内容正文:
初中常用名词用法辨析
ENGLISH LESSON
英
英
语
语
堂
堂
课
课
中考对名词词义辨析的考查主要为语境辨析,同义名词的辨析。主要涉及同类名词语境辨析, 包括地点类、称呼类、身体部位类、物品类、颜色类、国家及地区类、饮食类等名词的辨析。
对于此类考题,考生可以按照类别来记忆,掌握足够的词汇量,此外,掌握常见同义名词的辨析方法,通过分析语境和逻辑关系,结合生活经验和常识,确定正确答案。
初中同类名词分类记忆整理
职业
actor artist astronaut athlete housewife businessman
baker dancer worker hairdresser
交通
bicycle taxi truck rocket bus boat train ship plane airship helicopter submarine
衣物
hat coat jumper pants T-shirt scarf gloves dress sweater
海鲜熟食
crab oysters lobster clams shrimp fish bread roast beef cheese sausage roast duck hamburger
场所
Playground library art room farm zoo shop hospital bank park
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蔬菜
Onion pepper potato pumpkin mushroom tomato carrot cucumber
肉类
beef lamb pork bacon chicken ham rib sausage steak
饮品
beer cola juice soft drink tea wine yogurt
颜色
yellow orange red purple blue green brown white gray black pink
国名
China Brazil Spain Canada Germany Japan India Australia
身体器官
forehead eyelash eyebrow cheeks chin tongue lips elbow stomach
finger shoulder knee chest
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名词辨析
中考常考相似名词辨析
第1组 cloth, clothes, clothing, dress
第2组 journey, tour, trip, travel
第3组 game, sport, match
第4组 festival, holiday, vacation
第5组 family, home, house
第6组 habit , custom , manners , tradition
第7组 affair, matter, event,
第8组 melody, song, tune, theme
第9组 meaning, implication, sense
第10组 material, matter, substance, stuff
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cloth
clothes
clothing
dress
你能区分开
上面名词吗?
第1组
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cloth 指做衣服等用的布料。如“布、毛料”等,是不可数名词。
The cloth is produced in that factory.
布料是那家工厂生产的。
clothes 意为“衣服”,没有单数形式,不能单独与数词直接搭配。
Her clothes were made by her mother.
她的衣服是她母亲做的。
clothing 的意思也是“衣服”, 不指具体的一件件的衣服,而是指衣着的整体。
They were all in their spring clothing.
他们都穿着春天的衣服。
dress 通常指外面穿的衣服,一般指妇女和儿童服装,还指礼服或某种特殊的服装,是可数名词。
Who's that girl in a black dress?
穿黑衣服的那位姑娘是谁?
journey
tour
trip
travel
你能区分开
上面名词吗?
第2组
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Journey 指在陆地上(或海上、空中)进行的长途旅行,不知终点,含有辛苦的意思。
He made up his mind to make the journey to Beijing.
他下定决心去北京旅游。
tour指途中作短期逗留的巡回旅行,强调游览多处,常用来指观光等。
He has gone on a walking tour.
他去徒步旅行了。
trip通常指往返定时的短途旅行,如出差、度假等。
He took several trips to Tianjin last year.
去年他去了天津好几次。
travel多指长期或长途的观光旅行,尤其指到国外,没有明确目的地,也可用作不可数名词,指“旅行”这一行为。
Did you go to America during your travels?
你旅行时去美国了吗?
game
sport
match
你能区分开
上面名词吗?
第3组
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game指有一定的规则、且决定胜负的脑力和体力劳动的“竞技”。
There is going to be a computer game tomorrow afternoon.
match 多指网球、足球、高尔夫球等运动项目的“比赛”。
The football match will be held tomorrow morning.
sport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动,如打球、跳高、游泳、拳术等。
Swimming is her favorite sport.
festival holiday vacation
你能区分开
上面名词吗?
第4组
16
festival“节日”指喜庆的日子或持续一段时间的文娱活动。
The Beijing Television Festival will be held next month.
holiday 指法定假日或风俗习惯,其复数可以表示一个较长的假期。
Saturday is a holiday and most people do not work.
vacation“假期”,指学习或工作中一段长时间的休息。
What are you going to do during the winter vacation?
family home house
你能区分开
上面名词吗?
第5组
family 指的是家庭、一家人或全体家庭成员。
My family have always been close.
home指人们成长居住或组建家庭的地方或房子,有感情色彩。
He left home at the age of 12.
house 指家人居住的房屋。
My aunt's house is very beautiful.
habit custom manners tradition
你能区分开
上面名词吗?
第6组
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habit 侧重于自然养成的,不易去掉的个人习惯。
Habit will become a part of our character permanently.
custom 指一个国家、民族、地区或社会的风俗习惯。也指个人习惯。
It is a British custom to drink tea at four o'clock each afternoon.
manners是常用复数形式,指的基本的礼仪规范,约定俗成的习俗。
It's bad manners to break in while others are speaking.
tradition 指世代相传的行为规范和生活方式。
This tradition has no parallel in our culture.
affair
matter
event
你能区分开
上面名词吗?
第7组
22
affair 的意思是:公共事务;政治事务;事件;事情。
The newspapers exaggerated the whole affair wildly.
matter的意思是问题;当前的状况;事关紧要;要紧;有重大影响。
She reluctantly agreed to let the matter drop.
event的意思是发生的事情;重要事情,大事; (体育运动的) 比赛等。
A new book by Grass is always an event.
melody, song, tune, theme
这些名词均含有“乐曲、曲调”之意。
melody=指悦耳的曲调旋律 Her voice was full of melody.
song=多指配有歌词的歌曲 They ended the play with a song.
tune=指曲调 The tune has a loping rhythm.
theme=指主旋律 The theme song of that movie is so wonderful.
第8组
24
meaning, implication, sense
这些名词均含有“含义, 意义, 意思”之意。
meaning 既可指语言表达的意思, 又可指手势、符号等。
What is the meaning of this word?
implication指暗含的意思。
An implication is often more important than the direct statement.
sense特指词、短语或句子的某种特定意思。
He has a strange sense of humor.
第9组
25
material, substance, stuff
这些名词均含“物质, 东西”之意。
material 指组成客观存在物的部分或其原料。
This material is much lighter than the other fabric.
substance 多指某一种形式的物质, 可以指元素。
Ice and snow are different forms of the same substance, water.
stuff 非正式用词。常指构成整体的所有部分。有时指劣等材料。
There's some white stuff on this plate.
第10组
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Tips
按照类别来记忆,掌握足够的词汇量。
掌握常见同义名词的辨析方法,通过分析语境和逻辑关系,结合生活经验和常识,确定正确答案。
平时积累
是关键!
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practice
1. Peter regards Shanghai as his second _____ because he has lived here for ten years.
A.family B.house
C.home D.room
C
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practice
2.Dogs have a very good ______ of smell and are often used to search for survivors in the earthquake.
A.sense B.view
C.meaning D.idea
A
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practice
3.My grandfather enjoys the country life, away from city ________.
A.sound B.voice
C.noise D.dress
C
30
practice
4. _____ are necessary for everyone.
A.Cloth B.Clothes
C.Clothing D. cloths
B
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practice
5.—It’s very useful for students to join in ____.
—Yes, they can learn how to help people in need.
A.basketball matches
B.ball games
C.school sports
D.community services
D
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THE END
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