专题16 定语从句-十年（2015-2024）高考英语语法填空真题与最新模考试题汇编

十年（2015-2024）高考英语 语法填空真题与最新模考试题汇编 专题16 定语从句 （原卷版） Part 1 考点分类+考频统计 题源 考点 考频 专项 考频 2014-2024年 历年真题59篇 三大从句 60 定语从句 37 名词性从句 15 状语从句 8 Part 2 十年真题 1. [2024年甲卷] Yellowstone was the largest United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _____50_____ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 2. [2024年全国I卷] The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ____64____ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 3. [2024年全国II卷] Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ___36___ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 4. [2024年北京卷] Tinniswood, ___17___ doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. 5. [2024年浙江卷1月] Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way __3___ will make them the most money. 6. [2023年全国甲卷] Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 3.______ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” 7. [2023年全国甲卷]Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone（口吻）are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, 4.______ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” 8. [2023年全国乙卷] But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place 3.______ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life 9. [2023年北京卷] Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, 8 thousands were attending a water conference. 10. [2022年全国甲卷] On the 1,100 kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___2___ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. 11. [2022年新高考I卷] The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _____10_____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 12. [2022年北京卷] That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of ____8____ are only good for one use. 13. [2022年浙江卷 1月] Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ___1___ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. 14. [2021年新高考全国II卷] I decided that if I learned of a company____4____ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back. 15. [2021年浙江卷1月] BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 2 gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. 16. [2021年北京卷] When you sleep,your brain sorts through everything ____2____ happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memories. 17. [2020年全国I卷] .Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 3 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 18. [2020年全国III卷] In ancient China lived an artist 1 paintings were almost lifelike. 19. [2020年全国新高考Ⅰ卷] The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum 4 opened in 1759. 20. [2020年全国新高考Ⅱ卷] The Digital World is a set of volumes 5 aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. 21. [2019年全国II卷] Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， 2 she opened with her late husband Les. 22. [2019年全国III卷] They were well trained by their masters 4 had great experience with caring for these animals. 23. [2019年北京卷] The students benefiting most from college are those 9 are totally engaged（参与）in academic life. 24. [2019年浙江卷6月] On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ____3____gives off light in the dark. 25. [2018年全国I卷] Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 6 showed a mere five to 10 minutes 26. [2018年全国II卷] The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing program 9. gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 27. [2018年浙江卷1月] Like many things in life, it's 1 ongoing process, and the best part of the process is that there's enough room for improvement, 2 means you'll just keep getting better and better. 28. [2018年浙江卷6月] Many westerners 2 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out. 29. [2017年全国I卷] Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 10 is not good for the health. 30. [2017年全国III卷] But Sarah, 4 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. 31. [2017年浙江卷] Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 9 it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. 32. [2016年全国I卷] But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 5 I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 33. [2016年四川卷] Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 7 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C．, influenced the development of chopsticks. 34. [2015年全国I卷] I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 4 are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. 35. [2015年广东卷] Thinking about his children's clothes，he started growing cotton too.When harvest came around，he was already selling herbs，vegetables and cotton in the market 9 people from the towns met regularly. 36. [2014年全国I卷] Maybe you have a habit 7 is driving your family crazy. 37. [2014年广东卷] The next day, my brother and I went to the beach 9 we watched some people play volleyball. Part 3 最新模拟题 1. [浙江省北斗星盟高三适应性考试]Sandhaus traces the invention of baijiu back a thousand years, ____57____ either traders from the Middle East or invaders from Mongolia introduced the concept of distillation(蒸馏)to the mainland. 2. [2024年江苏省无锡市四校学情调研试卷]After a family conflict, Le Ying (played by Jia Ling) decides to leave home____40____ she lives with her parents and her divorced younger sister. 3. [华大新高考联盟2024届高三11月教学质量测评]It is next to Greyfriars Chapel, the only remains of the Franciscan Friary ____50____ most parts were destroyed by Henry Ⅷ during the dissolution. 4. [2024年云学名校联盟高一年级３月联考]This was the time ____65____ China was divided into seven states that waged war against each other for supremacy (霸权). 5. [2024届“皖南八校”高三第二次大联考]In the times ____56____ the Grand Canal, a UNESCO World Heritage site, directly connected Beijing in the north and Hangzhou in the south, Anhui traders fanned out across China. 6. [名校学术联盟•高考模拟信息卷&押题卷]Pu’er tea gets its name from Pu’er, a town ____37____ most of the tea is processed and sold. 7. [华大新高考联盟2024届高三4月教学质量测评]Between 121 BC and 111 BC, Emperor Wu set up four counties to the west of the Yellow River, Jiuquan, Wuwei, Zhangye and Dunhuang to expand the influence of the Han central government and develop ties with countries in XiYu (西域), ____42____ were west of the Yumen Pass in today’s Central Asia. 8. [2024 届高三广东六校第三次联考]Han has a history dating back thousands of years and the traditional clothing of the Han people is called Hanfu, 2 charm has also flourished for centuries. 