Unit 5 Into the Wild 基础知识 导学案-2024-2025学年高中英语外研版（2019）必修第一册

U5知识点梳理 第一节 词汇变化 1.seek(sought, sought) v.寻找=look for, search for seek the truth 寻求真理 seek one's fortune寻找发财机会 seek advice/help (from sb.) (向某人)征求意见/请求帮助 ①她正在寻找一种更好的方式来赢回她的顾客。 She (for) a better way to win her customers back. ②有困难时你可以向老师寻求帮助。 You can when getting into trouble. ③Many farmers left their villages to (寻找发财机会) in the city. ④When in trouble, I often (向老师征求意见). 2.mass adj.民众的，大规模的 n．许多，团，堆 massive adj.大规模的 mass campaign群众运动 a mass of/masses of 许多 the mass of大多数 the masses群众 ①他们的最新产品瞄准了大众市场。 Their latest product is aimed at the . ②我有许多工作要做。I've work to do. ③Club members can get a (mass) discount of ￡50. ④When the president's flight landed, （许多）people seemed to appear out of thin air. ⑤我想知道他们是否真正地关心群众的利益。 I wonder if they are truly concerned about the interests of the . --sive结尾的形容词 passive 消极的 persuasive有说服力的 impressive感人的，给人深刻印象的 expensive 昂贵的 explosive 爆炸的 decisive 起决定作用的 3. somehow adv.不知怎么地，用某种方法 联想拓展： anyhow＝anyway adv.无论如何，反应(转换话题、结束谈话或回到原话题时使用) somewhat adv.稍微；有点(表程度，一般位于被修饰词前，类似于a little) ①我们得想个办法阻止他见她。 We must stop him from seeing her . ②也许我们可以想什么办法把它粘起来。 Maybe we could glue it together or other. ③不知为什么，我觉得我不能信任他。 , I don't feel I can trust him. 选词填空 somehow anyhow somewhat (1)We must get the work finished or other by to morrow morning. (2)It may rain, but I shall go out. I don't mind the rain. (3)The police were higher than I'd expected. (4) ,we should take regular exercise, something that can help to make you look good, feel good and be healthy. 4.measure v．测量；衡量 n．措施，方法 measure 还可作系动词，表示某物的体积、长度、宽度、高度等为…，不用于进行时态和被动语态 take measures to do 采取措施做某事 make sth. to sb's measure为某人量身定做 beyond measure非常大，非常多 ①你能用这把尺子准确测量吗？ Can you accurately with this ruler? ②她无比喜悦。Her joy was beyond . ③我们将支持国有资本做强、做优、做大，采取有效措施来防止国有资产流失。 We will support state capital in becoming stronger, doing better, and growing bigger, and prevent the loss of state assets. ④The government was urged to take measures (prevent) the spread of AIDS. ⑤他的衣服是为他量身定制的。 He has his clothes . ⑥这片湖长130千米，宽80千米。The lake 130 kilometers by 80 kilometers. 5.position n．位置；名次；职位；处境；状况 out of position 不得其所 in position就位 in a good condition 状况良好 in a bad/weak position 状况差 take the position of... 担任……职位 ①我不知道如果我身在你的处境会怎么办。 I'm not sure what I would do if I were in your . ②我来自一个既没有财富也没有地位的家庭，但是我成功地取得了艺术硕士学位。 I didn't come from a family with wealth or , bu t I did manage to get a master's degree in fine arts. ③有一把椅子位置没放对，把它放好。 One of the chairs is . Put it back . 写出下列句中position的含义 (1) Our hotel is in a superb central position. (2) The position of manager is still open. (3)He maintained his position. (4)The company is in a difficult position. 6.determine vt.确定，决定 determination n.决心，毅力 determined adj.坚决的，有决心的 determining adj.决定性的 determine to do决定做 be determined to do 决定做某事 make up one's mind to do, decide to do. ①会议日期尚待确定。 A date for the meeting has yet to . ②他们仍在设法查明失火的原因。 They are still trying to the cause of the fire. ③他决定营救自己的两名同胞。 He his two countrymen. ④Upbringing plays an important part in (determine) a person's character. ⑤I admire her (determine) to get it right. 7.solution n．解决方法 solve vt.解决 solution to... …的解决方法 ①试图找到解决办法的种种努力全都失败了。Attempts to find a have failed. ②这是解决你所有问题的最佳方案。 Here is the to all your problems. ③As usual, he found a practical (solve) to the difficult problem. ④这个问题对我来说很难解决。, The problem is too difficult . 8.amazing adj.惊人的，了不起的 amazed adj.感到惊讶的 amazingly adv.