话题12 灾害防范-【卓文中考】2024年陕西中考英语精准巧练

2024-09-03
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92  话题十二 灾害防范 教材单元链接 册次 对应教材单元 功能 八年级(下) Unit5 Whatwereyoudoingwhentherainstormcame? 谈论难忘的事 适当形式 1.[人教八(下)U5P35]Benwashelpinghismommake dinnerwhentherainbegantobeat heavily  (heavy)againstthewindows. 2.[人教八(下)U5P35]Falentrees,  broken  (break)windowsandrubbishwereeverywhere. 3.[冀教八(下)U7P100]Theearthisaveryspecial planet,andit faces  (face)abigproblem. 4.[冀教九(全)U3P42]Anearthquakeisdangerous, buttherearethingsyoucandotoprotect  yourself  (you). 5.[沪教七(下)U4P54]Many living  (live)things losetheirhomesbecauseofdeforestation. 6.Thiskindofpredicationsystem wilgreatly increasethe   chances  (chance) of survival. 7.After listening  (listen)tothefirealarm, everyoneshouldleavethehousequickly. 8.Manytsunamis(海啸)are less  (litle) than10feethigh,buttheyaredangerousno materwhattheirheight. 完成句子 1.[2023恩施州改编]外面正在刮大风,你最好待在家里。 Thewindis isblowing  outside,soyoud beterstayathome. 2.每天都有成千上万的物资被捐往灾区,以防止 物资耗尽。 Thousandsofsuppliesaredonatedtothedisaster areaeverydaytopreventthemfrom running out . 3.我们的政府给遭遇洪水的人们捐赠了许多东西。 Ourgovernment gaveaway  alotofthings tothosepeoplewhosuferedfromtheflood. 4.如果你被冰雹困在外面,尽你最大的努力躲到 附近的建筑物里面。 Ifyouaretrappedoutsidebyhail, tryyour best  tohideinsidenearbybuildings. 5.待在原地等待风暴过去,然后再试着去另一个 地方。 Staywhereyouareand waitfor  thestorm topassbeforeyoutrytomovetoanotherplace. 6.在接下来的几天里,火山喷出的烟雾和火山灰 覆盖了这座城市的大部分地区。 Inthe folowingdays ,smokeandashfrom thevolcanocoveredmostofthecity. 7.大火通常持续很长时间,对环境和人都不好。 Bigfireusualylastsforalongtimeanditsnot  goodfor  theenvironmentandpeople. 8.在中国,许多地方夏天经常有暴雨和洪灾。 ManyplacesofChinaoftenhaverainstormsand   floodwaters  insummer. 方框选词 calm you easy rain close happen save own 1.[2023大连改编]Wedecided tostayathome becauseitwas raining  heavily.                                                          93  2.[人教八(下)U5P35]Althoughthestormbrokemany thingsapart,itbroughtfamiliesandneighbors  closer  together. 3.Tsunamis(海啸)can easily  causecarsto float,knockpeopleof,anddestroybuildingsin theirpath. 4.Whentheresafire,youshouldmake yourself  closetothefloorandtrytogetoutoftheroom quickly. 5.Incaseoftheearthquake,weshouldkeep  calm  andgotoanopenarearightaway. 6.Thehomesweresobadlydamagedthattheir  owners  mustleavethem. 7.Manypeopleweresuccessfuly saved  by rescue workersand the welfare (福 利) departmentbroughtthemfoodandclothes. 8.Whileyoucantstopdisastersfrom happening , youcanstaysafeduringoneifyouknowwhatto do.                    Ⅰ.完形填空(第一节) 地震中确保房屋安全 Itissadbuttruethatpeopledieinearthquakes from faling furniture and bricks(砖 块 ). Earthquakesafetyisveryimportantandthereis moretoitthanjustkeepingbuildings 1  faling down.Soifyourhomeisinanearthquakearea, youshouldknow 2  andgetreadybeforethe earthquakecomes. First,makesureyoubuyahousewhichis earthquakeproof(抗震的).Alpipes(管)should befixedtothewals, 3  alwalsshouldbe especialythickandstrong.Youalsohavetomake surethattherearebolts(螺栓)underneathyour house.Theyareoneofthemostimportantwaysof protecting 4  house.Makesurethebuildinghas nobrokenwindowsandiswel 5 . Second,lookattheobjectsinyourhouse. Thoseinthelivingroom,whicharethemostlikely tohurt 6 ,arecomputers,televisionsand lamps.Theycanbetiedtotablesorstucktothem sotheywont 7 movearound.Thekitchenmust havestrongdoorsonalthecupboards.Thisisthe placewheremanysmalthingsstoredthatmight faldown.Windowsareaspecialproblem. Whentheybreak,glasscan  8  many accidents.Try 9  safetyglassifyoucan, especialyforpictures. Alwaysremember:“Itis 10  tobesafe thansory.”                   1.A.of B.in C.from D.with 2.A.wherecanyougo B.whatcanyoudo C.whereyoucango D.whatyoucando 3.A.so B.and C.or D.but 4.A.a B.an C./ D.the 5.A.repaired B.repairing C.repairs D.repair 6.A.we B.us C.our D.ours 7.A.quickly B.quick C.easy D.easily 8.A.causing B.causes C.cause D.caused 9.A.touse B.using C.use D.uses 10.A.good B.beter C.best D.wel                                               94  Ⅱ.阅读理解 A一般选择型 野火的危害 As climate change gets worse, global temperaturesincrease,andsodoestheriskof wildfire.ArecentreportfromtheUnitedNations showsthatwildfireisbecomingmorecommonand severe.Wildfirehascausedmanyproblemsacross countries.Thefiredestroyshomesandbusinesses, takeslivesandalsodamagestheenvironment. AwildfireinNewMexico,astateinthe southwesternUS,burnedfornearlytwomonthsin 2022,damagingmorethan1,275km2ofland— an areaaboutthesizeofthecityofLosAngeles. Wildfirehascreatedseasonalpolution in the northwesternUS.Between2002and2018,carbon monoxide(一氧化碳)levelsincreasedeveryyear forthemonthofAugustinthearea. In2019and2020,Australianwildfirefiled theairwithdeadlycloudsofsmokeandkiled thousandsofkoalas.Around437,000peoplehadto takeinairwithaPM2.5concentration(浓度)of atleast25mg/cm3ofair.Thatsmorethanthe15 mg/cm3ofairthattheWorldHealthOrganization (WHO)considersacceptable. Inthelast10years,thetotalnumberofforest fireinChinaeveryyearhasincreasedtomorethan 2,000cases.Wildfireleadstogreatlossof animals,forestsandpeople.Whatsworse,some animalsbecomeendangeredandsomepeoplehave tomovetootherplacestolive.GreaterHinggan Mountains(大兴安岭)isoneoftheimportant forestryplacesinChina.Thegovernmentuses mountainwatchtowers,forestcamerasandaerial drones(空中无人机)topreventforestfirein summer. 1.AwildfireinNewMexicoburned a . A.forovertwomonths B.over1,275km2ofland C.thecityofLosAngeles D.astateinthenorthwesternUS 2.全国创新考法·序号组合 Whatareusedto preventfireintheGreaterHingganMountains?  a  a.Mountainwatchtowers.b.Forestcameras. c.Airplanes.     d.Aerialdrones. A.abc B.bcd C.abd D.acd 3.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext? a  A.DiferentWaystoAvoidWildfire B.AchievementsMadebyFiremen C.ProblemsCausedbyWildfire D.FormsofWildfire B七选五还原句子型[2022陕西] 龙卷风 Every year in the U.S.thereareabout500 tornadoes,anaturaldisaster (灾害;灾难),fromTexas throughOklahoma,Kansas, Nebraska,Iowaandinto SouthDakota. 1 . The“tornadoseason”isusualyinspring,but thepeopleinTornadoAleyarealwaysreadyfor themandtheyalwayslistentothenews.Whenthe warningscome, 2 .Theyfindsomewheresafe tostay.Athome,thebestplaceisthebasement— aroomthatisusedtostorethingsunderthelevelof theground.Ifthereisnobasement,aroomwithout windowslikethebathroomisalsoasafeplace.                                                                        