. debated辩论。根据后文“He was diagnosed with autism at five.”可知，因为患有自闭症，所以Fleming在语言上有困难，struggle with意为“与……斗争”。故选A。 2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当他终于在学前班开始说话时，除了他自己，其他人几乎听不懂。A. naturally自然地；B. actually实际上；C. directly直接地；D. finally最终。根据前文“Fleming ________ with language”可知，还是孩子的时候，Fleming在语言上有困难，所以此处需用副词finally，表示他终于在学前班开始说话。故选D。 3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当他终于在学前班开始说话时，除了他自己，其他人几乎听不懂。A. gave birth生孩子；B. made sense对……易于理解；C. came close接近、几乎；D. looked forward期待。由后文“He was diagnosed with autism at five.”可知，因为有自闭症，所以他说话只有自己能理解，make sense to sb.意为“某人可以理解”。故选B。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：把他从自我中解救出来，融入这个世界成为了他的母亲Kelly Fleming的工作，她放弃了当医生的梦想，去教育和照顾他。A. Cheating欺骗；B. Driving开车；C. Lifting举起；D. Throwing扔。根据后文“out of himself and into the world”可知，空处需用动词lift，因为Fleming患有自闭症，所以此处表示把Fleming从自我中解救出来，融入这个世界。故选C。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：把他从自我中解救出来，融入这个世界成为了他的母亲Kelly Fleming的工作，她放弃了当医生的梦想，去教育和照顾他。A. realized意识到、实现；B. canceled取消；C. attained获得；D. abandoned放弃。根据后文“to care for him”可知，因为要照顾儿子，妈妈放弃了自己的医生梦。故选D。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她成了他世界的中心，每当她离开他去任何地方，他都会发疯。A. goal目标；B. center中心；C. dream梦想；D. hobby爱好。根据后文“he would go crazy whenever she went anywhere without him”可知，因为没有妈妈在身边，儿子会发疯，由此可知，妈妈成了儿子的中心。故选B。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使接受了多年的治疗，弗莱明在18岁之前还是回避了大多数谈话。A. started开始；B. shared分享；C. avoided避免；D. banned禁止。根据下文“Even if he talks”可知，弗莱明在18岁之前回避了大多数谈话。故选C。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使他会说话，讲话仍然会带来独特的挑战，因为弗莱明用图像而不是语言来思考，从他嘴里说出来的任何东西都是一个艰苦的“翻译过程”的结果，常常让人感到尴尬和不精确。A. poses引起、产生；B. expects期望；C. stresses强调；D. meets遇见。根据下文“Fleming thinks in images instead of language”可知，他用图像而不是语言来思考，所以讲话仍然会带来独特的挑战。故选A。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使他会说话，讲话仍然会带来独特的挑战，因为弗莱明用图像而不是语言来思考，从他嘴里说出来的任何东西都是一个艰苦的“翻译过程”的结果，常常让人感到尴尬和不精确。A. lesson课、教训；B. skill技术；C. result结果；D. trick恶作剧。根据前文“Because Fleming thinks in images, not language”可知，因为Fleming是用图像而不是语言来思考的，无论从他嘴里说出什么，都是一个费劲的“翻译过程”的结果。故选C。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使他会说话，讲话仍然会带来独特的挑战，因为弗莱明用图像而不是语言来思考，从他嘴里说出来的任何东西都是一个艰苦的“翻译过程”的结果，常常让人感到尴尬和不精确。A. flexible灵活的；B. awkward笨拙的；C. imaginary虚构的；D. comfortable舒服的。前文“Fleming thinks in images instead of language”提到Fleming是用图像而不是语言来思考的，所以他说话的过程让人感到笨拙和不精确。故选B。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：弗莱明遇到了许多其他的语言问题，比如常见的习语。A. tough困难的；B. harmonious和谐的；C. cruel残忍的；D. curious好奇的。根据下文“He also has trouble predicting how people will __________ what he says”可知，弗莱明遇到了许多其他的语言问题，也就是在语言上有困难。故选A。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他也很难预料人们会对他所说的话作出什么样的反应。A. question质疑；B. receive对……反应；C. assess评估；D. enjoy喜欢。根据后文所给例子“He once said his brother looked “sexy” in his sunglasses, and his family broke out laughing”可知，他说的话有时会让人发笑，此处表示他很难预料人们会对他所说的话作出什么样的反应。故选B。 13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这样的时刻让Fleming担心自己会不小心说一些伤人的话，所以他非常注意自己说话的方式。A. rarely罕见地；B. normally通常；C. anxiously着急地；D. accidentally无意中，不小心。根据后文“so he is careful with how he speaks”可知，他担心自己无意中说的话会伤害到人，所以很注意自己说话的方式。故选D。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他现在还在查阅大学时读过的一本指南，这本手册提供了一些处理情绪问题的技巧。A. consults查询；B. buys买；C. sells卖；D. borrows借。根据后文“a manual (指南)”可知，空处需用动词consult，表示查阅大学时的一本指南。故选A。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Fleming常常觉得自己是在自己的小岛上，但他在努力搭建通往神经病学大陆的桥梁。A. networks网络；B. tracks小路； C. bridges桥梁；D. islands岛屿。根据前文“he’s on his own small island”和后文“the neurotypical (神经病学的) mainland”可知，岛和大陆是分离的，需要桥来连接，空处需用名词bridges，表示努力搭建通往神经病学大陆的桥梁。故选C。 