【人与社会：社会文明01】专题13 餐桌礼仪，为何执着-2025年高考英语一轮复习外刊精粹与词汇专练

2025高考英语一轮复习外刊阅读与词汇专练 专题13 餐桌礼仪，为何执着 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：社会文明 语篇类型：夹叙夹议 1. 精编外刊阅读 2. 阅读理解专项 3. 语法填空专项 4. 课标高频词专练 5. 外刊中的课标词 【精编·外刊阅读】 Mr Hayward’s Manual of Modern Manners （文章来源：Financial Times） 文中红色粗体为课标词，下面有专门的高频课标词训练和课标词梳理表格 [A] A couple of weeks ago, eating alone, I found myself sat next to a family with small kids. We made eye contact and exchanged low-energy words. But as the meal progressed, I became more uncomfortable. Not because of the behaviour of the kids, God no, but of the dad, who was loudly, in fact exaggeratedly, scolding his kids for their “table manners”. This made me reflect on why we place such importance on manners. [C] There’s obviously a constant market. People are always socially insecure and desperate for advice on how to behave. Ask Emily Post or “Miss Manners”, who capitalized upon the insecurities of their readers. But in truth, I picked up most of my behaviour from school and a weird combination of The Official Sloane Ranger Handbook and American Psycho. (Full admission: I was a grammar schoolboy, so I walked under William of Wykeham’s motto “Manners Maketh Man” every morning from the age of 11. ) [I] Let’s face it. In a week, my daughter will use chopsticks as many times as she uses a fork. She’ll remember to raise the rice bowl to her mouth for Chinese but not Korean, gulp ramen(拉面) to mix the soup, hold a wine glass by the stem, text me with a picture of a “fish knife” and the quite reasonable message “WTF”. She’ll eat “sharing concepts”, negotiate tapas(西班牙小吃) or family-style, or just sit in the car park of a fast-food joint where the only other human present at dinner is talking through bulletproof(防弹的) glass and a headset. I’m in awe of her. Her actions made me reconsider what really defines table manners. [J] Of course, manners are important. Manners still Maketh Woman, but we need to make them simpler and fit for purpose. I suggest a single rule that must never be broken under any circumstances: Never judge another human being by their behaviour at table. After that, all bets are off. 【原创 阅读理解】 1. How does the father's behavior contribute to the author's reflection on manners? A.The father's strictness affirmed the importance of manners. B.The father's actions led the author to doubt strict manners. C.The father's kindness reinforced the value of good manners. D.The father's actions did not influence the author's thoughts. 2. What is the significance of the phrase "Manners Maketh Man"? A. It shows manners shape character. B. It suggests manners above all else. C. It means manners must be strict. D. It implies wealth over manners. 3. Why does the author admire the daughter’s approach to different dining situations? A. She maintains the same manners everywhere. B. She rejects traditional dining practices. C. She adjusts her manners to fit each context. D. She ignores the norms of table etiquette. 4. What solution does the author propose for modern manners? A. Restoring old-fashioned manners. B. Making manners stricter for everyone. C. Forgetting about manners completely. D. Simplifying manners for daily use. 