Unit 5 History and the World-高中英语选择性必修第四册同步练习册(重大版2019)
2024-08-19
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Theme C History and Future
Reading Actively
Match the words and phrases in the box with the definitions.
appealing disbelief shock horrified
bomb historic research perspective
1. terrified; frightened
2. attractive or interesting
3. a way of regarding situations or topics
4. the feeling of not being able to believe sth.
5. to study sth. carefully and try to discover new facts about it
6. important or likely to be important in history
7. a strong feeling of surprise as a result of sth. happening, especially sth. unpleasant
8. a weapon designed to explode at a particular time or when it is dropped or thrown
Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words in the box.
anxious particular connect recognise colour bore agree
1. The two men had not reached on any issues.
2. The children quickly got with staying indoors.
3. Some hospital patients experience high levels of .
4. flowers are dotted with spring.
5. We are grateful to him for his timely help.
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6. He glanced briefly towards her but there was no sign of .
7. Mexico City has excellent air and rail to the rest of the country.
Make sentences with the underlined parts.
1. Users can use them to surf online and search for maps and weather reports.
2. With the plan carried in our city, we can better appeal to people to reduce pollution.
3. Tamara stared at him in disbelief, shaking her head.
4. If you take on this project, it will mean a lot of extra work.
5. I found myself entirely in agreement with what he said.
6. In terms of his professional abilities, hes just no match for you.
7. All the students are required to turn in their homework tonight.
Read the passage and complete the tasks.
The of Tattooing (纹身)
In Maori mythology, tattooing emerges from the love between a chief called Mataora and Niwareka,
a spirit from Rarohenga, the underworld. Looking for adventure, Niwareka travelled to the upper world
and fell for Mataora, whom she soon married. All seemed well but one day, in a rage, Mataora struck
Niwareka and she returned angrily to Rarohenga. Full of regret, Mataora pursued her and, when he
arrived at her house, he found her father, Uetenga, busy tattooing. At that time tattoos did not exist
beyond the underworld; Mataoras face was decorated with designs but they were only painted on. After
the spirits laughed at Mataora for his wipe⁃clean body art, he asked Uetenga to give him a real tattoo.
The process was painful, but Mataora endured it and Niwareka forgave him. The lovers made peace
again and left Rarohenga behind. As they arrived back in the upper world, they brought with them tā
moko, the Maori art of facial tattooing, and Mataora became the first earthly tattooist.
Polynesia (波利尼西亚) is often thought of as the cradle of tattooing, but there are a great many
tattoo creation stories from elsewhere too. Among the native Mundurucú people of the Amazon, tattooing
comes from the creator Karusakaibo, who tattooed men to resemble him so they could imitate his
hunting skills. For the Mentawai people of Indonesia, tattooing was taught to the people by Pagete
Sabbau, the first shaman (萨满教巫师), though the people were not necessarily delighted by the all⁃
powerful magician. The mythological significance of tattooing is not limited to stories that relate how
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tattoos came into the world. Tattoos are part of wider creation myths that tie body art into the fabric of
the universe.
There are many varieties of these tattoo creation stories. Many cultures believe that tattoos are
associated with the existence of the human world: as long as there has been human culture, there have
been tattoos. In some traditions, it is only when youre tattooed that you can consider yourself fully
human.
1. Scan the passage and complete its title.
2. Match the words with the definitions.
1) rage A. a series of actions
2) pursue B. the place where sth. started
3) process C. a feeling of violent anger
4) endure D. being present in the world as a real thing
5) cradle E. to follow or chase sb. or sth.
6) existence F. to experience sth. painful or unpleasant
3. Translate the following sentences into Chinese with the help of a dictionary.
1) In Maori mythology, tattooing emerges from the love between a chief called Mataora and Niwareka,
a spirit from Rarohenga, the underworld.
2) The mythological significance of tattooing is not limited to stories that relate how tattoos came into
the world.
3) Tattoos are part of wider creation myths that tie body art into the fabric of the universe.
4) In some traditions, it is only when youre tattooed that you can consider yourself fully human.
Exploring and Using
Complete the sentences with proper words.
1. She looked up (anxious) as he came in.
2. I arrived at the station, only (find) the train had left.
3. The school is being built at used to be a wasteland.
4. I found her (search) for something when I saw her.
5. terms of quantity, production grew faster than ever before.
6. The children ran out of the room, laughing and (talk) merrily.
7. The restaurant was not appealing to me and (draw) me away from it.
8. We can never have good understanding of history without reading books.
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Fill in the blanks with proper words.
1. In China, the number of cities is increasing development is recognised across the world.
2. John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of are family members.
3. Can you think of some cases drivers obviously knew the traffic rules but didnt obey them?
4. The danger of driving is something worries me each time I travel.
5. is often the case, the war in Libya was followed by starvation and disease.
6. You will never gain success you are fully devoted to your work.
7. We should consider the students request the school library should provide more books on
popular science.
8. —I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.
—Thats I dont agree. You should have a more active life.
9. These guys are discussing in the next office will attend the conference on behalf of the
manager.
10. All finished, we sat down to enjoy we thought was the most delicious dinner.
Translate the following sentences into English.
1. 屋顶在暴风雨中被破坏的那座古庙现在正在修缮中。
2. 大学毕业后,我花了一段时间去旅行,结果证明这是一个明智的决定。
3. 迷路的小女孩决定留在原地等她的妈妈。
4. 我们为中国在过去十年所取得的成就感到骄傲。
5. 他发现阅读越来越困难,因为他的视力开始衰退了。
Fill in the blanks with proper words.
It was reported 1 there was an incident at a corner of the Rome Street this morning. No one
saw 2 on earth happened then. A car ran into a truck but fortunately, nobody got injured. 3
will be responsible for the accident is still under investigation. The police were uncertain about 4
the driver was guilty. 5 the police should do now is to find out 6 led to the accident. They said
it was difficult for them to judge because 7 the accident happened is not clear. Perhaps the reason
was 8 the driver was too tired to stop the car in time. The driver didnt admit the fact 9 he was
over⁃speeding driving at the turning. The police doubted 10 he said was true and decided to make a
further investigation.
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Read the passage and complete the tasks.
Zhang Qian, a Chinese explorer, was the first man to bring back a reliable account of the lands of
Central Asia to the court of China. He (send) by the Han Dynasty emperor Wudi in 138
B.C.E. to establish relations with the Yuezhi people, a Central Asian tribal group that spoke an Indo⁃
European language.
Captured by the Xiongnu, he was sent to prison for 10 years. Nevertheless, he managed to reach
his destination and returned to China after an absence of 13 years.
Seven years later he was sent on another mission, this time to the Wusun, another Indo⁃European
people living in the Ili River valley north of the Tarim Basin. In addition to (travel) himself,
he sent his assistant to visit the Fergana Valley (Uzbekistan), Bactria (Afghanistan), and Sogdiana
(west Turkestan, now in Uzbekistan). He gathered information on Parthia, India, and other states in
the area.
His mission ( bring) the Chinese into contact with the region of Hellenistic culture
established by Alexander the Great, opened the way for exchanges of envoys (使者) between these
Central Asian states and the Han, and led to the (introduce) into China of a superior breed
of horses and new plants, such as grapes and alfalfa (苜蓿).
1. Fill in the blanks with suitable words or phrases according to the context.
2. Fill in the blanks with a word from the passage. Change the form if necessary.
1) I finally made with her in Paris.
2) Our information comes from a source.
3) The school has a successful relationship with the local community.
4) The presence or of clouds can have an important impact on temperature.
3. Study the underlined parts in the following sentences and analyse their elements.
Example: (object) He gathered information on Parthia, India, and other states in the area.
( ) 1) Captured by the Xiongnu, he was sent to prison for 10 years.
( ) 2) a Central Asian tribal group that spoke an Indo⁃European language.
( ) 3) Nevertheless, he managed to reach his destination
( ) 4) Zhang Qian, a Chinese explorer, was the first man
( ) 5) another Indo⁃European people living in the Ili River valley north of the Tarim Basin.
Listening, Understanding and Communicating
Listen and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.
Hello, Im Jeff Anderson from Coventry, England. And in todays program, Id like to share with
you a special kind of English culture—the football. A lot of people in England are about
football. During the football season whenever there is a big match, all the for local football
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teams, such as Liverpool and Newcastle, are hung outside every window, or even spread on
T⁃shirts or scarves. There is an atmosphere of in the air. Groups of young men crowd into
dark, packed pubs staring at television screens. Of course they are covered head to in the
colours of their team. They shout and scream in sadness when their team loses a goal, or with joy when
there is a moment of success. You do not have to be a fan of football to get caught up in the excitement.
As far as victories are concerned, England had its big moment in in Wembley Stadium. The
World Cup victory is in the hearts and minds of all football fans. Now, whenever England is playing a
big match, red and white covers every inch of every pub, a symbol of —the English flag.
Read the passage and choose the correct answer to fill in each blank.
Whats the best gift I ever got? For me the answer is 1 . It was a high school graduation present
and gift⁃wrapped by my grandfather.
I tore open the paper. “Wow,” I said. “A spade (铁锹). Thank you.” He put his hand out for a
shake. “Stay close to the 2 . Dont be afraid to dig in and get a little 3 on you.” “Oh, I
wont,” I said. “I 4 to work in the yard. I love dirt!” It was true, but I laughed at how it sounded.
That fall, I went off to college, and that blade hung untouched on the wall in my parents garage.
A few years later, I got an office job. Eventually the spade 5 from my folks garage into my own. I
dug gardens and planted roses. The spade was nothing but a 6 . I was just 7 to have it, for I
didnt have to buy one.
Now, I still dig hard into the earth more often than ever. Its more than a( n) 8 workout
partner. Its a 9 of my family, one 10 rooted in agriculture. If Id gotten a gold coin instead,
itd be locked up or 11 . But a useful tool with a(n) 12 message about staying close to the
earth? Priceless.
A few months later my daughter will graduate, and she will work in another city. Shes knowledge⁃
rich but cash⁃poor, and I have something 13 to give her before she moves away.
Itll be 14 , of course, and Ill be ready with a few words of 15 wisdom. Theyll be worth
their weight in gold.
1. A. satisfying B. correct C. easy D. different
2. A. family B. farmer C. land D. wild
3. A. pressure B. dirt C. water D. sweat
4. A. love B. managed C. agree D. pretend
5. A. fell down B. made its way C. was out of place D. came into use
6. A. souvenir B. symbol C. decoration D. tool
7. A. glad B. eager C. amazed D. regretful
8. A. honest B. useless C. trusted D. unique
9. A. mirror B. reminder C. decoration D. burden
10. A. gradually B. temporarily C. proudly D. secretly
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11. A. held up B. used up C. picked up D. given up
12. A. exact B. memorable C. updated D. short
13. A. valuable B. ordinary C. new D. practical
14. A. wrapped B. accepted C. beautified D. torn
15. A. diverse B. collective C. conventional D. earthy
Listening, Speaking and Writing
Listen to the passage for the first time and complete its main idea.
The passage is mainly about .
Listen to the passage again and finish the blanks about what happened to John
Audubon.
On April 26, 1785:
At the age of 18:
In 1819:
Listen to the passage again and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.
1. He spent much of his childhood in where he spent many hours each day outdoors painting
pictures.
2. Well, actually, John began his life in the US as a .
3. At first, John spent his time for fun.
4. Then he found that the animals around were very beautiful, and he particularly enjoyed observing the
he saw.
5. We are now to have so many paintings of American birds by John Audubon.
Study the underlined parts and use them to make sentences about your favourite
historical figure.
1. Today Id like to share with you something about John Audubon.
2. John was born on April 26, 1785.
3. At the age of 18, he moved to the United States.
4. At first, John spent his time hunting for fun.
5. and he particularly enjoyed observing the birds he saw.
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Study the passage and write a short introduction of your favourite historical figure.
Step 1: Study the language feature of the passage.
Step 2: List the specific plots to introduce the figure. For example:
was born; moved to; began his life
Step 3: Use words like At the age of, At first, Then to connect the introduction.
Step 4: Write the first draft and revise it.
Step 5: Write the final draft.
Reading Further
Correct the mistake in each of the sentences.
1. These voyages left an important influence into the culture.
2. Under the help of the compass, he visited over 37 countries.
3. The year 2005 mark the 600th anniversary of Zheng Hes adventures.
4. Can you imagine how different world history might have turned out if Zheng He kept exploring?
5. The Chinese junks were much larger and advanced than the ships being built in Europe at the time.
6. This is a copy of the actual map used by Zheng He, whom led seven voyages between 1405
and 1433.
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Fill in the blanks with proper words.
1. This dress is really cheaper by (compare).
2. It marks the peak of historic Chinese ocean (explore).
3. He was one of the most (influence) performers of modern jazz.
4. She sat him up and made him (comfort) .
5. I can say that I use this (power) database almost every day.
6. I was (amaze) at her knowledge of English literature.
Translate the following sentences into English.
1. 他正在他那间小书房里批阅文章。 (mark)
2. 现在, 请举起你的右手, 从你的大拇指开始从十倒数。 (hold up)
3. 学生们提出了一系列问题。 (a series of)
4. 想说服她简直是徒劳。 (convince)
5. 北京是一个美妙的城市,值得好好探访一番。 (explore)
Read the passages and complete the tasks.
A
The Silk Road was a network of trade routes connecting China and the Far East with the Middle
East and Europe. It extended approximately 6,437 kilometres across some of the worlds most
breathtaking landscapes, including the Gobi Desert and the Pamir Mountains.
Established when the Han Dynasty in China officially opened trade with the West in 130 B.C.E.,
the Silk Road routes remained in use until 1453 A.D., when the Ottoman Empire boycotted (抵制)
trade with China and closed them. Although its been nearly 600 years since the Silk Road has been
used for international trade, the routes had a lasting impact on commerce, culture and history that
resonates even today.
An abundance of goods travelled along the Silk Road. Merchants carried silk from China to
Europe, where it dressed royalty and wealthy people. Other favourite goods included jade and other
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precious stones, porcelain, tea, and spices and—perhaps more importantly—language, culture,
religious beliefs, philosophy and science. In exchange, horses, glassware, textiles (纺织品), and
manufactured goods travelled eastward. Goods such as paper and gunpowder, both invented by the
Chinese during the Han Dynasty, had obvious and lasting impacts on culture and history in the West.
One of the most famous travellers of the Silk Road was Marco Polo. Born into a family of wealthy
merchants in Venice, Italy, Marco travelled with his father to China when he was just 17. They
travelled for over three years before arriving at Kublai Khans palace at Xanadu in 1275. Marco stayed
on at Khans court and was sent on missions to parts of Asia never before visited by Europeans. Upon his
return, Marco Polo wrote about his adventures, making him—and the routes he travelled—famous.
It is hard to overstate the importance of the Silk Road on history. Religion and ideas spread along
the Silk Road. Towns along the route grew into multicultural cities. The exchange of information gave
rise to new technologies and innovations that would change the world. The Age of Exploration gave rise
to faster routes between the East and the West, but parts of the Silk Road continued to be critical
pathways among varied cultures. Today, parts of the Silk Road have been listed on UNESCOs World
Heritage List.
1. Whats the writing style of this passage?
A. A narration.
B. A biography.
C. An exposition.
D. An argumentation.
2. What does the underlined word “resonates” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Changes. B. Remains.
C. Pauses. D. Softens.
3. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A. The Silk Road shaped todays society.
B. Its difficult to research on the Silk Road.
C. The Silk Roads roles are fading away.
D. The Silk Road have been playing an important part.
4. What is the best title of this passage?
A. The Silk Road.
B. Ancient Chinese Trade.
C. The Influence of Ancient Silk.
D. The Travels of Marco Polo.
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B
5. Look at the four pictures and summarise the quotes by filling the blanks.
1) We must the law of historical development.
2) Everyone ought to have a good of history.
3) The wheel of the history on and it never pauses for anyone.
4) We must learn from history and making the same mistake.
6. Answer the following questions.
1) What is your understanding of “History does not belong to us”?
2) What does the word “destined” mean?
3) Why are we made by history?
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Accumulating
Recommendation.
Puppies for Sale
A shop owner placed a sign above his door that said: “Puppies for Sale.” Signs like this always
have a way of attracting young children, and to no surprise, a boy saw the sign and approached the
owner. “How much are you going to sell the puppies for?” he asked.
The store owner replied, “Anywhere from$30 to$50.”
The little boy pulled out some change from his pocket. “ I have$2.37,” he said. “Can I please
look at them?”
The shop owner smiled and whistled. Out of the kennel came Lady, who ran down the aisle of his
shop followed by five teeny, tiny balls of fur.
One puppy was lagging considerably behind. Immediately the little boy singled out the lagging,
limping puppy and said, “Whats wrong with that little dog?” The shop owner explained that the
veterinarian had examined the little puppy and had discovered it didnt have a hip socket. It would
always limp. It would always be lame.
The little boy became excited. “That is the puppy that I want to buy.” The shop owner said, “No,
you dont want to buy that little dog. If you really want him, Ill just give him to you.” The little boy got
quite upset. He looked straight into the store owners eyes, pointing his finger, and said, “I dont want
you to give him to me. That little dog is worth every bit as much as all the other dogs and Ill pay full
price. In fact, Ill give you$2.37 now, and 50 cents a month until I have him paid for.”
The shop owner countered, “You really dont want to buy this little dog. He is never going to be
able to run and jump and play with you like the other puppies.”
To his surprise, the little boy reached down and rolled up one side of his trousers to reveal a badly
twisted, crippled left leg supported by a big metal brace. He looked up at the shop owner and softly
replied, “Well, I dont run so well myself, and the little puppy will need someone who understands!”
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My contribution.
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B: 5—8 BCAD
Ⅴ.
Developing Space Technology, Worthwhile or Not?
With the development of space technology, human beings are exploring further into the space. Those
space experiments and explorations cost huge sums of money, which, quite a number of people think, should
have been used to protect human natural environment and solve the problems we all are facing.
This might be true, but I think in the long run human will have to turn to other planets when all the
resources are used up. For example, human could make use of the mines on the Moon and conduct special
experiments in the space. Moreover, some of the new technologies employed in space could be used in our
daily life and thus created a better life for us.
All in all, space technology development is sure to benefit all human beings and it is well worth it.
Unit 5
Reading Actively
Ⅰ. 1. horrified 2. appealing
3. perspective 4. disbelief
5. research 6. historic
7. shock 8. bomb
Ⅱ. 1. agreement 2. bored
3. anxiety 4. Colourful
5. particularly 6. recognition
7. connection
Ⅲ. 1. Take your time to search for something that you want.
2. We need to appeal to a wider customer base.
3. “Are you joking?” she asked in disbelief.
4. No other organisation was able or willing to take on the job.
5. The goal of life is living in agreement with nature.
6. The job is great in terms of salary, but it has its disadvantages.
7. You must turn in your pass when you leave the building.
Ⅳ. 1. Origin
2. 1) C 2) E 3) A 4) F 5) B 6) D
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3. 1) 在毛利神话中,纹身源于一个名叫马托拉的首领和来自地狱拉罗亨加的精灵尼瓦瑞卡之间
的爱情。
2) 纹身的神话意义并不局限于讲述纹身是如何出现的故事。
3) 纹身是更广泛的创造神话的一部分,它将人体艺术与宇宙的结构联系在一起。
4) 在一些传统中,只有当你纹身的时候,你才能认为自己是一个完整的人。
Exploring and Using
Ⅰ. 1. anxiously 2. to find
3. what 4. searching
5. In 6. talking
7. drew 8. a
Ⅱ. 1. whose 2. whom
3. where 4. that
5. As 6. unless
7. that 8. where
9. who 10. what
Ⅲ. 1. The old temple whose roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair.
2. After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, which turned out to be a wise
decision.
3. The little girl who got lost decided to remain where she was and wait for her mother.
4. We are proud of what China has achieved in the past ten years.
5. He found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to fail.
Ⅳ. 1. that 2. what
3. Who 4. if / whether
5. What 6. what
7. why 8. that
9. that 10. what
Ⅴ. 1. was sent; travelling; brought; introduction
2. 1) contact 2) reliable
3) established 4) absence
3. 1) adverbial 2) attributive
3) object 4) appositive
5) attributive
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Listening, Understanding and Communicating
Ⅰ. crazy; flags; proudly; excitement; toe; 1966; hope
Ⅱ. 1—5 CCBAB
6—10 DACBC
11—15 BBAAD
Listening, Speaking and Writing
Ⅰ. an introduction to John Audubon
Ⅱ. on April 26, 1785: John was born.
At the age of 18: He moved to the United States.
In 1819: John realised that he didnt have enough money to pay his bills.
Ⅲ. France; businessman; hunting; birds; lucky
Ⅳ. Omitted.
Ⅴ. Omitted.
Script:
Hello, everybody. Today Id like to share with you something about John Audubon. John was born on
April 26, 1785. He spent much of his childhood in France where he spent many hours each day outdoors
painting pictures. At the age of 18, he moved to the United States. Well, actually, John began his life in the
US as a businessman. However, instead of taking care of his business, John was often off exploring nature. At
first, John spent his time hunting for fun. Then he found that the animals around were very beautiful, and he
particularly enjoyed observing the birds he saw. He began studying them, trying to learn the differences between
the birds and noticing their different behaviours. Therefore, he painted the birds he observed a lot. In 1819,
John realised that he didnt have enough money to pay his bills. He was very upset that he couldnt earn enough
money to support his family. So he spent time improving his painting skills and began to sell his paintings. He
discovered that he could earn some money while doing something he really enjoyed. We are lucky now to have so
many paintings of American birds by John Audubon.
Reading Further
Ⅰ. 1. into 改为 on
2. Under 改为 With
3. mark 改为 marked
4. different 改为 differently
5. advanced 前加 more
6. whom 改为 who
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Ⅱ. 1. comparison 2. exploration
3. influential 4. comfortable
5. powerful 6. amazed
Ⅲ. 1. He is marking articles in his small study.
2. Now, please hold up your right hand and count backwards from ten starting with your thumb.
3. The students put forward a series of questions.
4. Its hopeless trying to convince her.
5. Beijing is a wonderful city and worth exploring.
Ⅳ. A: 1—4 ABDA
B: 5. 1) follow 2) knowledge
3) rolls 4) avoid
6. 1) History is objective, true and cannot be rewritten.
2) It means “certain to do something or certain to happen in the future”.
3) History shapes who we are and what we are.
Unit 6
Reading Actively
Ⅰ. 1. sum 2. incomplete
3. massive 4. metro
5. countryman 6. sense
7. luxury 8. belt
Ⅱ. 1. perspective 2. unavoidably
3. location 4. expansion
5. preparation 6. Participation
Ⅲ. 1. The indoor stadium is in the shape of lotus.
2. The body direction could not be set to right⁃to⁃left.
3. Stop pulling him about like that; hes a child after all.
4. These statements are, to some degree, all correct.
5. Im lucky to have the opportunity to participate in the competition on behalf of our school.
6. Dont you get bored of going to the same places?
7. She donated a large sum of money to the charity.
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