主题素养练案(19) 选择性必修第二册 Unit 3 Fit for life(word练习)-【正禾一本通】2025年高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（译林版2019）

　 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·山西省高三调研)With the cost of living in the United States soaring, more and more people are setting their sights on an international destination. Ecuador For real bargain hunters, Ecuador is cheap and safe with a very comfortable year­round climate.The cost of living for one person in the country is ＄750.Ecuador is geographically diverse with miles of endless beaches, hills and rainforests.Housing is economical with the average rent for one person costing around ＄307 per month. Costa Rica Costa Rica is the perfect place to live abroad without depleting (耗尽) your savings.The cost of living is around ＄893 and rent for one person runs approximately ＄406 per month.The tropical destination has cost­effective healthcare.The weather is gorgeous, the water is warm and the housing is highly affordable. Uruguay The country is exquisite (精美的)，offering nearly 400 miles of coast, rolling mountains and four distinct seasons.The cost of living is nearly half of what it is in the States at ＄1，090 and you can find a nice apartment at the reasonable price of ＄500 per month. Panama Panama could be a good option for anyone to live cheaply.The cost of living is under half of what it would cost in the U．S.at ＄1，040 for one person.Rent runs approximately ＄530 per month and food takes up another ＄353, but outside of that costs are minimal.The country has a mild climate and offers world­class beaches. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了随着美国生活成本的迅速上涨，人们将目光投向了四个生活费不高但幸福指数较高的国家。 1．Which country has economical healthcare? A．Ecuador. B．Costa Rica. C．Uruguay. D．Panama. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据Costa Rica部分中的The tropical destination has cost­effective healthcare.可知，哥斯达黎加拥有经济划算的医疗保健服务。故选B项。 2．What makes Uruguay special? A．Its reasonable rent. B．Its good bargains. C．Its diverse climates. D．Its cheap apartments. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据Uruguay部分中的The country is exquisite (精美的)，offering nearly 400 miles of coast, rolling mountains and four distinct seasons.可知，只有乌拉圭拥有不同的四个季节，其他国家的气候都是温和的。故选C项。 3．How much is the cost of living in the United States? A．Close to ＄1，090. B．Around ＄750. C．Under ＄893. D．Above ＄2，080. 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据Uruguay部分的The cost of living is nearly half of what it is in the States at ＄1，090和Panama部分中的The cost of living is under half of what it would cost in the U．S.at ＄1，040 for one person.可知，乌拉圭和巴拿马的生活费大约是美国的一半，故美国的生活费高于2，080美元。故选D项。 B (2024·长沙市雅礼中学一模)As a child, I never considered myself an athlete at all as I was very uncoordinated(不协调的)．However, I did love to run because I felt as if I was flying but this all changed two years ago when I suffered a knee injury.I was bedridden for two weeks and I had a difficult time moving even short distances.I literally cried myself on my way to the car for a few days. When therapy wasn't working well for me, I signed up for a hot yoga class for girls, Bikram Yoga to be exact.Starting a yoga practice was truly a godsend because it helped me gain strength in my knees but, most importantly, yoga helped me attain a more peaceful state of mind, body and spirit. Since each class was heated to 105°F, every time I stepped foot in the yoga studio, I'd feel a surge(涌起) of negative thoughts come upon me like a big ocean wave.Some of these thoughts were, in the beginning of my practice, so strong that I walked out of the class several times.However, as the months passed by, I noticed that when I didn't get swayed away by my negative thoughts, I could stay in the hot room for longer. After 3－4 months of practicing hot yoga, my arms and legs were beginning to get definition.I also woke up with so much more energy than I had before starting my yoga practice and I gradually started shedding the pounds from my body.Yoga literally made me feel as if I'd taken a shot of energy drink and just gave me that burst that helped my knees heal and made my overall health better. As I saw some of my classmates do poses that looked appealing to me, I started to think maybe I could do them too.Therefore, yoga helped show me that I have no real limitations physically unless I set those limitations myself through eating junk and thinking in negative limiting terms. Also, practicing yoga in front of a mirror helped me connect with myself and practicing with a group of people really helped me to feel a greater sense of connection with humanity whereas before I didn't.Overall, this yoga practice has helped me to see I'm part of a bigger picture in life! [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者膝盖受伤导致行动困难，报名瑜伽课程参加练习后，整体健康状况变得更好的经历。 4．What made the author sign up for the yoga class? A．Her currently disabled knee. B．Her being uncoordinated. C．Her failure to find her car. D．Her serious mental disease. 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第一段“However, I did love to run because I felt as if I was flying but this all changed two years ago when I suffered a knee injury.”及第二段“When therapy wasn't working well for me, I signed up for a hot yoga class for girls, Bikram Yoga to be exact.”可知，作者报名参加瑜伽是因为她目前残疾的膝盖。 5．What can we learn about the author from Paragraph 3? A．Lack of confidence prevented her doing yoga. B．The temperature was difficult to bear in yoga classes. C．She couldn't stand the pain the knee injury brought. D．She was greatly impacted by negative thoughts at first. 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据第三段“Since each class was heated to 105°F, every time I stepped foot in the yoga studio, I'd feel a surge(涌起) of negative thoughts come upon me like a big ocean wave.Some of these thoughts were, in the beginning of my practice, so strong that I walked out of the class several times.”可知，起初她很受消极思想的影响。 6．What effect did yoga have on the author? A．She did better than her classmates at school. B．Her physical and mental states have improved a lot. C．She has developed many healthy eating habits. D．Her social circle was widened in the yoga classes. 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第四段“After 3－4 months of practicing hot yoga, my arms and legs were beginning to get definition.I also woke up with so much more energy than I had before starting my yoga practice and I gradually started shedding the pounds from my body.”及第六段“Also, practicing yoga in front of a mirror helped me connect with myself and practicing with a group of people really helped me to feel a greater sense of connection with humanity whereas before I didn't.”可知，在练习瑜伽之后，她的身体和精神状态都有了很大的改善。故选B。 7．What is the author's purpose in writing the passage? A．To share her experience in taking yoga classes. B．To call on readers to sign up for yoga courses. C．To present the benefits of practicing yoga regularly. D．To show readers the necessary skills needed to do yoga. 解析：选A。写作目的题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“Overall, this yoga practice has helped me to see I'm part of a bigger picture in life！”可知，文章主要讲述了作者膝盖受伤导致行动困难，报名瑜伽课程参加练习后，整体健康状况变得更好的经历。由此可知，作者写这篇文章是想要分享她上瑜伽课的经历。 C (2024·武汉市武昌区高三质量检测)Despite living beyond 80s，“super­agers”have the physical ability and cognitive (认知的) function of people much younger, which has long been puzzling scientists.But researchers may have discovered why super­agers are able to stay so mentally sharp：The neurons (神经元) in their entorhinal cortex, the part of the brain responsible for storing memories, are much larger than those of their average peers.Furthermore these neurons show no sign of tau tangles (tau蛋白缠结), which limit the communication between neurons and are alarming signs of Alzheimer's disease. “To understand how and why people may be resistant to developing Alzheimer's disease, it's important to closely investigate the brains of super­agers，”said lead researcher Tamar D．Gefen, an assistant professor of psychiatry and behavioural sciences at Northwestern University.To make the discovery, the researchers examined the brains of six super­agers, seven cognitively average elderly individuals, six young individuals and five individuals in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. “The remarkable observation that super­agers showed larger neurons than their younger peers may imply that large cells were present from birth and are maintained structurally throughout their lives.We conclude that larger neurons are a biological signature of the super­ageing.”The researchers concentrated their studies on the entorhinal cortex as it's one of the first locations to be affected by Alzheimer's disease.The neurons that form this part were found to be bigger in super­agers than in all of the other groups in the study, even those who were 20 to 30 years younger.They were also found to be free from tau tangles. “In this study, we find that in Alzheimer's disease, neuronal shrinking in the entorhinal cortex appears to be a characteristic marker of the disease，”Gefen said. “We suspect this process is a function of tau tangle formation in the affected cells leading to the poor memory ability in older age.Identifying this contributing factor—and every contributing factor—is crucial to the early identification of Alzheimer's, monitoring its course and guiding treatment.” The researchers are now planning further studies to try and figure out why super­agers have such larger neurons. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。“超级老人”虽然已经年过八旬，但他们具有比他们年轻许多的人的体能和认知能力，科学家们对此进行了相关研究。研究发现，这些老人的内嗅皮层中的神经细胞比同龄老人的大，而内嗅皮层中的神经细胞萎缩是阿尔茨海默病的一个典型标记。这有助于科学家们了解“超级老人”为何拥有异于常人的能力。 8．What do researchers find about “super­agers”？ A．They have weak cognitive ability. B．They are likely to suffer Alzheimer's neurons. C．Tau tangles can be commonly found in their brains. D．Some of their brain neurons are larger than their peers'. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The remarkable observation...throughout their lives”可知，研究发现，超级老人比年轻的同龄人有更大的神经细胞，由此可知，D项“他们的一些大脑神经细胞比同龄人的更大”符合题意。 9．How did Tamar D．Gefen carry out his research? A．By observing the function of neuron formation. B．By limiting the communication between neurons. C．By examining the brains of multiple groups of people. D．By tracking the large cells in super­agers' brains from birth. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“To make the discovery...of Alzheimer's disease”可知，为了这一发现，研究人员检查了6名超级老人、7名认知能力一般的老年人、6名年轻人和5名阿尔茨海默病早期患者的大脑。据此可知，Tamar D．Gefen是通过分组检查大脑进行研究的。 10．What does the underlined word “shrinking” mean in Paragraph 5? A．Adapting. B．Becoming smaller. C．Expanding. D．Growing flexible. 解析：选B。词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“The neurons that...20 to 30 years younger”可知，研究发现，内嗅皮层中的神经细胞在超级老年组中比研究中的其他所有组都要大。结合该句中的“a characteristic marker of the disease”和常识可知，内嗅皮层中的神经细胞萎缩是阿尔茨海默病的一个典型标记。据此可推知，画线词义为“缩小”。 11．Which of the following is NOT yet identified by the researchers? A．Why super­agers are free from tau tangles. B．What typical signs of Alzheimer's disease are. C．Which part of the brain is in charge of memory storage. D．Whether large neurons are connected with super­ageing. 解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The neurons that...be free from tau tangles”可知，研究人员发现超级老人的内嗅皮层中的神经细胞比研究中的其他所有组都要大，这些神经细胞也被发现没有tau蛋白缠结，但文章中并未提及超级老人没有tau蛋白缠结的原因。故A项正确。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2024·广东六校联考)Science shows that stretching (伸展) is essential after exercise.Stretching lengthens and mobilizes the connective tissue around your muscles.What's more，stretching helps your blood flow and even relieves your stress.1.________ You could feel sick.You won't be surprised to know that when you exercise，you raise your heart rate for a period of time.While it's great to get that blood flowing，it's just as important to get your heart rate back to a normal level after the workout is over.2.________ As your heart is beating faster and your body temperature is higher，you could pass out or feel sick if you stop too fast.Stretching after physical activity allows a gradual decrease at the end of the episode. Your muscles will likely become stiffer and more sore.When you exercise your muscles，it produces lactic acid (乳酸)，which is actually what causes your muscles to become sore.When you rest between periods of exercise，your body naturally breaks down that lactic acid.Is there one thing that helps your body get rid of that lactic acid？3.________ Stretching helps you distribute oxygen throughout your body，which can reduce lactic acid production and rid your muscles of any accumulation of lactic acid. 4．________ Flexibility is closely related to injury risk.Poor flexibility will cause you to have muscles that get tired more quickly and joints that are more likely to suffer from injury.Besides，your weakened range of motion will lead to less blood and nutrients to your joints.5.________ Sticking to stretching after physical activity can hopefully improve your flexibility. A．You'll be at risk of injury. B．You guessed it：stretching. C．You'll improve your flexibility by stretching. D．It does wonders for both your physical and mental health. E．This is also know in the fitness world as“cooling down”． F．There are harmful side effects if you don't stretch after exercise. G．That's why people often feel pain in their weight­bearing joints like knees and hips. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。科学研究表明运动后拉伸非常有必要。本篇文章介绍了人在运动后为什么要拉伸以及拉伸的好处。 1．解析：选F。空前讲到了拉伸的好处。根据第二段和第三段的首句可知，空处承上启下，应该会讲到运动后不拉伸的坏处。故选F项“如果你运动后不做伸展运动，就会产生副作用”。 2．解析：选E。根据空前的“it's just as important...workout is over”可知，E项“这在健身界也被称为‘降温’”符合语境，且E项中的“This”指代“get your heart rate back to a normal level after the workout is over”。 3．解析：选B。空前提出一个问题：有没有方法可以帮助身体摆脱乳酸？接下来应该回答这个问题并呼应主题，故B项“你猜对了：拉伸”对空前的提问进行了回答，空后进一步对拉伸是如何帮助身体摆脱乳酸的进行了解释。 4．解析：选A。根据第二段和第三段的首句可知，空处应与前两段在逻辑上保持一致，也应该讲不做拉伸的负面作用，再结合空后的“injury risk”可知，A项“你将会有受伤的危险”符合语境。 5．解析：选G。根据空前两句内容可知，灵活性差会导致你的肌肉更快疲劳，关节更易损伤。除此之外，肌肉运动范围的缩小会导致关节的血液和营养供应减少。G项“那就是人们的负重关节(如膝盖和髋关节)经常感到疼痛的原因”符合语境。 【二次精读积语料】 核心 单词 A篇 soar vi.高飞；飞腾　bargain n．便宜货；交易，协议 v．商谈；讨价还价　economical adj.经济的；节约的；简洁的　approximately adv.大约；近似　 gorgeous adj.华丽的　minimal adj.最小的，极少的；极小的 C篇 individual adj.单独的；个别的 n．个人　characteristic adj.典型的；独特的；特有的 n．特征；特点；品质　investigate v．调查；研究　crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的 词缀 变形 C篇 structurally adv.在结构上→structure n．构造；建筑物 identification n．辨认；确认→identifiable adj.可辨认的；可识别的→identify v．认出；识别；确认 词缀 派生 A篇 geographically adv.地理学上，在地理上，地理方面→geographic adj.地理学的，地理的→geography n．地理(学)；地形，地势　affordable adj.价格合理的；买得起的→afford v．买得起；承受得住 核心 短语 A篇 at the reasonable price of 以……合理的价格　a good option for 对于……是一个很好的选择 C篇 be resistant to 抵抗……的；对……有反抗作用的 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$