【原创 语法填空】 A few weeks ago, while dining alone, I sat next to a family with small children. We exchanged brief glances and a few words, but as the meal ____1____ (continue), I grew increasingly uncomfortable—not because of the children, but due to their father’s overly loud and exaggerated scolding over "table manners." This experience led me to question ____2____ society places such heavy emphasis on manners. There is ____3____ endless demand for advice on proper behavior, ____4____ (drive) by social insecurities. Figures like Emily Post and “Miss Manners” built their careers on catering to these ____5____ (anxiety). Personally, I learned most of my manners from school and a mix of influences, including The Official Sloane Ranger Handbook and American Psycho. ____6____ (reflect) on this, I realized that while manners are essential, they are often too complicated. My daughter, on the other hand, navigates dining situations with remarkable adaptability—____7____ using chopsticks, gulping ramen, or texting me about ____8____ (familiar) eating tools. Her ease in switching between different cultural practices made me rethink the true purpose of manners. Ultimately, while manners matter, they should ____9____ (simplify) to better serve their purpose. I propose one unbreakable rule: never judge another person by their behavior ____10____ the table. Beyond that, all bets are off. 【原创·课标高频词训练】 1. She shifted ________ (uncomfortable) in her chair as the discussion became more heated. 2. The teacher ________ (scold) the students for not completing their assignments on time then. 3. As the argument escalated, his voice grew ________ (loud), drawing attention from everyone around. 4. The university's ________ (admit) process is highly competitive, with thousands of applicants every year. 5. His good ________ (manner) impressed everyone at the formal dinner party. 6. The company's ________ (behaviour) towards its employees has improved significantly after the management change. 7. The lake's calm surface, ________ (reflect) the surrounding mountains and trees, created a picture of perfect peace. 8. She had ________ (obvious) not prepared for the presentation, as she struggled with basic points. 9. The two parties are currently trying ________ (negotiate) a deal that benefits both sides. 10. It is difficult ________ (judge) someone's character after just one meeting. 11. Despite being tired, she remained ________ (energy) throughout the entire event. 12. He was ________ (desperate) searching for a solution to the problem before the deadline. 13. Under no ________ (circumstance) should you reveal the secret to anyone. 14. Despite the risks, many people ________ (bet) on the stock market's continued rise. 15. He admitted to ________ (be) late for the meeting, but insisted it was due to unavoidable circumstances. 【梳理·外刊中的课标词】 词汇 中文意思 词汇 中文意思 uncomfortable scolding schoolboy reasonable loudly god define admission manner behaviour wine style reflect official obviously negotiate judge joint found exchange energy desperate contact constant concept circumstance bet being behave 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025高考英语一轮复习外刊阅读与词汇专练 专题13 餐桌礼仪，为何执着 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：社会文明 语篇类型：夹叙夹议 1. 精编外刊阅读 2. 阅读理解专项 3. 语法填空专项 4. 课标高频词专练 5. 外刊中的课标词 【精编·外刊阅读】 Mr Hayward’s Manual of Modern Manners （文章来源：Financial Times） 文中红色粗体为课标词，下面有专门的高频课标词训练和课标词梳理表格 [A] A couple of weeks ago, eating alone, I found myself sat next to a family with small kids. We made eye contact and exchanged low-energy words. But as the meal progressed, I became more uncomfortable. Not because of the behaviour of the kids, God no, but of the dad, who was loudly, in fact exaggeratedly, scolding his kids for their “table manners”. This made me reflect on why we place such importance on manners. [C] There’s obviously a constant market. People are always socially insecure and desperate for advice on how to behave. Ask Emily Post or “Miss Manners”, who capitalized upon the insecurities of their readers. But in truth, I picked up most of my behaviour from school and a weird combination of The Official Sloane Ranger Handbook and American Psycho. (Full admission: I was a grammar schoolboy, so I walked under William of Wykeham’s motto “Manners Maketh Man” every morning from the age of 11. ) [I] Let’s face it. In a week, my daughter will use chopsticks as many times as she uses a fork. She’ll remember to raise the rice bowl to her mouth for Chinese but not Korean, gulp ramen(拉面) to mix the soup, hold a wine glass by the stem, text me with a picture of a “fish knife” and the quite reasonable message “WTF”. She’ll eat “sharing concepts”, negotiate tapas(西班牙小吃) or family-style, or just sit in the car park of a fast-food joint where the only other human present at dinner is talking through bulletproof(防弹的) glass and a headset. I’m in awe of her. Her actions made me reconsider what really defines table manners. [J] Of course, manners are important. Manners still Maketh Woman, but we need to make them simpler and fit for purpose. I suggest a single rule that must never be broken under any circumstances: Never judge another human being by their behaviour at table. After that, all bets are off. 【原创 阅读理解】 1. How does the father's behavior contribute to the author's reflection on manners? A.The father's strictness affirmed the importance of manners. B.The father's actions led the author to doubt strict manners. C.The father's kindness reinforced the value of good manners. D.The father's actions did not influence the author's thoughts. 2. What is the significance of the phrase "Manners Maketh Man"? A. It shows manners shape character. B. It suggests manners above all else. C. It means manners must be strict. D. It implies wealth over manners. 3. Why does the author admire the daughter’s approach to different dining situations? A. She maintains the same manners everywhere. B. She rejects traditional dining practices. C. She adjusts her manners to fit each context. D. She ignores the norms of table etiquette. 4. What solution does the author propose for modern manners? A. Restoring old-fashioned manners. B. Making manners stricter for everyone. C. Forgetting about manners completely. D. Simplifying manners for daily use. 【答案】BACD 【导语】这篇文章通过一系列关于礼仪的观察和反思，讨论了现代社会中的餐桌礼仪的重要性及其演变。作者提出了简化和适应性的礼仪规则，以适应当今复杂多变的用餐环境。 1. 细节理解题。在[A]段中，作者提到当餐桌旁的父亲大声训斥孩子的餐桌礼仪时，自己感到越来越不舒服。这让作者反思为什么我们对礼仪如此看重，并最终怀疑过于严格的礼仪是否真的必要。因此，父亲的行为促使作者质疑严格礼仪的重要性。故选B。 2. 词义猜测题。在[C]段中，作者提到自己从小受到了“Manners Maketh Man”的影响，这句话意思是“礼仪塑造人”，强调礼仪对一个人性格和行为的重要性。因此，这句话表明礼仪在塑造人的性格和行为中起到了重要作用。故选A。 3. 细节理解题。在[I]段中，作者描述了女儿在不同的用餐场合中灵活调整自己的礼仪，例如在中餐时使用筷子，西餐时用刀叉，并且在各种餐饮场合中表现得体。作者对此表示敬佩，因为她能够根据不同的情境调整自己的礼仪，而不是僵化地坚持同一种礼仪。故选C。 4. 主旨大意题。在[J]段中，作者提议简化礼仪，使其更加适应现代社会的需求，并提出一个简单的原则：“永远不要根据他人的餐桌行为来评判他们。”这表明作者主张简化礼仪，使其更适合日常生活。故选D。 【原创 语法填空】 A few weeks ago, while dining alone, I sat next to a family with small children. We exchanged brief glances and a few words, but as the meal ____1____ (continue), I grew increasingly uncomfortable—not because of the children, but due to their father’s overly loud and exaggerated scolding over "table manners." This experience led me to question ____2____ society places such heavy emphasis on manners. There is ____3____ endless demand for advice on proper behavior, ____4____ (drive) by social insecurities. Figures like Emily Post and “Miss Manners” built their careers on catering to these ____5____ (anxiety). Personally, I learned most of my manners from school and a mix of influences, including The Official Sloane Ranger Handbook and American Psycho. ____6____ (reflect) on this, I realized that while manners are essential, they are often too complicated. My daughter, on the other hand, navigates dining situations with remarkable adaptability—____7____ using chopsticks, gulping ramen, or texting me about ____8____ (familiar) eating tools. Her ease in switching between different cultural practices made me rethink the true purpose of manners. Ultimately, while manners matter, they should ____9____ (simplify) to better serve their purpose. I propose one unbreakable rule: never judge another person by their behavior ____10____ the table. Beyond that, all bets are off. 