必修第一册 UNIT 4 Friends forever(word讲义) -【赢在微点】2025年高考英语大一轮复习顶层设计高考背重点（外研版2019）

UNIT 4　Friends forever 主题语境 良好的人际关系和社会交往 　提分背案1　背熟单词 识记单词 1.site n.网站 2.scene n.场景 3.update n.最新消息　vt.更新 4.pour v.灌,注,倒 5.maintain v.保持;维持 6.quality n.素质,品德 7.partner n.伙伴,搭档 8.teenager n. 青少年,十几岁的孩子 9.postpone v.使(事件、行动等)延期;推迟 10.click v.点击(鼠标) 11.digital adj.数字的;数码的 12.strike v.划(火柴)→struck/struck/stricken (过去式/过去分词) 13.drag v.拖,拉→dragged/dragged (过去式/过去分词) 14.pot n.锅 15.gram n.克 16.scar n.伤疤 17.forever adv.永远 18.slice n.片,薄片 　　　　　　 19.goods n.商品 20.bathwater n.浴水,洗澡水 21.destiny n.命运,天命 22.excerpt n.摘录,节录 23.saying n.格言,谚语,警句 24.diagram n.图解;示意图 25.proposition n.事业,生意 26.plain adj.简单的,朴素的 27.atmosphere n. 气氛,氛围,环境 拓展单词精准变形 1.familiar adj.熟悉的→(反)unfamiliar adj.不熟悉的→familiarity n.熟悉,通晓 2.adventure n.历险(经历),奇遇→adventurer n.冒险家→adventurous adj.有冒险精神的→misadventure n.厄运;恶运;不幸遭遇 3.prefer v.更喜欢→preference n.偏爱→preferred adj.首选的;有优先权的→ preferable adj.较适合;更可取→preferred/preferred/preferring (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 4.deliver v.递送;传送　vt.发表;助产;接生→delivery n.递送;传送 5.advance n.进步,进展　vt.发展;促进(生义) adj.预先的;事先的→advanced adj.高级的;高等的;先进的 6.significantly adv.重大地,显著地→significant adj.重大的;显著的→significance n.意义;重要性 7.enable v.使可能,使发生→able adj.能;有才能的→(反) unable adj.不能的 8.unusual adj.异常的,不平常的→(反)usual adj.通常的;往常的→usually adv.通常;经常 9.tend v.易于做某事,往往会发生某事→tendency n.倾向,趋势 10.illustrate v. (举例)说明,阐明→illustration n.图解,插图 11.inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的,启发灵感的→inspired adj.卓越的,备受鼓舞的→inspire vt.鼓舞,激励,给(某人)创作灵感→inspiration n.灵感;启发灵感的人(或事物) 12.comfort n.安慰,慰藉　vt.安慰→(反) discomfort n.不适　vt.使不安→comfortable adj.舒适的→comfortably adv.舒适地;自在地→(反) uncomfortable adj.感到不舒服的 13.humour n.幽默感→humorous adj.幽默的 14.patience n.耐心;忍耐力;毅力→patient adj.耐心的　n.病人→patiently adv.耐心地→(反)impatient adj. 不耐烦的;没有耐心的→impatience n.不耐烦 15.generosity n.慷慨,大方→generous adj.慷慨的;大方的→generously adv.慷慨地;大方地 16.anxious adj.焦虑的,不安的→anxiously adv.焦虑地,不安地→anxiety n.焦虑,不安 17.distance v.使与……保持距离,撇清和……的关系 n.距离→distant adj.遥远的,冷漠的 18.ordinary adj.普通的,平常的→ordinarily adv.普通地,平常地 19.fortune n.大笔的钱,巨款;机会;运气→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地→(反)unfortunate adj.不幸的→misfortune n.厄运;不幸 续表 拓展单词精准变形 20.dine v.进餐→dinner n.晚餐;宴会→diner n.就餐者 21.appointed adj.约定的,指定的→appoint vt.任命,约定→appointment n.约会;任命 22.bitterly adv.痛苦地,愤恨地→bitter adj.痛苦的→bitterness n.苦味;怨恨 23.ashamed adj.感到不好意思的,难为情的→shameful adj.可耻的;丢脸的→shame n.羞耻;惭愧;令人遗憾的事 24.unfold v.展开,打开;展示→(反) fold v.折叠→folding adj.可折叠的 25.location n.地点,位置→locate v.把……安置在;找出……的准确位置 26.surroundings n.周围的事物,环境→surrounding adj.周围的;附近的→surround v.包围,围绕,环绕 27.personality n.个性,性格→personal adj.个人的,私人的→personally adv.亲自;就本人而言→personalize vt.针对个人;个人化 28.prove v.