精品解析：北京市北京师范大学第二附属中学2023-2024学年高二下学期第一次月考英语试卷

2023-2024高二下英语阶段测试 说明： 本试卷共10页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 一、词汇（共40小题；每小题0.25分，满分10分） 选出与单词匹配的释义 A. 维护，保护 B. 注册，登记 C. 管理 D. 理解力 1. administration ________ 2. comprehension ________ 3. preservation ________ 4. registration ________ 选出与单词匹配的释义 A. 矛盾的 B. 内心的 C. 相当好的 D.坚硬的 5. internal ________ 6. contradictory ________ 7. solid ________ 8. decent ________ 选出与单词匹配的释义 A. 显示，带有 B. 浪费（机会） C. 透露，传开 D. 跳跃 9. bound ________ 10. bear ________ 11. blow ________ 12. break ________ 选出与单词匹配的释义 A 身材 B. 幻想 C. 地区 D. 卷帘 13. district ________ 14. blind ________ 15. build ________ 16. fantasy ________ 选出与单词匹配的释义 A. 雕刻 B. 投，扔，抛 C. 捕获 D. 迎合 17. cast ________ 18. cater ________ 19. carve ________ 20. capture ________ 选出与单词匹配的释义 A. 进攻 B. 妥协 C. 刊登 D. 推断 21. carry ________ 22. charge ________ 23. compromise ________ 24. deduce ________ 选出与单词匹配的释义 A. 冲刺 B. 证据 C. 运气 D. 保护（自然环境） 25 chance ________ 26. conservation ________ 27. case ________ 28. dash ________ 选出与单词匹配的释义 A. 立刻地 B. 强制 C. 机密的 D. 不靠近 29. compulsory ________ 30. clear ________ 31. confidential ________ 32. instantly ________ 选出与单词匹配的释义 A. 相互的 B. 充足的 C. 高尚的 D. 荒唐的 33. mutual ________ 34. absurd ________ 35. abundant ________ 36. noble ________ 选出与单词匹配的释义 A. 肖像 B. 争议 C. 员工 D. 仪式 37. staff ________ 38. ritual ________ 39. portrait ________ 40. controversy ________ 二、完型填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 It was the third period of the day and time for the physical education class. Once outside, students broke into an easy jog toward the field until, all of a sudden, Marcus cried out, “Look! What happened to the ___41___? It looks... angry.” The students turned to see what he was pointing at all at once: Someone painted angry faces on the walls of the stadium! During lunch, all of the students were whispering with ___42___ about the graffiti (涂鸦). Possible explanations spread like wildfire around the school. Later in the afternoon, when Brian cleaned the blackboard, Marcus suddenly ___43___ the paint on his hands. He ___44___ that it was Brian who painted the graffiti, so after school, Marcus followed Brian to his locker and ___45___ on what he was doing. When Brian opened his locker, Marcus saw small cans of paint in there! He decided to ___46___ it to Mr. Johnson. The next morning, Brian was called to the principal’s office. The moment Mr. Johnson asked ___47___ about the graffiti, tears started flowing down Brian’s cheeks. Filled with shame, he explained that he liked to paint, but he couldn’t join the ___48___ club because he had to go right home after school to baby- sit his little brother. “I don’t know why I painted those faces, and now I’ve ___49___ the stadium!” he sobbed. Mr. Johnson was quite angry at first, but he began to ____50____ as he realized how miserable Brian was. “Brian, painting graffiti on school walls is a very ____51____ matter. We have to call your mother, and, of course, you will have to clean and repaint the walls.” Mr. Johnson paused. “But, I must say, those paintings are quite good. Did you have any ____52____ with them?” Brian looked up and said, “No, I did them myself. Drawing and painting are the only things that I can do well.” Mr. Johnson looked at Brian and thought for a moment before making a decision. “Well,” he said, “some teachers suggested that we hire a local ____53____ to paint our school mascot(吉祥物)on the stadium wall. How would you feel about participating in that?” “Really?” Brian hesitated, unable to believe what he just heard. “Yes, but this project will be hard work, and you’ll be expected to complete the job on time. We can consider it part of your ____54____,” Mr. Johnson said, trying to hide his ____55____ as he picked up the phone. 41. A. field B. classroom C. office D. stadium 42. A. curiosity B. excitement C. fear D. relief 43. A. wiped B. examined C. spotted D. scanned 44. A. remembered B. suspected C. witnessed D. hoped 45. A. spied B. reflected C. commented D. hit 46. A. make B. report C. describe D. retell 47. A. hesitantly B. sympathetically C. directly D. patiently 48. A. art B. math C. sports D. music 49. A. changed B. decorated C. cleaned D. ruined 50. A. worry B. soften C. relax D. panic 51. A. strange B. urgent C. serious D. unusual 52. A. connection B. difficulty C. experience D. help 53. A. reporter B. artist C. designer D. scientist 54. A. talent B. responsibility C. punishment D. devotion 55. A. regret B. anger C. smile D. pride 三、阅读理解（共两节；满分38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，满分28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A Tom Sawyer Play Is an Adventure A 35-minute hand-clapping, foot-stomping musical version of a Mark Twain favorite returns with this Tall Stacks festival. “Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure” has all the good stuff, including the fence painting, the graveyard, the island and the cave. It is adapted by Joe McDonough, with music by David Kisor. That’s the local stage writing team that creates many of the Children’s Theatre of Cincinnati’s original musicals, along with the holiday family musicals at Ensemble Theatre. This year Nathan Turner of Burlington is Tom Sawyer, and Robbie McMath of Fort Mitchell is Huck Finn. Tumer a 10th-grader at School for Creative and Performing Arts, is a familiar presence on Cincinnati’s stages. He is a star act or of Children’s Theatre, having played leading roles in “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “The Wizard of Oz,” and is fresh from Jersey Production “Ragtime”. McMath is a junior at Beechwood High School. He was in the cast of “Tom Sawyer” when it was first performed and is a Children’s Theatre regular, with five shows to his credit. This summer he attended Kentucky’s Governor’s School for the Arts in Musical Theatre. Note to teachers: Children’s Theatre has a study guide demonstrating how math and science can be taught through “Tom Sawyer.” For downloadable lessons, visit the official website of Children’s Theatre. 56. Who wrote the music for “Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure”? A. David Kisor. B. Joe McDonough. C. Nathan Turner. D. Robbie McMath. 57. What can we learn about the two actors? A. They study in the same school. B. They worked together in ”Ragtime“. C. They are experienced on stage. D. They became friends ten years ago. 58. What does Children’s Theatre provide for teachers? A. Research funding. B. Training opportunities. C. Technical support. D. Educational resources. B New App Helps People Remember Faces Large gatherings such as weddings and conferences can be socially overwhelming. Pressure to learn people’s names only adds to the stress. A new facial- recognition app could come to the rescue, but privacy experts recommend proceeding with caution. The app, called SocialRecall, connects names with faces via smartphone cameras and facial recognition, potentially avoiding the need for formal introductions. “It breaks down these social barriers we all have when meeting somebody,” says Barry Sandrew, who created the app and tested it at an event attended by about 1,000 people. After receiving an invitation to download SocialRecall from an event organizer, the user is asked to take two selfies and sign in via social media. At the event, the app is active within a previously defined geographical area. When a user points his or her phone camera at an attendee’s face, the app identifies the individual, displays the person’s name, and links to his or her social media profile. To protect privacy, it recognizes only those who have agreed to participate. And the app’s creators say it automatically deletes users’ data after an event. Ann Cavoukian, a privacy expert who runs the Privacy by Design Center of Excellence praises the app’s creators for these protective measures. She cautions, however, that when people choose to share their personal information with the app, they should know that “there may be unintended consequences down the road with that information being used in another context that