第5讲 2023年高考卷江苏阅读D篇 任务单-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

2023年高考英语（新课标全国I 卷）阅读D篇 第5讲 2023年高考英语（新课标全国I 卷D篇） 词汇及例句 音标 词性 中文 英文释义 1 On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. 2 statistician statistics （N quantitative data on any subject, esp data comparing the distribution of some quantity for different subclasses of the population 统计数据） /ˌstætɪˈstɪʃn/ 统计学家；统计员 a person who studies or works with statistics统计学家；统计员 3 paper 论文 6. [ C]an academic article about a particular subject that is written by and for specialists 4 illustrate （用示例、图画等）说明，解释 [ VN] 2. to make the meaning of sth clearer by using examples, pictures, etc. 5 the “wisdom of crowds” effect 群体智慧效应 6 effect /ɪˈfekt/ n. v. 1. [ CU]~ (on sb/sth)a change that sb/sth causes in sb/sth else; a result效应；影响；结果 7 The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. 8 estimation /ˌestɪˈmeɪʃn/ 9 conduct 10 in some cases 11 average /ˈævərɪdʒ/ 1.平均数; 2. 平均水平；一般水准 1. the result of adding several amounts together, finding a total, and dividing the total by the number of amounts 2. a level which is usual 12 depend 13 dependent 受…的影响；取决于 3. ~ on/upon sth( formal ) affected or decided by sth 14 independent /ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/ 不相关的；不受影响的；无关联的 3. ~ (of sb/sth)not connected with or influenced by sth; not connected with each other不相关的；不受影响的；无关联的 15 estimate 16 accurate 17 accuracy 18 This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. 19 capitalize on 充分利用；从…中获得更多的好处 PHRASAL VERBS 短语动词 1.ˈCAPITALIZE ON/UPON STH to gain a further advantage for yourself from a situation 20 estimate 21 over- 超过；在上方 22 under- 低于；在下方 23 When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. 24 average 平均为 to calculate the average of sth计算出…的平均数 25 cancel each other out 抵消 26 If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. 27 In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. 28 In more technical terms 从更专业的角度来说 29 宾语从句（虚拟语气）shoud+do 30 If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. 31 correlated /ˈkɒrəleɪtɪd/ correlate relate(v. 联系，使有联系) cor-=con-=com- 一起 /ˈkɒrəleɪt; ˈkɒrələt/ 1. 和…相关 (尤指互有因果关系); 相近 1. V-RECIPIf one thing correlates with another, there is a close similarity or connection between them, often because one thing causes the other. You can also say that two things correlate. 32 the accuracy of the estimate /ˈækjərəsi/ 33 But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. 34 定语；后置定语；后置定语的形式有哪些? 35 twist 2.（故事或情况的）转折，转变，突然变化 2. [ C]an unexpected change or development in a story or situation 36 phenomenon   /fəˈnɒmɪnən/ (pl. phenomena /‑ɪnə/ 1.现象 2. 杰出的人；非凡的人（或事物） 1. a fact or an event in nature or society, especially one that is not fully understood • cultural/natural/social phenomena 文化╱自然╱社会现象 2. a person or thing that is very successful or impressive 37 The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. 38 study 39 that引导的定语从句的理解 40 than+比较对象those (后置定语) 41 For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. 42 用符号分析长句的句子结构 43 significantly /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəntli/ 1. in a way that is large or important enough to have an effect on sth or to be noticed有重大意义地；显著地；明显地 44 In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. 45 follow-up [ CU]an action or a thing that continues sth that has already started or comes after sth similar that was done earlier后续行动；后续事物 a follow-up study 进一步的研究 46 get a better sense of 更好的了解 47 用符号分析长句的句子结构 48 Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? 49 This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. /ˈdɒmɪnənt/ 1.首要的；占支配地位的；占优势的；显著的 1. more important, powerful or noticeable than other things 50 Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”. Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. 这些论证和推理 51 Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 潜在的影响 52 potential implications /ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)nz/ 53 enormous /ɪˈnɔːməs/ 巨大的；庞大的；极大的 extremely large 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 70 71 2023年高考英语（新课标全国I 卷）阅读D篇 测试版 第5讲 2023年高考英语（新课标全国I 卷D篇） 词汇及例句 音标 词性 中文 英文释义 1 On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. 2 statistician statistics （N quantitative data on any subject, esp data comparing the distribution of some quantity for different subclasses of the population 统计数据） /ˌstætɪˈstɪʃn/ 3 paper 4 illustrate 5 the “wisdom of crowds” effect 6 effect /ɪˈfekt/ 7 The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. 8 estimation /ˌestɪˈmeɪʃn/ 9 conduct 10 in some cases 11 average /ˈævərɪdʒ/ 12 depend 13 dependent 14 independent /ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/ 15 estimate 16 accurate 17 accuracy 18 This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. 19 capitalize on 20 estimate 21 over- 22 under- 23 When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. 24 average 25 cancel each other out 26 If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. 27 In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. 28 In more technical terms 29 宾语从句（虚拟语气）shoud+do 30 If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. 31 correlated /ˈkɒrəleɪtɪd/ correlate relate(v. 联系，使有联系) cor-=con-=com- 一起 /ˈkɒrəleɪt; ˈkɒrələt/ 32 the accuracy of the estimate /ˈækjərəsi/ 33 But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. 34 定语；后置定语；后置定语的形式有哪些? 35 twist 36 phenomenon   /fəˈnɒmɪnən/ 37 The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. 38 study 39 that引导的定语从句的理解 40 than+比较对象those (后置定语) 41 For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. 42 用符号分析长句的句子结构 43 significantly /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəntli/ 44 In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. 45 follow-up a follow-up study 46 get a better sense of 47 用符号分析长句的句子结构 48 Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? 49 This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. /ˈdɒmɪnənt/ 50 Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”. Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. 51 Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 52 potential implications /ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)nz/ 53 enormous /ɪˈnɔːməs/ 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 70 71 Sheet3 Sheet1 $$