95  “ 3  sothatwecangetreadyandwontfeel afraidwhentheresatornado,”saysTifanyTaylor, ahighschoolstudentfrom Texas.“Theresno basementatmyschool,soweusualygotothe halwaysonthelowestfloors.Ofcourse,wenever sitnearthewindows.” Afterthetornado,peoplefirstchecktoseeifit issafetogooutandthentheycheckthebuildings andtheareafordamage(破坏). 4 ! InChina,wearenotsooftentroubledby tornadoes, but we do have disasters like earthquakes,oranunexpectedfire.Itisimportant toknow how tokeepussafewhenadisaster happens.Remember:inordertostaysafeinnatural disasters, 5 .Forexample,wedbeterkeep disasterplansinmindandpracticeoften. A.peoplefolowtheirdisasterplans B.Andusualythereisalotofdamage C.Thisisbecausetherearealotoftornadoes D.Atschool,weoftenhavepractice E.peoplerunoutoftheirhomeswithfear F.weshouldgetwelprepared G.Thatswhythisareaiscaled“TornadoAley” Ⅲ.短文填空 土耳其大地震 they make power keep report building people be normal strong     In the early hoursofFebruary6th, a 1.      earthquakerockedTurkey.Ithas beenthe2.     onetohitthecountryinover 80years.Theearthquakewasstrongenoughtobefelt inothercountries,includingGreeceandEgypt. Theearthquakewas3.      tohavea magnitude(震级)of7.8.Thatsverypowerful. Later,theareawashitbyover130aftershocks. Aftershocksare4.      smalerquakesthat folowalargeearthquake.Butinthiscase,manyof theaftershockshavealsobeenverystrong.Onehad amagnitudeof7.5. The earthquake and itsaftershocks have destroyedlargenumbersof5.      in severalcitiesinTurkey.Thefalenbuildingshave ledtohugenumbersofdeathsand injuries. TurkeysgovernmentsaidonFebruary10thatleast 17,000peoplehadbeenkiledandover72,000 injured.Thosenumbers6.     expectedto riseasrescueworkprogresses. Thousandsofrescueworkersarenowtryingto findandsave7.     lives.Thegovernment saysithassentoutmorethan53,000rescueworkers and logisticssupportstaf. Over60 diferent countrieshaveoferedhelp.Theearthquakeandits aftershockshavedamagedroads.Thegovernment hasaskedpeopleto8.      theroadsclear forthem.Butevenso,manyroadsarestil jammedwithpeopletryingtogetawayfrom aftershocks. Theweatherisalsocausingproblems.Beforethe earthquake,theareawaspreparingforaheavysnow storm.Now,snowandrainare9.     rescue efortsmoredificult.Theweatherisalsocreating bad conditions for those who have lost 10.     homes.Thegoodnewsisthatmany localmosques(清真寺)haveopenedtohousethem. ———素材选自《学英语报》 Ⅳ.任务型阅读 美国建造牡蛎墙抵御洪水 According to oficialreports, every 100 minutes,thewetlands(湿地)intheUSstateof                                                                        96  Louisianaarelosinganareaasbigasafootbal field.Thishasgreatlyreducedthewetlandsflood protectionfunction. “Everystormseason,wearelikelytolose,” saidKimReyherofawetlandprotectiongroupin thecityofNewOrleans.“Thelandisslowly sinking;thewaterisslowlycomingup.Sowecant justsithereandexpectthingstogetbeterwithout takingaction.” Somerestaurantsinthecitythinktheiroyster shels(牡蛎壳)canhelp.