9. [2024·广东·模拟预测] A total of 478 gold medals have been produced in various events, 23 saw 15 world records broken, 28 Asian records renewed, and 150 Asian Games records bettered, according to Xu Deqing, chief spokesperson of the Hangzhou Asian Games. 10. [2024·浙江嘉兴·模拟预测]As someone belonging to the Han ethnic group, she has always been eager to wear clothing 57 is representative of her community. 11. [22-23高二下·重庆·期末]Up to now, Beijing Tianqiao Performing Arts Center, 79 aim is to emphasize the inheritance, promotion, development and popularization of traditional Chinese culture and arts, has also held many exhibitions related to traditional drama, and established the Peking Opera inheritance class to popularize the traditional art to children. 12. [2024·湖南衡阳·一模]The earliest batch of tea is often ready to be picked before Qingming, which is observed in early April 103 the temperature begins to rise and rainfall increases. 13. [2024·江苏南京·一模]One important aspect of the initiative is the improvement of rural infrastructure 113   includes the construction of better roads, bridges, and watering systems to improve the efficiency of transportation and agricultural activities. 14. [2023·四川达州·一模]Are you familiar with pop star Jay Chou’s Blue &White Porcelain? Its original lines, just 131 the composer Fang Wenshan described, were inspired by Ru porcelain (汝瓷). 15. [2024·湖南长沙·一模]The program was carried out during last year’s International Copyright Forum, 143 was held in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi province. 16. [23-24高三上·江苏常州·期末]Gu Kaizhi proposed the principles of painting 157 influence has lasted a thousand years, such as “realizing perfection through empathy”, “exposing spirit with form”, as well as his “six methods”. 17. [2024·四川绵阳·一模]As an epic (史诗) 181 brings back to life some of the most famous poets from the Tang Dynasty (618-907), the highly expected animated movie Chang’an held its premiere (首映) in what was once its namesake city, now known as Xi’an, the provincial capital of Shaanxi province on July 2. 18. [19-20高二上·全国·课时练习]In most addictions, people feel forced to do certain activities so often that they become harmful habits, 224 then affect other important activities such as work and study. 19. [23-24高三上·安徽合肥·阶段练习]Of the 227 people 239 work has been recognized with the prize, Karikó is the thirteenth woman among them. 20. [2024·辽宁沈阳·一模]As a major entertainment during Lunar New Year’s Eve, the gala marks the joyous moment 270 families gather together to celebrate. 21. [2024·山东日照·一模]The 16 dancers come from the Chaoshan region of South China’s Guangdong province, the place 274 the dance originated, and traveled to England to spread wishes of good fortune in the Year of the Dragon to people in the United Kingdom. 22. [2024·山东潍坊·模拟预测]The character “three” is shaped like a book, 282 represents the long historical tradition of Rong Bao Zhai. 23. [22-23高一上·全国·单元测试]Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back in a place 298 they were safe from the water. In all, thousands of engineers and workers rescued 22 temples and countless cultural relics. Part 4 短文语法填空 · 真题 + 模拟题 【2017·全国II卷】 In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 1 (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 2 work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, 3 (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 4 top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced. Steam engines 5 (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 6 (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 7 every day. Later, engineers 8 (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the 9 (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most 10 (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public. 【2017·全国III卷】 She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course .But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 1 (rest). Instead, she is earning $6,500 a day as 2 model in New York. Sarah 3 (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah, 4 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 5 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her 6 (educate). She has turned down several 7 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree 8 engineering or architecture. Sarah says, "My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 9 (come) first. I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 10 (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't model my more." 【2017浙江卷】 Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 1 (carrot) and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer, and she noticed a 2 (shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring. Pahlsson screamed 3 loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “She thought I had hurt 4 (I),” says Pahlsson. Sixteen years 5 (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 6 (cook) a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters — then ten, eight, and six — had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn’t. Pahlsson and her husband 7 (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. “I gave up hope of finding my ring again,” she says. She never replaced it. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 8 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 9 it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was 10 wonder. 【重 庆 缙 云 教 育 联 盟2024年高考第一次诊断性检测】 Imagine for a moment that your unborn child has a rare genetic disorder. Not ____36____ at least vaguely familiar, such as sickle-cell anaemia or cystic fibrosis, but rather a condition ____37____ (bury) deep within the medical dictionary. Adrenoleukodys trophy, maybe. Or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Would you, when your child is born, want to know about it? If effective treatments were available, you probably would. But if not? If the outcome were fatal, would your interest in knowing about it depend on whether your newborn had five years of life____38____ (look) forward to, or ten? Or 30? Today these questions are mostly hypothetical. Precisely because they are rare, such disorders are seldom noticed at birth. They manifest (显现) themselves only gradually, and often with unpredictable severity. But that may soon change. Twenty years after the first human genome ____39____ (map), the price of whole-genome sequencing has fallen to a point ____40____ it could, in rich countries at least, be offered routinely to newborns. Parents will then have to decide exactly how much they want to know. Early diagnosis