惊人地 amazement n.惊奇；吃惊 what amazes sb. is...让某人感到惊讶的是…… It amazes sb. that... 让某人感到惊讶的是…… be amazed at/by对……感到吃惊 in amazement 吃惊地 to one's amazement 令某人吃惊的是 联想拓展： to one's ＋n. to one's surprise令某人吃惊的是 to one's horror 令某人恐惧的是 to one's regret令某人后悔的是 to one's sadness令某人难过的是 to one's delight令某人高兴的是 ①他对正在发生的事居然毫不知情，这实在叫人感到诧异！ he should be unaware of what's going on! ②让我感到惊讶的是没人想过这个主意。 no one thought of the idea. ③我们对他外貌的变化感到惊讶。 We his changed appearance. ④当他大声地与他的朋友交谈时，报告厅里所有的人都吃惊地盯着他。 All the people in the lecture hall stared at him when he talked loudly with his friend. ⑤I was (amaze) at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor. ⑥The car is dashing in an (amaze) speed. ⑦The little girl is (amaze) clever. ⑧To my (amaze), I came first. 9. destroy vt.毁灭，毁坏 destruction n. 摧毁，毁灭 destructive adj.毁灭性的 destroy 完全毁坏以至不能修复 damage 部分损坏，可以修复，多用于短语do/cause damage to sb./sth. ruin 毁坏，糟蹋，可以指毁了某人的机会、名声、健康、未来、人生等。还可作名词，常用复数，指废墟，搭配lie in ruins(成为废墟)。 ①这座建筑物被大火彻底烧毁了。 The building was completely by fire. ②如今，破坏的创痕在罗卡韦依然可见，但处处充满着希望。 Today, the scars of d are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. ③虽然有些人批评涂鸦丑陋并且具有破坏性，但那些涂鸦爱好者仍然把它视为真正的艺术。 While some people criticise graffiti for being ugly and , those graffiti lovers still see it as real art. ④The whole city (destroy) by the sudden flood completely, leaving nothing to the native people. ⑤Thousands of houses （damage) by the storm seriously, and the repair work would last half a month. 10. appreciation n．欣赏，感激，理解 appreciate v. 理解；欣赏；感激 appreciate doing sth. 感激做某事 appreciate one's doing sth.感激某人做某事 I would appreciate it if... 如果…，我将不胜感激 ①我曾经写过一篇关于童话对罗阿尔德·达尔写作的影响的论文，它让我对他奇特而令人愉快的话语有了一种新的理解。 I once wrote a paper on fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a for his strange and delightful words. ②中国软实力的增长与世界对中国与日俱增的赏识和理解相一致。 China's soft power grows in line with the and understanding of China globally. ③如你尽早回信我将感激不尽。 I your writing me back as soon as possible. ④I appreciate your (give) me so much of your time. ⑤Please accept this as a kind of (appreciate)． 重点短语 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.millions of 数百万的 2.the solution to ……的解决方法 3.as much as多达 4.cut down砍倒 5.lead to 导致 6.make sure that保证，确保 7.feed on 以……为食 8.the number of... …的数量 9.once again 再次 短文填空 The reason for the mass 1. (迁徙) of monarch butterflies is no longer a 2. (谜), according to a 3. (教授) who observed their movements. He 4. (测量) the 5. (位置) in the field where they began to 6. (迁徙), used his imagination, and 7. (最终) 8. (确定) the 9. (解决方案). Because their habitats are unfortunately polluted or even 10._ (破坏) by 11._ (化学物质), these lovely 12. (生物) have to 13. (迁徙) to other places in order to 14. (生存). As volunteers, we ought to protect them and call on awareness and appreciation of these 15. (神奇的) butterflies. 细节知识点 1． 这两项信息——一天中的时间和太阳在天空中的位置…… These two pieces of information — the time of day and the point the sun is in the sky... 2．不幸地是，人类活动是黑脉金斑蝶数量下降的主要原因。 Sadly, human activity is the the number of monarch butterflies is falling. 3.我们对这一可爱的生物了解越多，它们生存下来的机会就越大。 we know about the lovely creature, the chance it will survive... “the＋比较级．.., the＋比较级.. “越……就越……”，前面的“The＋比较级．..”相当于一个条件状语从句。 ①你越努力，取得的进步就会越大。 you work, you will make. ②你学的越多，你的知识越丰富。 you study, you can get. ③The (careful) you are when you cross the road, the safer you will be. ④The more you learn, the more you (realise) how little you know. 