“Myrestauranthas recycledover700tonsofoystershels,” said DickieBrennan,alocalrestaurantowner.“The mostinterestingthingisthateveryoysterthatwe caughtthereisputbackthere.Theresnowaste.” Theshelsarebeingbroughttothewetlands. Theyreputagainstthebanktoform aliving, growing“wal”.Theyrehelpingtoprotectthecity. “Theoystershelsthatweputintothewater areactualygoingtoatractthosebabyoysters,” saidanothermemberofthewetlandprotection group.“Theywilliveontheshelsandthats wheretheywilgrow.Theshelsalsoatractother animals.Forexample,fishandbirdsaregoingto feedonthem.Sothe“wal”createsabeautiful ecosystem. ———素材选自《学英语报》 1.Howmanywetlandsarelosinginthestateof Louisianaevery100minutes? Thewetlandsarelosinganareaasbigasa            . 2.Whatcanfloodcause? Itcancausethelandtosinkandthewaterto             slowly. 3.Whohelpstorecycleoystershels? Some            inthecityhelp torecycleoystershels. 4.WhichEnglishwordinthepassagemeans“功 能”? Its“           ”. 5.Whattitlecanyoumakeforthispassageinno morethaneightwordsusing“oystershels, controlflood”? Thetitlecanbe“      ”. Ⅴ.补全对话 A:Hi,YanXu.Youlooksad.1. Whatswrong/ Whatsthemater/Whathappened/... ? B:MypenpalinTurkeylosthishomebecauseof theearthquake.Andhisparentsgothurtin hospital. A:2. Imsorrytohearthat .Whodoeshe livewithnow? B:Heliveswithhisuncle.Hemustlookafterhis parentsinthehospitaleveryday. A:Oh.3. Howdoeshegotothehospital ? B:Hewalkstothehospital.Andittakeshimhalf anhourtogettothehospitalonfoot. A:Thatstoobad.Hemustbeverysadandtired. 4. Whatcanwedotohelphim ? B:Iwrotetoencouragehim.AndIlgivemy pocketmoneytohelphim.Butitworksalitle. A:Dontwory.EverythingwilbeOK. B:Ithinkso.Thankyou. A:5. Youarewelcome . Ⅵ.书面表达 近年来台风频发,许多人因此受伤甚至失去 生命。作为中学生,我们应该有自我保护的意 识。请根据以下思维导图,按要求用英语写一篇                                                                        97  短文,介绍台风并说明在台风来临时应该如何保 护自己。 参考词汇:falon,blowaway,stayathome, immediately,爥 要求:1.短文必须包括所给要点,选择使用参考 词汇,可适当发挥; 2.语句通顺,意思连贯,书写工整; 3.文中不得出现你的任何真实信息(姓名、 校名和地名等); 4.词数:不少于70。(开头已给出,但不计 入总词数。) Atyphoonisakindofdangerouswind.                                               【典例剖析】 为了让同学们更好地了解地震的相关知识,学校开展了地震自救知识征文活动。请根据以下思 维导图,按要求用英语写一篇短文,介绍地震来临时的保护措施。     !"#$% &'() *+ *, Don , t jump out of tall buildings. Stay away from windows and heavy furniture. ... Don , t stand near street lights or under electric lines. Stay away from bridges and trees. ...              人称:第一人称 时态:一般现在时 文体:说明文 主题:地震来临时如何自救 参考词汇:becarefulof,keepcool,爥 要求:1.参考提示内容,选择使用参考词汇,可适当发挥; 2.语句通顺,意思连贯,书写工整; 3.文中不得出现你的任何真实信息(姓名、校名和地名等); 4.词数:不少于70。(开头已给出,但不计入总词数。) WhattoDoinAnEarthquake Earthquakesoftenhappensuddenly,soitsdificulttowarnpeopleaboutthem.Mostpeoplehave litleornochancetoprepareforanearthquake,soheressomeadviceaboutwhattodo.           98      衔接成篇 润色升华 WhattoDoinAnEarthquake Earthquakesoftenhappensuddenly,soitsdificulttowarnpeople aboutthem.Mostpeoplehavelitleornochancetoprepareforan earthquake,soheressomeadviceaboutwhattodo. Ifyouareinside,dontjumpoutoftalbuildings.Stayawayfrom windowsandheavyfurniture.