might come back to bite you.” The start- up has also developed a version of the app for individuals who suffer from prosopagnosia, or “face blindness”, a condition that prevents people from recognizing individuals they have met. To use this app, a person first acquires an image of someone’s face from either the smartphone’s camera or a photograph, and then tags it with a name. When the camera spots that same face in real life, the previously entered information is displayed. The collected data are stored only on a user’s phone, according to the team behind the app. 59. Paragraph 3 is mainly about ________. A. how the app works B. how the app was created C. what makes the app popular D. what people can do with the app 60. SocialRecall helps people with prosopagnosia by ________. A. giving names to the photos kept in their smartphones B. collecting information previously entered in the phone C. providing the information of a person when they first meet D. showing the person’s information when it spots a stored face 61. What can we learn about SocialRecall from the passage? A. It may put people’s privacy at risk. B. It has caused unintended consequences. C. It can prevent some communication disorders. D. It is praised by users for its protective measures. C The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy. Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid. The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spent on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances. 62. What is the book aimed at? A. Teaching critical thinking skills. B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle. C. Solving philosophical problems. D. Promoting the use of a digital device. 63. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over. 64. What is presented in the final chapter of part one? A. Theoretical models. B. Statistical methods. C. Practical examples. D. Historical analyses. 65. What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two? A. Use them as needed. B. Recommend them to friends. C. Evaluate their effects. D. Identify the ideas behind them. D Mark Twain has been called the inventor of the American novel. And he surely deserves additional praise: the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism. I say clever because anti-slavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the Civil War. H. B. Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin is only the most famous example. These early stories dealt directly with slavery. With minor exceptions, Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely. He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story. Again and again, in the postwar years, Twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of race. Consider the most controversial, at least today, of Twain’s novels, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Only a few books have been kicked off the shelves as often as Huckleberry Finn, Twain’s most widely read tale. Once upon a time, people hated the book because it struck them as rude. Twain himself wrote that those who banned the book considered the novel “trash and suitable only for the slums (贫民窟).” More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim, the escaped slave, and many occurrences of the word nigger. (The term Nigger Jim, for which the novel is often severely criticized, never appears in it.) But the attacks were and are silly — and miss the point. The novel is strongly anti- slavery. Jim’s search through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroicz. As J. Chadwick has pointed out, the character of Jim was a first in American fiction — a recognition that the slave had two personalities, “the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual: Jim, the father and the man.” There is much more. Twain’s mystery novel Pudd’nhead Wilson stood as a challenge to the racial beliefs of even many of the liberals of his day. Written at a time when the accepted wisdom held Negroes to be interior (低等的) to whites, especially in intelligence, Twain’s tale centered in part around two babies switched at birth. A slave gave birth to her master’s baby and, for fear that the child should be sold South, switched him for the master’s baby by his wife. The slave’s light- skinned child was taken to be white and grew up with both the attitudes and the education of the slave-holding class. The master’s wife’s baby was taken for black and grew up with the attitudes and intonations of the slave. The point was difficult to miss: nurture (养育), not nature, was the key to social status. The features of the black man that provided the stuff of prejudice — manner of speech, for example — were, to Twain, indicative of nothing other than the conditioning that slavery forced on its victims. Twain’s racial tone was not perfect. One is left uneasy, for example, by the lengthy passage in his autobiography (自传) about how much he loved what were called “nigger shows” in his youth — mostly with white men performing in black-face — and his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them. Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality. His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not. Was Twain a racist? Asking the questioning the 21st century is as wise as asking the same of Lincoln. If we read the words and attitudes of the past through the “wisdom” of the considered moral judgments of the present, we will find nothing but error. Lincoln, who believed the black man the inferior of the white, fought and won a war to tree hm. And Twain, raised in a slave state, briefly a soldier, and inventor of Jim, may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century. 66. How do Twain’s novels on slavery differ from Stowes? A. Twain was more willing to deal with racism. B. Twain’s attack on racism was much less open. C. Twain’s themes seemed to agree with plots. D. Twain was openly concerned with racism. 67. What best proves Twain’s anti-slavery stand according to the author? A. Jim’s search for his family was described in detail. B. The slave’s voice was first heard in American novels. C. Jim grew up into a man and a father in the white culture. D. Twain suspected that the slaves were less intelligent. 68. The story of two babies switched mainly indicates that ________. A. slaves were forced to give up their babies to their masters B. slaves’ babies could pickup slave holders’ way of speaking C. blacks’ social position was shaped by how they were brought up D. blacks were born with certain features of prejudice 69. What does the author mainly argue for? A. Twain had done more than his contemporary writers to attack racism. B. Twain was an admirable figure comparable to Abraham Lincoln. C. Twain’s works had been banned on unreasonable grounds. D. Twain s works should be read from a historical point of view. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多于选项。 The War Against Sand Imagine living on the edge of a vast desert, which is moving quietly closer to your village every day and covering your fields. The desert is on the move. This is called desertification. Desertification occurs in regions close to an already existing desert. ___70___ The first is over-use of water in the area. There is not enough water in any case, and if it is not carefully used, disaster can follow. As time goes on, water shortages make farming more and more difficult. In some places, locals can remember local lakes and marshes which were once the homes for all kinds of fish and birds. ___71___ Farmers leave the land, and fields are replaced by deserts. The second cause is misuse or over-use of the land. ___72___ Ploughing (耕) large fields and removing bushes and trees means that the wind will blow away the soil. Once the soil is lost, it is hard to replace, and if there is rain, it has nowhere to go, and brings no benefit. ___73___ Every spring, the skies over some of eastern cities, thousands of kilometers away from the deserts, can be darkened by sandstorms. Dust from deserts can have a great effect on weather systems. While desertification is perhaps being partly caused by global warming, these sandstorms can make global warming worse by adding to what is known as the greenhouse effect. What can be done to slow down or stop the process of desertification? A great deal of work is already under way. Obviously first steps are to find new water sources. ___74___ Some types of grass also hold the soil together, and stop the wind taking it. Without these efforts, it will be harder and harder to stop the world’s deserts in their tracks, and more and more farmers will give up and head for cities. The lesson to be learnt lies beneath the sand. A. It generally arises from two related causes. B. It is not only the farmers and villagers who suffer. C. They have been completely buried by the sand now. D. Scientists are doing the research on the cause of desertification. E. They destroy the land as the soil dries out and is then blown away. F. Tree planting can help, by providing barriers between desert and rich field. G. This means that the wrong crops are planted, and need more water than is available. 