必修第一册 UNIT 1 A new start(word讲义) -【赢在微点】2025年高考英语大一轮复习顶层设计高考背重点（外研版2019）

必|修|第一册 UNIT 1　A new start 主题语境 学校生活 　提分背案1　背熟单词 识记单词 1.stage n.舞台 2.poster n.海报 3.facility n.设施;(生义)场所 4.campus n.校园 5.former adj.从前的 6.moment n.某一时刻 7.topic n.话题,论题 8.award n.奖,奖赏 9.author n.作者,作家 10.opportunity n.机会,时机 11.senior adj. (地位、水平或级别)高的,高级的 12.drama n.戏剧 13.forward adv.向前;(生义) vt.促进;增进 14.gain v.获得;赢得　n.好处;增加 15.figure v.认为,以为　n.数字;人物 16.struggle v.奋斗,拼搏　n.斗争;奋斗 17.debate n.& v.讨论,辩论 18.neat adj.好的,令人愉快的 19.exchange v. 意见、信息等交流 n.交换;交流;互访 20.panic n.惊恐,惊慌　v. (使)惊慌,惊慌失措→panicked/panicked/panicking (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 　　　　　　　 21.insect n.昆虫 22.dolphin n.海豚 23.rainbow n.彩虹 24.dinosaur n.恐龙 25.badminton n.羽毛球 26.photography n.摄影 27.committee n.委员会 28.junior adj.低年级的 29.hint n.有益的建议 30.band n.乐队;乐团 31.journal n.日记;日志 32.engine n.发动机,引擎 拓展单词精准变形 1.eagerness n.热切,渴望→eager adj.热切的,渴望的→eagerly adv.热切地,渴望地 2.impression n.印象,感想;(生义)压痕→impress vt. 使钦佩;给……留下深刻印象　vi.留下印象;引人注目→impressive adj.印象深刻的;令人敬佩的→impressively adv.令人敬佩地;给人印象深刻地 3.organise vt.组织;筹备;安排;组建　vi.组建;成立→organiser n.组织者→organisation n.组织;团体;机构→ organisational adj.组织方面的(能力、方法等)→organised adj.有条理的;有组织的→(反) disorganised adj.杂乱无章的 4.collection n. (一批)收藏品;作品集,收集物→collect v.收集;收藏;取,接某人→collector　n.收集者;收藏家→collective adj.集体的;共有的;总体的 5.explore v.考察,探险→explorer n.探索者;勘探者→exploration n.探索;勘探 6.tradition n.传统→traditional adj.传统的→traditionally adv.传统上 7.breathe v.呼吸→breath n.呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的,喘不上气来的→breathlessly adv.气喘吁吁地 8.curious adj.好奇的→curiously adv.好奇地→curiosity n.好奇心;好奇;古玩;古董 9.challenge n.挑战;艰巨任务vt.怀疑;向……挑战→challenger n.挑战者→challenging adj.有挑战性的;挑衅的→challenged adj.受到挑战的;有残疾的 10.pressure n.压力　vt.逼迫→press　vt.压,按→pressed adj.紧缺的;压平的→pressing adj.紧急的;急迫的 11.calm adj.镇静的,沉着的→calmly adv.镇静地,沉着地→calmness n.镇静 12.description n.描述,描写,叙述,形容→describe vt.描述;形容→descriptive adj.描述性的;叙述性的 13.confident adj.有信心的,自信的→confidently adv.有信心地,自信地→confidence n.信心;自信;(生义)秘密,机密 续表 拓展单词精准变形 14.intelligent adj.有智慧的,聪明的→intelligence n.智慧;智力 15.investigate v.查明,调查→investigation n.调查→investigator n.调查者 16.various adj.各种各样的;各种不同的→vary vi.相异;多变;改变→variety n.多种式样;变化→varied adj.多变的→ variation n.变化,变更,变异 17.apply vi.申请;适用　vt.应用;使用;涂;敷→application n. 申请(表);用途;运用;应用(程序)→applicant n.申请人 18.volunteer n.志愿者,义务工作者,自愿参加者→voluntary adj.志愿的,义务的→voluntarily adv.自愿地;无偿地;义务地 19.sharp adj.敏锐的,聪明的→sharply adv.敏锐地;急剧地;严厉地→sharpen vt.削尖;使锋利;加强;提高;改善 20.argue v.争论,争辩→argument n.争论;争吵→arguable adj.可论证的→arguably adv.可论证地;按理 21.graduate v.毕业　n.毕业生→graduation n.毕业 22.particular adj.特定的,特指的;特别的;讲究的;(生义) n.细节,详情→particularly adv.特别地 23.select v.选择,选拔→selection n.选择→selective adj.选择性的;认真挑选的 24.performance n. (工作或活动中的)表现;表演;演技→perform vi.& vt.