限时练6 必修第一册 UNIT 6(word练习) -【赢在微点】2025年高考英语大一轮复习顶层设计高考默写速记本（外研版2019）

限时练6　必修第一册　UNIT 6 限时20分钟 阅读　(2024·南京盐城一模)　体裁:说明文　主题语境:自然科学研究　难度:★★★☆ 　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 　　Scientists have shown how plants can protect themselves against genetic (基因的) damage caused by environmental stresses. The growing tips of plant roots and shoots have an in-built mechanism (机制) that spells cell death if DNA damage is detected, avoiding passing on faulty DNA. Plants have small populations of stem cells (干细胞) at the tips of their roots and shoots, which enable them to continuously grow and produce new tissues throughout their lifetime. These stem cells serve as ancestors for plant tissues and organs. However, any genetic faults present in the stem cells will continue to exist and be passed on permanently throughout the plant’s life, which could last thousands of years. Given the critical role of stem cells and their exposure to potentially dangerous environments at the growing tips of roots and shoots, safeguards are necessary to prevent stem cell faults from becoming fixed. Researchers Nick Fulcher and Robert Sablowski, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, aimed to uncover these protective mechanisms. Through experiments involving X-rays and chemicals, they discovered that stem cells were more sensitive to DNA damage compared to other cells. When DNA damage occurs, the cells have the capacity to detect it and cause programmed cells to die, preventing the propagation of the damaged genetic code to the rest of the plant tissues. This process has similarities to the safeguard mechanism found in animal cells, which has been broadly studied due to its relevance in preventing cancer. The identification of a similar protective system in plants is of great interest in the field of plant development. It also helps scientists develop plants that can better handle environmental stress. So knowledge of how plants deal with these stresses is of fundamental significance to agricultural science’s response to climate change. 1.What is the function of the in-built mechanism in plants? A. To produce more roots and shoots. B. To increase the overall lifetime of the plant. C. To enhance plant growth and nutrient intake. D. To stop genetic faults in stem cells passing on. 2.What can we know about stem cells in plants according to the text? A. They are relatively abundant in quantity. B. They are resistant to environmental stresses. C. They make quick response to DNA damage. D. They have the ability to repair damaged DNA. 3.What does the underlined word “propagation” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Spread. B. Change. C. Existence. D. Self-repair. 4.What does the last paragraph focus on? A. The way of dealing with climate change on the earth. B. The significance of identifying the protective system in plants. C. The method of ensuring plant survival under environmental stress. D. The urgency of developing plants that can handle environmental stress. 答案与解析　 科学家发现植物如何通过内在机制保护自身免受基因损伤的影响。 1.D　细节理解题。由第一段中的“植物的根和芽的生长尖端有一个内置的机制,如果检测到DNA损伤,就会导致细胞死亡,从而避免将有缺陷的DNA传递给下一代”可知,植物内置机制的功能是阻止干细胞中的基因缺陷遗传下去。故选D。 2.C　细节理解题。由第三段中“they discovered that stem cells were more sensitive to DNA damage compared to other cells”可知,植物干细胞对DNA损伤能做出快速反应。 3.A　词句猜测题。画线词上文提到当DNA受损时,细胞有能力检测到它,并导致程序化细胞死亡, 这样就不会影响植物组织的其他部分,即阻止了受损的遗传密码的传播。故画线词意思为“传播”。 4.B　主旨大意题。最后一段主旨是最后一句“了解植物如何应对这些压力对农业科学应对气候变化具有重要意义”,故最后一段的重点是识别植物保护系统的意义。 七选五　(2023·全国乙卷)　体裁:说明文　主题语境:植物　难度:★★★☆☆ 　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 　　Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. 　1　, but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive.  What are indoor plants? Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. 　2　.  Why are indoor plants good for you? Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “　3　. I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. 　4　.  Which plants can you grow? Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature—which is part of the joy of owning plants. “　5　,” Spoelstra says. “It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”  A. All plants are different B. Not only do they look beautiful C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding 答案与解析　 研究表明,室内植物可以通过改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助提升记忆力来促进人们的健康。