选择性必修第二册 Unit 5 A delicate world（环保）-【高考快车道】2027年高考英语大一轮总复习高考真题单元话题分类汇编（外研版）

**基本信息** 聚焦环保主题，精选2020-2024年新课标及新高考真题，涵盖阅读理解、完形填空、语法填空，通过真实语篇考查语言能力与环保意识融合。 **题型特征** |题型|题量|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|----|----------|----------| |阅读理解|2篇（6题）|细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意|选用栖息地恢复、微型农场等真实环保场景，如2024新课标Ⅱ卷C篇考查BMF技术优势| |完形填空|1篇（15题）|词汇辨析、上下文逻辑|以个人植树故事（2020新高考Ⅰ卷）体现环保行动，强化语篇理解| |语法填空|1篇（10题）|词形转换、非谓语、时态等|结合温室设计科技素材（2024新课标Ⅰ卷），考查语法在真实语境中的应用|

Unit 5 A delicate world（环保） 阅读理解 [2024·新课标Ⅰ卷] A HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM Help restore and protect Marin􀆳s natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We􀆳ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive(侵入的)plant removal,winter planting,and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. GROUPS Groups of 5 or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance.Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form. AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15. Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed. We􀆳ll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary. Bring a personal water bottle,sunscreen, and lunch. No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills(满足)community service requirements. 　　UPCOMING EVENTS Time Meeting Location Sunday, Jan.15 10:00 am—1:00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead Sunday, Jan.22 10:00 am—2:30 pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot Sunday, Jan.29 9:30 am—2:30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead (　)21.What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team? A.To discover mineral resources. B.To develop new wildlife parks. C.To protect the local ecosystem. D.To conduct biological research. (　)22.What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team? A.5.　　B.10.　　C.15.　　D.18. (　)23.What are the volunteers expected to do? A.Bring their own tools. B.Work even in bad weather. C.Wear a team uniform. D.Do at least three projects. 【文章大意】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个栖息地恢复工作队的工作内容以及招募志愿者的相关信息和要求。 21.C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.”可知,栖息地恢复工作队的志愿者在恢复敏感资源和保护山脊和山谷中的濒危物种方面发挥着至关重要的作用。因此栖息地恢复工作队的目的是保护当地的生态系统。故选C项。 22.B　细节理解题。根据文章AGE, SKILLS,WHAT TO BRING部分中“Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome.”可知,加入栖息地恢复工作队的最低年龄限制是10岁。故选B项。 23.B　细节理解题。根据文章AGE, SKILLS,WHAT TO BRING部分中“We􀆳ll be working rain or shine.”可知,志愿者们需要风雨无阻。故选B项。 [2024·新课标Ⅱ卷] C We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer􀆳s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm(BMF)shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it􀆳s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod(容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it􀆳s eaten means zero emissions(排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there􀆳s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (　)28.What can be learned about BMF from Paragraph 1? A.It guarantees the variety of food. B.It requires day-to-day care. C.It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D.It relies on farmer􀆳s markets. (　)29.What information does the convenient app offer? A.Real-time weather changes. B.Current condition of the plants. C.Chemical pollutants in the soil. D.Availability of pre-seeded pods. (　)30.What can be concluded about BMF employees? A.They have a great passion for sports. B.They are devoted to community service. C.They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D.They have a strong environmental awareness. (　)31.What does the text mainly talk about? A.BMF􀆳s major strengths. B.BMF􀆳s general management. C.BMF􀆳s global influence. D.BMF􀆳s technical standards. 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴比伦微型农场(BMF)的一些主要优势,包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染以及员工的环保生活方式等。 28.C　细节理解题。根据第一段中“While farmer􀆳s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm(BMF) shortens it even more.”可知,巴比伦微型农场进一步缩短了农产品从农场到餐桌的距离。故选C。 29.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time.”可知,这个便捷的应用程序提供了植物生长的实时数据。故选B。 30.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. ‘We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,’ said a BMF employee.”可知,BMF的员工具有强烈的环保意识。故选D。 31.A　主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了巴比伦微型农场的一些主要优势,包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染以及员工的环保生活方式等。故选A。 完形填空 [2020·全国新高考I卷] Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 　21　. He learned the value and beauty of 　22　 there from a very young age.   When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 　23　 happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 　24　 it caused had driven away a number of birds. 　25　, the number of snakes had declined as well. He 　26　 that it was because there weren't enough trees to protect them from the 　27　. The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek 　28　 during the daytime. He turned to the 　29　 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and 　30　 a nearby island where he began to plant trees.   　31　 young plants in the dry season was 　32　 for a lone boy. Molai built at the 　33　 of each sapling(幼树) a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 　34　 rainwater. The water would then drip(滴落)on the plants below.   Molai 　35　 to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.   (　　)21.A. dream B. job C. home D. choice (　　)22.A. nature B. youth C. culture D. knowledge (　　)23.A. precious B. interesting C. disturbing D. awkward (　　)24.A. waste B. tension C. pain D. damage (　　)25.A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise (　　)26.A. agreed B. realized C. remembered D. predicted (　　)27.A. noise B. heat C. disease D. dust (　　)28.A. directions B. partners C. help D. shelter (　　)29.A. labour B. police C. forest D. finance (　　)30.A. rebuilt B. discovered C. left D. managed (　　)31.A. Decorating B. Observing C. Watering D. Guarding (　　)32.A. tough B. illegal C. fantastic D. beneficial (　　)33.A. back B. top C. foot D. side (　　)34.A. cool down B. keep off C. purify D. collect (　　)35.A. returned B. learned C. failed D. continued 【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个农村的男孩Molai几十年如一日在所住村庄周边的荒岛上植树造林,最后把荒岛变成了多种动植物的生态家园的故事。 21.C　根据上文“Molai grew up in a tiny village in India.”可知,印度的一个小村庄是他的第一故乡,结合下文可推知,这片湿地是他的第二个家园。 dream梦想; job工作; home 家园; choice选择。故选C。 22.A　根据文中“He learned the value and beauty of…there from a very young age.”可知,从很小的时候,他就了解了那里的美和价值。这里用nature呼应上文提及的wetlands。 nature自然; youth青春; culture文化; knowledge知识。故选A。 23.C　根据下文“A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the…it caused had driven away a number of birds…the number of snakes had declined as well.”可知,洪水袭击了这个地方,导致了令人不安的事情的发生。 precious珍贵的; interesting有趣的; disturbing令人不安的,烦扰的; awkward尴尬的。故选C。 24.D　根据上文“A flood had hit the area earlier that year…”可知,洪水袭击了这个地方,带来了损害。 waste弃物,废料; tension紧张; pain痛苦,疼痛; damage伤害,损害。故选D。 25.A　根据上文“…the…it caused had driven away a number of birds.”及下文“…the number of snakes had declined as well.”可知,这些都是洪水带来的灾难,前后句子属于并列关系。 besides而且,此外; however 然而;therefore因此;otherwise否则。故选A。 26.B　根据语境可知,Molai意识到导致鸟儿飞走及蛇的数量缩减的原因在于这里没有足够多的树木。 agree同意; realize意识到; remember记得; predict预测。故选B。 27.B　根据后文“The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek…during the daytime.”可知,这里没有足够多的树阻挡高温。 noise噪声; heat高温; disease疾病; dust尘土。故选B。 28.D　因为这里没有足够多的树来阻挡高温,所以解决的办法就是种树,让这些动物能找到栖身之处。 direction方向; partner伙伴; help帮助; shelter栖身之处。故选D。 29.C　因为是要种树,故他应该去林业部门求助。 labour劳动; police警察; forest 森林,林业; finance财政,金融。故选C。 30.B　根据文中“However, Molai went looking on his own and…”可知,Molai去寻找可以种树的地方,此处指寻找的结果,即在附近找到了一个可以种树的岛屿。 rebuild重建; discover发现; leave 离开; manage经营,管理。故选B。 31.C　根据下文in the dry season可知,这里指在干旱季节浇水的事情。decorate装饰,装修; observe观察,观测; water浇水; guard护卫。故选C。 32.A　根据常识并结合后文for a lone boy可知,对于一个孤零零的男孩来讲,在旱季给树浇水是一件困难的事情。 tough困难的; illegal 非法的; fantastic 极好的; beneficial有益的。故选A。 33.B　根据后文“The water would then drip (滴落) on the plants below.”可知,Molai在幼树的顶部建了一个竹子制成的平台。 back后面; top顶部; foot 脚下; side侧面。故选B。 34.D　根据上文可知,他在那里放了一些有小洞的陶罐,目的是收集雨水。 cool down使……冷静下来/冷却下来; keep off 远离; purify净化; collect收集。故选D。 35.D　根据后文for the next 37 years可知,Molai在接下来的37年里继续植树。 return归还; learn得知,获知; fail失败; continue继续。故选D。 语法填空 [2024·新课标Ⅰ卷] Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust􀆳s Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure,named Glasshouse,is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times. The latest 56.　　　　 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 57.　　　　(function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals(萼片)”made of glass and aluminium (铝).These sepals open on warm days 58.　　　　 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather,the structure stays 59.　　　　 (close) to protect the plants.  Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60.　　　　 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road,by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 61.　　　　 first time. These plants included modern Western 62.　　　　 (favourite) such as rosemary,lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too.  The Glasshouse stands 63.　　　　 a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 64.　　　　 brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 65.　　　　 (rich) of gardening in England.   【文章大意】 本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了赫斯维克工作室最近公布的一个新项目——一个位于国家信托基金会伍尔贝丁花园边缘的动态温室,并详细描述了该温室的设计、功能,以及它如何与丝绸之路的历史和丝绸之路花园相结合。 56.engineering　考查名词。空格处作定语修饰后面的名词,engineering在此处是名词作定语,与后面的名词techniques构成搭配“engineering techniques”(工程技术)。故填engineering。 57.functional　考查形容词。空处修饰名词structure,应用形容词functional (功能的) 作定语。故填functional。 58.to give　考查非谓语动词。动词不定式短语作目的状语。故填to give。 59.closed　考查形容词。stays(保持)是系动词,后接形容词作表语,应用形容词closed,表示“关闭的”。故填closed。 60.walks　考查动词时态和主谓一致。空处为本句谓语动词。句子的主语the Silk Route Garden 与walk 是主动关系,指的是花园通过其设计和布局,使游客能够体验或“走过”一段受古代丝绸之路影响的旅程,walk在这里为及物动词。此处为客观事实,时态应该为一般现在时。主语the Silk Route Garden为单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。 61.the　考查冠词。固定搭配for the first time意为“第一次”。故填the。 62.favourites　考查名词复数。favourite是可数名词,意为“特别受喜爱的东西”,根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知,空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favourites。 63.as　考查介词。根据句意可知,玻璃温室是当代设计的一项伟大成就,Glasshouse“作为”一项伟大成就而存在,应用介词as。故填as。 64.which/that　考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the Silk Route,先行词指物,关系词在定语从句中作主语,用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 65.richness　考查名词。根据空前的定冠词the可知,此处应用rich的名词形式,表示“丰富”。故填richness。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $