必修三Unit 2 Natural disasters 能力提升-2025届新高考英语一轮复习强基固本能力提升(译林版2020)

必修三Unit 2 Natural disasters能力提升 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)(略) 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A (2024届北京大兴精华学校高三下学期三模)Almost every day, we learn of disasters of one form or another through the media. These include not just major disasters that affect large areas for a long time. A severe storm, an electric power breakdown, or a house fire can bring a personal disaster to an individual. This brochure aims to help you develop your personal preparedness plan. IStockpiling food and drink● Drinking is more important than eating. Keep about 14 liters of liquid per person in stock for each week. ● No experiments. Your supplies should mainly consist of food and drink that you normally have. ● Ensure that your supplies can be stored for long periods of time without refrigeration and that most of them can be eaten cold. ⅡEmergency pack ● The aim of a disaster supplies kit should be to help you to cope with the possibility of having to exist for a few days outside of your house. Don't take more for each family member than could be conveniently contained within the confines of a rucksack(帆布背包). A rucksack is more practical than a suitcase, as it allows you to have both hands free. ● The emergency rucksack should contain these items: —First aid materials, personal medication —Sleeping bag or blanket —Hygiene products for a couple of days ⅢElectric power breakdown ● Keep a supply of torches and candles, as well as spare batteries, matches or lighters in the house. Remember that batteries do not last indefinitely. Regularly use the batteries up and replace them. ● You can prepare smaller meals on a camping stove, one that can be operated through the use of charcoal(木炭)or gas. ⅣKeep up-to-date in an emergency Floods or heavy snowfalls may lead to parts of the population getting cut off from the outside world. Information and warnings are important for survival. Those who are trapped can often only be reached by radio, television or the Internet. However, television and the Internet only work when there is electric power, which could fail. This leaves just the radio as the main warning device. ⅤAbout us The Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance(BBK)was established in 2004 as a central organizational unit for civil security in Germany. The BBK is your reliable partner for emergency preparedness and self-help. You can find further information on our website. 21. The brochure is provided in order to _______. A. inform people about recent disasters B. provide tips on how to survive in a disaster C. encourage people to stockpile food and drink on a regular basis D. promote the Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance 22. What is the recommended device to receive warnings during a disaster? A. A laptop. B. A television. C. A mobile phone. D. A battery-powered radio. 23. The Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance is _______. A. a charity that collects donations for disaster victims B. a non-profit organization that provides disaster relief globally C. an international organization that coordinates disaster response efforts D. a government agency that prepares people for emergencies in Germany B (2023-2024学年江西省宜春市丰城市九中高三上学期12月考)Super Typhoon Rai(known as “Odette” in the Philippines)made landfall on Siargao Island in southeastern Philippines at 1:30 pm local time on Thursday, December 16. The typhoon was the 15th storm to hit the country in 2021 and was the strongest storm of 2021. Almost 16 million Filipinos were facing threats including strong winds, heavy rains, flooding, landslides, displacement and risking loss of life, home, livelihood and agriculture. Around 700,000 of them were children. UNICEF(United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund)expressed deep concern for children and families at risk and announced its commitment to providing support to the Philippine government. Reyn Ambag was one of the children who were rescued during the typhoon. 12-year-old Reyn Ambag is a grade 7 student living on the island of Siargao. He goes to school in San Isidro National High School which is located in the Municipality of San Isidro. With Values Education as his favorite subject in school, Reyn is always ready to help others. Reyn is raised by his mother who is a single parent and runs a retail store alone. Aside from his mother, his cousin has also been living with them to help out in the absence of Reyn’s father. Reyn’s mother provides for all three of them. She is able to support their daily needs and Reyn’s schooling by the income she gets from the small retail store. During Typhoon Odette, Reyn’s family stayed inside the comfort room of the school where they were evacuated(疏散)to. There, he witnessed through the window how the strong winds of the typhoon destroyed the area. They stayed there until the storm subsided and it was safe for them to go out. Upon returning to their home, they were astonished to find that their house was damaged due to the fallen trees. After observing the delays in restoring the electricity in their community, Reyn wanted to pursue a related job in the future. “I want to be an electrician someday so that if a power cut would happen because of a typhoon, I would be able to help in restoring it for free,” said Reyn. 24. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. Different types of natural disasters. B. The introduction of a typhoon and its threats. C. Historical data of the strongest typhoons. D. The government’s reaction to Super Typhoon Rai. 25. Where does Reyn’s schooling fees come from? A. His father. B. His cousin. C. His family store. D. His part-time job. 26. What does the underlined word “subsided” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A. Broke into. B. Fell apart. C. Went over. D. Died down. 27. Why did Reyn intend to become an electrician? A. To make money to support his family. B. To reward the community with his work. C. To restore power in time after typhoons. D. To meet his mother’s expectations of him. C (2023-2024学年山东省部分名校高三下学期2月份大联考)Fountains of lava erupted from the Sundhnúkur volcanic system in southwest Iceland on January 14th, 2024. Lava flows welled up from a new gap, attacking the suburbs of Grindavík with at least three houses in their path burnt down. Nearby, construction vehicles that had been working for weeks to build large earthen dams in an attempt to divert(使转向)the lava’s flow had to pull back. Lava is subject to gravity like other fluids, so it will flow down along a path of steepest descent(斜坡). With the temperature of its molten rock often well above 1,000 degrees Celsius, not much can stand in its way. Humans have tried many ways to stop lava in the past, from attempting to freeze it in place by cooling it with sea water, to using explosive s to cut off its supply. However, no attempt was successful. Most recent efforts have focused instead on building dams in