【人与自我：健康生活01】专题11 适量饮酒真的有益于健康吗？-2025年高考英语一轮复习外刊阅读与词汇专练

2025高考英语一轮复习外刊阅读与词汇专练 专题11 适量饮酒真的有益于健康吗？ 主题语境：人与自我 主题群：健康生活 语篇类型：说明文 1. 精编外刊阅读 2. 阅读理解专项 3. 语法填空专项 4. 课标高频词专练 5. 外刊中的课标词 【精编·外刊阅读】 Why many studies wrongly claim it’s healthy to drink a little alcohol （文章来源：New Scientist） 文中红色粗体为课标词，下面有专门的高频课标词训练和课标词梳理表格 [A] It is becoming clear that any amount of alcohol is harmful, so why do so many studies claim that moderate drinking could help you live longer? Drinking even small amounts of alcohol reduces your life lifespan, thorough studies show. Only those with serious mistakes suggest that moderate drinking is beneficial. That’s the conclusion of a review of 107 studies looking at how drinking alcohol affects people’s risk of dying from any cause at a particular age. [C] “People need to be sceptical of the claims that the industry has fuelled over the years,” says Tim Stockwell at the University of Victoria in Canada. “They obviously have a great interest in promoting their product as something that’s going to make you live longer as opposed to one that will give you cancer.” [F] By the 2000s, numerous studies of this kind had suggested that the relationship between drinking and the risk of dying at a particular age made a J-shaped curve. That is, if people drank a little then their risk of dying of any cause went down a bit compared with non-drinkers, but drinking more led to a sharp increase in the risk. Stockwell says he was convinced the science was settled at the time. But since then, he and others have shown that there are major flaws(瑕疵) in such studies. The main problem is that many studies compare people who no longer drink with those that still do, rather than with those who have never drunk alcohol. [K] In fact, his team found that just six of the 107 studies they reviewed adequately dealt with these sources of bias – and none of these six found any reduction in risk with moderate drinking. “The high-quality studies suggest a linear relationship,” says Stockwell. “The more you drink, the higher your risk of heart disease.” 【原创 阅读理解】 1. How does the author introduce the debate on alcohol’s effects on health? A. By openly declaring alcohol is harmful. B. By discussing age-related effects. C. By stating moderate drinking is helpful. D. By claiming alcohol has no impact. 2. What does the word “fuelled” most likely mean in the context of Stockwell’s statement? A. Investigated or researched B. Restricted or limited C. Promoted or intensified D. Ignored or overlooked 3. How does the comparison between different types of drinkers contribute to the flaws in the studies? A. It falsely shows moderate drinkers as healthier. B. It suggests all drinkers have similar health risks. C. It minimizes the health issues of non-drinkers. D. It ignores the health benefits of heavy drinking. 4. What overall conclusion does Stockwell reach about the safety of moderate drinking? A. It’s neutral in terms of overall health impact. B. It’s helpful to prevent some illnesses. C. It’s less harmless than previously believed. D. It’s considered safe for most people. 【原创 语法填空】 It is increasingly evident ____1____ any amount of alcohol is harmful, yet many studies still claim moderate ____2____ (drink) could extend lifespan. Comprehensive research shows that even small amounts of alcohol shorten life. ____3____ (claim) of benefits from moderate drinking often arise from flawed studies. ____4____ review of 107 studies on alcohol's impact on mortality concluded that only studies with significant errors suggest any benefit. Tim Stockwell of the University of Victoria in Canada ____5____ (advice) skepticism towards industry-backed claims, which promote alcohol as life-extending rather than a cancer risk. He emphasizes that the public ____6____ (provide) with misleading information for