表现;表演;履行;执行→performer n.表演者 25.specific adj.具体的,特定的→specifically adv.具体地;特定地 26.improve v.改善,改进→improvement n.改善;改进;提高 27.frightened adj.受惊的,害怕的→frighten vt.使害怕→frightening adj.令人害怕的→fright n.惊吓;恐怖的经历 28.refer v.提到,谈到→referred/referred(过去式/过去分词)→reference n.参考;查阅 29.piano n.钢琴→pianist n.钢琴家 30.subscribe v.订阅→subscription n.订阅 31.rate v.对……作评估;评价　n.速度;(比)率　vt.划分等级→rating n.等级;级别→underrated adj.被低估的 32.schedule n.计划表;进度表;日程表　vt.安排;为……安排时间→reschedule vt.重新安排;修改……的时间表 33.view n. (一次)观看;看法;意见;景色　vt.把……视为;看;观看→viewer n.观看者;电视观众 34.sight n.看到,看见;视力;视野;景象(生义) vt.看到→sighted adj.看得见的;有视力的→sightless adj.看不见的;盲的 单词速记法 词性转换记忆法:形容词词尾-ent变-ence =名词 语义记忆法:表示“受惊的,害怕的”的单词 ①frightened　受惊的;害怕的 ②terrified 恐惧;很害怕 ③alarmed 担心;害怕的 ④afraid 害怕的,担心的 ⑤horrified 害怕的,惊吓的 ⑥scared 害怕的 ①innocent天真的→innocence天真 ②absent缺席的→absence缺席;缺乏 ③evident明显的→evidence证据 ④convenient方便的→convenience方便 ⑤different不同的→difference不同 ⑥intelligent有才智的→intelligence才智 ⑦patient耐心的→patience耐心 ⑧silent沉默的→silence沉默 ⑨violent暴力的→violence暴力 ⑩diligent勤奋的→diligence勤奋 1.curious adj. ①好奇的　②奇异的;奇怪的 1)be curious about对……好奇 be curious to do好奇地做 It is curious that ...……真奇怪/很反常 2)with curiosity好奇地 out of curiosity出于好奇 arouse/satisfy one’s curiosity激起/满足某人的好奇心 ①Jane turned toward the boys, wide-eyed, curious to see what was going on.简转向男孩子们,睁大了眼睛,好奇地想看看发生了什么事。(续写情感描写) ②My ____________ (curious) got the better of me and I peeped inside.我抑制不住好奇心,向里边窥视。 2.impression n. ①印象;感想→impress vt. ②使钦佩;给……留下深刻的好印象　③使意识到(重要性或严重性等)　④使铭记 1)impress sb. with/by sth.用某物给某人留下深刻印象 impress sth. on/upon sb.使某人意识到…… impress sb. most最打动某人 2)be impressed by/with ...对……印象深刻 be impressed on one’s mind被印在某人脑海里 3)make/leave a(n) ... impression on ...给……留下……的印象 first/lasting impression第一印象/持久的印象 ①So fantastic are the paintings that I am deeply ____________ (impress) by the talent of the painters as well as the charm of traditional Chinese culture.这些画作极好,画家的才华和中国传统文化的魅力给我留下了深刻的印象。(2021·浙江卷宣传稿) ②The experience impressed ____________ me that hardwork will pay off one day.这次经历使我意识到努力总会有回报。(续写主旨升华) ③A thousand words will not leave so deep an ____________ (impress) as one deed.千言万语不如一个行动。(续写主旨升华) 3.breathe v. 呼吸→breath n. ①呼吸的空气　②呼吸 1)breathe in/out吸气/呼气 breathe a sigh of relief如释重负;松了口气 2)hold one’s breath屏住呼吸 catch one’s breath喘息;平复呼吸 lose one’s breath喘不过气来 take a deep breath深呼吸 take sb.’s breath away令某人惊叹 out of breath喘不上气,透不过气来 ①Out of breath, we reached the top of the mountain, from where the view took our breath ____________.我们上气不接下气地到了山顶,从山顶眺望,景色美得令人惊叹。(续写环境描写) ②Running all the way to school, Ann made it to her classroom, ___________________________.安一路跑到学校,终于上气不接下气地到了教室。(续写动作描写) 4.panic n. 惊恐;恐慌　vi.& vt. (使)惊慌　(panicked, panicked, panicking) 1)panic sb. into doing sth.使某人惊慌地做某事 panic at/about/over ...