Ⅵ 语法填空 （2023上·江苏·高三校联考阶段练习） Flames in kilns (窑) around China 1 (burn) since the Xia and Shang dynasties. Along the way, porcelain (瓷器) was born. Porcelain is made by heating raw materials, often a mix between China stone 2 clay, in a kiln at a temperature as high as 1,200 degree Celsius. Temperature is key 3 making porcelain. Going through the fire of reinvention at a high temperature bestows (给予) porcelain with greater strength and a feast of colors. Celadon produced in Longquan, Zhejiang province, a technique passed down for more than 1,600 years, 4 (be) a typical example of caftsmen’s pursuit of the perfect green glint (闪耀). It takes 72 steps 5 (produce) Longquan celadon’s jade-like green. Plum green and light green, or tianqing, are two colors of the best quality. Porcelain has also been a carrier for cultural exchanges. Along with China’s silk and tea, porcelain was one of the commodities 6 (trade) worldwide. As it travelled around the globe through the ancient Maritime Silk Road, porcelain enjoyed great 7 (popular) among royal families and upper classes in Europe. Porcelain began as a practical utensil and 8 (grow) into pieces of art. Even when shattered (打碎) into pieces and buried deep in mud, 9 (culture) values attached to porcelain would never dissipate. As a memory 10 can be felt with both hands, porcelain is touchable history. 【答案】 1．have burnt(burned)/have been burning 2．and 3．to 4．is 5．to produce 6．traded 7．popularity 8．grew 9．cultural 10．that/which 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了中国瓷器的发展过程及传播影响。 1．考查时态语态。句意：自夏商朝以来，中国各地的窑炉就开始燃烧火焰。根据时间状语since the Xia and Shang dynasties可知，句子表示从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作，用现在完成时或者现在完成时进行时，主语Flames是复数，与谓语burn是主动关系，故填have burnt(burned) /have been burning。 2．考查连词。句意：瓷器是通过加热原料制成的，原料通常是中国石头和粘土的混合物，在窑炉中温度高达1200摄氏度。根据句意，stone和clay是并列关系，故填and。 3．考查介词。句意：温度是制作瓷器的关键。key to…“……的关键”，固定短语。故填to。 4．考查动词时态。句意：浙江龙泉的青瓷技艺传承了1600多年，是工匠追求完美绿色光泽的典型代表。分析句子可知，be动词是谓语动词，描述现在的事实用一般现在时，主语Celadon是不可数名词，故填is。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：龙泉青瓷的翡翠般的绿色需要72道工序才能生产出来。分析句子可知，此处为固定句型：it takes some time to do sth.“做某事需要……”,it 是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语，故填to produce。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：与中国的丝绸和茶叶一样，瓷器是世界范围内交易的商品之一。分析句子可知，trade作定语，修饰commodities，二者之间是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语，故填traded。 7．考查名词。句意：瓷器通过古代海上丝绸之路传遍世界各地，在欧洲皇室和上层阶级中广受欢迎。分析句子可知，此处用名词作宾语，popularity“受欢迎度”，根据句意此处用作不可数名词，故填popularity。 8．考查动词时态。句意：瓷器最初是一种实用器具，后来发展成为艺术品。分析句子可知，grow此处与began并列作谓语，讲述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，故填grew。 9．考查形容词。句意：即使碎成碎片并深埋在泥里，附加在瓷器上的文化价值也不会消散。修饰名词values用形容词作定语，故填cultural。 10．考查定语从句。句意：作为一种可以用双手触摸的记忆，瓷器是可以触摸的历史。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词memory，从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词that或者which，故填that/ which。 Ⅶ 应用文写作 （2023年全国乙卷）请以向学校英文报投稿的方式，用英语描述学习一项新技能的经历，及从中获得的体验和感受。 注意：1.词数100左右;         2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 When I was in my primary school, I had an opportunity to attend a musical contest held in my school. That was the first time I watched a live musical performance. The fantastic players touched me deeply. I asked my parents allowing me to take up a piano lesson for beginner. In the beginning, it was quite difficult to read the notes on the stave. However, it did not demoralize me. I spent most of my leisure hours to practice piano. Although my fingers were painful after few hours practice, I felt satisfied if I could play a music piece completely. Even though I will not pursue as my life career, I will still continue learning and playing piano as my hobby. It is simply because music is the best medication for my soul. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于记叙文，请以向学校英文报投稿的方式，用英语描述学习一项新技能的经历，及从中获得的体验和感受。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 机会：opportunity → chance 使沮丧：demoralize → discourage 满意的：satisfied → content 空闲的：leisure → spare 2. 句式拓展 合并简单句 原句：The fantastic players touched me deeply. I asked my parents allowing me to take up a piano lesson for beginner. 拓展句：The fantastic players touched me deeply, so I asked my parents allowing me to take up a piano lesson for beginner. 点睛 【高分句型1】When I was in my primary school, I had an opportunity to attend a musical contest held in my school. (运用了when引导的时间状语从句) 【高分句型2】Although my fingers were painful after few hours practice, I felt satisfied if I could play a music piece completely. (运用了although引导的让步状语从句和if引导的条件状语从句) 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$