证明,证实→proof n.证明;证据→proofs (复数) 29.acquire v.获得,得到→acquisition n.获得;得到;习得→acquired adj.已获得的;已成习惯的 30.pack vi.& vt.收拾(行李)　vt.包装　n. (商品的)纸包;纸袋;大包;一群→packed adj.挤满人的;有大量……的 31.correspond v.通信→correspondence n.通信;信件 32.passion n.强烈的情感,激情→passionate adj.热情的;热爱的 33.criminal n.罪犯→crime n.罪行 单词速记法 词性转换记忆法:动词前缀en-+形容词/名词=动词 语义记忆法:表示“情绪”的单词 ①anxious 　　　　焦虑的 ②delighted 欣喜的 ③disappointed 失望的 ④depressed 沮丧的 ⑤bored 厌烦的 ⑥excited 兴奋的 ①courage勇气→encourage鼓励 ②joy高兴→enjoy喜欢 ③danger危险→endanger危害 ④title称号;标题→entitle给……命名 ⑤able能够的→enable使能够 ⑥sure确信的→ensure确保 ⑦rich丰富的→enrich使富裕 ⑧large大的→enlarge使扩大 1.prefer vt. 较喜欢　preference n. 喜爱;偏爱 1)prefer sth. to sth.比起某物来更喜欢某物 prefer doing/to do sth.更喜欢做某事 prefer doing sth. to doing sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 prefer sb./sth. to do sth.更希望某人/某物做某事 宁愿做 某事而 不愿做 某事　 2)have a preference for ...偏爱……;喜爱…… in preference to而不是,优先于 give preference to优先考虑 ①I’m wondering how many periods of the course there are each week, for I prefer ____________ (have) some time at my disposal.我想知道这门课每周有几节课,因为我更喜欢有一些时间由我自由支配。(咨询信) ②As you have a ____________ (prefer) for traditional Chinese culture, your suggestions will be greatly helpful to us.因为你喜欢中国传统文化,你的建议将对我们大有帮助。(2021·全国甲卷求助信) ③Though very frightened, we preferred to throw the garlic bread at the bear rather than shoot it.虽然我们非常害怕,但我们宁愿把蒜蓉面包扔向熊,而不是开枪。(2021·浙江卷续写) 2.advance n. ①前进;发展　②进步　vi. ③前进;发展;进展　vt. ④发展;促进;推动　⑤提前 1)in advance (of ...)预先/提前(于……) make advances in ...在……方面取得进步 2)advance on/upon/towards/through朝……前进 advance in ...在……方面取得进步 ①You’d better sign up for the ____________ (advance) course in advance.你最好提前报名参加高级课程。(通知) ②The lecture has done much to advance our understanding of Chinese calligraphy.这场讲座大大提高了我们对中国书法的认识。(报道) ③As I stepped out of the car, Lucky barked madly and ____________ (advance) towards me.当我下车时,Lucky狂吠着向我走来。 3.acquire vt. 获得;购得 acquire the habit of doing sth.养成做某事的习惯 acquire a good knowledge of学到……的知识;精通…… acquire a taste for开始喜欢上…… acquire a reputation for得到……的名声 acquire success获得成功 ①Ray had little talent but labored to acquire the skills of a writer.雷伊没有什么天赋,但是他努力掌握一名作家应具备的技能。 ②I have acquired ____________ good knowledge of English, enabling me to communicate with foreigners smoothly.我的英语很好,使我能顺利地与外国人交流。(自荐信) 4.prove vt. ①证明;展现;证实　②证明是(用作系动词) 1)prove sth. to sb.向某人证明某事 prove sb./sth. (to be)+adj./n.证明某人/某物…… prove that/wh-从句证明…… It is proved that ...据证明…… 2)prove (to be)+n./adj.证明是;结果是 3)There is no proof that ...没有证据表明…… ①Online learning ____________ (prove) an important means for people to acquire knowledge and solve problems.网络学习已证明是人们学习知识和解决问题的重要手段。(2021·全国乙卷发言稿) ②The accident proved to me that nothing is more precious than life.