an attempt to divert the lava’s flow toward a different path of steepest descent, into a different “lavashed,” where lava would naturally flow. Results have been mixed, but diversion can be successful if the lava flow can be clearly diverted into a distinct area where lava would naturally flow — without threatening a different community in the process. Many attempts to divert lava have failed, however. Barriers built in Italy to stop Mt. Etna’s lava flows in 1992 slowed the flow, but the lava eventually over topped each one. Diverting lava in Grindavík is difficult, in part because the land around Grindavík is relatively flat, making it harder to identify a clear alternative path of steepest descent for redirecting the lava. Icelandic officials reported on January 15th that most of the lava from the main fissure had flowed along the outside the barrier, however a new gap had also opened inside the perimeter(外围), sending lava into a neighborhood. Unfortunately, that implies that Grindavík remains at risk. 28. What do we know about the lava erupting from the Sundhnúkur volcanic system? A. It severely affected the downtown area of Grindavík. B. It forced the construction of large earthen dams to suspend. C. It was successfully redirected by the earthen barriers. D. It completely buried a residential area. 29. How many ways are mentioned to stop the lava? A. Five. B. Four. C. Three. D. Two. 30. The lava flow in Grindavík remains a risk because ________. A. the lava has destroyed many buildings B. there is no suitable dam to divert the lava C. the land around Grindavík is relatively flat D. the lava has already entered a populated area 31. What is the text mainly about? A. How earthen barrier functions. B. What can be done to prevent lava. C. Why volcanic lava is so hard to stop. D. What lava has brought about in Iceland. D (2024届贵州省部分学校高三下学期5月份联考)On August 21, 1986, a man making his way to Nyos, a village near a lake in northwest Cameroon, found dozens of dead animals along the road. He called into a home to see if the residents knew what had happened. Instead of getting answers, the man discovered that everyone in the village was dead, though they seemed otherwise unharmed. Within days, officials confirmed that more than 1,700 people had died, along with several thousand animals. The strange and tragic event seemed similar to one that occurred at Lake Monoun two years earlier, just 60 miles to the south, where villagers found 37 people and many animals dead along its shores. Initially, authorities were confused about the cause. Witnesses reported hearing strange sounds and seeing a sudden rise of white cloud from the lake, which quickly disappeared. Fortunately, the disaster caught the world’s attention. Scientists from around the globe gathered in Nyos to investigate. Because Lake Nyos sits on an inactive volcano, their first theory was that the volcano had erupted and sent poisonous gases into the air. After further research, however, they found the cause was much more unusual. The deadly events were called limnic(湖泊的)eruptions. Although deadly and terrifying, limnic eruptions are extremely unlikely. They occur when dissolved(溶解的)carbon dioxide(CO2)suddenly erupts from the deep waters of a lake, forming a deadly gas cloud above the surface. Because carbon dioxide is heavier than air, the cloud will sink toward the ground, killing wildlife, livestock and humans. Carbon dioxide dissolves more easily in the deep, cold parts of lakes. As a result, the bottom of deep lake can have very high levels of carbon dioxide, while the levels decrease towards the lake’s surface, and the pressure at the bottom builds and builds. Any changes in pressure can set off the rapid and forceful release of the accumulated carbon dioxide, causing an eruption. It’s unclear what caused the lakes to explode, but considering they’re near the Oku Volcanic Field, it’s possible that an earthquake or a small volcanic eruption occurred before each disaster. 32. Why are the numbers mentioned in paragraph 2? A. To arouse the empathy of the readers. B. To display the destructive effect of the events. C. To prove the necessity of preparing for disasters. D. To highlight the difficulty looking into the cause. 33. What is to blame for the mass deaths in Nyos? A. High concentrations of CO2. B. The great power of the lake explosion. C. Poisonous gases from a volcano eruption. D. The lake water flooding the nearby villages. 34. Which may have nothing to do with limnic eruptions? A. An earthquake. B. Dissolved carbon dioxide. C. Great pressure differences. D. Warm environments. 35. Where is the text probably taken from? A. A charity poster. B. A biography. C. A science magazine. D. A cultural website. 第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 (宁夏石嘴山市平罗中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期中)Unlike other natural disasters such as hurricanes, earthquakes are very hard to see coming, even for scientists. ___36___ Thus, specific practices for earthquake preparedness are necessary. Here are four steps you can take to prepare yourself in advance. Drop, cover and hold If you feel the ground start to shake, drop, take cover under as table piece of furniture, and hold on. You can hide under something like a desk or table, with one arm holding on to a leg of the table and your other arm protecting your neck and head. ___37___ In modern homes, it is no stronger than any other part of the house and will not protect you from injury. Make a family plan ___38___ Create a meeting point—somewhere easy for everyone to remember, or you could also meet at home. Whatever plan you decide on, don’t rely on your phone as your main form of communication. Technology fails all the time in disasters. A major earthquake in California, for example, damaged cell towers and knocked out communication services for days. Secure your furniture Those hanging shelves above your bed could be a danger during an earthquake. People often get injured from “flying or falling objects” like furniture or glass during earthquakes. So examine your home and ask yourself, “What could be a potential danger to my safety?” ___39___ Make digital copies of important documents Important documents may get destroyed during earthquakes. Therefore, scan or take photos of your important documents, such as your license, financial records and insurance policy information. ___40___ This step can help ensure your documents will be available even if your computer is lost in a quake. A. Then send them to your e-mail. B. These are all important personal documents. C. Make sure your household has a plan of action. D. Whatever you do, do not stand in a doorframe. E. If you find the answer, you need to runaway immediately. F. Nowadays early detection systems can only give seconds of warming ahead. G. If possible, remove those heavy and big objects above your bed immediately. 第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 (2024届山东省聊城市高三下学期一模)Rumeysa Gurbuz was at home asleep on February 6 in the city of Iskenderun on Turkey’s Mediterranean coast when a magnitude 7. 