四、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The turtle dove is the UK’s fastest-declining bird species, according to a recent study. The data, ____75____ (record) by almost 1, 000 volunteers, farmers and county bird clubs, shows there are now nearly 2, 100 pairs left, down from some 125, 000 pairs in 1970. Loss of habitats and shooting in southern Europe ____76____(think)to be driving the decline. There is hope, however, as the government ____77____ (work) with landowners to allow more food supplies in the habitats now. B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 In May the COMA C919, China’s first domestically designed passenger plane, ____78____ (successful) completed its first flight, marking a milestone in China’s space history. So far, China has solved ____79____ (difficulty) in more than 100 key technologies and applied for more than 10,000 patents. In the past, China mainly depended ____80____ the technologies from other countries, but it is applying its own today, helping to promote the high-quality ____81____ (develop) of the country’s economy. C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Anna Jones is a journalist, ____82____ first book, Divide-The Relationship Crisis Between Town and Country, was longlisted for the 2022 James Cropper Wainwright Prize. ____83____ (grow) up on a farm and working in the city have given Anna a rare insight into rural life. Anna started the non-profit communications project “Just Farmers” in 2018. She also runs a media education program to help farmers find confidence to share ____84____ they have experienced with the wider world. 五、阅读表达（共4小题；第85、86每题2分，第87题3分，第88题5分，满分12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Shakespeare Week William Shakespeare’s plays are among the best- loved classics in the English language. They contain humor, suspense and deep emotion- sometimes all in a single play. Many of Shakespeare’s plays are based (sometimes loosely) on historical events or legends. The thing that makes his plays stand out, though, is their language. Shakespeare had a way of expressing a variety of feelings and ideas in deeply moving words. In fact, many common phrases and idioms originated with him. The Shakespeare Birthplace Trust, a charity that cares for historical sites related to Shakespeare’s life, provides educational resources about this influential playwright. This week the organization is sponsoring a celebration called Shakespeare Week. Events are aimed at primary school students, many of whom will be encountering his works for the first time. Children around the world study Shakespeare and his works in school, yet their experience is often oriented toward preparing for exams. For many modern English- speakers, Shakespeare’s16th- century writing can be difficult and frustrating. The purpose of Shakespeare Week is to give children a more positive experience with Shakespeare, starting at a young age. They do this using books, videos and activities that stimulate the children’s creativity. Last year’s Shakespeare Week was focused on art and design. It included resources developed by famous authors, illustrators and even a TV host. A new event — a portrait competition — was added to the Shakespeare Week celebration last year. Children 11 years old and younger submitted portraits of Shakespeare to win prizes. This year’s Shakespeare Week, which is going on right now, focuses on the theme of well- being. Its events and resources are designed to promote emotional learning as well as physical, moral and social health. Through the Shakespeare Week activities and events, children get to experience works of art. Organizers hope this will influence their lives and encourage their love of Shakespeare for years to come. 85. What is the outstanding feature of Shakespeare’s plays? ________________________________________________________________ 86. What themes of Shakespeare Week are mentioned in the passage? ________________________________________________________________ 87. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. By participating in Shakespeare Week, children can benefit a lot, because they can prepare for exams better. ________________________________________________________________ 88. What kind of activity would you plan for Shakespeare Week?(In about 40 words) ________________________________________________________________ 六、书面表达（满分15分） 89. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你得知故宫正在招聘假期义务英文讲解员，请你给相关部门负责人写一封申请信，内容包括： 1．介绍你的基本信息； 2．说明你的优势； 3．表示你希望被录用。 注意： 1. 词数100左右。 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：故宫the Forbidden City Dear Sir or Madam, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sincerely, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2023-2024高二下英语阶段测试 说明： 本试卷共10页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 一、词汇（共40小题；每小题0.25分，满分10分） 选出与单词匹配的释义 A. 维护，保护 B. 注册，登记 C. 管理 D. 理解力 1. administration ________ 2. comprehension ________ 3. preservation ________ 4. registration ________ 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 【解析】 【1题详解】 考查名词。administration的中文意思是“管理”。故选C项。 【2题详解】 考查名词。comprehension的中文意思是“理解力”。故选D项。 【3题详解】 考查名词。preservation的中文意思是“维护，保护”。故选A项。 【4题详解】 考查名词。registration的中文意思是“注册，登记”。故选B项。 选出与单词匹配的释义 A. 矛盾 B. 内心的 C. 相当好的 D.坚硬的 5. internal ________ 6. contradictory ________ 7. solid ________ 8. decent ________ 【答案】5. B 6. A 7. D 8. C 【解析】 【5题详解】 考查形容词。internal的中文意思是“内心的”。故选B项。 【6题详解】 考查形容词。contradictory的中文意思是“矛盾的”。故选A项。 【7题详解】 考查形容词。solid的中文意思是“坚硬的”。故选D项。 【8题详解】 考查形容词。decent的中文意思是“相当好的”。故选C项。 选出与单词匹配的释义 A. 显示，带有 B. 浪费（机会） C. 透露，传开 D. 跳跃 9. bound ________ 10. bear ________ 11. blow ________ 12. break ________ 【答案】9. D 10. A 11. B 12. C 【解析】 【9题详解】 考查动词。bound的中文意思是“跳跃”。故选D项。 【10题详解】 考查动词。bear的中文意思是“显示，带有”。故选A项。 11题详解】 考查动词。blow的中文意思是“浪费（机会）”。故选B项。 【12题详解】 考查动词。break的中文意思是“透露，传开”。故选C项。 选出与单词匹配的释义 A. 身材 B. 幻想 C. 地区 D. 卷帘 13. district ________ 14. blind ________ 15. build ________ 16. fantasy ________ 【答案】13. C 14. D 15. A 16. B 【解析】 【13题详解】 考查名词。district的中文意思是“地区”。故选C项。 【14题详解】 考查名词。blind的中文意思是“卷帘”。故选D项。 【15题详解】 考查名词。build的中文意思是“身材”。故选A项。 【16题详解】 考查名词。fantasy的中文意思是“幻想”。故选B项。 选出与单词匹配的释义 A 雕刻 B. 投，扔，抛 C. 捕获 D. 迎合 17. cast ________ 18. cater ________ 19. carve ________ 20. capture ________ 【答案】17. B 18. D 19. A 20. C 【解析】 【17题详解】 考查动词。cast的中文意思是“投，扔，抛”。故选B项。 【18题详解】 考查动词。cater的中文意思是“迎合”。故选D项。 【19题详解】 考查动词。carve的中文意思是“雕刻”。故选A项。 【20题详解】 考查动词。capture的中文意思是“捕获”。故选C项。 选出与单词匹配的释义 A. 进攻 B. 妥协 C. 刊登 D. 推断 21. carry ________ 22. charge ________ 23. compromise ________ 24. deduce ________ 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B 24. D 【解析】 【21题详解】 考查动词。carry的中文意思是“刊登”。故选C项。 【22题详解】 考查动词。charge的中文意思是“进攻”。故选A项。 【23题详解】 考查动词。compromise的中文意思是“妥协”。故选B项。 【24题详解】 考查动词。deduce的中文意思是“推断”。故选D项。 选出与单词匹配的释义 A. 冲刺 B. 证据 C. 运气 D. 保护（自然环境） 25. chance ________ 26. conservation ________ 27. case ________ 28. dash ________ 【答案】25. C 26. D 27. B 28. A 【解析】 【25题详解】 考查名词。chance的中文意思是“运气”。