years. By the 2000s, numerous studies suggested a J-shaped curve, ____7____ light drinkers had a slightly lower mortality risk than non-drinkers, but the risk surged with higher consumption. Initially convinced by this, Stockwell ____8____ (late) found significant flaws in such studies, particularly the comparison of current drinkers to former drinkers rather than lifelong abstainers. Stockwell's team found that only six of the 107 studies adequately addressed these biases, and none showed reduced risk from moderate drinking. High-quality studies indicate a linear relationship: the more alcohol ____9____ (consume), the higher the risk of heart disease. The public should be wary of studies that fail to account ____10____ these critical factors. It is clear that alcohol poses significant health risks, regardless of the amount consumed. 【原创·课标高频词训练】 1. The manager looked at the proposal ________ (sceptical), unsure if it would bring the desired results. 2. Regular exercise is generally ________ (benefit) to both physical and mental health. 3. The medicine should be taken ________ (moderate) to avoid any potential side effects. 4. The drink was labeled as ________ (alcohol), so it was not served to minors. 5. The report was ________ (thorough) reviewed before being published to ensure accuracy. 6. The cost of living in the city has increased ________ (sharp) over the past few years. 7. The disagreement between the two companies ________ (settle) after long negotiations. 8. The pollution levels ________ (reduce) significantly after the new regulations were enforced. 9. The company announced a major ________ (promote) to attract more customers during the holiday season. 10. Many citizens ________ (oppose) the new law, arguing that it goes against personal freedoms. 11. The ________ (major) of the board members agreed to the new policy. 12. She ________ (convince) that the new strategy would lead to success. 13. After reviewing all the data, the scientists reached their final ________ (conclude). 14. The scientist's ________ (claim) were supported by extensive research and evidence. 15. The puppy was extremely ________ (affection), always seeking attention from its owners. 【梳理·外刊中的课标词】 单词 中文注释 单词 中文注释 sceptical numerous curve beneficial moderate bias adequately alcohol particular found thorough source sharp settle reduce rather quality promote oppose obviously major disease convince conclusion claim cancer bit amount affect 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025高考英语一轮复习外刊阅读与词汇专练 专题11 适量饮酒真的有益于健康吗？ 主题语境：人与自我 主题群：健康生活 语篇类型：说明文 1. 精编外刊阅读 2. 阅读理解专项 3. 语法填空专项 4. 课标高频词专练 5. 外刊中的课标词 【精编·外刊阅读】 Why many studies wrongly claim it’s healthy to drink a little alcohol （文章来源：New Scientist） 文中红色粗体为课标词，下面有专门的高频课标词训练和课标词梳理表格 [A] It is becoming clear that any amount of alcohol is harmful, so why do so many studies claim that moderate drinking could help you live longer? Drinking even small amounts of alcohol reduces your life lifespan, thorough studies show. Only those with serious mistakes suggest that moderate drinking is beneficial. That’s the conclusion of a review of 107 studies looking at how drinking alcohol affects people’s risk of dying from any cause at a particular age. [C] “People need to be sceptical of the claims that the industry has fuelled over the years,” says Tim Stockwell at the University of Victoria in Canada. “They obviously have a great interest in promoting their product as something that’s going to make you live longer as opposed to one that will give you cancer.” [F] By the 2000s, numerous studies of this kind had suggested that the relationship between drinking and the risk of dying at a particular age made a J-shaped curve. That is, if people drank a little then their risk of dying of any cause went down a bit compared with non-drinkers, but drinking more led to a sharp increase in the risk. Stockwell says he was convinced the science was settled at the time. But since then, he and others have shown that there are major flaws(瑕疵) in such studies. The main problem is that many studies compare people who no longer drink with those that still do, rather than with those who have never drunk alcohol. [K] In fact, his team found that just six of the 107 studies they reviewed adequately dealt with these sources of bias – and none of these six found any reduction in risk with moderate drinking. “The high-quality studies suggest a linear relationship,” says Stockwell. “The more you drink, the higher your risk of heart disease.” 【原创 阅读理解】 1. How does the author introduce the debate on alcohol’s effects on health? A. By openly declaring alcohol is harmful. B. By discussing age-related effects. C. By stating moderate drinking is helpful. D. By claiming alcohol has no impact. 2. What does the word “fuelled” most likely mean in the context of Stockwell’s statement? A. Investigated or researched B. Restricted or limited C. Promoted or intensified D. Ignored or overlooked 3. How does the comparison between different types of drinkers contribute to the flaws in the studies? A. It falsely shows moderate drinkers as healthier. B. It suggests all drinkers have similar health risks. C. It minimizes the health issues of non-drinkers. D. It ignores the health benefits of heavy drinking. 4. What overall conclusion does Stockwell reach about the safety of moderate drinking? A. It’s neutral in terms of overall health impact. B. It’s helpful to prevent some illnesses. C. It’s less harmless than previously believed. D. It’s considered safe for most people. 【答案】ACAC 【导语】这篇文章探讨了关于适量饮酒是否有益健康的争论，文章引用了多项研究结果，最终得出适量饮酒实际上并不如某些研究所说的那样有益，反而可能有害。 1. 细节理解题。文章一开始就明确指出“any amount of alcohol is harmful”（任何量的酒精都是有害的），并质疑了那些声称适量饮酒有助于延长寿命的研究。因此，作者通过公开声明酒精有害来引入关于酒精影响的争论。故选A。 2. 词义猜测题。根据上下文“People need to be sceptical of the claims that the industry has fuelled over the years”（人们需要对酒精行业多年来推动的主张保持怀疑），可以推断出“fuelled”在此指的是“促使”或“加剧”，即酒精行业推动了这些主张。因此，选项C “Promoted or intensified”（促进或加强）最符合此处语境。故选C。 3. 细节理解题。文章中提到“many studies compare people who no longer drink with those that still do, rather than with those who have never drunk alcohol”（许多研究将不再饮酒的人与仍然饮酒的人进行比较，而不是与从不饮酒的人进行比较），这意味着这些研究存在的主要缺陷在于它错误地显示了适量饮酒者的健康状况更好，而实际上这是因为对照组选择不当。故选A。 4. 主旨大意题。根据文章最后的讨论，特别是Stockwell的观点“the more you drink, the higher your risk of heart disease”（你喝得越多，患心脏病的风险就越高），以及“none of these six found any reduction in risk with moderate drinking”（这六项研究中没有一项发现适量饮酒能降低风险），可以推断出Stockwell认为适量饮酒比之前认为的更有害。故选C。 【原创 语法填空】 It is increasingly evident ____1____ any amount of alcohol is harmful, yet many studies still claim moderate ____2____ (drink) could extend lifespan. Comprehensive research shows that even small amounts of alcohol shorten life. ____3____ (claim) of benefits from moderate drinking often arise from flawed studies. ____4____ review of 107 studies on alcohol's impact on mortality concluded that only studies with significant errors suggest any benefit. Tim Stockwell of the University of Victoria in Canada ____5____ (advice) skepticism towards industry-backed claims, which promote alcohol as life-extending rather than a cancer risk. He emphasizes that the public ____6____ (provide) with misleading information for years. By the 2000s, numerous studies suggested a J-shaped curve, ____7____ light drinkers had a slightly lower mortality risk than non-drinkers, but the risk surged with higher consumption. Initially convinced by this, Stockwell ____8____ (late) found significant flaws in such studies, particularly the comparison of current drinkers to former drinkers rather than lifelong abstainers. Stockwell's team found that only six of the 107 studies adequately addressed these biases, and none showed reduced risk from moderate drinking. High-quality studies indicate a linear relationship: the more alcohol ____9____ (consume), the higher the risk of heart disease. The public should be wary of studies that fail to account ____10____ these critical factors. It is clear that alcohol poses significant health risks, regardless of the amount consumed. 【答案】 1. that 2. drinking 3. Claims 4. A 5. advises 6. has been provided 7. where 8. later 9. consumed 10. for 【导语】本文讨论了有关饮酒与健康之间关系的研究，强调了即使是适量饮酒也可能对健康有害。作者引用了Tim Stockwell的研究，揭示了许多研究中存在的偏差和误导性信息。 1. 考查连词。句意：“越来越明显的是，任何量的酒精都是有害的……”此处表示“明显的是”，需用连词“that”引导主语从句，故填that。 2. 考查动名词。句意：“然而，许多研究仍然声称适度饮酒可以延长寿命。”此处动名词“drinking”作名词“moderate”的后置定语，表示“适度饮酒”，故填drinking。 3. 考查名词。句意：“适度饮酒有益的说法通常源于有缺陷的研究。”此处“claim”作句子的主语，需用名词形式，故填Claims。 4. 考查冠词。句意：“对107项关于酒精对死亡率影响的研究的综述得出结论，只有错误明显的研究才表明有任何益处。”此处为特指综述，用不定冠词“a”来表示泛指，故填A。 5. 考查动词时态。句意：“Tim Stockwell建议对行业支持的声明持怀疑态度，这些声明宣传酒精延年益寿而不是致癌风险。”此处描述的是Tim Stockwell的建议，需用一般现在时的动词形式“advises”，故填advises。 6. 考查时态和语态。句意：“他强调，多年来公众一直被误导。”此处表示公众“被提供”信息，需用现在完成时的被动语态，故填has been provided。 7. 考查关系副词。句意：“J型曲线显示，少量饮酒者的死亡风险略低于不饮酒者，但随着饮酒量的增加，风险急剧上升。”此处用“where”引导定语从句，修饰“J-shaped curve”，表示“在这种情况下”，故填where。 8. 考查副词。句意：“Stockwell起初被这些研究说服，但后来发现了这些研究中的重大缺陷。”副词“later”表示时间上的“后来”，修饰动词“found”，故填later。 9. 考查过去分词。句意：“高质量的研究表明，饮酒量越多，患心脏病的风险就越高。”此处过去分词“consumed”修饰前面的“alcohol”，表示“被消费的酒精”，故填consumed。 10. 考查固定搭配。句意：“公众应对那些未考虑到这些关键因素的研究保持警惕。”短语“account for”意为“考虑到”，为固定搭配，故填for。 【原创·课标高频词训练】 1. The manager looked at the proposal ________ (sceptical), unsure if it would bring the desired results. 2. Regular exercise is generally ________ (benefit) to both physical and mental health. 3. The medicine should be taken ________ (moderate) to avoid any potential side effects. 4. The drink was labeled as ________ (alcohol), so it was not served to minors. 5. The report was ________ (thorough) reviewed before being published to ensure accuracy. 6. The cost of living in the city has increased ________ (sharp) over the past few years. 7. The disagreement between the two companies ________ (settle) after long negotiations. 8. The pollution levels ________ (reduce) significantly after the new regulations were enforced. 9. The company announced a major ________ (promote) to attract more customers during the holiday season. 10. Many citizens ________ (oppose) the new law, arguing that it goes against personal freedoms. 11. The ________ (major) of the board members agreed to the new policy. 12. She ________ (convince) that the new strategy would lead to success. 13. After reviewing all the data, the scientists reached their final ________ (conclude). 14. The scientist's ________ (claim) were supported by extensive research and evidence. 15. The puppy was extremely ________ (affection), always seeking attention from its owners. 【答案】 1. sceptically 2. beneficial 3. moderately 4. alcoholic 5. thoroughly 6. sharply 7. was settled 8. were reduced 9. promotion 10. opposed 11. majority 12. was convinced 13. conclusions 14. claims 15. affectionate 【梳理·外刊中的课标词】 单词 中文注释 单词 中文注释 sceptical numerous curve beneficial moderate bias adequately alcohol particular found thorough source sharp settle reduce rather quality promote oppose obviously major disease convince conclusion claim cancer bit amount affect 单词 中文注释 单词 中文注释 sceptical adj. 怀疑的 numerous adj. 许多的 curve n./v. 曲线；使弯曲 beneficial adj. 有益的 moderate adj. 适度的 bias n. 偏见 adequately adv. 充分地 alcohol n. 酒精，酒 particular adj. 特定的 found v. 发现 thorough adj. 彻底的 source n. 来源 sharp adj. 急剧的，锋利的 settle v. 解决，定居 reduce v. 减少 rather adv. 相当；宁愿 quality n. 质量 promote v. 促进，推广 oppose v. 反对 obviously adv. 明显地 major adj. 主要的 disease n. 疾病 convince v. 使相信 conclusion n. 结论 claim v./n. 声称，要求 cancer n. 癌症 bit n. 少量 amount n. 数量 affect v. 影响 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$