8 earthquake attacked the region. The quake caused ___41___ damage in Iskenderun. Fortunately, her beloved pet cat Leyla woke her up 15 minutes before the earthquake ___42___, enabling her to ___43___. When the quake hit, Gurbuz jumped out the window of her home, only ___44___ her legs. “If I hadn’t woken up, I would have been in the ___45___, Gurbuz said in comments provided to Newsweek by animal welfare nonprofit Humane Society International(HSI). ”I ___46___ her a lot. We are alive, and there is ___47___.” After being injured in the quake, Gurbuz was ___48___ to a hospital. But she posted an article on the Internet in a desperate attempt to ___49___ Leyla. HSI saw the ___50___ and began searching for the cat but finally was ___51___. Kelly Donithan, HSI’s director of animal disaster response who was helping to ___52___ Leyla, asked Gurbuz to send her a voice message calling the pet’s name in an attempt to ___53___ the cat out. After a lot of ___54___, the trick worked and the ___55___ pet finally emerged from the ruins. 41. A. potential B. significant C. odd D. possible 42. A. struck B. exited C. spread D. accelerated 43. A. help B. shout C. confirm D. escape 44. A. protecting B. cutting C. injuring D. losing 45. A. shelter B. ruins C. house D. square 46. A. love B. hurt C. owe D. cheat 47. A. hope B. time C. family D. home 48. A. sent B. returned C. relieved D. released 49. A. memorize B. honor C. find D. miss 50. A. notice B. post C. picture D. letter 51. A. unforgettable B. shocking C. satisfying D. unsuccessful 52. A. catch B. await C. expect D. locate 53. A. pull B. attract C. chase D. frighten 54. A. patience B. curiosity C. passion D. warning 55. A. happy B. surprised C. scared D. sad 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (改编自江苏省苏州市南京师范大学苏州实验学校2023~2024学年高三12月第二次月考)The 6. 2-magnitude earthquake struck an ethnic county lying in Northwest China’s Gansu province midnight Monday, causing death, 56 (destroy)and panic. As of 10 am Tuesday, a total of 105 57 (confirmation)dead in Gansu and 11 in the neighbouring Qinghai province, with hundreds injured. Due to high altitude, cold weather and complex geological conditions, Jishishan county is prone(易于)to natural disasters, such as earthquakes. Since 1900, the area within a radius of 100 km from the epicenter 58 (record)seven earthquakes above 5 magnitude. Fortunately, joint effort has been made 59 ( provide)assistance to them and to restore normality to the region as quickly as possible. The provincial fire and rescue department has sent 580 rescuers aided 60 88 fire engines, 12 search and rescue dogs, more than 10,000 sets of equipment to the disaster area. Disaster 61 (relieve)efforts have been underway, with the provincial authorities sending emergency rations(口粮)and tents to the affected areas. The railway authority has suspended passenger and cargo trains 62 (pass)through the quake zone and ordered a safety check of railway tracks. In Dahejia township, 63 the temperature plummeted to 16 degrees Celsius below zero, over 140 medical staff at a local hospital were busy treating 64 injured. According to first-person 65 (account), the loved ones of many of these patients are untraceable in the aftermath of the earthquake. 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节 应用文(满分15分) (2023-2024学年广东省深圳市光明区高级中学高三下学5月模拟)假定你是某高中学生李华，正在澳大利亚读高中。你通过媒体获悉澳大利亚南方某市发生了严重洪涝灾害。你打算给你校英文报投稿，报道灾情。 内容包括：1.灾情发生的时间和地点； 2.灾情造成损失和伤亡情况； 3.前往救援的人员以及给与的物资和捐款情况。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 A Flood disaster _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 读后续写(满分25分) 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 (2023-2024学年广东省南粤名校高三上学期9月联考) Caught in a flood Mary and her parents were downstairs in the living room. Mary was looking through the windows at the endless rain outside. It had been raining non-stop for three days. She had never seen a storm this bad. It was making her nervous. The wind roared and the rain beat on the roof and windows. Dad was listening to a weather report on the radio, while Mum was putting their important documents and disaster supplies into a bag. “Mum, Dad,” said Mary suddenly, “I think we should leave here right away!” “No,” said Dad. “It’s too late: The radio says the city has already been flooded.” “We can drive our car through the floodwater. Let’s us leave! I’m really scared!” cried Mary. “We can’t do that, honey,” explained Mum, “otherwise the moving water could wash the car away!” Mary walked to the door. She was curious to see how much water there was outside. “Don’t open the door!” shouted Mum and Dad at the same time. “The water may flood in!” Dad moved the dinner table against the door, in case the floodwater forced the door open. Mum waved to Mary to sit on the sofa. “Mary, don’t worry. Everything’s going to be OK,” she said softly, trying her best to comfort Mary. Her voice was calm, but Mary could tell she was worried too. Without saying a single word, Dad walked to the sofa, sat down and hugged his wife and daughter. The sudden silence in the house seemed to make the wind and rain more frightening outside. What could they do? 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右。 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1: All of a sudden, the floodwater forced the door open. ___________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: Being upstairs, they breathed a sigh of relief. __________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 必修三Unit 2 Natural disasters能力提升 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)(略) 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A (2024届北京大兴精华学校高三下学期三模)Almost every day, we learn of disasters of one form or another through the media. These include not just major disasters that affect large areas for a long time. A severe storm, an electric power breakdown, or a house fire can bring a personal disaster to an individual. This brochure aims to help you develop your personal preparedness plan. IStockpiling food and drink● Drinking is more important than eating. Keep about 14 liters of liquid per person in stock for each week. ● No experiments. Your supplies should mainly consist of food and drink that you normally have. ● Ensure that your supplies can be stored for long periods of time without refrigeration and that most of them can be eaten cold. ⅡEmergency pack ● The aim of a disaster supplies kit should be to help you to cope with the possibility of having to exist for a few days outside of your house. Don't take more for each family member than could be conveniently contained within the confines of a rucksack(帆布背包). A rucksack is more practical than a suitcase, as it allows you to have both hands free. ● The emergency rucksack should contain these items: —First aid materials, personal medication —Sleeping bag or blanket —Hygiene products for a couple of days ⅢElectric power breakdown ● Keep a supply of torches and candles, as well as spare batteries, matches or lighters in the house. Remember that batteries do not last indefinitely. Regularly use the batteries up and replace them. ● You can prepare smaller meals on a camping stove, one that can be operated through the use of charcoal(木炭)or gas. ⅣKeep up-to-date in an emergency Floods or heavy snowfalls may lead to parts of the population getting cut off from the outside world. Information and warnings are important for survival. Those who are trapped can often only be reached by radio, television or the Internet. However, television and the Internet only work when there is electric power, which could fail. This leaves just the radio as the main warning device. ⅤAbout us The Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance(BBK)was established in 2004 as a central organizational unit for civil security in Germany. The BBK is your reliable partner for emergency preparedness and self-help. You can find further information on our website. 