故选C项。 【26题详解】 考查名词。conservation的中文意思是“保护（自然环境）”。故选D项。 【27题详解】 考查名词。case的中文意思是“证据”。故选B项。 【28题详解】 考查名词和动词。dash的中文意思是“冲刺”。故选A项。 选出与单词匹配的释义 A. 立刻地 B. 强制的 C. 机密的 D. 不靠近 29. compulsory ________ 30. clear ________ 31. confidential ________ 32. instantly ________ 【答案】29. B 30. D 31. C 32. A 【解析】 【29题详解】 考查形容词。compulsory的中文意思是“强制的”。故选B项。 【30题详解】 考查副词。clear的中文意思是“不靠近”。故选D项。 【31题详解】 考查形容词。confidential的中文意思是“机密的”。故选C项。 【32题详解】 考查副词。instantly的中文意思是“立刻地”。故选A项。 选出与单词匹配的释义 A. 相互的 B. 充足的 C. 高尚的 D. 荒唐的 33. mutual ________ 34. absurd ________ 35. abundant ________ 36. noble ________ 【答案】33. A 34. D 35. B 36. C 【解析】 【33题详解】 考查形容词。mutual的中文意思是“相互的”。故选A项。 【34题详解】 考查形容词。absurd的中文意思是“荒唐的”。故选D项。 【35题详解】 考查形容词。abundant的中文意思是“充足的”。故选B项。 【36题详解】 考查形容词。noble的中文意思是“高尚的”。故选C项。 选出与单词匹配的释义 A. 肖像 B. 争议 C. 员工 D. 仪式 37. staff ________ 38. ritual ________ 39. portrait ________ 40. controversy ________ 【答案】37. C 38. D 39. A 40. B 【解析】 【37题详解】 考查名词。staff的中文意思是“员工”。故选C项。 【38题详解】 考查名词。ritual的中文意思是“仪式”。故选D项。 【39题详解】 考查名词。portrait的中文意思是“肖像”。故选A项。 【40题详解】 考查名词。controversy的中文意思是“争议”。故选B项。 二、完型填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 It was the third period of the day and time for the physical education class. Once outside, students broke into an easy jog toward the field until, all of a sudden, Marcus cried out, “Look! What happened to the ___41___? It looks... angry.” The students turned to see what he was pointing at all at once: Someone painted angry faces on the walls of the stadium! During lunch, all of the students were whispering with ___42___ about the graffiti (涂鸦). Possible explanations spread like wildfire around the school. Later in the afternoon, when Brian cleaned the blackboard, Marcus suddenly ___43___ the paint on his hands. He ___44___ that it was Brian who painted the graffiti, so after school, Marcus followed Brian to his locker and ___45___ on what he was doing. When Brian opened his locker, Marcus saw small cans of paint in there! He decided to ___46___ it to Mr. Johnson. The next morning, Brian was called to the principal’s office. The moment Mr. Johnson asked ___47___ about the graffiti, tears started flowing down Brian’s cheeks. Filled with shame, he explained that he liked to paint, but he couldn’t join the ___48___ club because he had to go right home after school to baby- sit his little brother. “I don’t know why I painted those faces, and now I’ve ___49___ the stadium!” he sobbed. Mr. Johnson was quite angry at first, but he began to ____50____ as he realized how miserable Brian was. “Brian, painting graffiti on school walls is a very ____51____ matter. We have to call your mother, and, of course, you will have to clean and repaint the walls.” Mr. Johnson paused. “But, I must say, those paintings are quite good. Did you have any ____52____ with them?” Brian looked up and said, “No, I did them myself. Drawing and painting are the only things that I can do well.” Mr. Johnson looked at Brian and thought for a moment before making a decision. “Well,” he said, “some teachers suggested that we hire a local ____53____ to paint our school mascot(吉祥物)on the stadium wall. How would you feel about participating in that?” “Really?” Brian hesitated, unable to believe what he just heard. “Yes, but this project will be hard work, and you’ll be expected to complete the job on time. We can consider it part of your ____54____,” Mr. Johnson said, trying to hide his ____55____ as he picked up the phone. 41. A. field B. classroom C. office D. stadium 42. A. curiosity B. excitement C. fear D. relief 43. A. wiped B. examined C. spotted D. scanned 44. A. remembered B. suspected C. witnessed D. hoped 45. A. spied B. reflected C. commented D. hit 46. A. make B. report C. describe D. retell 47. A. hesitantly B. sympathetically C. directly D. patiently 48. A. art B. math C. sports D. music 49. A. changed B. decorated C. cleaned D. ruined 50. A. worry B. soften C. relax D. panic 51. A. strange B. urgent C. serious D. unusual 52. A. connection B. difficulty C. experience D. help 53. A. reporter B. artist C. designer D. scientist 54. A. talent B. responsibility C. punishment D. devotion 55. A. regret B. anger C. smile D. pride 【答案】41. D 42. A 43. C 44. B 45. A 46. B 47. C 48. A 49. D 50. B 51. C 52. D 53. B 54. C 55. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了学生Brian因为无法在放学后参加学校的艺术俱乐部，而在学校体育馆的墙上涂鸦，被校长发现后，校长了解了他的情况，决定让他参与在学校墙上画吉祥物的工作，作为他的一部分责任。 【41题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：看！体育场怎么了? A. field田地；B. classroom教室；C. office办公室；D. stadium体育馆。根据后文“Someone painted angry faces on the walls of the stadium!”可知，Marcus看到体育馆墙上被人画上了生气的脸。故选D项。 【42题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：午饭时，所有的学生都好奇地悄悄议论着涂鸦。A. curiosity好奇；B. excitement兴奋；C. fear害怕；D. relief宽慰。根据后文“Possible explanations spread like wildfire around the school.”可知，学生对于涂鸦充满了好奇，所以悄悄地议论各种可能性。故选A项。 【43题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：下午晚些时候，当Brian在擦黑板时，Marcus突然发现他手上有颜料。A. wiped擦；B. examined检查；C. spotted发现；D. scanned扫描。根据后文“the paint on his hands”和“He ____ that it was Brian who painted the graffiti”可知，Marcus发现Brian手上有颜料，所以怀疑是他画的涂鸦。故选C项。 【44题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他怀疑是Brian画的涂鸦。A. remembered记得；B. suspected怀疑；C. witnessed见证；D. hoped希望。根据后文“it was Brian who painted the graffiti, so after school, Marcus followed Brian to his locker”可知，Marcus怀疑Brian画了涂鸦，所以放学后跟踪他。故选B项。 【45题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以放学后，Marcus跟踪Brian到他的储物柜，暗中监视他在做什么。A. spied暗中监视；B. reflected反映；C. commented评论；D. hit打。根据前文“it was Brian who painted the graffiti”和“Marcus followed Brian to his locker”可知，Marcus怀疑Brian画了涂鸦，所以跟踪Brian到储物柜，暗中监视他在做什么。故选A项。 【46题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他决定向Johnson先生报告这件事。A. make制作；B. report报告；C. describe描述；D. retell复述。根据前文“When Brian opened his locker, Marcus saw small cans of paint in there!”和后文“to Mr. Johnson”可知，Marcus在Brian的储物柜里看到了小颜料罐，所以他决定把这件事报告给Johnson先生。故选B项。 【47题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：当Johnson先生直接问Brian关于涂鸦的事时，眼泪开始从Brian的脸颊上流下来。A. hesitantly犹豫地；B. sympathetically同情地；C. directly直接地；D. patiently耐心地。根据后文“tears started flowing down Brian’s cheeks”可知，Johnson先生直接问了Brian关于涂鸦的事，所以Brian哭了。故选C项。 【48题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他解释说，他喜欢画画，但他不能加入艺术俱乐部。A. art艺术；B. math数学；C. sports运动；D. music音乐。根据前文“he liked to paint”可知，他喜欢画画，所以此处是指他不能加入艺术俱乐部。故选A项。 【49题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不知道为什么我会画那些脸，现在我毁了体育馆！A. changed改变；B. decorated装饰；C. cleaned清洁；D. ruined毁掉。根据前文和后文“he sobbed”可推知，体育馆墙上被画上了生气的脸，所以Brian感觉是自己毁了体育馆。故选D项。 【50题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Johnson先生一开始很生气，但当他意识到Brian是多么痛苦时，他开始心软。A. worry担心；B. soften心软；C. relax放松；D. panic恐慌。根据前文“Mr. Johnson was quite angry at first”和后文“as he realized how miserable Brian was”可推知，Johnson先生一开始很生气，但是当他意识到Brian是多么痛苦时，他开始心软。故选B项。 【51题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Brian，在学校墙上涂鸦是一件非常严重的事情。A. strange奇怪的；B. urgent紧急的；C. serious严重的；D. unusual不寻常的。根据后文“We have to call your mother, and, of course, you will have to clean and repaint the walls.”可知，Johnson先生认为在学校墙上涂鸦是一件非常严重的事，所以要给Brian的妈妈打电话，让他清洁并重新粉刷墙壁。故选C项。 【52题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：你画这些画时有人帮你吗？A. connection联系；B. difficulty困难；C. experience经历；D. help帮助。根据后文“Brian looked up and said, ‘No, I did them myself.’”可知，Johnson先生问Brian画这些画时是否有人帮他。故选D项。 【53题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些老师建议我们雇一个当地的艺术家在我们体育馆的墙上画我们学校的吉祥物。A. reporter记者；B. artist艺术家；C. designer设计师；D. scientist科学家。根据后文“to paint our school mascot (吉祥物) on the stadium wall”可知，是要在体育馆的墙上画学校的吉祥物，所以此处是指雇一个当地的艺术家。故选B项。 【54题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们可以把它看作是对你的一部分惩罚。A. talent天赋；B. responsibility责任；C. punishment惩罚；D. devotion奉献。根据前文“Brian, painting graffiti on school walls is a very ____ matter. We have to call your mother, and, of course, you will have to clean and repaint the walls.”和“this project will be hard work, and you’ll be expected to complete the job on time”可知，在学校墙上涂鸦是一件非常严重的事情，所以按时完成这一项艰苦的工作也是对Brian的一点“惩罚”。故选C项。 【55题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Johnson先生说，当他拿起电话时，他试图掩饰自己的微笑。A. regret后悔；B. anger生气；C. smile微笑；D. pride骄傲。根据前文“Yes, but this project will be hard work, and you’ll be expected to complete the job on time. We can consider it part of your ____ ,”可知，Johnson先生给Brian安排了一个艰苦的画画项目作为“惩罚”，但其实这并不是惩罚，而是对Brian能力的肯定。所以Johnson先生对自己的安排感到满意，试图掩饰自己露出的微笑。故选C项。 三、阅读理解（共两节；满分38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，满分28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A Tom Sawyer Play Is an Adventure A 35-minute hand-clapping, foot-stomping musical version of a Mark Twain favorite returns with this Tall Stacks festival. “Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure” has all the good stuff, including the fence painting, the graveyard, the island and the cave. It is adapted by Joe McDonough, with music by David Kisor. That’s the local stage writing team that creates many of the Children’s Theatre of Cincinnati’s original musicals, along with the holiday family musicals at Ensemble Theatre. This year Nathan Turner of Burlington is Tom Sawyer, and Robbie McMath of Fort Mitchell is Huck Finn. Tumer, a 10th-grader at School for Creative and Performing Arts, is a familiar presence on Cincinnati’s stages. He is a star act or of Children’s Theatre, having played leading roles in “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “The Wizard of Oz,” and is fresh from Jersey Production “Ragtime”. McMath is a junior at Beechwood High School. He was in the cast of “Tom Sawyer” when it was first performed and is a Children’s Theatre regular, with five shows to his credit. This summer he attended Kentucky’s Governor’s School for the Arts in Musical Theatre. Note to teachers: Children’s Theatre has a study guide demonstrating how math and science can be taught through “Tom Sawyer.” For downloadable lessons, visit the official website of Children’s Theatre. 56 Who wrote the music for “Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure”? A. David Kisor. B. Joe McDonough. C. Nathan Turner. D. Robbie McMath. 57. What can we learn about the two actors? A. They study in the same school. B. They worked together in ”Ragtime“. C. They are experienced on stage. D. They became friends ten years ago. 58. What does Children’s Theatre provide for teachers? A. Research funding. B. Training opportunities. C. Technical support. D. Educational resources. 【答案】56. A 57. C 58. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍由马克·吐温的作品所改编的音乐剧《汤姆·索亚：河上历险记》。 【56题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It is adapted by Joe McDonough, with music by David Kisor.(本剧由乔·麦克多诺改编，大卫·基索作曲。)”可知，本剧是由大卫·基索作曲的。故选A项。 【57题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Tumer, a 10th-grader at School for Creative and Performing Arts, is a familiar presence on Cincinnati’s stages. He is a star act or of Children’s Theatre, having played leading roles in “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “The Wizard of Oz,” and is fresh from Jersey Production “Ragtime”.(Tumer是一名创意与表演艺术学校的10年级学生，是辛辛那提舞台上的常客。他是儿童剧院的明星演员，曾在《断头谷的传说》和《绿野仙踪》中担任主角，也是新泽西制作公司‘Ragtime’的新成员。)”可知，Tumer是辛辛那提舞台上的常客，儿童剧院的明星演员，曾在《断头谷的传说》和《绿野仙踪》中担任主角；根据第五段中的“McMath is a junior at Beechwood High School. He was in the cast of “Tom Sewyer” when it was first performed and is a Children’s Theatre regular, with five shows to his credit.(McMath是比奇伍德高中的三年级学生。他是《汤姆·休厄》首演时的演员，也是儿童剧院的常客，演出了五场。)”可知，McMath也是儿童剧院的常客；综合以上信息可知，这两位演员在舞台上经验丰富。故选C项。 【58题详解】 细节理解题。根据尾段中的“Note to teachers: Children’s Theatre has a study guide demonstrating how math and science can be taught through “Tom Sawyer.” For downloadable lessons, visit the official website of Children’s Theatre.(给老师们的提示：儿童剧院有一份学习指南，展示了如何通过《汤姆·索亚》教授数学和科学。如欲下载课程，请访问儿童剧院官方网站。)”可知，儿童剧院为教师提供了一份学习指南，展示如何通过《汤姆·索亚》教授数学和科学，可通过儿童剧院的网站下载课程；由此可知，儿童剧院为教师提供了教育资源。故选D项。 B New App Helps People Remember Faces Large gatherings such as weddings and conferences can be socially overwhelming. Pressure to learn people’s names only adds to the stress. A new facial- recognition app could come to the rescue, but privacy experts recommend proceeding with caution. The app, called SocialRecall, connects names with faces via smartphone cameras and facial recognition, potentially avoiding the need for formal introductions. “It breaks down these social barriers we all have when meeting somebody,” says Barry Sandrew, who created the app and tested it at an event attended by about 1,000 people. After receiving an invitation to download SocialRecall from an event organizer, the user is asked to take two selfies and sign in via social media. At the event, the app is active within a previously defined geographical area. When a user points his or her phone camera at an attendee’s face, the app identifies the individual, displays the person’s name, and links to his or her social media profile. To protect privacy, it recognizes only those who have agreed to participate. And the app’s creators say it automatically deletes users’ data after an event. Ann Cavoukian, a privacy expert who runs the Privacy by Design Center of Excellence praises the app’s creators for these protective measures. She cautions, however, that when people choose to share their personal information with the app, they should know that “there may be unintended consequences down the road with that information being used in another context that might come back to bite you.” The start- up has also developed a version of the app for individuals who suffer from prosopagnosia, or “face blindness”, a condition that prevents people from recognizing individuals they have met. To use this app, a person first acquires an image of someone’s face from either the smartphone’s camera or a photograph, and then tags it with a name. When the camera spots that same face in real life, the previously entered information is displayed. The collected data are stored only on a user’s phone, according to the team behind the app. 59. Paragraph 3 is mainly about ________. A. how the app works B. how the app was created C. what makes the app popular D. what people can do with the app 60. SocialRecall helps people with prosopagnosia by ________. A. giving names to the photos kept in their smartphones B. collecting information previously entered in the phone C. providing the information of a person when they first meet D. showing the person’s information when it spots a stored face 61. What can we learn about SocialRecall from the passage? A. It may put people’s privacy at risk. B. It has caused unintended consequences. C. It can prevent some communication disorders. D. It is praised by users for its protective measures. 【答案】59. A 60. D 61. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一款新的应用程序帮助人们识别面孔，但也有可能泄露隐私。 【59题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段中“After receiving an invitation to download Social Recall from an event organizer, the user is asked to take two selfies and sign in via social media. At the event, the app is active within a previously defined geographical area. When a user points his or her phone camera at an attendee’s face, the app identifies the individual, displays the name, and links to his or her social media profile. To protect privacy, it recognizes only those who have agreed to participate. And the app’s creators say it automatically deletes users’ data after an event.(在收到活动组织者发出的下载Social Recall的邀请后，用户被要求自拍两张，并通过社交媒体登录。在活动中，应用程序在预先定义的地理区域内激活。当用户将手机摄像头对准与会者的脸时，应用程序就会识别出这个人，显示他的名字，并链接到他或她的社交媒体资料。为了保护隐私，它只承认那些同意参与的人。该应用程序的开发者表示，它会在事件发生后自动删除用户数据)”可知，本段主要介绍Social Recall这款应用程序是如何工作的。故选A。 【60题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“To use this app, a person first acquires an image of someone’s face from either the smartphone’s camera or a photograph, and then tags it with a name. When the camera spots that same face in real life, the previously entered information is displayed. The collected data are stored only on a user’s phone, according to the team behind the app.(要使用这款应用程序，用户首先要从智能手机的摄像头或照片上获取某人的面部图像，然后给它贴上一个名字。当摄像头在现实生活中发现同一张脸时，之前输入的信息就会显示出来。该应用程序的研发团队表示，收集到的数据只存储在用户的手机上)”可知，SocialRecall在发现存储的人脸时，会显示此人的信息，这样就可以帮助脸盲症患者。