因……惊慌 2)in panic惊慌失措地 get into a panic惊慌失措 throw sb. into a panic使某人惊慌 ①Panic consumed/seized her./She ____________ (panic). She felt the blood in her body froze rapidly.她惊慌失措,感觉身体的血液迅速地凝固了起来。(续写情感描写) ②Everyone started laughing. I looked at them ____________ panic.大家笑了起来。我惊慌失措地看着他们。(续写情感描写) 5.confident adj. 自信的;有把握的;有信心的 1)be confident about ...对……有信心/有把握 be confident of (doing) sth.对(做)某事有把握/自信 2)have/lose/lack confidence in sb.对某人有/失去/缺乏信心 gain/win sb.’s confidence得到/赢得某人的信任 boost confidence增强信心 with confidence有把握地;满怀信心地 ①I feel confident of winning in the coming football game.我有把握在即将到来的足球赛中取胜。(告知信) ②The most beautiful thing you can wear is ____________ (confident).你能穿在身上最美的东西就是自信。(续写主旨升华) ③Taking a deep breath, David rose and walked to the track confidently/____________ confidence.大卫深吸了一口气,站起身来,信心十足地走向跑道。(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷续写) 6.argue vt.& vi. ①论证　②争辩;争论 1)argue for/against据理主张/反对 argue that ...(should) do sth.主张…… argue with sb.on/about/over sth.与某人争辩某事 argue/talk/persuade sb.into/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事 2)beyond argument无可争辩 It is beyond argument that ...……是无可争辩的。 have an argument with sb. (about/over sth.) (针对某事)与某人争吵 get into an argument争吵起来;陷入争论 settle one’s argument平息争论 ①It is ____________ argument that the Great Wall is the symbol of China.毋庸置疑,长城是中国的象征。(推荐信) ②I thought I could argue my parents into allowing me to use my money as I wished.我原以为我能说服我的父母允许我按照我自己的意愿花钱。(2021·浙江卷续写) ③As they argued ____________ each other in whispers, Harry moved around the room, only half listening.他们小声争论,哈利在屋里走来走去,漫不经心地听着。 7.apply vi.& vt. ①申请;请求　vt. ②应用　③涂(油漆、乳剂)　④努力;使专注于 apply ... to ...把……应用于……;涂/敷/擦……到……上 apply to ...适用于…… apply (to ...) for ... (向……)申请…… apply to do sth.申请做某事 apply oneself to (doing) sth.专心于(做)某事 ①I’m writing to apply for the voluntary job, which I think I am qualified for.我写信申请这个志愿工作,我认为我完全能够胜任该工作。(申请信) ②After applying a little ointment to his hand, Jeff soon applied himself to cleaning up the kitchen.杰夫在手上涂了一点药膏后,很快就专心打扫厨房。(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷续写) 8.struggle n.& vi. 斗争;奋斗;搏斗 1)struggle for ...为……而斗争/奋斗 struggle with/against sb./sth.与某人/某事做斗争 struggle to do sth.努力做某事 struggle to one’s feet挣扎着站起来 2)It is a struggle (for sb.) to do sth. (对于某人而言)做某事真是难事。 ①Despite many attempts, I still find it ____________ struggle to cook a tasty meal.即使尝试多次,我仍然觉得做好一顿美味的饭菜绝非易事。(2023·全国乙卷短文) ②Seeing Tom struggle out of his wheelchair, she struggled ____________ (hold) back her tears.看着汤姆艰难地下了轮椅,她竭力忍住不哭。(续写动作和神态描写) 9.exchange vt. ①交换;交流　②更换;兑换　n. ③交换;交流　④调换;兑换 1)in exchange (for ...)作为(对……的)交换;用来交换…… an exchange of ...……的交流/交换 2)exchange A for B以A换取/兑换B exchange sth. with sb.与某人交换某物 exchange ideas/greetings/looks/glances with sb.与某人交流思想/互相问候/互换眼色 ①What is needed is ____________ frank exchange of views.需要的是坦诚地交换意见。(建议信) ②Then followed the interactive session where students exchanged thoughts with each other.然后是互动环节,学生们互相交流想法。(活动介绍) ③Noah exchanged a look with Fagin, and darted out.诺亚和费金交换了一个眼神,然后冲了出去。(续写神态描写) 10.view n. ①(一次)观看　②视野　③景色　④看法　vt. ⑤看;观看　⑥欣赏　⑦看待 1)have/get a good view of ...清楚地看到;饱览 come into view进入视野;看得见 in view看得见 in view of由于;鉴于;考虑到 in one’s view/from one’s point of view在某人看来 2)view ... as ...把……看作…… be viewed as ...被看作…… ①On the way to the farm, attractive scenery came ____________ view, and you could imagine how thrilled we were.在去农场的路上,迷人的景色映入眼帘,我们兴奋不已。(续写写景) ②There was nobody ____________ view except some sheep in the grassland.草原上看不到一个人,只能看到几只羊。(续写写景) ③These mountains are a splendid sight when viewed from the valley floor.从谷底看上去,群山壮丽。(续写写景) 11.figure vt. ①认为;认定　②计算　n. ③人物　④数字　⑤身材　⑥画像 1)figure out弄清楚;理解;计算出 figure that ...认为…… 2)keep one’s figure保持体形 have a good figure身材好 a political/public/leading figure 一位政治/公众/领军人物 ①Among the Chinese historical ____________ (figure) that are widely acknowledged, Su Shi is the most influential one in my opinion.在我看来,在广为人知的中国历史人物中,苏轼是最有影响力的。 ②Pacing back and forth, I shook my head trying to figure ____________ what to do.我来回走着,摇着头,想弄清楚该做什么。 答案:1.②curiosity　2.①impressed　②on　③impression　3.①away　②out of breath/breathless　4.①panicked　②in 5.②confidence　③with　6.①beyond　③with　8.①a　②to hold　9.①a　10.①into　②in　11.①figures　②out 　提分背案2　背熟短语和句式 动词短语 1.take up　　　　　　　　　占据 2.hold up 举起 3.deal with 处理 4.take part in 参加 5.play a part 起作用 6.look back on 回顾 7.refer to 提到;谈到 8.go all out 全力以赴 9.come to an end 结束 10.turn out 结果是,证明是 11.make the most of 充分利用 12.look forward to 期待,盼望 介词短语和其他 13.in panic　　　　　　　　惊慌地 14.senior high 高中 15.at the sight of 看到 16.in particular 尤其,特别 17.around the corner 即将到来 18.one by one 依次地,一个接一个地 19.butterflies in one’s stomach 情绪紧张,心里发慌 20.in one’s eagerness to do 渴望做…… 12.短语1　refer to 参考;查阅;指的是;描述;提到 1)refer to a book/dictionary查阅书/词典 refer sth. to sb.把某物送交给某人 refer to ... as ...称……为…… be referred to as ...被称为…… 2)in/with reference to关于;根据……而论 ①Do remember the speech should be given without referring to the notes.切记演讲时不要参考演讲稿。(通知) ②Youth, referred to as my best friend, accompanies me through my whole high school.《青春》是我最好的朋友,它陪伴我度过了整个高中。(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷短文) 13.短语2　look forward to (+n./pron./v.-ing) 盼望…… (to是介词) 由介词to构成,后面加v.-ing/n./pron.的常见短语: be addicted to沉溺于 be used/accustomed to习惯于 get down to着手……;开始认真做某事 lead to通向,导致 pay attention to注意 stick to坚持 turn to致力于;求助于;转向 ①Looking forward to your prompt response.期待您尽早回复。 ②Get down to ____________ (study) hard, and you will get your studies improved.开始努力学习吧,你的成绩会有所提高的。(建议信) ③Mary turned ____________ the left and walked along the path leading to the huge garden with wide lawns and winding walks. 玛丽向左拐,沿着通往有宽阔草坪和蜿蜒小径的大花园的小路走着。(续写写景) 14.短语3　turn out ①关掉;熄灭　②在场　③生产　④使朝外　⑤结果是,证明是 turn out sb./sth.培养某人/生产/制造某物 turn out for ...出席参加…… turn out (+to be)+adj. /n.结果/原来…… It turns/turned out that ...结果;原来…… as it turns/turned out最后;后来发现;正如后来表明的;果不其然 ①It may be a difficult time, but eventually things will turn ____________ all right.这也许是段困难时期,但最终一切都会好起来。(建议信) ②____________ it turned out, David participated to the best of his ability in the race.最后,大卫尽最大努力参加了比赛。(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷续写) ③____________ turns out that helping others realize their dreams gives me more pleasure.事实证明,帮助别人实现他们的梦想让我更快乐。(续写主旨升华) 15.短语4　in particular 尤其;特别 particular adj.特殊的;特别的;挑剔的　n.细节;细目 1)in particular=particularly尤其;特别 2)be particular about/over sth.对某物讲究/挑剔 ①One of his paintings ____________ particular sticks in my mind.他有一幅画我记得特别清楚。 ②She was in a particularly good mood when she returned home.回到家时,她的心情特别好。 ③“We are very particular ____________ details here,”she said coldly.“我们这里很讲究细节,”她冷冷地说道。 16.句式1　be doing sth. when ... 正在做某事,这时(突然)…… I was looking at the photos on the noticeboard when I heard a voice behind me.我正看着布告栏上的照片,忽然传来一个声音。  1)在“was/were doing ... when ...”句式中,when用作并列连词,相当于and then或and just at that time。 2)其他结构相似的句式还有: 主语+ was/were about to do ... when ...=主语+ was/were on the point of doing ... when ...正要做……这时…… 主语+had just done ... when ...刚刚做了……,突然…… ①Chet ____________ (wipe) down the counter when the front door banged open. 切特正在擦拭柜台,突然前门被撞开了。(续写场景描写) ②They were on the point of putting up the tent in the open air when a loud whistle frightened them.他们正要在户外搭起帐篷,这时一声响亮的口哨声把他们吓坏了。(续写情感描写) ③Mother had just woken up ____________ she smelt an inviting smell of food.妈妈刚睡醒,就闻到一阵食物诱人的味道。(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷续写) 17.句式2　主语+be+too ... to ... ……太……而不能…… I had been too nervous to pay attention when he introduced himself!我太紧张了,以至于他介绍自己时我没有注意!  1)“too+adj./adv. (for sb.)+to do sth.”结构表否定的意义,意为“太……而不能……”,但当too ... to ...用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词如anxious、eager、glad、happy、pleased、ready、willing等时,不定式则表肯定意义。 2)adj./adv. enough (for sb.)+to do sth. (对于某人)足够……做某事 ①I am too pleased to help you improve your fitness.我很乐意帮助你提高身体素质。(建议信) ②As the saying goes,“It’s never too old to learn.”俗话说:“活到老学到老。”(续写主旨升华) ③Too embarrassed to face my family, I simply called over my shoulder to Dad that I was leaving.我很不好意思面对我的家人,我只是扭头对爸爸说我要走了。(续写情感细节描写) ④Then suddenly, the noise became loud enough to wake up the dead! Frightening!突然,声音大得能吵醒死人!太可怕了! (续写情感细节描写) 18.句式3　so ... that ... 如此……以至于……,引导结果状语从句 The teacher spoke so fast that I couldn’t take everything down.这个老师说得很快,以至于我记不下所有的东西。  1)so ... that ...句型的常见形式: so+adj./adv.+that ... so+adj.+a(n)+n.(单数可数名词)+that ... so+many/few/much/little (少) +n.(复数可数名词/不可数名词)+that ... 2)such ... that ...句型的常见形式: such+a(n)+adj.+n.(单数可数名词)+that ... such+adj.+n.(复数可数名词/不可数名词)+that ... 3)当“so+形容词/副词”或“such+名词短语”放在句首时,主句要用部分倒装。 ①So rapidly have science and technology developed that they have brought great changes to our life.科技发展得很快,给我们的生活带来了巨大的变化。(2022·全国乙卷短文) ②Fan Zhongyan is ____________ a role model that he always encourages me to be a man of noble character.范仲淹就是这样的榜样,鼓励我做一个品格高尚的人。(2023·全国甲卷写人短文) ③My writing was thought ____________ highly of that my heart swelled with pride.我的作品受到如此高的评价,因此我满腔自豪。(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷续写) ④Mother was so moved that her eyes were shining with tears of great joy.母亲感动得双眸满是喜悦的泪水。(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷续写) 答案:13.②studying　③to　14.①out　②As　③It　15.①in　③about　16.①was wiping　③when　18.②such　③so 　提分背案3　练背读后续写满分素材 ——情感细节描写之“高兴、快乐”(一) 形容词 pleased, joyful, glad, happy, delighted, cheerful, merry, overjoyed, bright 副词 happily, gladly, cheerfully, joyfully, merrily 名词 pleasure, delight, enjoyment, joy, happiness 动词 dance雀跃, beam眉开眼笑, grin咧嘴笑 神态 (eyes, face, tears) ①sparkle/twinkle/shine with joy/delight/happiness闪烁着喜悦的光芒; ②glow with happiness 洋溢着幸福; ③light up喜形于色; ④tears of happiness/joy高兴的泪水 心悦 (heart) ①be filled with delight/happiness/joy 满心欢喜; ②thump/pound/hammer with joy/happiness高兴得心怦怦跳; ③well up in one’s heart涌上心头 手舞 clap one’s hands in delight高兴地拍手 足蹈 dance/jump for/with joy高兴地雀跃/跳起来 用表“高兴、快乐”的表达补全下面的微场景并背诵 微场景1 | “校园生活”主题中的“高兴、快乐” ①___________________________ (脸上绽放出灿烂的笑容,blossom无灵主语句) as she scanned the room. “Thank you so much, everyone!” she ②___________________________ (高兴地说,副词). ③___________________________ (半是高兴,半是感激,形容词短语作状语), Eva felt welcomed and embraced on her very first senior high school day. Chase ④____________ (beam), aware that his small gesture had made Eva’s first day in her new school an unforgettable one. 微场景2 | “亲情”主题中的“高兴、快乐”——2021·新高考Ⅰ卷续写“母亲节的早餐”片段 The moment the mother opened her eyes, the twins ⑤___________________________ (高兴地喊,介词短语), “Happy Mother’s Day!” At the sight of the breakfast on the table, the mother ⑥_________________________________________________ (感到一股幸福的暖流涌上心头). ⑦___________________________ (眼里含着喜悦的泪水,独立主格), she gathered them in her arms and choked, “Thank you!” 答案:①A bright smile blossomed on her face　②said happily　③Half delighted and half grateful　④beamed　⑤exclaimed with/in delight　⑥felt a warm wave of happiness welling up in her heart　⑦Tears of joy in her eyes 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$