21. The brochure is provided in order to _______. A. inform people about recent disasters B. provide tips on how to survive in a disaster C. encourage people to stockpile food and drink on a regular basis D. promote the Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance 22. What is the recommended device to receive warnings during a disaster? A. A laptop. B. A television. C. A mobile phone. D. A battery-powered radio. 23. The Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance is _______. A. a charity that collects donations for disaster victims B. a non-profit organization that provides disaster relief globally C. an international organization that coordinates disaster response efforts D. a government agency that prepares people for emergencies in Germany 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. D 【语篇导读】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了应对各类灾害的个人应急准备指南，包括囤积物资、应急包、电力中断应对措施、信息获取渠道及联邦民防与灾害救助办公室的简介。 21.细节理解题。根据文章开头“Almost every day, we learn of disasters of one form or another through the media. These include not just major disasters that affect large areas for a long time. A severe storm, an electric power breakdown, or a house fire can bring a personal disaster to an individual. This brochure aims to help you develop your personal preparedness plan.(几乎每天，我们都通过媒体了解到各种形式的灾难。这些不仅仅包括长期影响大片地区的重大灾害。一场严重的风暴、停电或房屋火灾都可能给个人带来灾难。本手册旨在帮助您制定个人准备计划)”以及后续各部分可知，文章提供在灾难中生存的具体建议，如储存食物和水、应急包准备、电力中断应对措施、紧急情况下保持信息畅通等，可以看出该手册旨在提供在灾难中生存的技巧和建议。故选B。 22.细节理解题。根据第Ⅳ部分“However, television and the Internet only work when there is electric power, which could fail. This leaves just the radio as the main warning device.(然而，电视和互联网只有在有电的情况下才能工作，而电可能会失灵。这就只剩下无线电作为主要的预警设备)”可知，在电力可能中断的情况下，无线电成为了接收预警的主要设备。故选D。 23.细节理解题。根据第Ⅴ部分“The Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance(BBK)was established in 2004 as a central organizational unit for civil security in Germany.(联邦民事保护和灾害援助办公室(BBK)成立于2004年，是德国民事安全的中央组织单位)”可知，联邦民防与灾害救助办公室是德国的一个政府机构，负责公民安全和紧急情况下的准备工作。故选D。 B (2023-2024学年江西省宜春市丰城市九中高三上学期12月考)Super Typhoon Rai(known as “Odette” in the Philippines)made landfall on Siargao Island in southeastern Philippines at 1:30 pm local time on Thursday, December 16. The typhoon was the 15th storm to hit the country in 2021 and was the strongest storm of 2021. Almost 16 million Filipinos were facing threats including strong winds, heavy rains, flooding, landslides, displacement and risking loss of life, home, livelihood and agriculture. Around 700,000 of them were children. UNICEF(United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund)expressed deep concern for children and families at risk and announced its commitment to providing support to the Philippine government. Reyn Ambag was one of the children who were rescued during the typhoon. 12-year-old Reyn Ambag is a grade 7 student living on the island of Siargao. He goes to school in San Isidro National High School which is located in the Municipality of San Isidro. With Values Education as his favorite subject in school, Reyn is always ready to help others. Reyn is raised by his mother who is a single parent and runs a retail store alone. Aside from his mother, his cousin has also been living with them to help out in the absence of Reyn’s father. Reyn’s mother provides for all three of them. She is able to support their daily needs and Reyn’s schooling by the income she gets from the small retail store. During Typhoon Odette, Reyn’s family stayed inside the comfort room of the school where they were evacuated(疏散)to. There, he witnessed through the window how the strong winds of the typhoon destroyed the area. They stayed there until the storm subsided and it was safe for them to go out. Upon returning to their home, they were astonished to find that their house was damaged due to the fallen trees. After observing the delays in restoring the electricity in their community, Reyn wanted to pursue a related job in the future. “I want to be an electrician someday so that if a power cut would happen because of a typhoon, I would be able to help in restoring it for free,” said Reyn. 24. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. Different types of natural disasters. B. The introduction of a typhoon and its threats. C. Historical data of the strongest typhoons. D. The government’s reaction to Super Typhoon Rai. 25. Where does Reyn’s schooling fees come from? A. His father. B. His cousin. C. His family store. D. His part-time job. 26. What does the underlined word “subsided” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A. Broke into. B. Fell apart. C. Went over. D. Died down. 27. Why did Reyn intend to become an electrician? A. To make money to support his family. B. To reward the community with his work. C. To restore power in time after typhoons. D. To meet his mother’s expectations of him. 【答案】24. B 25. C 26. D 27. C 【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了Reyn Ambag所在的Siargao岛遭到了台风的侵袭，他和他的家人们得到了联合国儿童基金会的帮助，以及他想要成为一名电工以便在因台风而停电时免费帮助恢复供电的故事。 24.主旨大意题。根据第一段“The typhoon was the 15th storm to hit the country in 2021 and was the strongest storm of 2021. Almost 16 million Filipinos were facing threats including strong winds, heavy rains, flooding, landslides, displacement and risking loss of life, home, livelihood and agriculture.(这是2021年袭击该国的第15次风暴，也是2021年最强的风暴。近1600万菲律宾人面临着包括强风、暴雨、洪水、山体滑坡、流离失所和生命、家园、生计和农业损失的威胁)”可知，第一段主要介绍了超强台风Rai及其威胁，故选B。 25.细节理解题。根据第四段“She is able to support their daily needs and Reyn’s schooling by the income she gets from the small retail store.(她从小零售店获得的收入能够支持他们的日常需求和Reyn的学校教育)”可知，Reyn的学费来自他母亲经营小店的收入，故选C。 26.词义猜测题。根据划线词前“They stayed there(他们一直呆在那里)”及划线词后“and it was safe for them to go out.(他们可以安全出门了)”可推断，他们一直呆在那里，直到风暴平息才回家，划线词subsided为“平息”之意，和Died down意思相近，故选D。 27.细节理解题。根据最后一段““I want to be an electrician someday so that if a power cut would happen because of a typhoon, I would be able to help in restoring it for free,” said Reyn.(“我想有一天成为一名电工，这样如果因为台风而停电，我就可以免费帮助恢复供电，”Reyn说)”可知，Reyn想成为电工的原因是为了能够在台风之后及时修好电力设施，恢复供电，故选C。 