①Leavethebuildingquicklywhenthe groundstopsshaking.Dontusethelift.Keepcoolandtrytohelpothers ifpossible. Ifyouareoutside,moveawayfrombuildings.②Dontstandnear streetlights.Anddontstandunderelectriclines.Stayawayfrom bridgesandtrees.Inthemountains,becarefuloffalingrocks.Onthe beach,runawayfromtheseaandmovequicklytohigherground. ③Aboveal,itsimportanttothinkaboutwhatyoulearntinschool andtrytoprotectyourself. ①尝试用“as爥as”改写:       ②尝试用“or”连接两个句子:     ③尝试用“asfarasIamconcerned” “tryonesbest”改写:         【即时训练】 A.句式升阶 1.Firemenhavemadegreatprogressinrescuing. Itsamazing.(用“Its+adj.+that爥”改写)     2.CouldyoutelmewhatIcandowhenthereisa storm?(用“疑问词+动词不定式”改写)     3.Whendidthefloodbreakout?Iwanttoknow. (用宾语从句改写)     4.Thesnowistooheavyforyoutogoonthestreet. (用“so爥that爥”改写)     B.实战演练 (一) 在日常生活中,火灾已成为一种多发性灾害。 为了自己和他人的安全,我们应该知道一些逃生自                    99  救的常识。请根据以下图片和要求,以“Howto ProtectYourselfinAFire”为题,写一篇英语短文。 参考词汇:lift,gas,light,cover,jump,calm,爥 要求:1.参考提示内容,选择使用参考词汇,可适 当发挥; 2.语句通顺,意思连贯,书写工整; 3.文中不得出现你的任何真实信息(姓名、 校名和地名等); 4.词数:不少于70。(开头已给出,但不计 入总词数。) HowtoProtectYourselfinAFire Recently,thefiredisasterhasbeenfrequently reportedonTV.                                     (二) 在连续两天的大雨之后,上周一早上发生了一 场山崩。请你根据下面思维导图的提示,以“A Landslide(山崩)”为题,按要求用英语写一篇短文。 A Landslide Before the landslide: !"##$%,''()*+, ,-.。01!"##234 5,678。 During the landslide: 9:8;<=,!>?@AB, CDE8F,GHI>…… After the landslide: KLMN)*%O,PQ9:R SF,HTUVWX"YZ。! >-[\。 参考词汇:comeback,runaway,washaway,inal directions,爥 要求:1.参考提示内容,选择使用参考词汇,可适 当发挥; 2.语句通顺,意思连贯,书写工整; 3.文中不得出现你的任何真实信息(姓名、 校名和地名等); 4.词数:不少于70。(开头已给出,但不计 入总词数。) ALandslide LastMondaymorning,aftertwodaysheavy rain,alandslidehitourhometown.                                                                                                    话题十二 灾害防范 “progresses”可知,句子时态为一般现在时,且主语 【词汇情境练·小题夯基】 “Those numbers”是复数,故用are. 适当形式 7.people's【解析】句意:成千上万的救援人员正在努力寻 f 5.living 找和拯救 1. heavily 2. broken 3. faces 4. yourself ___生命。根据句意及备选词可知,people 6. chances 7. listening 8. less 符合语境,此处应用名词所有格形式修饰空后的名词。 完成句子 8.kcep【解析】句意:政府要求人们为他们 道路 1. blowing strongly 2. running out 3. gave away 畅通。根据句意及备选词可知,keep符合语境,asksb.to 4. try your best 5. wait for 6. following days 7. good for dosth.要求某人做某事,为固定搭配。 8. floodwaters 9.making 【解析】句意:现在,雨雪天气 救援工作 方框选词 更加困难,根据句意及备选词可知,make符合语境:空 1. raining 2. closer 3. easily 4. yourself 5. calm 前有助动词are,此处应是现在进行时,应用动词的现在 6. owners 7. saved 8. happening 分词形式。 10.their【解析】句意:天气也为那些失去。 【语篇素养练·综合提升】 家园的 I.1.C 2. D 3. B 4.A 5.A 6. B 7. D 8.C 9.A 人制造了恶劣的条件。根据句意及备选词可知,they符 10.B 合语境,此处应用形容词性物主代词修饰空后的名词。 II.A 1.B 2.C 3.C IV. 1. football field 2. come up 3. restaurants 4. function B 1.G 2.A 3.D 4. B 5.F 5. Oyster Shells A Tool to Control Flood/Oyster II.【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了土耳其大 Shells -A Useful Tool to Control Flood/... 地震及其带来的影响。 V.I. What's wrong/What's the mater/What happened/.. 1.powerful【解析】句意;2月6日凌晨,土耳其发生了一场 2. Im sorry to hear that 地震。根据句意及备选词可知,power符合语 3. How does he go to the hospital 境,此处应用形容词修饰空后的名词。 4. What can we do to help him 5. You are welcome 2.strongest 【解析】句意:这是该国80多年来道遇的 ___地震。