本文主要介绍了种植室内植物的必要性和如何选择有益的室内植物。 1.B　根据上文的“in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home”和下文的“but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory”可知,设空处应指出室内植物是无名英雄的一个原因。结合选项并根据空后的but可知,该句是not only ... but (also) ...结构。B项(它们不仅看起来漂亮)衔接上下文,符合语境。故选B项。 2.D　根据上文的“Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter.”可知,在英国,许多室内植物不适合在室外生长,尤其不适合在冬季的室外生长。再结合本段标题可知,设空处应说明这些植物在室内生长会怎样。D项(相反,它们在温暖的室内生长得更好)符合语境。D项中的they代指前文的Many of these species,且D项中的“they grow better inside”与前文的“not ideally suited to growing outside”呼应, “where it is warmer”与前文的“especially in the winter”呼应。故选D项。 3.C　根据本段标题Why are indoor plants good for you?可知,本段主要介绍室内植物为什么对人有好处。根据下文的“plants around the house can really lift your mood”和“indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory”以及“pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases”可知,本段列举了在室内种植植物的很多具体好处,所以设空处应总结指出,种植室内植物有很多好处。C项(在室内种植植物有很多好处)引出下文列举的在室内种植植物的具体好处,衔接连贯,符合语境。故选C项。 4.E　上文提到盆栽植物可以通过去除二氧化碳等有害气体来净化周围的空气,它们还能去除绘画颜料或烹饪过程中的一些有害化学物质。设空处位于段尾,应承接上文继续介绍室内植物与空气净化的关系。E项(像白鹤芋和绿萝这样的植物表现优异)衔接上文,符合语境。故选E项。 5.G　根据本段标题Which plants can you grow?和下文的“It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”可知,设空处应与植物选择有关,还应提及下文It指代的具体内容。再结合下文的“它可以为人们的生活带来新的兴趣和焦点,并有助于建立家与自然之间的联系”可知,G项(了解每种植物的需求是非常有益的)衔接上下文,符合语境。故选G项。 语法填空　(2024·泰安质检改编)　体裁:记叙文　主题语境:人与自然　难度:★★★☆☆ 　　Hiking the Longji Rice Terraces (梯田) in southern China is something I would recommend for everyone to add to their bucket list. The name 　1　 (literal) means “Dragon’s Backbone” due to the fact that the rice terraces look just like a dragon’s scales, while the mountain’s summit resembles the backbone.  During my visit to Guilin, I decided to set out on 　2　 three-day hike through the famous Longji Rice Terraces. Known as the “Dragon’s Backbone”, the terraces were a spectacular sight as they stretched across the green hills in complicated 　3　 (pattern) looking like ripples of water.  The hike 　4　 (take) me through small villages set against the beautiful landscape. Local farmers were busy tending to the terraced rice fields that 　5　 (farm) for over 1,000 years. Along the paths, I passed orange groves and met friendly locals who offered me fresh lychees.  At night, I stayed in simple homestays run by farming families. Over multicourse meals 　6　 (feature) local specialties like sticky rice, I learned 　7　 (much) about the terraces and village life. The feeling of community spirit and 　8　 (connect) to the natural environment was unique.  Reaching the hike’s end after three full days, I felt a profound appreciation for these ancient agricultural wonders carefully built into the landscape 　9　 generations of families. The Dragon’s Backbone terraces provided me with unforgettable mountain views 　10　 cultural insights into rural China.  答案与解析　 文章讲述了作者在中国南方地区游览龙脊梯田的经历。 1.literally　考查词形转换。 空处作状语修饰动词means,应用副词, 故填 literally。literally “按字面,字面上”。 2.a　考查冠词。 hike在本文第一次出现,应用不定冠词, three-day是辅音音素开始的单词,应用不定冠词a。 3.patterns　考查名词的数。 pattern“图案”是可数名词,前面无表“一”的限定词,所以用复数形式。故填patterns。 4.took　考查动词的时态。句意:徒步旅行带我穿过美丽风景映衬下的小村庄。根据语境可知,此处描述的是过去的事情,所以用一般过去时,take“带,引领”的过去式为took。故填took。 5.had been farmed　考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知,that引导定语从句,修饰先行词the terraced rice fields,在定语从句中作主语,且与动词farm“耕种”之间为被动关系,应用被动语态,又根据空前的were和时间状语for over 1,000 years可知,应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been farmed。 6.featuring　考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词learned,故本空用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语meals与feature“以……为特色”之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词形式featuring,作定语,修饰meals。故填featuring。 7.more　考查比较级。 此处表示“我”了解了更多关于梯田和乡村生活的知识,故用much的比较级more“更多”。故填more。 8.connection　考查词形转换。 空处与spirit并列作介词of的宾语,应填不可数名词connection“联系”,作主语。故填connection。 9.by　考查介词。 此处表“由几代家庭精心打造”,应用介词by,引出发出动作者。 10.and　考查连词。句意:龙脊梯田为我提供了令人难忘的山景和对中国乡村的文化见解。根据句意可知,此处unforgettable mountain views和cultural insights into rural China为并列关系。故填and。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$