C (2023-2024学年山东省部分名校高三下学期2月份大联考)Fountains of lava erupted from the Sundhnúkur volcanic system in southwest Iceland on January 14th, 2024. Lava flows welled up from a new gap, attacking the suburbs of Grindavík with at least three houses in their path burnt down. Nearby, construction vehicles that had been working for weeks to build large earthen dams in an attempt to divert(使转向)the lava’s flow had to pull back. Lava is subject to gravity like other fluids, so it will flow down along a path of steepest descent(斜坡). With the temperature of its molten rock often well above 1,000 degrees Celsius, not much can stand in its way. Humans have tried many ways to stop lava in the past, from attempting to freeze it in place by cooling it with sea water, to using explosive s to cut off its supply. However, no attempt was successful. Most recent efforts have focused instead on building dams in an attempt to divert the lava’s flow toward a different path of steepest descent, into a different “lavashed,” where lava would naturally flow. Results have been mixed, but diversion can be successful if the lava flow can be clearly diverted into a distinct area where lava would naturally flow — without threatening a different community in the process. Many attempts to divert lava have failed, however. Barriers built in Italy to stop Mt. Etna’s lava flows in 1992 slowed the flow, but the lava eventually over topped each one. Diverting lava in Grindavík is difficult, in part because the land around Grindavík is relatively flat, making it harder to identify a clear alternative path of steepest descent for redirecting the lava. Icelandic officials reported on January 15th that most of the lava from the main fissure had flowed along the outside the barrier, however a new gap had also opened inside the perimeter(外围), sending lava into a neighborhood. Unfortunately, that implies that Grindavík remains at risk. 28. What do we know about the lava erupting from the Sundhnúkur volcanic system? A. It severely affected the downtown area of Grindavík. B. It forced the construction of large earthen dams to suspend. C. It was successfully redirected by the earthen barriers. D. It completely buried a residential area. 29. How many ways are mentioned to stop the lava? A. Five. B. Four. C. Three. D. Two. 30. The lava flow in Grindavík remains a risk because ________. A. the lava has destroyed many buildings B. there is no suitable dam to divert the lava C. the land around Grindavík is relatively flat D. the lava has already entered a populated area 31. What is the text mainly about? A. How earthen barrier functions. B. What can be done to prevent lava. C. Why volcanic lava is so hard to stop. D. What lava has brought about in Iceland. 【答案】28. B 29. C 30. D 31. C 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了火山熔岩为何如此难以阻止。 28.细节理解题。根据第一段的“Nearby, construction vehicles that had been working for weeks to build large earthen dams in an attempt to divert the lava’s flow had to pull back.(在附近，几个星期来一直在建造大型土坝以试图转移熔岩流的施工车辆不得不撤退)”可知, 大型土坝的建设因岩浆的喷发而暂停。故选 B。 29.细节理解题。根据第二段“Humans have tried many ways to stop lava in the past, from attempting to freeze it in place by cooling it with sea water, to using explosive s to cut off its supply. However, no attempt was successful.(过去，人类曾尝试过许多方法来阻止熔岩，从试图用海水冷却来冻结它，到使用炸药来切断它的供应。然而，没有一次尝试成功)”以及第三段“Most recent efforts have focused instead on building dams in an attempt to divert the lava’s flow toward a different path of steepest descent, into a different “lavashed,” where lava would naturally flow.( 最近的努力都集中在建造水坝上，试图将熔岩流转向另一条最陡峭的路径，进入另一个熔岩自然流动的地方)”可知，目前为止共提到了三种阻挡火山熔岩的办法。故选C。 30.推理判断题。根据第四段“Icelandic official s reported on January 15th that most of the lava from the main fissure had flowed along the outside the barrier, however a new gap had also opened inside the perimeter(外围), sending lava into a neighborhood. Unfortunately, that implies that Grindavík remains at risk.(冰岛官员在1月15日报告说，大部分从主裂缝流出的熔岩沿着屏障外流动，然而在屏障内也出现了一个新的裂缝，熔岩流入了附近地区。不幸的是，这意味着Grindavík仍然处于危险之中)”可知，Grindavík 之所以处于危险之中是因为熔岩的侵入已经威胁到了居民区。故选D。 31.主旨大意题。根据第二段的“With the temperature of its molten rock often well above 1,000 degrees Celsius, not much can stand in its way. Humans have tried many ways to stop lava in the past, from attempting to freeze it in place by cooling it with sea water, to using explosive s to cut off its supply. However, no attempt was successful.(由于其熔融岩石的温度通常远高于1000摄氏度，没有什么能阻挡它。过去，人类曾尝试过许多方法来阻止熔岩，从试图用海水冷却来冻结它，到使用炸药来切断它的供应。然而，没有一次尝试成功)”并通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了为什么火山熔岩难以阻止。故选C。 D (2024届贵州省部分学校高三下学期5月份联考)On August 21, 1986, a man making his way to Nyos, a village near a lake in northwest Cameroon, found dozens of dead animals along the road. He called into a home to see if the residents knew what had happened. Instead of getting answers, the man discovered that everyone in the village was dead, though they seemed otherwise unharmed. Within days, officials confirmed that more than 1,700 people had died, along with several thousand animals. The strange and tragic event seemed similar to one that occurred at Lake Monoun two years earlier, just 60 miles to the south, where villagers found 37 people and many animals dead along its shores. Initially, authorities were confused about the cause. Witnesses reported hearing strange sounds and seeing a sudden rise of white cloud from the lake, which quickly disappeared. Fortunately, the disaster caught the world’s attention. Scientists from around the globe gathered in Nyos to investigate. Because Lake Nyos sits on an inactive volcano, their first theory was that the volcano had erupted and sent poisonous gases into the air. After further research, however, they found the cause was much more unusual. The deadly events were called limnic(湖泊的)eruptions. Although deadly and terrifying, limnic eruptions are extremely unlikely. They occur when dissolved(溶解的)carbon dioxide(CO2)suddenly erupts from the deep waters of a lake, forming a deadly gas cloud above the surface. Because carbon dioxide is heavier than air, the cloud will sink toward the ground, killing wildlife, livestock and humans. Carbon dioxide dissolves more easily in the deep, cold parts of lakes. As a result, the bottom of deep lake can have very high levels of carbon dioxide, while the levels decrease towards the lake’s surface, and the pressure at the bottom builds and builds. Any changes in pressure can set off the rapid and forceful release of the accumulated carbon dioxide, causing an eruption. It’s unclear what caused the lakes to explode, but considering they’re near the Oku Volcanic Field, it’s possible that an earthquake or a small volcanic eruption occurred before each disaster. 32. Why are the numbers mentioned in paragraph 2? A. To arouse the empathy of the readers. B. To display the destructive effect of the events. C. To prove the necessity of preparing for disasters. D. To highlight the difficulty looking into the cause. 33. What is to blame for the mass deaths in Nyos? A. High concentrations of CO2. B. The great power of the lake explosion. C. Poisonous gases from a volcano eruption. D. The lake water flooding the nearby villages. 34. Which may have nothing to do with limnic eruptions? A. An earthquake. B. Dissolved carbon dioxide. C. Great pressure differences. D. Warm environments. 35. Where is the text probably taken from? A. A charity poster. B. A biography. C. A science magazine. D. A cultural website. 【答案】32. B 33. A 34. D 35. C 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了喀麦隆西北部湖泊附近的尼奥斯村和莫农湖附近发生了人员不知怎么的大规模死亡灾难性事件，解释了其产生的原因——湖泊喷发，湖泊喷发时产生的高浓度的二氧化碳杀死了人和动植物。 32.推理判断题。由第二段“Within days, officials confirmed that more than 1,700 people had died, along with several thousand animals. The strange and tragic event seemed similar to one that occurred at Lake Monoun two years earlier, just 60 miles to the south, where villagers found 37 people and many animals dead along its shores.(几天之内，官方证实有1700多人死亡，还有数千只动物死亡。这起奇怪而悲惨的事件似乎与两年前发生在南部60英里外的莫农湖的事件相似，当时村民们发现莫农湖沿岸有37人和许多动物死亡)”可知，此处灾难性事件动植物大量死亡，第二段用具体数字可展示这些事件的破坏性影响，故选B项。 33.细节理解题。由第三段中“After further research, however, they found the cause was much more unusual. The deadly events were called limnic(湖泊的)eruptions.(然而，经过进一步的研究，他们发现原因更不寻常。这些致命事件被称为湖泊喷发)”和第四段中“They occur when dissolved(溶解的)carbon dioxide(CO2)suddenly erupts from the deep waters of a lake, forming a deadly gas cloud above the surface. Because carbon dioxide is heavier than air, the cloud will sink toward the ground, killing wildlife, livestock and humans.(当溶解的二氧化碳(CO2)突然从湖泊深水中喷出，在水面上形成致命的气体云时，就会发生湖泊喷发。由于二氧化碳比空气重，云层会向地面下沉，杀死野生动物、牲畜和人类)”可知，尼奥斯的大规模死亡应该归咎于湖泊喷发时产生的高浓度的二氧化碳，故选A项。 34.细节理解题。由倒数第二段“Carbon dioxide dissolves more easily in the deep, cold parts of lakes. As a result, the bottom of deep lake can have very high levels of carbon dioxide, while the levels decrease towards the lake’s surface, and the pressure at the bottom builds and builds. Any changes in pressure can set off the rapid and forceful release of the accumulated carbon dioxide, causing an eruption.(二氧化碳在湖泊深处寒冷的地方更容易溶解。因此，深湖底部的二氧化碳含量可能非常高，而二氧化碳含量向湖面下降，底部的压力越来越大。压力的任何变化都会导致积聚的二氧化碳迅速而有力地释放，从而引发湖泊喷发)”和最后一段“It’s unclear what caused the lakes to explode, but considering they’re near the Oku Volcanic Field, it’s possible that an earthquake or a small volcanic eruption occurred before each disaster.(目前尚不清楚是什么原因导致了这些湖泊的喷发，但考虑到它们靠近奥库火山场，每次灾难发生前都有可能发生地震或小规模火山喷发)”可知，高含量溶解的二氧化碳、巨大的压力差和地震都可能导致湖泊喷发，D项“温暖的环境”未提及，与湖泊喷发无关，故选D项。 35.推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了喀麦隆西北部湖泊附近的尼奥斯村和莫农湖附近发生了人员不知怎么的大规模死亡灾难性事件，解释了其产生的原因——湖泊喷发，湖泊喷发时产生的高浓度的二氧化碳杀死了人和动植物，属于科普知识一类，文章可能出自“一本科学杂志”，故选C项。 第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 (宁夏石嘴山市平罗中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期中)Unlike other natural disasters such as hurricanes, earthquakes are very hard to see coming, even for scientists. ___36___ Thus, specific practices for earthquake preparedness are necessary. Here are four steps you can take to prepare yourself in advance. Drop, cover and hold If you feel the ground start to shake, drop, take cover under as table piece of furniture, and hold on. You can hide under something like a desk or table, with one arm holding on to a leg of the table and your other arm protecting your neck and head. ___37___ In modern homes, it is no stronger than any other part of the house and will not protect you from injury. Make a family plan ___38___ Create a meeting point—somewhere easy for everyone to remember, or you could also meet at home. Whatever plan you decide on, don’t rely on your phone as your main form of communication. Technology fails all the time in disasters. A major earthquake in California, for example, damaged cell towers and knocked out communication services for days. Secure your furniture Those hanging shelves above your bed could be a danger during an earthquake. People often get injured from “flying or falling objects” like furniture or glass during earthquakes. So examine your home and ask yourself, “What could be a potential danger to my safety?” ___39___ Make digital copies of important documents Important documents may get destroyed during earthquakes. Therefore, scan or take photos of your important documents, such as your license, financial records and insurance policy information. ___40___ This step can help ensure your documents will be available even if your computer is lost in a quake. A. Then send them to your e-mail. B. These are all important personal documents. C. Make sure your household has a plan of action. D. Whatever you do, do not stand in a doorframe. E. If you find the answer, you need to runaway immediately. F. Nowadays early detection systems can only give seconds of warming ahead. G. If possible, remove those heavy and big objects above your bed immediately. 【答案】36. F 37. D 38. C 39. G 40. A 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了地震防范的四个重要的方法。 36.前文“Unlike other natural disasters such as hurricanes, earthquakes are very hard to see coming, even for scientists.(与飓风等其他自然灾害不同，地震很难预测，即使对科学家来说也是如此)”提到地震很难预测。后文“Thus, specific practices for earthquake preparedness are necessary.(因此，具体的防震措施是必要的)”说提前做防范措施很有必要。结合选项，F项“Nowadays early detection systems can only give seconds of warming ahead.(如今，早期探测系统只能提前几秒发出预警)”承上启下，衔接前句，同时解释“防范措施有必要”的原因，符合语境，故选F。 37.后文“In modem homes, it is no stronger than any other part of the house and will not protect you from injury.(在现代家庭中，它并不比房子的其他部分更坚固，也不能保护你免受伤害)”中的“it”可知，空处应为“it”的指代对象。结合选项，D项“Whatever you do, do not stand in a door frame.(无论你做什么，都不要站在门框上)”中的“door frame”符合语境，故选D。 38.小标题“Make a family plan(制定家庭计划)”为中心句。后文“Create a meeting point—somewhere easy for everyone to remember, or you could also meet at home.(创建一个见面地点——在每个人都容易记住的地方，或者你们也可以在家里见面)”可知，本段主要探讨应该做一个家庭的计划与预案。结合选项，C项“Make sure your household has a plan of action.(确保你的家庭有一个行动计划)”照应标题，符合本段的中心主旨，故选C。 30.结合小标题“Secure your furniture(保护好家具)”以及前文“People often get injured from ‘flying or falling objects’ like furniture or glass during earthquakes.(人们经常在地震中被家具或玻璃等“飞行或坠落的物体”伤害)”可知，本段主要讲的是房间中的易掉落物品可能会在地震中伤到人。结合选项，G 项“If possible, remove those heavy and big objects above your bed immediately.(如果可能的话，立即移走床上方那些又重又大的东西)”符合文意，逻辑一致，故选G。 40.后文“This step can help ensure your documents will be available even if your computer is lost in a quake.(这一步可以帮助确保即使你的电脑在地震中丢失了，你的文件也可以使用)”可知，空处应该有“This step”的具体所指，故A项“Then send them to your e-mail.(然后把它们发到你的邮箱)”符合语境，故选A。 第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 (2024届山东省聊城市高三下学期一模)Rumeysa Gurbuz was at home asleep on February 6 in the city of Iskenderun on Turkey’s Mediterranean coast when a magnitude 7. 8 earthquake attacked the region. The quake caused ___41___ damage in Iskenderun. Fortunately, her beloved pet cat Leyla woke her up 15 minutes before the earthquake ___42___, enabling her to ___43___. When the quake hit, Gurbuz jumped out the window of her home, only ___44___ her legs. “If I hadn’t woken up, I would have been in the ___45___, Gurbuz said in comments provided to Newsweek by animal welfare nonprofit Humane Society International(HSI). ”I ___46___ her a lot. We are alive, and there is ___47___.” After being injured in the quake, Gurbuz was ___48___ to a hospital. But she posted an article on the Internet in a desperate attempt to ___49___ Leyla. HSI saw the ___50___ and began searching for the cat but finally was ___51___. Kelly Donithan, HSI’s director of animal disaster response who was helping to ___52___ Leyla, asked Gurbuz to send her a voice message calling the pet’s name in an attempt to ___53___ the cat out. After a lot of ___54___, the trick worked and the ___55___ pet finally emerged from the ruins. 41. A. potential B. significant C. odd D. possible 42. A. struck B. exited C. spread D. accelerated 43. A. help B. shout C. confirm D. escape 44. A. protecting B. cutting C. injuring D. losing 45. A. shelter B. ruins C. house D. square 46. A. love B. hurt C. owe D. cheat 47. A. hope B. time C. family D. home 48. A. sent B. returned C. relieved D. released 49. A. memorize B. honor C. find D. miss 50. A. notice B. post C. picture D. letter 51. A. unforgettable B. shocking C. satisfying D. unsuccessful 52. A. catch B. await C. expect D. locate 53. A. pull B. attract C. chase D. frighten 54. A. patience B. curiosity C. passion D. warning 55. A. happy B. surprised C. scared D. sad 【答案】 41. B 42. A 43. D 44. C 45. B 46. C 47. A 48. A 49. C 50. B 51. D 52. D 53. B 54. A 55. C 【语篇导读】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Rumeysa Gurbuz所在的城市遭遇严重地震，多亏了她的猫莱拉，她及时逃生了，只伤到了腿。她最终也在动物福利组织的帮助下找回了受惊的莱拉。 41.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：地震在伊斯肯德伦造成了严重的破坏。A. potential潜在的；B. significant严重的，重要的；C. odd奇怪的，怪异的；偶尔的；D. possible可能的。根据上文“Rumeysa Gurbuz was at home asleep on February 6 in the city of Iskenderun on Turkey’s Mediterranean coast when a magnitude 7.8 earthquake attacked the region.(2月6日，土耳其地中海沿岸城市伊斯肯德伦发生7.8级地震， Rumeysa Gurbuz正在家中睡觉)”可知，此处指地震造成了严重的破坏，故选B。 42.考查动词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，她心爱的宠物猫莱拉在地震发生前15分钟叫醒了她，使她得以逃生。A. struck打，袭击；B. exited离去，退出；C. spread传播；D. accelerated加速。根据上文“before the earthquake”此处指地震袭来应用动词struck。后文“the quake hit”也是提示，故选A。 43.考查动词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，她心爱的宠物猫莱拉在地震发生前15分钟叫醒了她，使她得以逃生。A. help帮助；B. shout叫喊；C. confirm证实，确认；D. escape逃走。根据上文“her beloved pet cat Leyla woke her up 15 minutes before the earthquake”可知，因为被猫叫醒，她得以从地震中逃生，故选D。 44.考查动词词义辨析。句意：地震来袭时，Gurbuz从她家的窗户跳了出去，只伤了腿。A. protecting保护；B. cutting切割；C. injuring受伤；D. losing失去。根据后文“After being injured in the quake”此处指她的腿受伤了，故选C。 45.考查名词词义辨析。句意：“如果我没有醒来，我就会在废墟里，”Gurbuz在动物福利非营利组织国际人道协会向《新闻周刊》提供的评论中说。A. shelter庇护所；B. ruins废墟；C. house房子；D. square广场。根据上文“If I hadn’t woken up, I would have been in the”为虚拟语气可知，此处指没有从地震中逃生就会被埋在废墟里，故选B。 46.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我欠她很多。A. love爱；B. hurt伤害；C. owe欠钱；D. cheat欺骗。根据上文可知，她的猫救了她的命，所以说欠她很多，owe sb. a lot表示“亏欠某人”，故选C。 47.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们还活着，还有希望。A. hope希望；B. time时间；C. family家庭；D. home家。根据上文“We are alive, and there is”指活着就有希望，故选A。 48.考查动词词义辨析。句意：在地震中受伤后，Gurbuz被送往医院。A. sent发送；B. returned返回；C. relieved vt.减轻，缓和；D. released释放。根据后文“to a hospital”可知，她因为受伤被送往医院了，故选A。 49.考查动词词义辨析。句意：但她在网上发了一篇文章非常想找到莱拉。A. memorize记住；B. honor尊重；C. find找到；D. miss错过。根据后文“began searching for the cat”可知，发帖是为了找到自己的猫莱拉，故选C。 50.考查名词词义辨析。句意：HSI看到了这个帖子，开始寻找这只猫，但最终没有成功。A. notice通知；B. post帖子；C. picture图片；D. letter信。呼应上文“she posted an article on the Internet”指看到网上发布找猫的帖子，故选B。 51.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：HSI看到了这个帖子，开始寻找这只猫，但最终没有成功。A. unforgettable难忘的；B. shocking令人震惊的；C. satisfying令人满意的；D. unsuccessful不成功的。根据上文“but finally was”中but表示转折，说明找猫没有成功，故选D。 52.考查动词词义辨析。句意：帮助找到莱拉的动物灾难反应主任凯利·多尼森让Gurbuz给她发一条叫着莱拉名字的语音信息，试图把这只猫吸引出来。A. catch抓住；B. await等待；C. expect期待；D. locate定位，找到。根据上文“Kelly Donithan, HSI’s director of animal disaster response who was helping to”可知，主任凯利·多尼森想要帮助找到莱拉，即确定猫的位置，故选D。 53.考查动词词义辨析。句意：帮助找到莱拉的动物灾难反应主任凯利·多尼森让Gurbuz给她发一条叫着莱拉名字的语音信息，试图把这只猫吸引出来。A. pull拉；B. attract吸引；C. chase追赶；D. frighten使害怕。根据上文“a voice message calling the pet’s name in an attempt to”可知，信息的目的是为了吸引猫听到主人的声音出来，故选B。 54.考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过一番耐心等待，这招奏效了，受惊的宠物终于从废墟中钻了出来。A. patience耐心；B. curiosity好奇(心)；C. passion激情；D. warning警告。根据上文可知要通过声音吸引猫出来需要耐心，故选A。 55.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：经过一番耐心等待，这招奏效了，受惊的宠物终于从废墟中钻了出来。A. happy快乐的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. scared害怕的；D. sad悲伤的。根据后文“pet finally emerged from the ruins”可知，猫因为地震受惊，最终从废墟里出来了，故选C。 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (改编自江苏省苏州市南京师范大学苏州实验学校2023~2024学年高三12月第二次月考)The 6. 2-magnitude earthquake struck an ethnic county lying in Northwest China’s Gansu province midnight Monday, causing death, 56 (destroy)and panic. As of 10 am Tuesday, a total of 105 57 (confirmation)dead in Gansu and 11 in the neighbouring Qinghai province, with hundreds injured. Due to high altitude, cold weather and complex geological conditions, Jishishan county is prone(易于)to natural disasters, such as earthquakes. Since 1900, the area within a radius of 100 km from the epicenter 58 (record)seven earthquakes above 5 magnitude. Fortunately, joint effort has been made 59 ( provide)assistance to them and to restore normality to the region as quickly as possible. The provincial fire and rescue department has sent 580 rescuers aided 60 88 fire engines, 12 search and rescue dogs, more than 10,000 sets of equipment to the disaster area. Disaster 61 (relieve)efforts have been underway, with the provincial authorities sending emergency rations(口粮)and tents to the affected areas. The railway authority has suspended passenger and cargo trains 62 (pass)through the quake zone and ordered a safety check of railway tracks. In Dahejia township, 63 the temperature plummeted to 16 degrees Celsius below zero, over 140 medical staff at a local hospital were busy treating 64 injured. According to first-person 65 (account), the loved ones of many of these patients are untraceable in the aftermath of the earthquake. 【答案】 56. destruction 57. were confirmed 58. has recorded 59. to provide 60. with 61. relief 62. passing 63. where 64. the 65. accounts 【语篇导读】这是一篇新闻报道，文章主要报道了甘肃省发生的6.2级地震的情况。 56.考查名词。句意：周一午夜，中国西北部甘肃省一个少数民族县发生6.2级地震，造成人员死亡、破坏和恐慌。空处和名词“death”以及“panic”并列作动词causing的宾语，故填名词形式destruction，destruction是不可数名词，故填destruction。 57.考查动词及其动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：截至周二上午10点，甘肃省共确认105人死亡，青海省11人死亡，数百人受伤。主语“a total of 105”，句中缺谓语，且主语和动词confirm之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“As of 10 am Tuesday”可知，句子是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语表示复数意义，故填were confirmed。 58.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自1900年以来，距离震中100公里以内的地区发生了7次5级以上的地震。根据时间状语“Since 1900”可知句子用现在完成时，主语“area”是名词单数，故填has recorded。 59.考查非谓语动词。句意：幸运的是，已作出共同努力向他们提供援助，并尽快恢复该地区的正常状态。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to provide。 60.考查动词短语中的介词。句意：省消防和救援部门已派出580名救援人员，88辆消防车，12只搜救犬，1万多套设备前往灾区。(be)aided with“在……的辅助下，在……帮助下”，故填with。 61.考查名词。句意：救援工作正在进行中，省政府向受灾地区运送了紧急口粮和帐篷。此处disaster relief efforts救灾/救援工作，故填relief。 62.考查非谓语动词。句意：铁路局暂停了通过震区的客运和货运列车，并下令对铁路轨道进行安全检查。动词pass和“cargo trains”之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作后置定语，故填passing。 63.考查定语从句。句意：在大河家镇，气温骤降至零下16摄氏度，当地医院的140多名医务人员正忙着治疗伤者。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“Dahejia township”，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导，故填where。 64.考查冠词。句意：在大河家镇，气温骤降至零下16摄氏度，当地医院的140多名医务人员正忙着治疗伤者。the injured 伤者/伤员，故填the。 65.考查名词复数。句意：根据亲历者的描述，在地震之后，许多病人的亲人无法找到。account“描述，叙述”，可数名词，此处应用复数形式表示泛指，故填accounts。 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节 应用文(满分15分) (2023-2024学年广东省深圳市光明区高级中学高三下学5月模拟)假定你是某高中学生李华，正在澳大利亚读高中。你通过媒体获悉澳大利亚南方某市发生了严重洪涝灾害。你打算给你校英文报投稿，报道灾情。 内容包括：1.灾情发生的时间和地点； 2.灾情造成损失和伤亡情况； 3.前往救援的人员以及给与的物资和捐款情况。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 A Flood disaster _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 A Flood disaster A terrible flood disaster happened in a southern city in Australian last week. Many buildings, vehicles and belongings were swept away, causing great damage to the city. The number of deaths was about 30. About 120 people were injured, and hundreds of people were missing. Numerous houses and roads were also in ruins, leaving a great many citizens homeless. Food was hard to get, and water and electricity couldn’t be supplied to the city. Soon after the flood, rescue workers, including medical teams and troops, were quickly organized and sent to the disaster-hit area. Fresh water and food was transported to the area. Volunteers from around the country came to aid in the disaster relief work. With donations in large amounts and joint efforts of all the people, it is believed that the city will revive itself and get back up on its feet soon. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇短文，报道澳大利亚南方某市发生的严重洪涝灾害。 【详解】 1.词汇积累 造成：cause→contribute to 许多：numerous→many 获得：get→obtain 站起来：get back up on one’s feet→rise to one’s feet 2.句式拓展 原 句：Fresh water and food was transported to the area. Volunteers from around the country came to aid in the disaster relief work. 拓展句：Not only was fresh water and food transported to the area, but also volunteers from around the country came to aid in the disaster relief work. 【高分句型】 1. Many buildings, vehicles and belongings were swept away, causing great damage to the city. (运用了现在分词作状语) 2.With donations in large amounts and joint efforts of all the people, it is believed that the city will revive itself and get back up on its feet soon.(运用了with的复合结构) 第二节 读后续写(满分25分) 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 (2023-2024学年广东省南粤名校高三上学期9月联考) Caught in a flood Mary and her parents were downstairs in the living room. Mary was looking through the windows at the endless rain outside. It had been raining non-stop for three days. She had never seen a storm this bad. It was making her nervous. The wind roared and the rain beat on the roof and windows. Dad was listening to a weather report on the radio, while Mum was putting their important documents and disaster supplies into a bag. “Mum, Dad,” said Mary suddenly, “I think we should leave here right away!” “No,” said Dad. “It’s too late: The radio says the city has already been flooded.” “We can drive our car through the floodwater. Let’s us leave! I’m really scared!” cried Mary. “We can’t do that, honey,” explained Mum, “otherwise the moving water could wash the car away!” Mary walked to the door. She was curious to see how much water there was outside. “Don’t open the door!” shouted Mum and Dad at the same time. “The water may flood in!” Dad moved the dinner table against the door, in case the floodwater forced the door open. Mum waved to Mary to sit on the sofa. “Mary, don’t worry. Everything’s going to be OK,” she said softly, trying her best to comfort Mary. Her voice was calm, but Mary could tell she was worried too. Without saying a single word, Dad walked to the sofa, sat down and hugged his wife and daughter. The sudden silence in the house seemed to make the wind and rain more frightening outside. What could they do? 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右。 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1: All of a sudden, the floodwater forced the door open. ___________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: Being upstairs, they breathed a sigh of relief. __________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 All of a sudden, the floodwater forced the door open. Shocked, frightened and extremely scared, Mary saw the floodwaters pouring into the room, leaving the dinner table upside down. She didn’t know what to do, trembling, and turned to her mum for help. An idea occurred to Mum that they had to go upstairs, because they had no choice but to save themselves at that moment, and it would be of great danger to stay in place before rescue came to them. Dad also rushed to the second floor without hesitation, not forgetting to take the bag containing important documents and disaster supplies. Being upstairs, they breathed a sigh of relief. However, the floodwater had flooded into the whole living room downstairs. They were all nervous and scared to see the floodwater rise further. Fortunately, what relieved them a little was that they prepared enough food and water supplies in advance. The rain was still raining non-stop. Mary and Mum became increasingly nervous while Dad kept giving them comfort and encouragement. Later, they learned from the radio that the government was organizing rescue groups to save people caught in their home by boat. Thinking they would be saved, they couldn’t be more excited. Until then, the easiness and warmth welled up in every corner of the room, seeming to make the floodwater outside less frightening outside. It doesn’t matter what you did when you were faced with tough situation, and what matters most is that you made a wise decision and well prepared. 【文本解读】本文以事件为线索展开，玛丽一家因为暴雨而被困在家，玛丽感到很紧张，而她的爸爸在听天气预报，妈妈在整理重要文件和救灾物资。玛丽想要赶紧离开，但是爸爸告诉她城市已被洪水淹没，来不及离开了。妈妈安慰了充满担心的玛丽，爸爸默默地拥抱了自己的妻子和女儿。 【续写衔接】 ①由第一段首句内容“突然，洪水把门冲开了”可知，第一段可描写他们看到的可怕景象和害怕的心 理，以及采取的紧急措施。 ②由第二段首句内容“在楼上，他们松了一口气”可知，第二段可描写洪水继续发展给他们带来的威 胁，他们得知将得救后的宽慰，以及面对洪水困境的感悟。 【续写情节】洪水把门冲开——所见所感——采取紧急措施——松一口气——洪水继续发展——得知将得救——面对困境的感悟 【词汇激活】 行为类 ①看到：see/spot/notice ②冲：rush/run/dash ③拿，带：take/grasp/get hold of ④给：give/offer/provide 情绪类 ①震惊的：shocked/astonished/stunned ②害怕的：frightened/scared/terrified ③紧张的：nervous/anxious 【高分句型】 1. An idea occurred to Mum that they had to go upstairs, because they had no choice but to save themselves at that moment, and it would be of great danger to stay in place before rescue came to them. (that引导同位语从句、because引导原因状语从句、before引导时间状语从句) 2. Fortunately, what relieved them a little was that they prepared enough food and water supplies in advance. (what引导主语从句、that引导表语从句) 3. It doesn’t matter what you did when you were faced with tough situation, and what matters most is that you made a wise decision and well prepared. (what引导主语从句、when引导时间状语从句、that引导表语从句) 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$