brings with it the possibility of early treatment. Moreover, sequencing the genomes of newborns could offer a lifetime of returns. A patient’s genome may reveal ____41____ drugs will work best in his or her particular case for conditions such as ADHD, depression and cancer. Combined with information about someone’s way of life, it could highlight easily neglected health risks such as cancers and cardiovascular disease, leading to better preventive measures. A database of genomes, ____42____ (match) to living people, would be a benefit to medical research. The fruits of that research, in turn, would make those genomes more useful to their owners as time goes on. Such a powerful new technology create new dangers. Widespread screening for thousands of potentially harmful genes may be counterproductive: some results may worry parents unnecessarily, because some genetic variations, ____43____ occasionally indicative of disease, are not strongly so. Parents may not want to unlock all the secrets that their newborn’s genome might reveal. Some may indeed prefer not to know about conditions that cannot be treated. Adult-onset illnesses pose a different dilemma — a reasonable position is that it ____44____ be up to the children themselves, once grown, to decide whether they want to look at their genomic information. A further concern is that data will not be kept secure, and may be leaked or otherwise misused _____45_____ some point in the future. 【北京市东城区2023-2024学年度第二学期高三综合练习(一)】 A 语法填空 When I lived in Boston, I taught English as a second language to adult students from around the world. On the last day, they threw a nice party. I was amazed they had learned enough English ____11____ (organize) such an event altogether. At the end of the party, they proudly handed me a gift box. After the box ____12____ (open), I gently lifted a beautiful coat from it. “We went shopping for a new coat!” they all shouted ____13____ wonderfully perfect English. B 语法填空 In early November in 2023, a diver, swimming off the coast of Sardinia, ____14____ (notice) pieces of metal on the ocean floor. He called the authorities and more divers were sent to look. The pieces turned out to be ancient Roman coins. The coins mostly lay ____15____ (bury) in sand and seagrass not far from the coast. It is said that more than 30, 000 coins have been found, ____16____ are close to 2, 000 years old. Experts call this a major historical discovery. C 语法填空 ChatGPT is a chatbot. Some schools ____17____ (ban) it since its birth. They need time to make rules about ____18____ it’s to be used properly in class. Some teachers see it as a ____19____ (cheat) tool. But many principals believe it’s too late to keep AI out of classrooms. A growing number of ____20____ (educate) say the panic about AI is a lot like the panic caused by the Internet when it was new. One of them says, “ChatGPT is to English and to writing what the calculator is to math.” 【黄 冈 八 模 】 Ancient Chinese civilisation has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history. One of the main factors ____36____ (be) the Chinese writing system. ____37____ (date) back several thousand years to the use of longgu，written Chinese was a picture­based language. At that time, people carved some ____38____ (symbol) on animal bones and shells. By the Shang Dynasty，it had been already a ____39____ (high) developed system. Later, there was a time ____40____ the Chinese people were divided geographically，leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.Chinese writing system was fixed from Qin Dynasty, when Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country. The writing system is not only of great ____41____ (important) in uniting the Chinese people and culture, but also an important means ____42____ which China’s present is connected with its past. Today, we can read the classic works which ____43____ (write) by Chinese in ancient times. Now, Chinese calligraphy, as ____44____ art form, has become an important part of Chinese culture. With China playing a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to learn Chinese _____45_____ (appreciate) China’s culture and history. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 十年（2015-2024）高考英语 语法填空真题与最新模考试题汇编 专题16 定语从句 （解析版） Part 1 考点分类+考频统计 题源 考点 考频 专项 考频 2014-2024年 历年真题59篇 三大从句 60 定语从句 37 名词性从句 15 状语从句 8 Part 2 十年真题 1. [2024年甲卷] Yellowstone was the largest United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _____50_____ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句-which。句意：黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园，占地220万英亩，直到1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积作为国家公园获得这项荣誉。本空所在句子为定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，从句中作主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句用which，故填which。 2. [2024年全国I卷] The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ____64____ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 【答案】 which##that 【解析】考查定语从句which/that。句意：这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头，将中国西南的植物容纳其中，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 3. [2024年全国II卷] Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ___36___ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 【答案】who 【解析】句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。 4. [2024年北京卷] Tinniswood, ___17___ doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. 【答案】who 【解析】句意：Tinniswood不吸烟，也很少喝酒，他认 适量饮酒有助于他在长寿期间保持健康。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tinniswood，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。 5. [2024年浙江卷1月] Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way __3___ will make them the most money. 【答案】that/which 【解析】考查定语从句 6. [2023年全国甲卷] Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 3.______ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” 7. [2023年全国甲卷]Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone（口吻）are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, 4.______ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” 【答案】3. as 4．where 【解析】 句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。 4．考查定语从句where。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 8. [2023年全国乙卷] But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place 3.______ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life 【答案】which/that 【解析】句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a place”，在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。 9. [2023年北京卷] Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, 8 thousands were attending a water conference. 【答案】where 【解析】句意：最近，尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动，数千人在那里参加了一个水会议。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Chicago，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 10. [2022年全国甲卷] On the 1,100 kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___2___ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. 【答案】who 【解析】句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为the man，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 11. [2022年新高考I卷] The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _____10_____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 【答案】that 【解析】句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。文体句子可知，空处考查引导限制性定语从句的关系词，指代先行词species，指物，在从句中作主语，且先行词前有all修饰，故只能用关系代词that。故填that。 12. [2022年北京卷] That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of ____8____ are only good for one use. 【答案】which 【解析】句意：这包括杯子、瓶子和袋子，其中大多数（东西）只能使用一次。文体可知，most of ______are only good for one use在句中为非限制性定语从句；先行词为cups, bottles, and bags，在从句中作介词of的宾语，所以此处用关系代词which。故填which。 13. [2022年浙江卷 1月] Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ___1___ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. 【答案】who/that 【解析】句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/who。 14. [2021年新高考全国II卷] I decided that if I learned of a company____4____ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back. 【答案】which/that 【解析】句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。文体句子结构， 　　4　　 used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a company，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句，所以填which或that。 15. [2021年浙江卷1月] BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 2 gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. 【答案】that/which 【解析】句意：BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具，它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。文体句子结构可知，设空处引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词tool，且在从句中做主语，故填that/which。 16. [2021年北京卷] When you sleep,your brain sorts through everything ____2____ happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memories. 【答案】that 【解析】句意：当你睡觉时，你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切，试图将新经历与旧记忆联系起来。文体句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词everything，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以此处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。 17. [2020年全国I卷] .Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 3 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 【答案】where 【解析】句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。文体句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。 18. [2020年全国III卷] In ancient China lived an artist 1 paintings were almost lifelike. 【答案】whose 【解析】句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 19. [2020年全国新高考Ⅰ卷] The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum 4 opened in 1759. 【答案】which/that 【解析】句意:例如，汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是the British Museum，关系词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。 20. [2020年全国新高考Ⅱ卷] The Digital World is a set of volumes 5 aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. 【答案】that/which 【解析】句意：《数字世界》是一套旨在描述数字系统如何影响社会并帮助读者理解数字系统的本质及其众多交互部分的丛书。句中先行词为volumes，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填that/which。 21. [2019年全国II卷] Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， 2 she opened with her late husband Les. 【答案】which 【解析】句意：现在，艾琳·阿斯特伯里每天从早上9点工作到下午5点，在麦克格斯菲尔德的一家宠物店工作，这家店是她和已故的丈夫莱斯一起开的。文体句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened的宾语，故填which。 22. [2019年全国III卷] They were well trained by their masters 4 had great experience with caring for these animals. 【答案】who 【解析】句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。 23. [2019年北京卷] The students benefiting most from college are those 9 are totally engaged（参与）in academic life. 【答案】who 【解析】句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。　　3　　 are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who。 24. [2019年浙江卷6月] On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ____3____gives off light in the dark. 【答案】that/which 【解析】这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。 25. [2018年全国I卷] Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 6 showed a mere five to 10 minutes 【答案】that \which 【解析】此处a study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。 26. [2018年全国II卷] The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing program 9. gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 【答案】that/which 【解析】根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。 27. [2018年浙江卷1月] Like many things in life, it's 1 ongoing process, and the best part of the process is that there's enough room for improvement, 2 means you'll just keep getting better and better. 【答案】which 【解析】句意：通过文体句子结构可知，_______means you'll just keep getting better and better.是定语从句，空白处所填的词指代逗号前的there’s enough room for improvement，which在句中为关系代词，引导非限定性定语从句，并在句中作主语。故填which。 28. [2018年浙江卷6月] Many westerners 2 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out. 【答案】who/that 【解析】句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。 29. [2017年全国I卷] Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 10 is not good for the health. 【答案】which 【解析】句意：很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处。分析可知，___is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整句话，在定语从句中作主语。所以用关系代词which。故填which。 30. [2017年全国III卷] But Sarah, 4 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. 【答案】who 【解析】句意：但是和顶级模特一起参加时装秀的莎拉想要证明自己不仅漂亮，而且有头脑。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Sarah，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导。故填who。 31. [2017年浙江卷] Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 9 it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. 【答案】where 【解析】句意：Pahlsson和她的丈夫现在认为戒指可能和一堆厨房垃圾被扫到花园中，在那里直到胡萝卜意外地发芽使戒指通过绿叶又被找到。前后两句很完整，由句意可知，后半句是对花园进行了进一步的解释说明。故后半句是定语从句，先行词是garden，在定语从句作地点状语，关系词用where，故填where。 32. [2016年全国I卷] But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 5 I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 【答案】when 【解析】分析句子结构可知，空格处所在的句子是定语从句，定语从句修饰前面的the mid1980s，且从句缺少时间状语，故用when引导该定语从句。故填when。 33. [2016年四川卷] Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 7 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C．, influenced the development of chopsticks. 【答案】who 【解析】句意：有些人认为，大约生活在公元前551年至479年的中国伟大学者孔子影响了筷子的发展。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Confucius，指代人，用关系代词who引导从句，在从 句中作主语。