语法点 诵读下列例句并感知画线部分的共性 ①There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system. ②Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. ③I told my mum that I wanted to give up, and that I would never live in a country where German was spoken. ④I finally understood the reason why my mum had encouraged me not to give up. ⑤Then I saw an advertisement that offered a wonderful summer course, and that was the day when I decided to take on a new language. ⑥The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. 一．关系副词引导的定语从句&关系副词的指代及功能 关系副词 先行词 功能 when 表示时间的名词 时间状语 where 表示地点的名词 地点状语 why reason 原因状语 1.关系副词when引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语。 ①我还记得我第一次去长城的那一天。 I still remember the day I first went to the Great Wall. ②我们聚会的日子很快就会来的。 The day we get together will come soon. ③我们将永远不会忘记第29届奥运会在北京举办的那一年。 We will never forget the year the 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing. Tips 若时间名词后面的定语从句的引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用which或that引导。 你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？ ④Do you remember the days we spent together on the farm? 2．关系副词where引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示地点或抽象地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语。 ①我10年前居住的那所房子已经被拆了。 The house I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. ②现在他正在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作。 He is now working in the factory his father worked. Tips 若地点名词后面的定语从句的引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用which或that。 ③我们昨天参观的那所学校是新建的。 The school we visited yesterday is newly built. 3．关系副词why引导定语从句时，先行词常常为reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语。 ①他考试成功的原因是他学习很认真。 The reason he succeeded in the exam is that he studied very hard. ②你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？ Can you tell me the reason you didn't come to his birthday party? ③我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。 I don't know the reason he didn't turn to his good friend for help yesterday. Tips reason后的定语从句的引导词若在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用which或that。 ④I won't listen to the reason you have given us. 练习：对比填空：that, which, when, where, why (1) I will never forget the days we spent together. (2) I will never forget the days we stayed together. (3) The reason he explained at the meeting was not sound. (4) The reason he was late was that he missed his train. (5) Keep the book in a place you can find it easily. (6) This is the house was built by my grandfather forty years ago. 二．关系代词作介词的宾语 关系代词作介词的宾语时，为了使关系代词与先行词的关系更加紧凑，可以将从句中的介词提到关系代词前，形成“介词＋关系代词”结构。该结构中的关系代词可用which，whom或whose。 1．介词的选用---“介词＋关系代词”结构中的介词可以依据与从句中谓语动词的搭配、与先行词的搭配或句子意义来确定。 ①这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。 This is the camera with which he often takes photos. ②这就是和我爸爸一起工作了10年的那位飞行员。 This is the pilot my father has worked for ten years. （1）某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的“介词＋关系代词”可以同关系副词when、where和why互换。 我仍然记得我上大学的那段时光。 I still remember the time (＝ ) I was in college. 这就是他们待过的旅馆。 This is the hotel (＝ ) they stayed. 这就是他匆匆离去的原因。 This is the reason (＝ ) he left in a hurry. (2)有些“动词＋介词”短语，如look for，look after，send for，call on，come across，long for等，不可拆开把介词置于关系代词之前。 ①你派人去请的那个医生还没有来。 The doctor that you sent for has not come. 2．关系代词的选择 “介词＋关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。在此结构中，先行词指人时关系代词用whom，不可用who/that；先行词指物时关系代词用which，不能用that。 ①这就是我给其买书的那个学生。 This is the student I bought a book. ②这就是我去上海所乘的船。 This is the ship I went to Shanghai. 3．“名词/数词/代词等＋介词 of＋关系代词”结构。有时“介词＋关系代词”前还会有名词、数词、代词等，表示部分、整体、数量等概念。 ①这条河流入大海，河的两岸种满了树。 The river, the banks of which are covered with trees, flows to the sea. ②他有三个儿子，其中有两个是老师。 He has three sons, are teachers. ③玛丽亚已经写了两部小说，这两部都被拍成了电视剧。 Maria has written two novels, have been made into television series. ④Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of has been proved. ⑤The girl to you talked just now is our English teacher. 第二节 词汇变化 1.observe v．观察，注意到，庆祝，遵守 observer n. 观察者 observation n. 观察，观测 observe sb./sth. (do sth.) 注意到某人/某物(做某事) observe sb./sth. doing sth. 注意到某人/某物正在做某事 Tips 在“observe sb./sth. do sth.”结构中，用做宾语补足语的不定式不带to，但若变为被动语态，则不定式要带to。 observe that... 注意到…… ①警察注意到一个男人走进了银行。 The police a man entered the bank.＝The police observed a man the bank. ②许多美国人都选择在公共的餐饮场所庆祝节日。 at public eating and drinking places. ③到目前为止，双方都遵守着停火协定。 So far the ceasefire by both sides. ④He was observed (leave) the room. ⑤I looked up and observed a snake (wind) its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. 2.variety n．变化，多样性 various adj.各种各样的 vary v. 变化 a variety of＝varieties of各种各样的 the variety of ……的品种 vary with... 随……变化 vary from... to... 由……到……不等 Tips a variety of/varieties of 后接名词时，名词前不加冠词，谓语动词单复数与名词的数保持一致。 “the variety of＋复数名词”意为“……的品种”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 ①她不喜欢这项工作，因为它单调乏味；她一直在做着同样的事。 She didn't like the work because it lacked ; she was doing the same thing all the time. ②确保当你逐个进行采访的时候，你得到的是多种多样的答案。 Make sure that as you go from interview to interview, you are getting . ③There is a wide (various) of patterns to choose from. ④The toy boat has (vary) speeds. ⑤The weather here (various) from hour to hour. ⑥他的书品种之多让人惊叹。 The variety of his books astonishing. 3．average adj.平均的 v．平均为 n．平均数 on average平均来看 above/below average在平均值以上/以下 an average of 平均是…… ①弗雷德是一个普通学生，但绝不是个普通人。 Fred was , but not an average person. ②我们平均每年有一个学生不及格。 We fail one student per year . ③售出一幢房子平均需要10周的时间。 It takes ten weeks for a house sale to be completed. ④It's said that the press receives an average of nearly 100 articles a day. 4. concentrate v．专注；专心；集中(注意力思想等) concentration n. 专注，集中 concentrated adj.专注的 concentrate on 专注于，专心于 concentrate one's attention/mind on... 将注意力/思想集中于…… ①有些学生不能全神贯注学习，往往在课堂上犯困。 Some students can't and tend to feel sleepy in class. ②我开车时走神了，差点撞上一座桥。 I lost my and nearly drove into a bridge. ③Stress and tiredness often result in a lack of (concentrate)． ④She has turned down several invitations to star at shows in order to concentrate her studies. 5.scene n．场面；场景；现场；景色 on the scene＝on the spot在现场；当场 ①多么美丽的景色呀！ ②数千名修理工在现场工作，希望能尽快恢复服务。 Thousands of repair workers are and hope to restore service soon. 翻译scene在句中得含义 ③The hero met with the heroine in the opening scene of the play. ④She returned home to find a scene of mess. ⑤Having received an emergency call, the police were soon on the scene. 5. freeze v．呆住；结冰；冷冻；冻结 freeze的过去式，过去分词是froze, frozen. 其中frozen还可作形容词 冷冻的，冻僵 freezing adj. 极冷的，严寒的 freezer n. 冰柜 freezing point 冰点 freezing cold 极其寒冷 ①门慢慢打开时我吓呆了。 I with terror as the door slowly opened. ②我们的教授告诉我们盐水的冻结温度比淡水低。 Our professor told us that salt water at a lower temperature than fresh water. ③在寒冷的冬天，在人口稠密的城市里欣赏美丽的水鸟，真是令人印象深刻。 It is to appreciate the scenery of the beautiful water fowls in the densely populated city during the . ④Her fingers in the water. (freeze) ⑤Alcohol has a lower point than water. 7．recover v．恢复，痊愈；重新获得 recovery n.痊愈，恢复 recover oneself镇定下来 recover from... 