根据句意及备选词可知,strong符合语境,空 A typhoon is a kind of dangerous wind. When there is a 前有the,空后有比较范围“inover80years”,应用形容词 typhoon, heavy objects may fallon cars in the street. It may 最高级。 blow away the flower pots outside people's flats. Big waves 3. reported 【解析】句意:据 ,这次地震的震级为 in the sea may sink ships and boats. So we must be careful 7.8级。根据句意及备选词可知,report符合语境,主语 with typhoon. We should close the windows when a typhoon “earthquake”与谓语动词“report”之间是动宾关系,空前 comes. We'd better stay at home. Drivers should park their 有助动词was,此处为一般过去时的被动语态,应填动词 cars in the car parks. Ships and boats should come back to 的过去分词形式 the harbor immediately. 4. normally 【解析】句意:余震 是在大地震之后发 【话题练写作·高效提分】 生的较小的地震。根据句意及备选词可知,normal符合 典例剖析 语境,此处应用副词修饰空前的系动词。 ①Leave the building as quickly as you can when the ground 5.buildings 【解析】句意:地震及其余震摧毁了土耳其几个 stops shaking. 城市的大量 。根据句意及备选词可知,building符 ②Don't stand near street lights or under electric lines. 合语境,空前有largenumbersof,此处应用名词的复数形式。 ③As far as I am concerned, think about what you learnt in 6.are【解析】句意:随着救援工作的进行,这些数字预计还 school and try your best to protect yourself. 会上涨。根据句意及备选词可知,be符合语境,根据空后 即时练 30 A. 1. It's amazing that firemen have made great progress in rescuing. 2. Could you tell me what to do when there is a storm? 3. I want to know when the flood broke out. 4. The snow is so heavy that you can't go on the street B. (一) How to Protect Yourself in A Fire Recently, the fire disaster has been frequently reported on TV. So, our school thinks it is necessary to teach students how to protect themselves in a fire. And here comes the methods. First, you should keep calm. It is very important to keep your head clear. Second. you should cut off the electricity in the house in case you could get hurt by it. Third. you should turn off the gas and lights. Fourth, you should cover your mouth and nose with a towel or mask, wet your clothes, bend down and move forward in a low position. Fifth, remember not to jump off a window or take the lift. Sixth, you can also call 11o for help. Finally. you should try your best to get out there. These are our school's methods. I think these methods are very useful. , (二) A Landslide Last Monday morning, after two days' heavy rain, a landslide hit our hometown. I was at home with my mother on that day. When my father came back in the afternoon, it was raining heavily. He asked us to leave quickly with umbrellas. Just then, the house started to shake. We were very frightened and ran away quickly. On the way out, I saw water washing away many things. People were running in all directions and houses were falling down. The following morning, we went back. We found tha there was no house at all. There were only pieces of glass and bricks everywhere. We felt very sad. 31

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话题12 灾害防范-【卓文中考】2024年陕西中考英语精准巧练
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话题12 灾害防范-【卓文中考】2024年陕西中考英语精准巧练
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话题12 灾害防范-【卓文中考】2024年陕西中考英语精准巧练
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