这次事故向我证明了生命最珍贵。(续写主旨升华) 5.comfort n. ①安慰　②令人感到安慰的人或事物　③舒服;安逸　vt. ④安慰;抚慰 1)be a comfort (to sb.) (对某人)是安慰 in comfort舒适地;放松地 in the comfort of在……的舒适中 it’s a comfort to do sth.做某事是件令人安慰的事 2)comfort ... with ...用……安慰…… 3)be/feel comfortable with sb./sth.和某人在一起很自在/对某物运用自如 make oneself comfortable别拘束,别客气 ①He couldn’t think of anything to say to comfort him.他不知道说什么话来安慰他。 ②With this ____________ (comfort) thought, Harry fell asleep.怀着这个宽心的想法,哈利进入了梦乡。 ③He shivered and turned over, trying to get ____________ (comfort), his stomach rumbling with hunger.他瑟瑟发抖,辗转反侧,总想舒服些,肚子又饿得咕咕直叫。 6.anxious adj. ①焦虑的;不安的　②焦急的;急切的 1)be anxious about/for ...为……担心/担忧 be anxious to do sth.急于做某事 give sb. an anxious look焦急地看了某人一眼 2)with anxiety (=anxiously)焦虑地 anxiety for sth.对……的渴望 ①We couldn’t contain our excitement, anxious to witness the final surprise.我们兴奋不已,急于见证最后的惊喜。 ②A look of ____________ (anxious) passed across his face.他脸上闪过一丝焦虑的神情。 ③He looked around ____________ (anxious) and saw that everyone else looked terrified, too.他焦急地看了看周围,看到其他人也都惶恐不安。 7.distance n. 距离 1)in the distance在远处 from a distance从远处;隔开一段距离 within walking/driving distance步行/开车可及 2)keep sb. at a distance对某人冷淡;与某人疏远;与某人保持一定距离 keep sb.’s distance from ...与……保持距离 3)distance oneself/sb. from ... 与……疏远;撇清自己(和……)的关系 ①Chet sat quietly for hours staring into the distance.切特静静地坐了几个小时,凝视着远方。(续写动作描写) ②Uncle Paul warned us to keep our distance ____________ the forest which was ____________ long distance from the farm.保罗叔叔警告我们远离离农场有些远的森林。(浙江卷续写) ③He firmly distanced himself from these events, making us quite shocked.他坚决撇清了和这些活动的关系,使我们大为震惊。 8.patience n. 耐心;忍耐力;毅力 1)with patience=patiently耐心地 out of patience没有耐心 run out of/lose patience失去耐心 have the/no patience to do sth.有/没有耐心做某事 have little/no patience with sb.受不了某人 2)be patient with sb.对某人有耐心 be patient of sth.忍受/忍耐某事 ①She was usually patient ____________ her students and never made them disappointed.她对学生通常很有耐心,从来不让他们失望。(写人短文) ②She gave me a comforting smile and nodded while listening patiently/with patience.她给了我一个安慰的微笑,一边点头一边耐心地听着。(续写神态描写) ③She gave a(n) ____________ (patient) glance at Mike and stormed out of the room.她很不耐烦地瞥了麦克一眼,然后冲出了房间。 9.drag vt. ①拖;拽　vt.&vi. ②缓慢而费力地移动 drag oneself to/into/out of ...费力地走到/进/出…… drag sb./sth. away/along/through拖着某人/某物…… drag sb. to/into ...硬拉某人去…… drag by过得很慢 drag on拖延;持续长久 ①The guide dragged himself slowly to the kitchen.向导慢慢朝厨房挪动。(续写动作描写) ②Laughing like a maniac, he dragged Harry back upstairs.他把哈利拽回楼上,笑得像个疯子。 ③My parents dragged me into the stupid movie. I was seized by boredom.我爸妈拉我来看了一部烂片。我无聊透了。(续写情感描写) ④The following week dragged ____________.在接下来的一个星期简直度日如年。 10.strike vi.