【答案】 1. continued 2. why 3. an 4. driven 5. anxieties 6. Reflecting 7. whether 8. unfamiliar 9. be simplified 10. at 【导语】本文讲述了作者在一次独自就餐时遇到的经历，反思了社会对礼仪的重视，并讨论了礼仪的真正意义，提出了一个简化礼仪的建议。 1. 考查动词时态。句意：“随着用餐的继续，我越来越不舒服。”这里描述的是过去的情景，因此使用过去式，故填continued。 2. 考查宾语从句。句意：“这次经历让我质疑为什么社会如此重视礼仪。”这里需要用“why”引导宾语从句，表示“为什么”，故填why。 3. 考查冠词。句意：“对于如何正确行为的建议有着无尽的需求。”此处“demand”为可数名词，且“endless”以元音音素开头，因此使用不定冠词“an”，故填an。 4. 考查过去分词。句意：“这种需求由社会不安全感驱动。”此处“driven”作后置定语，修饰“demand”，表示被动含义，故填driven。 5. 考查名词复数。句意：“Emily Post和‘Miss Manners’等人靠迎合这些焦虑建立了自己的事业。”此处用名词“anxiety”的复数形式“anxieties”表示“焦虑”，与前文“这些”相对应，故填anxieties。 6. 考查非谓语。句意：“反思这一点，我意识到，尽管礼仪很重要，但它们往往过于复杂。”此处用“Reflecting”作状语，表示伴随动作，故填Reflecting。 7. 考查并列连词。句意：“无论是使用筷子、大口喝拉面，还是给我发短信……”此处“whether”引导让步状语从句，表示“无论是……还是……”，故填whether。 8. 考查形容词。句意：“她给我发短信询问那些不熟悉的餐具。”此处形容词“unfamiliar”用来修饰“eating tools”，表示“不熟悉的”，故填unfamiliar。 9. 考查动词不定式。句意：“它们（礼仪）应该被简化以更好地服务其目的。”此处用被动不定式“be simplified”表示“被简化”，故填be simplified。 10. 考查介词。句意：“不要以他们在餐桌上的行为来判断他人。”此处用介词“at”表示“在餐桌上”，与“the table”搭配使用，故填at。 【原创·课标高频词训练】 1. She shifted ________ (uncomfortable) in her chair as the discussion became more heated. 2. The teacher ________ (scold) the students for not completing their assignments on time then. 3. As the argument escalated, his voice grew ________ (loud), drawing attention from everyone around. 4. The university's ________ (admit) process is highly competitive, with thousands of applicants every year. 5. His good ________ (manner) impressed everyone at the formal dinner party. 6. The company's ________ (behaviour) towards its employees has improved significantly after the management change. 7. The lake's calm surface, ________ (reflect) the surrounding mountains and trees, created a picture of perfect peace. 8. She had ________ (obvious) not prepared for the presentation, as she struggled with basic points. 9. The two parties are currently trying ________ (negotiate) a deal that benefits both sides. 10. It is difficult ________ (judge) someone's character after just one meeting. 11. Despite being tired, she remained ________ (energy) throughout the entire event. 12. He was ________ (desperate) searching for a solution to the problem before the deadline. 13. Under no ________ (circumstance) should you reveal the secret to anyone. 14. Despite the risks, many people ________ (bet) on the stock market's continued rise. 15. He admitted to ________ (be) late for the meeting, but insisted it was due to unavoidable circumstances. 【答案】 1. uncomfortably 2. scolded 3. louder 4. admission 5. manners 6. behaviours 7. reflecting 8. obviously 9. to negotiate 10. to judge 11. energetic 12. desperately 13. circumstances 14. are betting 15. being 【梳理·外刊中的课标词】 词汇 中文意思 词汇 中文意思 uncomfortable scolding schoolboy reasonable loudly god define admission manner behaviour wine style reflect official obviously negotiate judge joint found exchange energy desperate contact constant concept circumstance bet being behave 词汇 中文意思 词汇 中文意思 uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的 scolding n. 责骂 schoolboy n. 男学生 reasonable adj. 合理的 loudly adv. 大声地 god n. 上帝，神 define v. 定义 admission n. 承认 manner n. 礼仪，举止 behaviour n. 行为 wine n. 葡萄酒 style n. 风格，方式 reflect v. 反思 official adj. 官方的 obviously adv. 显然地 negotiate v. 协商，谈判 judge v. 判断 joint n. (美)小餐馆 found v. 发现 exchange v. 交换 energy n. 能量 desperate adj. 绝望的 contact n. 接触，联系 constant adj. 持续的 concept n. 概念 circumstance n. 情况，环境 bet n. 打赌 being n. 存在，生命 behave v. 表现 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$