故选D。 【61题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“She cautions, however, that when people choose to share their personal information with the app, they should know that “there may be unintended consequences down the road with that information being used in another context that might come back to bite you.”(然而，她警告说，当人们选择在应用程序上分享他们的个人信息时，他们应该知道，“这些信息可能会在未来产生意想不到的后果，这些后果可能会在另一个环境中被使用，这可能会反过来伤害你。”)”可推知，根据隐私专家的说法，Social Recall这款应用程序可能会危及人们的隐私。故选A。 C The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy. Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid. The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spent on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances. 62. What is the book aimed at? A. Teaching critical thinking skills. B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle. C. Solving philosophical problems. D. Promoting the use of a digital device. 63. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over. 64. What is presented in the final chapter of part one? A. Theoretical models. B. Statistical methods. C. Practical examples. D. Historical analyses. 65. What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two? A. Use them as needed. B. Recommend them to friends. C. Evaluate their effects. D. Identify the ideas behind them. 【答案】62. B 63. A 64. C 65. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。 【62题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. (这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学)”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选B。 【63题详解】 词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. (这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动)”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。 【64题详解】 推理判断题。通过文章第四段“In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. (在第一部分的最后一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数字清理。在这样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同意进行数字清理)”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子。故选C。 【65题详解】 推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances. (你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮助你建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式)”可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第二部分中提及的实践。故选A。 【点睛】 D Mark Twain has been called the inventor of the American novel. And he surely deserves additional praise: the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism. I say clever because anti-slavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the Civil War. H. B. Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin is only the most famous example. These early stories dealt directly with slavery. With minor exceptions, Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely. He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story. Again and again, in the postwar years, Twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of race. Consider the most controversial, at least today, of Twain’s novels, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Only a few books have been kicked off the shelves as often as Huckleberry Finn, Twain’s most widely read tale. Once upon a time, people hated the book because it struck them as rude. Twain himself wrote that those who banned the book considered the novel “trash and suitable only for the slums (贫民窟).” More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim, the escaped slave, and many occurrences of the word nigger. (The term Nigger Jim, for which the novel is often severely criticized, never appears in it.) But the attacks were and are silly — and miss the point. The novel is strongly anti- slavery. Jim’s search through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroicz. As J. Chadwick has pointed out, the character of Jim was a first in American fiction — a recognition that the slave had two personalities, “the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual: Jim, the father and the man.” There is much more. Twain’s mystery novel Pudd’nhead Wilson stood as a challenge to the racial beliefs of even many of the liberals of his day. Written at a time when the accepted wisdom held Negroes to be interior (低等的) to whites, especially in intelligence, Twain’s tale centered in part around two babies switched at birth. A slave gave birth to her master’s baby and, for fear that the child should be sold South, switched him for the master’s baby by his wife. The slave’s light- skinned child was taken to be white and grew up with both the attitudes and the education of the slave-holding class. The master’s wife’s baby was taken for black and grew up with the attitudes and intonations of the slave. The point was difficult to miss: nurture (养育), not nature, was the key to social status. The features of the black man that provided the stuff of prejudice — manner of speech, for example — were, to Twain, indicative of nothing other than the conditioning that slavery forced on its victims. Twain’s racial tone was not perfect. One is left uneasy, for example, by the lengthy passage in his autobiography (自传) about how much he loved what were called “nigger shows” in his youth — mostly with white men performing in black-face — and his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them. Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality. His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not. Was Twain a racist? Asking the questioning the 21st century is as wise as asking the same of Lincoln. If we read the words and attitudes of the past through the “wisdom” of the considered moral judgments of the present, we will find nothing but error. Lincoln, who believed the black man the inferior of the white, fought and won a war to tree hm. And Twain, raised in a slave state, briefly a soldier, and inventor of Jim, may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century. 66. How do Twain’s novels on slavery differ from Stowes? A. Twain was more willing to deal with racism. B. Twain’s attack on racism was much less open. C. Twain’s themes seemed to agree with plots. D. Twain was openly concerned with racism. 67. What best proves Twain’s anti-slavery stand according to the author? A. Jim’s search for his family was described in detail. B. The slave’s voice was first heard in American novels. C. Jim grew up into a man and a father in the white culture. D. Twain suspected that the slaves were less intelligent. 68. The story of two babies switched mainly indicates that ________. A. slaves were forced to give up their babies to their masters B. slaves’ babies could pickup slave holders’ way of speaking C. blacks’ social position was shaped by how they were brought up D. blacks were born with certain features of prejudice 69. What does the author mainly argue for? A. Twain had done more than his contemporary writers to attack racism. B. Twain was an admirable figure comparable to Abraham Lincoln. C. Twain’s works had been banned on unreasonable grounds. D. Twain s works should be read from a historical point of view. 【答案】66. B 67. C 68. C 69. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过研究马克·吐温的作品，来判定他是否是一名种族主义者。作者列举了大量事实，说明了马克·吐温是名反对种族主义的斗士，反驳了别人那些错误的观点。 【66题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“H. B. Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin is only the most famous example. These early stories dealt directly with slavery. With minor exceptions, Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely. He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.”（斯陀夫人的《汤姆叔叔的小屋》就是最著名的例子。这些早期的故事直接涉及奴隶制。吐温对奴隶制和偏见的攻击被植入到表面上完全是关于其他事情的故事中。他把读者吸引到故事中，从而把他们吸引到争论中来。）可知，马克·吐温的小说对奴隶制的攻击更加隐蔽，而不是像斯陀夫人那样直接处理奴隶制问题，因此，马克·吐温的小说与斯托夫的不同之处在于他的攻击没那么公开。故选B项。 【67题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“But the attacks were and are silly — and miss the point. The novel is strongly anti- slavery.”（但这些攻击过去和现在都很愚蠢，而且没有抓住重点。这部小说强烈反对奴隶制。）和“As J. Chadwick has pointed out, the character of Jim was a first in American fiction — a recognition that the slave had two personalities, “the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual: Jim, the father and the man.””（J·查德威克(J. Chadwick)指出，吉姆这个角色是美国小说中第一个承认奴隶有两种人格的人物，“一种是白人奴隶文化中生存的声音，另一种是个人的声音：吉姆，父亲和男人。”）可推知，小说主人公吉姆在白人的奴隶文化中成长为一个男人和一个父亲，这个角色的塑造最能证明吐温的反奴隶制立场。故选C项。 【68题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段“The point was difficult to miss: nurture (养育), not nature, was the key to social status. The features of the black man that provided the stuff of prejudice — manner of speech, for example — were, to Twain, indicative of nothing other than the conditioning that slavery forced on its victims.”（这一点很难忽视：养育，而不是天性，是社会地位的关键。吐温认为，黑人的特征——比如说话方式——所提供的偏见，只不过表明了奴隶制对其受害者的强制影响。）可知，两个婴儿被调换的故事主要表明黑人的社会地位是由他们的成长环境塑造的，而不是由他们的天性决定的。故选C项。 【69题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Mark Twain has been called the inventor of the American novel. And he surely deserves additional praise: the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.”（马克·吐温被称为美国小说的发明者。他当然应该得到额外的赞扬：他让对种族主义的巧妙的文学攻击得以普及。）和最后一段中“And Twain, raised in a slave state, briefly a soldier, and inventor of Jim, may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century.”（吐温在一个蓄奴州长大，曾短暂当兵，还是吉姆的创作者，他可能比上个世纪的任何小说家都更能激起美国人对种族不平等的愤怒，更能唤醒美国人的集体良知。）可知，作者主要论证了在抨击种族主义方面，吐温比同时代的作家做得更多。故选A项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多于选项。 The War Against Sand Imagine living on the edge of a vast desert, which is moving quietly closer to your village every day and covering your fields. The desert is on the move. This is called desertification. Desertification occurs in regions close to an already existing desert. ___70___ The first is over-use of water in the area. There is not enough water in any case, and if it is not carefully used, disaster can follow. As time goes on, water shortages make farming more and more difficult. In some places, locals can remember local lakes and marshes which were once the homes for all kinds of fish and birds. ___71___ Farmers leave the land, and fields are replaced by deserts. The second cause is misuse or over-use of the land. ___72___ Ploughing (耕) large fields and removing bushes and trees means that the wind will blow away the soil. Once the soil is lost, it is hard to replace, and if there is rain, it has nowhere to go, and brings no benefit. ___73___ Every spring, the skies over some of eastern cities, thousands of kilometers away from the deserts, can be darkened by sandstorms. Dust from deserts can have a great effect on weather systems. While desertification is perhaps being partly caused by global warming, these sandstorms can make global warming worse by adding to what is known as the greenhouse effect. What can be done to slow down or stop the process of desertification? A great deal of work is already under way. Obviously first steps are to find new water sources. ___74___ Some types of grass also hold the soil together, and stop the wind taking it. Without these efforts, it will be harder and harder to stop the world’s deserts in their tracks, and more and more farmers will give up and head for cities. The lesson to be learnt lies beneath the sand. A. It generally arises from two related causes. B. It is not only the farmers and villagers who suffer. C. They have been completely buried by the sand now. D. Scientists are doing the research on the cause of desertification. E. They destroy the land as the soil dries out and is then blown away. F. Tree planting can help, by providing barriers between desert and rich field. G. This means that the wrong crops are planted, and need more water than is available. 【答案】70. A 71. C 72. G 73. B 74. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了沙漠化的原因、影响以及应对措施。 【70题详解】 上文“Desertification occurs in regions close to an already existing desert. (荒漠化发生在靠近已经存在的沙漠的地区)”提出沙漠化发生在靠近已有沙漠的地区这一现象，而下文“The first is over- use of water in the area.(首先是该地区过度用水)”和“The second cause is misuse or over-use of the land.(第二个原因是滥用或过度使用土地)”列举了两个相关的原因。A选项“It generally arises from two related causes.(它通常源于两个相关的原因)”承上启下，引出下文两个原因，上下文语意连贯。故选A项。 【71题详解】 上文“locals can remember local lakes and marshes which were once the homes for all kinds of fish and birds. (当地人还记得当地的湖泊和沼泽，它们曾经是各种鱼类和鸟类的家园)”提到一些湖泊和沼泽曾经是各种鱼和鸟类的家园，C选项“They have been completely buried by the sand now.(它们现在完全被沙子掩埋了)”承接上文并引出下文，说明这些湖泊和沼泽的现状，句中“now”与上文“once”相照应，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。 【72题详解】 上文“The second cause is misuse or over-use of the land.(第二个原因是滥用或过度使用土地)”提到沙漠化发生在靠近已有沙漠的地区的第二个原因：滥用或过度使用土地。G选项“This means that the wrong crops are planted, and need more water than is available.(这意味着种植了错误的作物，而且需要的水比可用的多)”承接上文，解释了“滥用或过度使用土地”的意思，句中“This”指代上文“over-use of the land”，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。 【73题详解】 下文“Every spring, the skies over some of eastern cities, thousands of kilometers away from the deserts, can be darkened by sandstorms.(每年春天，一些远离沙漠数千公里东部城市的天空都会因沙尘暴而变暗)”提到沙漠化还会影响到更远的地区，是对B选项“It is not only the farmers and villagers who suffer.(不仅仅是农民和村民受到影响)”的进一步说明，上下文语意连贯。故选B项。 【74题详解】 上文“Obviously first steps are to find new water sources.(显然，第一步是寻找新的水源)”和下文“Some types of grass also hold the soil together, and stop the wind taking it.(有些种类的草还能把土壤粘在一起，阻止风带走它)”都是减缓或阻止沙漠化的进程的方法。F选项“Tree planting can help, by providing barriers between desert and rich field.(植树可以提供帮助，通过在沙漠和肥沃的田地之间提供屏障)”与上下文构成并列关系，列举了可以通过植树的方式来应对沙漠化，回答了段首的问题“What can be done to slow down or stop the process of desertification?(我们可以做些什么来减缓或阻止沙漠化的进程?)”，与上下文语意连贯。故选F项。 四、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The turtle dove is the UK’s fastest-declining bird species, according to a recent study. The data, ____75____ (record) by almost 1, 000 volunteers, farmers and county bird clubs, shows there are now nearly 2, 100 pairs left, down from some 125, 000 pairs in 1970. Loss of habitats and shooting in southern Europe ____76____(think)to be driving the decline. There is hope, however, as the government ____77____ (work) with landowners to allow more food supplies in the habitats now. 【答案】75. recorded 76. are thought 77. is working 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国衰退最快的鸟类物种斑鸠数量下降的原因，政府正在采取措施保护他们。 【75题详解】 考查非谓语。句意：由近1000名志愿者、农民和县鸟类俱乐部记录的数据显示，现在只剩下近2100对，低于1970年的12.5万对。分析句子可知，空处应用非谓语形式在句中作定语，且动词record与被修饰词The data构成被动关系，故用过去分词形式。故填recorded。 【76题详解】 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：南欧栖息地的丧失和枪击事件被认为是造成这种下降的原因。句子陈述一般事实，应用一般现在时，空处动词与主语构成被动关系，句子应用被动语态，主语Loss of habitats and shooting in southern Europe“南欧栖息地的丧失和枪击事件”是两个方面，故be动词用are。故填are thought。 【77题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：然而，还是有希望的，因为现在政府正在与土地所有者合作，允许更多的食物供应到栖息地。根据句中时间状语now可知，句子应用现在进行时，主语the government为单数名词，be动词用is。故填is working。 B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 In May, the COMA C919, China’s first domestically designed passenger plane, ____78____ (successful) completed its first flight, marking a milestone in China’s space history. So far, China has solved ____79____ (difficulty) in more than 100 key technologies and applied for more than 10,000 patents. In the past, China mainly depended ____80____ the technologies from other countries, but it is applying its own today, helping to promote the high-quality ____81____ (develop) of the country’s economy. 【答案】78. successfully 79. difficulties 80. on 81. development 【解析】 【导语】本文一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国第一架国产客机中国商飞C919成功在5月完成首飞，标志着中国航天史上的一个里程碑。 【78题详解】 考查副词。句意：5月，中国第一架国产客机中国商飞C919成功完成首飞，标志着中国航天史上的一个里程碑。分析句子可知，空处修饰动词completed，应用副词successfully，在句中作状语。故填successfully。 【79题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：到目前为止，中国已经解决了100多项关键技术的困难，申请了1万多项专利。根据more than 100 key technologies可知，此处difficulty指具体困难，应用复数形式。故填difficulties。 【80题详解】 考查介词。句意：过去，中国主要依赖其他国家的技术，但今天正在应用自己的技术，有助于推动国家经济的高质量发展。depend on“依靠，依赖”为固定短语。故填on。 【81题详解】 考查名词。句意：过去，中国主要依赖其他国家的技术，但今天正在应用自己的技术，有助于推动国家经济的高质量发展。分析句子可知，空处在句中作宾语，应用名词development，不可数名词。故填development。 C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Anna Jones is a journalist, ____82____ first book, Divide-The Relationship Crisis Between Town and Country, was longlisted for the 2022 James Cropper Wainwright Prize. ____83____ (grow) up on a farm and working in the city have given Anna a rare insight into rural life. Anna started the non-profit communications project “Just Farmers” in 2018. She also runs a media education program to help farmers find confidence to share ____84____ they have experienced with the wider world. 【答案】82. whose 83. Growing 84. what 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了安娜·琼斯的第一本书《城乡关系危机的划分》入围2022年詹姆斯·克罗珀·温赖特奖。她从小在农村长大，使得她对农村生活有独特见解，并创立一些项目来帮助农民。 【82题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：安娜·琼斯是一名记者，她的第一本书《城乡关系危机的划分》入围2022年詹姆斯·克罗珀·温赖特奖。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且先行词Anna Jones在从句中作定语，故用关系代词whose。故填whose。 【83题详解】 考查动名词。句意：在农场长大和在城市工作让安娜对农村生活有了难得的了解。分析句子可知，空处应用动名词形式在句中和working一起作并列主语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Growing。 【84题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：她还开办了一个媒体教育项目，帮助农民找到信心，与更广泛的世界分享他们的经历。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，且指代事情，应用连接代词what作引导词。故填what。 五、阅读表达（共4小题；第85、86每题2分，第87题3分，第88题5分，满分12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Shakespeare Week William Shakespeare’s plays are among the best- loved classics in the English language. They contain humor, suspense and deep emotion- sometimes all in a single play. Many of Shakespeare’s plays are based (sometimes loosely) on historical events or legends. The thing that makes his plays stand out, though, is their language. Shakespeare had a way of expressing a variety of feelings and ideas in deeply moving words. In fact, many common phrases and idioms originated with him. The Shakespeare Birthplace Trust, a charity that cares for historical sites related to Shakespeare’s life, provides educational resources about this influential playwright. This week the organization is sponsoring a celebration called Shakespeare Week. Events are aimed at primary school students, many of whom will be encountering his works for the first time. Children around the world study Shakespeare and his works in school, yet their experience is often oriented toward preparing for exams. For many modern English- speakers, Shakespeare’s16th- century writing can be difficult and frustrating. The purpose of Shakespeare Week is to give children a more positive experience with Shakespeare, starting at a young age. They do this using books, videos and activities that stimulate the children’s creativity. Last year’s Shakespeare Week was focused on art and design. It included resources developed by famous authors, illustrators and even a TV host. A new event — a portrait competition — was added to the Shakespeare Week celebration last year. Children 11 years old and younger submitted portraits of Shakespeare to win prizes. This year’s Shakespeare Week, which is going on right now, focuses on the theme of well- being. Its events and resources are designed to promote emotional learning as well as physical, moral and social health. Through the Shakespeare Week activities and events, children get to experience works of art. Organizers hope this will influence their lives and encourage their love of Shakespeare for years to come. 85. What is the outstanding feature of Shakespeare’s plays? ________________________________________________________________ 86. What themes of Shakespeare Week are mentioned in the passage? ________________________________________________________________ 87. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. By participating in Shakespeare Week, children can benefit a lot, because they can prepare for exams better. ________________________________________________________________ 88. What kind of activity would you plan for Shakespeare Week?(In about 40 words) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】85. His language 86. Art and design; well-being 87. By participating in Shakespeare Week, children can benefit a lot, because they can prepare for exams better.；Because the purpose of Shakespeare Week is not to help children better prepare for exams, but to give them a more positive experience of Shakespeare. 88. I would plan a drama performance activity for Shakespeare Week. Students can choose a scene from one of Shakespeare’s plays and act it out, which would help them understand and appreciate his works better. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了莎士比亚的作品及其影响，以及莎士比亚周活动的举办目的和主题。 【85题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“The thing that makes his plays stand out, though, is their language.(然而，让他的戏剧脱颖而出的却是他的语言)”可知，莎士比亚戏剧的突出特点是其语言。故答案为：His language。 【86题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Last year’s Shakespeare Week was focused on art and design.(去年的莎士比亚周专注于艺术和设计)”和第五段中的“This year’s Shakespeare Week, which is going on right now, focuses on the theme of well-being.(今年的莎士比亚周，现在正在进行，关注的主题是幸福)”可知，文章中提到了莎士比亚周的主题有艺术和设计以及福祉。故答案为：Art and design; well-being。 【87题详解】 考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“The purpose of Shakespeare Week is to give children a more positive experience with Shakespeare, starting at a young age.(莎士比亚周的目的是让孩子们从小就对莎士比亚有更积极的体验)”可知，莎士比亚周的目的是为了让孩子们对莎士比亚有更积极的体验，而不是为了让他们更好地准备考试。因此，“because they can prepare for exams better”这部分表述是错误的。故答案为：By participating in Shakespeare Week, children can benefit a lot, because they can prepare for exams better.；Because the purpose of Shakespeare Week is not to help children better prepare for exams, but to give them a more positive experience of Shakespeare. 【88题详解】 考查开放性问答。对于莎士比亚周的活动计划，可以围绕莎士比亚的作品和人物进行创作或表演活动。例如：我会为莎士比亚周计划一场戏剧表演活动。学生们可以选择莎士比亚戏剧中的一个场景进行表演，这将有助于他们更好地理解和欣赏他的作品。故答案为：I would plan a drama performance activity for Shakespeare Week. Students can choose a scene from one of Shakespeare’s plays and act it out, which would help them understand and appreciate his works better. 六、书面表达（满分15分） 89. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你得知故宫正在招聘假期义务英文讲解员，请你给相关部门负责人写一封申请信，内容包括： 1．介绍你的基本信息； 2．说明你的优势； 3．表示你希望被录用。 注意： 1. 词数100左右。 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：故宫the Forbidden City Dear Sir or Madam, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Sir or Madam, I have learned that English volunteer guides for the Forbidden City are wanted in the winter vacation. I am writing to apply for this position. I’m a Senior 3 student in Hongxing Middle School, and I believe I am qualified for the position. These years, I have been on several exchange programs in America, so I am confident with my communication skills in English. What’s more, as a fan of Chinese ancient history, I am sure my knowledge will prove helpful when I introduce the Forbidden City to foreign guests. I would be very grateful if you could offer me the opportunity. Thank you for your consideration. Sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封申请信，申请故宫假期义务英文讲解员的工作。 【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和现在完成时，少量一般将来时。 结构：总分法 总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。 要求： 1. 介绍你的基本信息； 2. 说明你的优势; 3. 表示你希望被录用。 第二步:列提纲 （重点词组） apply for; be qualified for; be confident with; communication skills; Chinese ancient history; introduce sth. to sb. 第三步：连词成句 1. I have learned that English volunteer guides for the Forbidden City are wanted in the winter vacation. 2. I’m a Senior 3 student in Hongxing Middle School, and I believe I am qualified for the position. 3. These years, I have been on several exchange programs in America, so I am confident with my communication skills in English. 4. I would be very grateful if you could offer me the opportunity. 5. Thank you for your consideration. 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词） 1.表并列补充关系：what’s more, and 2.表因果关系：so 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。 【点睛】[高分句型1]. I have learned that English volunteer guides for the Forbidden City are wanted in the winter vacation. （由that引导的宾语从句作learned的宾语） [高分句型2]. What’s more, as a fan of Chinese ancient history, I am sure my knowledge will prove helpful when I introduce the Forbidden City to foreign guests. （由when引导的时间状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $