Unit 1 A New Start Using language Grammar 句子结构课件-2024-2025学年高中英语外研版（2019）必修第一册

Unit 1 A New Start Grammar: Basic Sentence Structures 1 What is this? 2 What makes a sentence? 3 Smoking does harm to the health. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. The rich should help the poor. To break up is their final decision. One-third of the students in the class are girls. It is wrong to tell a lie. We often speak English in class 主语 4 主语 Subject 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。可以做主语的有名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、主语从句、it做形式主语。 5 Smoking does harm to the health. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. The rich should help the poor. To break up is their final decision. One-third of the students in the class are girls. It is wrong to tell a lie. We often speak English in class. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 6 I watch the movie. She filled in the form. I don’t like your pants You should drink some water. I have never seen such a bad guy. 谓语 Verb 7 谓语 Verb 1. 简单谓语：单个动词或动词短语(时态、语态） I watch the movie. She filled in the form. 2. 复合谓语：情态动词、助动词+动词原型（时态、语态） I don’t like your pants You should drink some water. I have never seen such a bad guy. 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态，通常用动词充当，一般放在主语后。谓语的构成如下： 8 exercise: 1. He practises running every morning. 2. We usually listen to music on weekends. 3. You may keep the book for two weeks. 4. He has caught a bad cold. 5. I have been waiting for you for a long time. 6. I woke up early and rushed out of the door in my eagerness. 宾语 Object He owns a company. I fancy you. I want to fight with ten of them. Nobody knows who can pass the exam. He enjoys teaching in his school. My mother agreed to shop in the supermarket. 10 宾语 Object He owns a company. I fancy you. I want to fight with ten of them. Nobody knows who can pass the exam. He enjoys teaching in his school. My mother agreed to shop in the supermarket. 宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，由名词性的词充当，一般位于及物动词和介词后面，宾语作为动词宾语和介词宾语分别构成动宾结构和介宾结构。可以做宾语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句。 11 宾语补足语 Object Complement This good news made me happy. They elected him president. We saw her entering the room. She found everthing in the lab in good order. 英语中有些及物动词后接宾语意思仍不完整，还需要有一个宾语补足语才能使结构意义完整。宾语与宾语补足语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，换句话说，在意思上，宾语相当于宾补的主语。 12 状语 Adverbial 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫作状语。 He writes carefully. This material is environmentally friendly. He runs very slowly. Unfortunately, he lost all of his money. 13 Match the sentences that share the same structures. The five basic sentence structures: 1. 主谓 (SV) I replied. 2. 主系表(SLP) I was embarrassed. 3. 主谓宾(SVO) I saw a white-haired man. 4. 主谓宾宾(SVOO) He gave me a smile. 5. 主谓宾补(SVOC) His words made me a lot more relaxed. 主谓状(SVA) I breathed deeply. 主谓宾状(SVOA) I looked at them in panic. 主谓 SV 16 主谓宾 SVO 17 主系表 SLP 18 主谓双宾 SVOO 19 主谓宾补 SVOC 20 Q1: How to identify direct object (直宾) and indirect object(间宾)? Q2: How to identify SVOO and SVOC? 21 Look at the pictures and tell the story with your own ending. See how many different basic sentence structures you can use. e.g. Mike was carrying books in the classroom. (SVO) 22 $$