从……中康复 ①大约20分钟后，她恢复了知觉。 She consciousness after about twenty minutes. ②他镇定下来，平静地说话。 He enough to speak calmly. ③身体可能要花很长一段时间才能从伤病中痊愈。 It may take the body a long time to an injury. ④He has now made a full (recover) from his suffering. ⑤Smith (recover) from the cancer after standing great pains v．/adj.＋y变为n.的词还有 discover (v.)→discovery (n.)发现 deliver (v.)→delivery (n.)运送 inquire (v.)→inquiry (n.)询问 difficult (adj.)→difficulty (n.)困难 8.shock n．震惊，休克，惊讶 v．使震惊 shocked adj. 感到震惊的 shocking adj. 令人震惊的 a shock to sb. 对某人是一个打击 electric shock 电击，电震 be shocked at/by... 对……感到震惊 It shocks sb. to do...做某事使某人震惊 ①他伤得不重，但处于休克状态。 He isn't seriously injured but he is in . ②看到我的邻居们对待他们孩子的方式，我很是震惊。 how my neighbours treated their children. ③出席会议的所有人都对经理宣布的决定感到震惊。 All the people present at the meeting announced by the manager. ④They were by her rudeness yesterday. ⑤The news everyone of us at that moment. ⑥All the people present felt at the accident. 9．stare at 盯着看，凝视 glance at扫视，瞥一眼 glare at怒目而视 stare at 凝视，盯着看 ①我茫然地看着面前那张纸。 I blankly the paper in front of me. ②It is impolite for boys to a girl, and you'd better her, or she may you. 重点短语 1. 2. A variety of 各种各样的 2.up to 多达，直到 3.at a speed of 以...的速度 4.concentrate on 集中精力于 5.recover from... 从...恢复 6.from time to time 时不时地 7.show respect to 对...表示尊重 8.after all 毕竟 短文填空 Once, a nature 1. (摄影师) had an 2. (相遇) with a grizzly bear. It was raining that day, but the photographer 3. (不顾天气恶劣). He was walking down a 4. (小路) into the wild when a 5. (令人惊叹的) scene came into his sight. While he was observing the beautiful scene, he heard an 6. (鹰) fly over his head. When he was 7. (专心于) photographing the scene, he saw a grizzly bear coming towards him. He 8. (愣住), 9. (盯着) at it, and pressed the button quickly. When he 10. (恢复) from the 11. (震惊), he knew, 12. (毕竟), his most frightening but 13. (神奇的) experience was 14. (记录) forever in a single 15. (照片)． 重点句型 1.当我在全神贯注地拍摄这一令人惊叹的景象时，我突然有一种被人监视的感觉。 this amazing scene, I suddenly had a feeling that . feeling后为that引导的同位语从句. 同位语从句一般跟在某些名词(belief, doubt, fact, feeling, hope, idea, news, possibility, promise等)后面，用以解释说明这些名词的内容。最常见的引导词是that，在从句中不作任何成分，不能省略。此外，引导词还有how, when, where, why等，可翻译为相应含义。 Tips that引导的同位语从句最容易与定语从句相混淆。that引导同位语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，但不能省略；而当that引导定语从句时，在从句中必须充当成分，在从句中作主语时不可省略，在从句中作宾语时可以省略。 判断从句 你听说我们队赢得比赛的消息了吗？Have you heard the news that our team won the match? 他告诉我的消息不是真的。The news that he told you wasn't true. ①我不知道他已经出国了。 I had no idea he had already gone abroad. ②这篇文章告诉我们这样一个事实——吸烟给人们的健康造成极大的危害。 The text tells us a fact . ③他无法回答这笔钱他是怎么得到的。 He can't answer the question he got the money. ④There is much truth in the idea kindness is usually served by frankness. ⑤The notice came around two in the afternoon the meeting would be postponed. 3. 毕竟我们是它们世界的访客。 It is after all we who are the visitors to their world. 强调句，基本结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分(主语、宾语、表语、状语等)＋that/who＋句子其他部分 Tips (1)一般情况连接词都用that，被强调的是人时也可以用who或whom。 (2)本句型中it is用于现在、将来时态的强调，用it was表示过去时态的强调。 (3)not... until...的强调句型为It is/was not until... that...。not... until...句式中，只能用until，不能用till。 that后面的从句需用肯定句，切勿再用否定句。 (4)强调句型的一般疑问句形式Is/was it＋被强调部分that... (5)强调句型的特殊疑问句形式:特殊疑问词＋was/is＋it＋that... ①他经常帮助的人正是玛丽。 It is Mary he often helps. ②我昨天正是在街上碰到了他。 ③直到完成了工作，他才回家。 It was he had finished the work he went home. ④是你把窗户打碎了吗？ ？ ⑤你想看的是什么？ ？ ⑥Was it because Jack came late for school Mr Smith got angry? $$