故填who。 34. [2015年全国I卷] I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 4 are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. 【答案】that/which 【解析】本句包含定语从句，先行词为Li River，在从句中作主语。故填that/which。 35. [2015年广东卷] Thinking about his children's clothes，he started growing cotton too.When harvest came around，he was already selling herbs，vegetables and cotton in the market 9 people from the towns met regularly. 【答案】where 【解析】本题定语从句的先行词是the market，关系代词where引导定语从句，并在句中充当地点状语。故填where。 36. [2014年全国I卷] Maybe you have a habit 7 is driving your family crazy. 【答案】that/which 【解析】本句是一个定语从句，先行词是a habit，定语从句中使用关系代词that/which指代先行词，在句做主语，不能省略。故填which / that。 37. [2014年广东卷] The next day, my brother and I went to the beach 9 we watched some people play volleyball. 【答案】where 【解析】Beach是一个描述地点的单词，后面作为一个修饰beach的成分故要用where作为连接词。故填where。 Part 3 最新模拟题 1. [浙江省北斗星盟高三适应性考试]Sandhaus traces the invention of baijiu back a thousand years, ____57____ either traders from the Middle East or invaders from Mongolia introduced the concept of distillation(蒸馏)to the mainland. 【答案】when 【解析】句意：桑德豪斯将白酒的发明追溯到一千年前，当时来自中东的商人或来自蒙古的入侵者将蒸馏的概念引入了中国大陆。先行词为a thousand years，在定语从句中做时间状语，关系副词为when。故填when。 2. [2024年江苏省无锡市四校学情调研试卷]After a family conflict, Le Ying (played by Jia Ling) decides to leave home____40____ she lives with her parents and her divorced younger sister. 【答案】where 【解析】句意：在一次家庭冲突后，乐莹（贾玲饰）决定离开与父母和离婚的妹妹住在一起的家。分析句子结构，空处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是home，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 3. [华大新高考联盟2024届高三11月教学质量测评]It is next to Greyfriars Chapel, the only remains of the Franciscan Friary ____50____ most parts were destroyed by Henry Ⅷ during the dissolution. 【答案】whose 【解析】句意：它紧邻灰修士教堂，这是方济会修道院的唯一遗迹，其大部分被亨利Ⅷ在解散期间摧毁。分析句子结构可知，“most parts were destroyed by Henry Ⅷ during the dissolution”是定语从句，从句缺定语，先行词是“the Franciscan Friary”，指代“方济会修道院的大部分”，故用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 4. [2024年云学名校联盟高一年级３月联考]This was the time ____65____ China was divided into seven states that waged war against each other for supremacy (霸权). 【答案】 when 【解析】句意：当时，中国被划分为七个国家，为了霸权而相互开战。定语从句修饰先行词time，在从句作时间状语，用关系副词when。故填when。 5. [2024届“皖南八校”高三第二次大联考]In the times ____56____ the Grand Canal, a UNESCO World Heritage site, directly connected Beijing in the north and Hangzhou in the south, Anhui traders fanned out across China. 【答案】 when 【解析】句意：在被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产的大运河北连北京、南连杭州的时代，安徽商人遍布中国各地。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“the times”，在定语从句中担当时间状语，用when引导。故填when。 6. [名校学术联盟•高考模拟信息卷&押题卷]Pu’er tea gets its name from Pu’er, a town ____37____ most of the tea is processed and sold. 【答案】where 【解析】句意：它最初产于西双版纳的“六座名山”，并因普洱而得名，普洱是一个大部分茶叶加工和销售的小镇。定语从句修饰先行词town，在从句作地点状语，应用where。故填where。 7. [华大新高考联盟2024届高三4月教学质量测评]Between 121 BC and 111 BC, Emperor Wu set up four counties to the west of the Yellow River, Jiuquan, Wuwei, Zhangye and Dunhuang to expand the influence of the Han central government and develop ties with countries in XiYu (西域), ____42____ were west of the Yumen Pass in today’s Central Asia. 【答案】which 【解析】句意：公元前121年至公元前111年，汉武帝在黄河以西设立酒泉、武威、张掖和敦煌四郡，以扩大汉中央政府的影响力，并发展与位于玉门关以西的西域国家的联系。“ 2 were west of the Yumen Pass in today’s Central Asia”是非限制性定语从句，修饰 XiYu，且从句中缺少主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。 8. [2024 届高三广东六校第三次联考]Han has a history dating back thousands of years and the traditional clothing of the Han people is called Hanfu, 2 charm has also flourished for centuries. 【答案】whose 【解析】句意：汉的历史可以追溯到几千年前，汉族的传统服装被称为汉服，其魅力也蓬勃发展了几个世纪。在非限制性定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，且先行词Hanfu和charm构成所属关系，即汉服的魅力，所以应用关系代词whose表示“……的”。故填whose。 9. [2024·广东·模拟预测] A total of 478 gold medals have been produced in various events, 23 saw 15 world records broken, 28 Asian records renewed, and 150 Asian Games records bettered, according to Xu Deqing, chief spokesperson of the Hangzhou Asian Games. 【答案】which 【解析】句意：据杭州亚运会首席发言人Xu Deqing介绍，本届亚运会共产生478枚金牌，打破15项世界纪录，刷新28项亚洲纪录，刷新150项亚运会纪录。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“A total of 478 gold medals”，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导，故填which。 10. [2024·浙江嘉兴·模拟预测]As someone belonging to the Han ethnic group, she has always been eager to wear clothing 57 is representative of her community. 【答案】that/which 【解析】句意：作为一个汉族人，她一直渴望穿上能代表她所在社区的衣服。该空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是clothing，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。 11. [22-23高二下·重庆·期末]Up to now, Beijing Tianqiao Performing Arts Center, 79 aim is to emphasize the inheritance, promotion, development and popularization of traditional Chinese culture and arts, has also held many exhibitions related to traditional drama, and established the Peking Opera inheritance class to popularize the traditional art to children. 【答案】whose 【解析】句意：截至目前，北京天桥演艺中心以重视中国传统文化艺术的传承、推广、发展和普及为宗旨，还举办了许多与传统戏剧相关的展览，并设立了京剧传承班，向孩子们普及传统艺术。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Beijing Tianqiao Performing Arts Center，关系词替代先行词与aim构成所属关系，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 12. [2024·湖南衡阳·一模]The earliest batch of tea is often ready to be picked before Qingming, which is observed in early April 103 the temperature begins to rise and rainfall increases. 【答案】when 【解析】句意：最早的一批茶叶通常在清明之前准备好采摘，清明是在四月初，气温开始上升，降雨量增加。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是April，在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。 13. [2024·江苏南京·一模]One important aspect of the initiative is the improvement of rural infrastructure 113   includes the construction of better roads, bridges, and watering systems to improve the efficiency of transportation and agricultural activities. 【答案】that/which 【解析】句意：该倡议的一个重要方面是改善农村基础设施，包括建设更好的道路、桥梁和供水系统，以提高运输和农业活动的效率。此处是限定性定语从句，修饰先行词improvement，指物，关系词在从句作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。 14. [2023·四川达州·一模]Are you familiar with pop star Jay Chou’s Blue &White Porcelain? Its original lines, just 131 the composer Fang Wenshan described, were inspired by Ru porcelain (汝瓷). 【答案】as 【解析】句意：你熟悉流行歌手周杰伦的《青花瓷》吗？正如作曲家方文山所描述的那样，它的最初歌词的灵感来自汝瓷。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是lines，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，表示“正如”，应用关系代词as引导。故填as。 15. [2024·湖南长沙·一模]The program was carried out during last year’s International Copyright Forum, 143 was held in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi province. 【答案】which 【解析】句意：该项目是去年在江西景德镇举行的国际版权论坛期间开展的。根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，又先行词为International Copyright Forum,指物。故填which。 16. [23-24高三上·江苏常州·期末]Gu Kaizhi proposed the principles of painting 157 influence has lasted a thousand years, such as “realizing perfection through empathy”, “exposing spirit with form”, as well as his “six methods”. 【答案】whose 【解析】句意：顾恺之是中国绘画发展中第一个影响深远的画家，他不仅开创了人物画的基本模式，留下了他最著名的作品《洛神赋图》，而且还提出了“以情致美”、“以形显灵”等影响千年的绘画原则，以及他的“六法”。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是principles of painting，在从句中作定语，用whose引导。故填whose。 17. [2024·四川绵阳·一模]As an epic (史诗) 181 brings back to life some of the most famous poets from the Tang Dynasty (618-907), the highly expected animated movie Chang’an held its premiere (首映) in what was once its namesake city, now known as Xi’an, the provincial capital of Shaanxi province on July 2. 【答案】that/which 【解析】句意：7月2日，备受期待的动画电影《长安三万里》在一个曾经与其同名的城市，现在被称为陕西西安的地方举行了首映式，这部史诗让一些唐代（618-907）最著名的诗人复活了。分析句子可知，横线处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为an epic，指物，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that/which引导该从句。故填that/which。 18. [19-20高二上·全国·课时练习]In most addictions, people feel forced to do certain activities so often that they become harmful habits, 224 then affect other important activities such as work and study. 【答案】which 【解析】句意：在大多数成瘾症中，人们经常感到被迫从事某些活动，从而形成了有害的习惯，进而影响其他重要活动，如工作和学习。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词harmful habits，先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 19. [23-24高三上·安徽合肥·阶段练习]Of the 227 people 239 work has been recognized with the prize, Karikó is the thirteenth woman among them. 【答案】whose 【解析】句意：在227位获奖者中，Karikó是第13位女性。分析句子结构可知，该空在此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是people，从句中缺少定语，且work与people构成所属关系，故此处用whose来引导。故填whose。 20. [2024·辽宁沈阳·一模]As a major entertainment during Lunar New Year’s Eve, the gala marks the joyous moment 270 families gather together to celebrate. 【答案】when 【解析】句意：作为除夕夜的主要娱乐活动，联欢晚会标志着家人聚在一起庆祝的欢乐时刻。根据句意及句子成分可知，该句为限定性定语从句，先行词是“the joyous moment”，关系词替代先行词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。 21. [2024·山东日照·一模]The 16 dancers come from the Chaoshan region of South China’s Guangdong province, the place 274 the dance originated, and traveled to England to spread wishes of good fortune in the Year of the Dragon to people in the United Kingdom. 【答案】where 【解析】句意：这16名舞者来自中国南部广东省潮汕地区，这是该舞的发源地，他们来到英国，向英国人传递龙年好运的祝愿。分析句子结构可知，“___4____the dance originated”是定语从句，从句缺状语，先行词是“the place”，故用关系副词where引导。故填where。 22. [2024·山东潍坊·模拟预测]The character “three” is shaped like a book, 282 represents the long historical tradition of Rong Bao Zhai. 【答案】which 【解析】句意：“三”字形似一本书，代表了荣宝斋悠久的历史传统。分析句子可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为three，指物，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 23. [22-23高一上·全国·单元测试]Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back in a place 298 they were safe from the water. In all, thousands of engineers and workers rescued 22 temples and countless cultural relics. 【答案】where 【解析】句意：寺庙和其他文化遗址被一块一块地拆除，然后转移到一个远离水的地方。句中先行词为place，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 Part 4 短文语法填空 · 真题 + 模拟题 【2017·全国II卷】 In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 1 (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 2 work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, 3 (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 4 top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced. Steam engines 5 (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 6 (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 7 every day. Later, engineers 8 (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the 9 (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most 10 (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public. 【文体】说明文：主要介绍了地铁的最初发展史。 【答案】 1． crowds 2．from 3．laying 4．the 5．were used 6．fairly 7．it 8．managed 9．introduction 10．successful 1．考查名词单复数。crowd前没有冠词，且它是可数名词，故填crowds。 2． 考查介词。to and from来回，故填from。 3．考查非谓语动词-动名词作宾语。这里是由and连接的三个动词-ing形式作宾语，故填laying。 4．考查冠词。top是名词，前要用冠词，特指“在（道路的）顶上”。故填the。 5．考查谓语动词-时态语态-一般过去时的被动。根据句意：蒸汽发动机“被用于”拉货物，主语Steam engines与谓语动词use是被动关系，主语是复数，根据语境用一般过去时，故填were used. 6．考查词性转换adj.-adv.。这里fair是形容词，pleasant也是形容词，所以需要将fair变为副词来修饰形容词，故填fairly。 7．考查代词。这里用it指代前句的railway，故填it。 8．考查谓语动词-时态-一般过去时。本文全篇都是一般过去时，所以这里也应用一般过去时，故填managed。 9．考查词性转换v.-n.。空格前是the,后面应该是名词，故填名词introduction。 10．考查词性转换n.-adj.。空格前是most，其后要跟形容词构成最高级，故填successful。 【2017·全国III卷】 She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course .But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 1 (rest). Instead, she is earning $6,500 a day as 2 model in New York. Sarah 3 (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah, 4 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 5 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her 6 (educate). She has turned down several 7 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree 8 engineering or architecture. Sarah says, "My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 9 (come) first. I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 10 (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't model my more." 【分析】记叙文：文章讲述了Sarah为了专心学习，拒绝在节目中担任主演 的邀请。 【答案】 1． resting 2．a 3．has been told/was told 4．who 5．to prove 6．education 7．invitations 8．in 9．comes 10．certainly 1．考查非谓语动词-动名词作宾语。句意：但与她的学校朋友不同的是，16岁的莎拉并没有在期中休息。sb. spend time (in) doing sth.为固定句型，意为“某人花费时间做某事”，空处需填动名词作宾语。故填resting。 2．考查冠词。句意：相反，她在纽约做模特，每天能挣6500美元。model为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且model发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a限定。故填a。 3．考查谓语动词-时态语态-一般过去时/现在完成时的被动。句意：莎拉被告知她将成为英国新的超级名模，并在明年赚到100万美元。空处需填动词作谓语，Sarah和tell为被动关系，需用被动语态，结合语境可知，此处可用一般过去时或者现在完成时，主语为Sarah，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填has been told/was told。 4．考查定语从句who。句意：但是和顶级模特一起参加时装秀的莎拉想要证明自己不仅漂亮，而且有头脑。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Sarah，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导。故填who。 5．考查非谓语动词-不定式作宾语。句意同上。want to do sth.为固定用法，意为“想要做某事”，空处需填动词不定式作宾语。故填to prove。 6．考查词性转换v.-n.。句意：她决心继续接受教育。her为形容词性物主代词，后面需加名词，education意为“教育”，是不可数名词。故填education。 7．考查名词单复数。句意：为了专心学习，她已经拒绝了几次参加演出的邀请。invitation为可数名词，several后面需加名词复数形式。故填invitations。 8．考查介词。句意：毕业后，她计划休息一年做全职模特，然后再去大学攻读工程或建筑学学位。表示“在……方面”需用介词in。故填in。 9．考查考查谓语动词-时态主谓一致-一般现在时的单三形式。句意：但现在，学校是第一位的。根据“at the moment”可知，此处使用一般现在时，主语为school，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填comes。 10．考查词性转换adj.-adv.。句意：这当然是有趣的，但生活方式有点不真实。修饰形容词fun需用副词certainly作状语。故填certainly。 【2017浙江卷】 Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 1 (carrot) and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer, and she noticed a 2 (shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring. Pahlsson screamed 3 loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “She thought I had hurt 4 (I),” says Pahlsson. Sixteen years 5 (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 6 (cook) a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters — then ten, eight, and six — had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn’t. Pahlsson and her husband 7 (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. “I gave up hope of finding my ring again,” she says. She never replaced it. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 8 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 9 it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was 10 wonder. 【分析】记叙文：戒指失而复得的奇迹。 【答案】 1． carrots 2．shiny/shining 3．so 4．myself 5．earlier 6．to cook 7．searched 8．swept 9．where 10．a 1．考查名词单复数。句意：Lena Pahlsson掏出一把小胡萝卜正要扔掉。a handful of意为“一把，几个”，后加可数名词复数形式。故填carrots。 2．考查词性转换v.-adj.。句意：她注意到一个闪亮的物体。这里用形容词修饰名词，shine的形容词形式可以是shiny/shining，故填shiny/shining。 3．考查连词。句意：Pahlsson大声的喊叫以至于她女儿从房子里跑出来。so…that…意为“如此……以至于……”。故填so。 4．考查反身代词。句意：她认为我伤害了我自己。女儿听到母亲的叫声跑出门后，是以为母亲伤害了她自己。故填myself。 5．考查形容词比较级。由语境也可知，作者想要强调这个戒指是十六年前丢的，想要强调时间。“数词+years earlier”表示多年前，故填earlier。 6．考查非谓语动词-不定式作目的状语。句意：Pahlsson把钻石戒指摘掉去做饭。这里用不定式表目的，故填to cook。 7．考查谓语动词-时态-一般过去时。句意：Pahlsson和她的丈夫在厨房寻找。由语境可知，这段是她回忆戒指丢失的场景，故谓语动词需要用过去时。故填searched。 8．考查谓语动词-被动语态。句意：Pahlsson和她的丈夫现在认为戒指可能和一堆厨房垃圾被扫到花园中。由语境可知，戒指是被扫到花园中，got在此是系动词。故填swept。 9．考查定语从句where。句意：Pahlsson和她的丈夫现在认为戒指可能和一堆厨房垃圾被扫到花园中，在那里直到胡萝卜意外地发芽使戒指通过绿叶又被找到。前后两句很完整，由句意可知，后半句是对花园进行了进一步的解释说明。故后半句是定语从句，先行词是garden，在定语从句作地点状语，关系词用where，故填where。 10．考查冠词。句意：它的回来（指戒指失而复得）是一件很奇妙的事。wonder在这句话中的词性是名词，表示数量“一”，可数名词单数前需要加冠词。故填a。 【重 庆 缙 云 教 育 联 盟2024年高考第一次诊断性检测】 Imagine for a moment that your unborn child has a rare genetic disorder. Not ____36____ at least vaguely familiar, such as sickle-cell anaemia or cystic fibrosis, but rather a condition ____37____ (bury) deep within the medical dictionary. Adrenoleukodys trophy, maybe. Or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Would you, when your child is born, want to know about it? If effective treatments were available, you probably would. But if not? If the outcome were fatal, would your interest in knowing about it depend on whether your newborn had five years of life____38____ (look) forward to, or ten? Or 30? Today these questions are mostly hypothetical. Precisely because they are rare, such disorders are seldom noticed at birth. They manifest (显现) themselves only gradually, and often with unpredictable severity. But that may soon change. Twenty years after the first human genome ____39____ (map), the price of whole-genome sequencing has fallen to a point ____40____ it could, in rich countries at least, be offered routinely to newborns. Parents will then have to decide exactly how much they want to know. Early diagnosis brings with it the possibility of early treatment. Moreover, sequencing the genomes of newborns could offer a lifetime of returns. A patient’s genome may reveal ____41____ drugs will work best in his or her particular case for conditions such as ADHD, depression and cancer. Combined with information about someone’s way of life, it could highlight easily neglected health risks such as cancers and cardiovascular disease, leading to better preventive measures. A database of genomes, ____42____ (match) to living people, would be a benefit to medical research. The fruits of that research, in turn, would make those genomes more useful to their owners as time goes on. Such a powerful new technology create new dangers. Widespread screening for thousands of potentially harmful genes may be counterproductive: some results may worry parents unnecessarily, because some genetic variations, ____43____ occasionally indicative of disease, are not strongly so. Parents may not want to unlock all the secrets that their newborn’s genome might reveal. Some may indeed prefer not to know about conditions that cannot be treated. Adult-onset illnesses pose a different dilemma — a reasonable position is that it ____44____ be up to the children themselves, once grown, to decide whether they want to look at their genomic information. A further concern is that data will not be kept secure, and may be leaked or otherwise misused _____45_____ some point in the future. 【答案】36. something 37. buried 38. to look 39. was mapped 40. where 41. which 42. matched 43. though 44. should 45. at 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了某些疾病难以预测，但在第一个人类基因组图谱绘制完成20年后，全基因组测序的价格已经下降到可以（至少在富裕国家）常规提供给新生儿的程度。与活人相匹配的基因组数据库将有利于医学研究。 【36题详解】 考查代词。句意：至少不是一些似曾相识的疾病，比如镰状细胞贫血症或囊性纤维化，而是一种深深植根于医学词典中的疾病。根据句意可知，表示一些，应用不定代词something。故填something。 【37题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：不是像镰状细胞贫血或囊性纤维化这样的稍微熟悉的疾病，而是深埋在医学词典中的一种疾病。分析句子结构可知bury与逻辑主语condition构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填buried。 【38题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：如果结果是致命的，你是否有兴趣知道它取决于你的新生儿的寿命是5年还是10年？或30年？此处为have+宾语+宾补结构，且表示将来的动作应用不定式。故填to look。 【39题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：在第一个人类基因组图谱绘制完成20年后，全基因组测序的价格已经下降到可以(至少在富裕国家)常规提供给新生儿的程度。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文Twenty years after可知动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为the first human genome，谓语用单数。故填was mapped。 【40题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：在第一个人类基因组图谱绘制完成20年后，全基因组测序的价格已经下降到可以(至少在富裕国家)常规提供给新生儿的程度。定语从句修饰先行词point，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 【41题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：病人的基因组可能会揭示哪种药物对他或她的特殊情况最有效，比如多动症、抑郁症和癌症。结合有关某人生活方式的信息，它可以突出容易被忽视的健康风险，如癌症和心血管疾病，从而导致更好的预防措施。引导宾语从句，从句中表示“哪一种药物”应用which。故填which。 【42题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：与活人相匹配的基因组数据库将有利于医学研究。分析句子结构可知match与逻辑主语A database of genomes构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填matched。 【43题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：对数千种潜在有害基因的广泛筛查可能会适得其反：一些结果可能会让父母不必要地担心，因为一些基因变异虽然偶尔预示着疾病，但并不强烈。引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”应用though。故填though。 【44题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：成人发病的疾病带来了不同的困境——一个合理的立场是，应该由孩子们自己决定，一旦长大，他们是否想要查看自己的基因组信息。后文be为动词原形，结合句意“应该”可知应用情态动词should。故填should。 【45题详解】 考查介词。句意：更令人担忧的是，数据将不会保持安全，并且可能在将来的某个时候泄露或以其他方式被滥用。结合句意表示“在某个时候”应用at some point。故填at。 【北京市东城区2023-2024学年度第二学期高三综合练习(一)】 A 语法填空 When I lived in Boston, I taught English as a second language to adult students from around the world. On the last day, they threw a nice party. I was amazed they had learned enough English ____11____ (organize) such an event altogether. At the end of the party, they proudly handed me a gift box. After the box ____12____ (open), I gently lifted a beautiful coat from it. “We went shopping for a new coat!” they all shouted ____13____ wonderfully perfect English. 【答案】11. to organize 12. was opened 13. in 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。一位教师在波士顿教授来自世界各地成人学生学习英语，学生取得了很大的语言进步。 【11题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：我很惊讶他们学到了足够的英语足以组织这样一个活动。由enough可知，此处使用动词不定式作结果状语，表示“……多到足以做某事”，故填to organize。 【12题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：盒子打开后，我轻轻地从里面拿出一件漂亮的外套。根据“I gently lifted a beautiful coat from it.”以及box承受open的动作可知，从句的谓语动词使用一般过去时的被动语态，box为单数，故填was opened。 【13题详解】 考查介词。句意：我们去买一件新外套！他们都用非常完美的英语喊道。使用某种语言用介词in，故填in。 B 语法填空 In early November in 2023, a diver, swimming off the coast of Sardinia, ____14____ (notice) pieces of metal on the ocean floor. He called the authorities and more divers were sent to look. The pieces turned out to be ancient Roman coins. The coins mostly lay ____15____ (bury) in sand and seagrass not far from the coast. It is said that more than 30, 000 coins have been found, ____16____ are close to 2, 000 years old. Experts call this a major historical discovery. 【答案】14. noticed 15. buried 16. which 【解析】 【导语】这是一则新闻报道。文章主要讲述了一名潜水员在撒丁岛海岸附近游泳时发现了数量巨大的古代硬币。 【14题详解】 考查时态。句意：2023年11月初，一名潜水员在撒丁岛海岸附近游泳时，注意到海底有金属碎片。根据句中的“in early November in 2023”可知，谓语动词使用一般过去时，故填noticed。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这些硬币大多埋在离海岸不远的沙子和海草里。句中lie是系动词，需后接形容词作表语，需要的词义为“被掩埋的”，故填buried。 【16题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：据说已经发现了3万多枚硬币，都有近2000年的历史。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词coins指物并在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导定语从句，故填which。 C 语法填空 ChatGPT is a chatbot. Some schools ____17____ (ban) it since its birth. They need time to make rules about ____18____ it’s to be used properly in class. Some teachers see it as a ____19____ (cheat) tool. But many principals believe it’s too late to keep AI out of classrooms. A growing number of ____20____ (educate) say the panic about AI is a lot like the panic caused by the Internet when it was new. One of them says, “ChatGPT is to English and to writing what the calculator is to math.” 【答案】17. have banned 18. how 19. cheating 20. educators 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一些学校禁止使用ChatGPT，但许多教育工作者认为人工智能在教育中是很重要的。 【17题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一些学校自其诞生以来就禁止它。根据句中的“since its birth”可知，谓语动词ban使用现在完成时，主语“some schools”为复数意义，谓语复数形式，故填have banned。 【18题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：他们需要时间来制定规则，规定如何在课堂上正确使用。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少状语，表示“如何”，因此使用连接副词how引导宾语从句，故填how。 【19题详解】 考查动名词。句意：一些老师认为这是一种作弊工具。动名词形式作定语修饰名词tool，用来表示该名词的用途、目的或场合，cheating修饰tool，意为“用来作弊的工具”，故填cheating。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：越来越多的教育工作者表示，对人工智能的恐慌很像互联网刚出现时引起的恐慌。此处应填名词作宾语，需要的词义为“教育工作者”，即educator，它是可数名词，前有“a growing number of ”修饰，则educator需要变复数形式，故填educators。 【黄 冈 八 模 】 Ancient Chinese civilisation has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history. One of the main factors ____36____ (be) the Chinese writing system. ____37____ (date) back several thousand years to the use of longgu，written Chinese was a picture­based language. At that time, people carved some ____38____ (symbol) on animal bones and shells. By the Shang Dynasty，it had been already a ____39____ (high) developed system. Later, there was a time ____40____ the Chinese people were divided geographically，leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.Chinese writing system was fixed from Qin Dynasty, when Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country. The writing system is not only of great ____41____ (important) in uniting the Chinese people and culture, but also an important means ____42____ which China’s present is connected with its past. Today, we can read the classic works which ____43____ (write) by Chinese in ancient times. Now, Chinese calligraphy, as ____44____ art form, has become an important part of Chinese culture. With China playing a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to learn Chinese _____45_____ (appreciate) China’s culture and history. 【答案】36. is 37. Dating 38. symbols 39. highly 40. when 41. importance 42. by 43. were written 44. an 45. to appreciate 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国的古代文明一直延续到现代，尽管它在历史上经历了许多起伏。其中一个主要因素是中国的书写系统。本文介绍了中国书写体系的发展史。 【36题详解】 考查动词。句意：其中一个主要因素是中国的书写系统。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，结合主语One of the main factors可知，表示“……的其中之一”应为单数意义，结合该句句意，该句为客观事实，所以此处动词为一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。故填is。 【37题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：追溯到几千年前的龙骨时期，中国的文字系统就是一种以图画为基础的语言。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，因动词date back to和逻辑主语the Chinese writing system为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填Dating。 【38题详解】 考查名词。句意：在那时，人们在动物的骨头和贝壳上雕刻一些符号。some修饰名词复数，此处用名词作宾语，故填symbols。 【39题详解】 考查副词。句意：到了商代，它已经是一种高度发达的制度。修饰developed用副词作状语，故填highly。 【40题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：后来，有一段时间，中国人在地理上被划分，导致了许多不同的方言和文字。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰time，从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导定语从句，故填when。 【41题详解】 考查名词。句意：文字系统不仅在团结中国人民和文化方面具有重要意义，而且是中国现在和过去联系在一起的重要方式。由空前great形容词可知，此处为名词形式importance，构成短语be of importance in“在……方面有重要意义”，满足句意要求。故填importance。 【42题详解】 考查介词。句意：文字系统不仅在团结中国人民和文化方面具有重要意义，而且是中国现在和过去联系在一起的重要方式。分析句子可知，“_7___ which China’s present is connected with its past”是定语从句，修饰means，还原定语从句为：China’s present is connected with its past by means，先行词作介词by的宾语，which指代means，故填by。 【43题详解】 考查动词时态语态。句意：今天，我们可以读到古代中国人写的经典著作。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词which引导的定语从句中，关系代词在从句中作主语，从句谓语动词与先行词the classic works保持人称和数的一致，先行词为复数名词，和动词write为被动关系，结合时间状语in ancient times可知，此处动词应为一般过去时的被动语态结构。故填were written。 【44题详解】 考查冠词。句意：现在，中国书法作为一种艺术形式，已经成为中国文化的重要组成部分。根据句意以及空后art form为单数名词可知，此处为表示“一种艺术形式”为泛指概念，结合art的发音为元音音素开头，所以为不定冠词an的填入。故填an。 【45题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：随着中国在全球事务中发挥越来越大的作用，越来越多的国际学生开始学习汉语，为了欣赏中国的文化和历史。根据句意可知，此处为动词不定式to do表示“为了……”作目的状语，满足句意要求。故填to appreciate。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$