& vt. ①敲响　②报时　③擦,划(火柴)　④侵袭;突击　vt. ⑤击打　⑥给……以……印象　 ⑦使想到/意识到　vi. ⑧罢工　n. ⑨罢工;罢课　⑩袭击 1)be struck by/with ...被……击中;被……打动 It strikes sb. that ...某人突然想起…… strike ... into one’s heart使某人对……刻骨铭心 strike sb. as (being) ...给某人的印象是…… 2)be/go on strike在/举行罢工 ①____________ (strike) by your talent for music, I can hardly wait to invite you to the music festival.我对你的音乐天赋印象深刻,迫不及待地想邀请你参加音乐节。(邀请信) ②Mount Tai has struck its beauty into my heart; as a result, ____________ strikes me that I will visit it again.泰山的美让我刻骨铭心,所以我想我会再次游览泰山。(游记) 答案:1.①having/to have　②preference　2.①advanced　③advanced　3.②a　4.①has proved　5.②comforting　③comfortable　6.②anxiety　③anxiously　7.②from; a　8.①with　③impatient　9.④by　10.①Struck　②it 　提分背案2　背熟短语和句式 动词短语 1.long for　　渴望 2.keep in mind 记住 3.ought to do 应该,应当做 4.make one’s fortune 发财 5.hear from 收到……的来信 6.come up with 想出;提出 7.turn up (意外地或终于)出现 8.stay in touch with保持联系 9.pour ... into ... 把……倒入…… 10.work out 弄懂;计算出;制定出;锻炼;结果 11.lose track of 不了解……的情况,不了解……的动态 12.throw the baby out with the bathwater 不分良莠一起抛弃 介词短语和其他 13.be up to sth.忙于某事;正在干 14.social media 社交媒体 15.be set in 以……为背景 16.thanks to 归功于……, 多亏…… 17.be ashamed of 为……感到难为情 18.be worth it 值得 11.短语1　keep in touch (with ...) (与……)保持联系;了解(某课题或领域的情况) 1)stay/be in touch (with) (与……)保持联系 2)lose touch (with) (与……)失去联系 be out of touch with与……失去联系 3)get in touch with与……取得联系 ①Equally important is to meet personally though we have been ____________ touch in various ways.尽管我们以多种方式保持联系,但见面同样重要。(短文) ②Much to our surprise, after two years of silence, he suddenly got in touch with us again.令我们惊讶的是,两年杳无音信之后,他突然又跟我们取得了联系。(续写情感描写) 12.短语2　pour into 把……倒入 [pour vt. ①倒;注;灌　vi. ②(水等)不断流出; (烟等)被吐出　vi. ③不断涌向/涌现　vi. ④(雨)倾盆而下] pour out (of)涌出 pour down流下;倾泻而下 pour sth. into sth.把……倒入……中;向……投入大量金钱;大量投资于 pour out one’s troubles倾诉某人的苦恼 ①Crowds of people poured into the street.人们成群结队涌上街头。 ②It was pouring (with rain)/The rain was pouring down so I accepted his offer of a lift.天正下着瓢泼大雨,所以我领了他的情,搭了他的便车。 ③Tears poured down her face as I poured out my troubles.我倾诉我的苦恼时,眼泪在她脸上哗哗地流。(续写神态描写) 13.句式1　What if ...?如果……会怎么样?/如果……怎样? What if the only way of getting news from faraway friends was writing letters that took ages to be delivered?如果唯有通过写信和漫长的等待才能得知远方朋友的消息,你会怎样?  What if+完整的句子,有如下含义: 1)意为“如果……会怎么样呢/怎么办?”(多用于指令人不愉快的事情发生) 2)意为“如果……怎样?”(用于表示建议) ①A horrible thought struck Harry. What if he wasn’t chosen at all?哈利突然生出一个可怕的念头。如果他根本没被选中会怎么样呢? ②Everything that could happen flashed through my mind. What if she got injured during practice? What if the other players on the team failed to accept her?可能发生的一切在我脑海中闪过。如果她在训练中受伤了怎么办?如果其他球员不接受她怎么办? 14.句式2　way作先行词,后接定语从句 Although technology has changed the way we acquire friends, the meaning of friendship and our longing for friends remain the same.尽管技术改变了我们交朋友的方式,但友谊的意义和我们对友谊的渴望依然不变。  1)way表“方式;方法”,在定语从句中作先行词时,定语从句中缺少方式状语,其后用in which/that引导定语从句,也可省略关系词,此时关系词在从句中作状语。 2)way后接定语从句时,如关系词在从句中作主语或宾语则用关系代词that/which,关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略。 3)the way to do sth./of doing sth.做某事的方法/方式 have a long way to go有很长一段路要走 ①This film provides foreign audience with a fresh way of better knowing/to better know China’s past and present.这部电影为外国观众提供了一种更好地了解中国过去和现在的新方式。(影评) ②She lowered her head, ashamed of the way ____________ she behaved at the party.她低下头,为自己在晚会上的行为羞愧不已。(续写情感描写) ③Before leaving the lab, he checked the data in a way ____________ impressed me deeply.在离开实验室前,他核查数据的方式让我印象深刻。(2022·浙江卷续写) 答案:11.①in　14.②that　③that/which 　提分背案3　练背读后续写满分素材 ——情感细节描写之“恐惧、惊恐”(一) 形容词 afraid, alarmed, scared, scary, frightened, frightening, fearful, panicked, terrified, terrifying 动词/名词 fear, scare, fright, frighten, terror, terrify, panic, tremble/shake/shiver发抖, freeze吓呆, sweat出汗 短语 ①be scared out of one’s wits吓得魂不附体; ②be seized with panic惊慌失措; ③be numb with fear吓呆; ④swallow one’s fear抑制住恐惧 头发;脸 ①(make) one’s hair stand on end (使)某人毛骨悚然; ②(face) went white/pale (脸)变得苍白; ③be dead with fright吓得面无人色; ④scared white face惊恐煞白的脸 眼睛; 嘴巴 ①(eyes) be full of/be filled with horror (眼里)满是恐惧; ②cast a terrified look at惊恐地看了……一眼; ③let out a scream of terror发出惊恐的尖叫; ④one’s mouth (fell) open in horror/with terror吓得/惊恐地张口结舌 心/血 ①heart raced/beat/pounded wildly/violently with fear心吓得怦怦跳; ②one’s heart in one’s mouth心提到嗓子眼儿; ③one’s heart be stuck in one’s throat心卡在嗓子眼儿; ④one’s heart gave a horrible jolt心猛地一颤; ⑤blood froze血液凝固 用表“恐惧、惊恐”的表达补全下面的微场景并背诵 微场景7 | “救人脱险”主题中的“恐惧、惊恐” Suddenly, the base of the pole burst into flames! Diaz ①____________ (shiver) with a chill of fear. He knew it carried thousands of volts (伏特). He thought of his wife and five-year-old son at home, ②___________________________ (他的心猛地一颤,独立主格). “But I can’t leave her here,” he thought. In a flash he ③___________________________ (忍住恐惧) and stepped toward Rena. As he did, the powerful current stung his feet. But he didn’t stop. 微场景8 | “被猛兽追赶”主题中的“恐惧、惊恐”——浙江卷续写“遭遇北极熊”片段 As the polar bear approached, I stopped dead. ④___________________________ (恐惧万分,无灵主语句). I turned to my wife, and ⑤___________________________ (看见了她惊恐、煞白的脸). “Come on, run, run!” I yelled, ⑥___________________________ (声音里含着无法抑制的恐惧,形容词短语作状语). I tried to pull her away, but she couldn’t move, ⑦___________________________ (嘴巴惊恐地张得老大,独立主格). 答案:①shivered　②his heart giving a horrible jolt　③swallowed his fear　④Fear flooded over me　⑤saw her scared white face　⑥unable to keep the fear out of my voice　⑦her mouth open with terror 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$