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26观千剑而后识器
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专题 5 指数与对数运算
1 值:
(1) 2
3
-2
+ 5- π 0- 3 116
0.5
;
(2)e2ln3- log 1
4
9 ⋅ log278+ lg4+ lg25.
2 计算
(1)8
2
3 - 2 14
- 12 + π0+ - 23
2
(2)log2 18 - lg2- lg5+ 2
log23
3 值:
(1) 7+ 4 3 0+ 32
3
5 - 2× 18
- 23 + 3 2 × 4
- 13
-1
;
(2)e2ln3- log49 ⋅ log278+ lg4+ lg25.
4 计算:
(1)lg2- lg 14 + 3lg5- log32× log49;
(2)lg 1100 - log23× log5 2 × log35+ ln e+ 2
1+log23.
5 下 式的值:
(1) 0.027
2
3 + 27125
- 13 - 2 79
0.5
;
(2)log535- 2log5 73 + log57- log51.8.
27 操千曲而后晓声
6 计算:
(1) lg8+ lg125- lg2- lg5
lg 10 × lg0.1
;
(2) log62 2+ log63 2+ 3log62× log6 3 18-
1
3 log62
7 计算或化简下 式:
(1) 2 2
2
3 - 6 14
1
2 + ln e+ 3 ⋅ 3 3 ⋅ 6 3
(2) (log23+ log89) (log34+ log98+ log32) + (lg2)2+ lg20× lg5
8 计算下 式的值:
(1)8
2
3 - - 78
0+ 4 3- π 4+ 2-2;
(2)log327+ lg 1100 + ln e+ 2
log23.
9 计算下 式的值:
(1)27
1
3 - 0.25+ 12
-2- 16
0
;(2)2log32- log332+ log38.
10 计算下 两个 题:
(1)eln3+ 2lg 2+ lg15+ lg 13 ;
(2)80.25× 4 2+ ( 2 × 3 3 )6+ π0.
11 下 式子的值:
(1) 2 14
1
2 + 9.6 0- -8
- 23 - 3 1.5 6.(2)lg25+ 2lg2- log316 ⋅ log43+ eln3.
计算专题训练 5 指数运算和对数运算
28观千剑而后识器
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12 计算与化简:
(1)log427× log58× log325
(2) a
1
2b
1
3 ⋅ -2-2a
2
3b
1
2 ÷ 8-
2
3a
7
6b
- 16 .
(3) 135
0+ 2-2× 94
1
2 - (0.01)0.5
(4)2lg5+ 23 lg8+ lg5 ⋅ lg20+ (lg2)
2.
13 (1) 2 14
1
2 - (-9.6)0- 3 38
2
3 + (1.5)2;
(2)log535- 2log5 73 + log57- log5
9
5 .
14 化简 值:
(1) 8
- 23 - 3 4 × 2
1
3 + 35
0
;
(2)log3 27+ lg25+ lg4+ 7
log72.
15 化简或 值:
(1) 2 79
0.5+ 0.1-2- π0+ 13 ;
(2)lg14- 2lg 73 + lg7- lg18;
(3) 3- 2 2+ 3- 1 2 .
16 计算:
(1) 169
1
2 - 3- 1 0- 0.25 -1+ 6 -3 6;
(2)lg4+ 2lg5+ log25× log58+ lg10.
17 计算下 式的值:
(1)64
2
3 + 13
-2- 2 e- π 0+ 4
1
3 × 5
1
2
6
;
(2)log327- lg2- lg5- log516 ⋅ log2 5+ eln2.
29 操千曲而后晓声
18 计算下 题:
(1) 8116
0.5+ -1 -1÷ 0.75-2+ 6427
- 23;
(2)log3 27+ lg25+ lg4+ 7
log72+ -9.8 0.
19 化简 值
(1) 278
1
3 + (0.002)
- 12 - 10( 5- 2)-1;
(2) 1- log63 2+ log62× log618 ÷ log64.
20 (1)计算:2 14
1
2 - (-2.5)0- 3 38
2
3 + 23
-2
;
(2)已知 ax= log327+ lg25+ 2lg2- 7
log72,
a3x+ a-3x
ax+ a-x
的值.
21 值:
(1)0.027
- 13 + 259
1
2 - 2- 1 0;
(2)log227× log38- 2log510- log0.24.
22 值:
(1) 5 32+ 8
2
3 + π- 4 0+ 49
- 12 ;
(2)log354- log32+ log23 ⋅ log34.
23 计算下 式子
(1)log3 27+ lg25+ lg4+ 7
log72+ -9.8 0
(2) lg8+ lg125
lg 10 × lg0.1
- log23× log34
计算专题训练 5 指数运算和对数运算
30观千剑而后识器
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24 计算:
(1)
3 1
64 - -
3 2
2
0
- -8
1
3 + 16
- 34;
(2)lg2+ lg5+ log2 34 - log26.
25 计算:
(1) 3 -4 3- 3 ⋅ 27
2
3 + 4
2 2
2+ 2
;
(2) 43 lg2+ log1002 + lg5
2- lg2 2.
26 值:
(1)0.027
- 13 + 17
0- 1 16;
(2)lg20- lg4+ lg 15 + e
ln2.
27 值:
(1) - 2764
- 23 +
4
- 29
4+ 3- 2 2022 3+ 2 2022;
(2)log49× log2764+ 3
log916+ lg2× lg5+ lg2 1+ 20220 + lg5.
28 计算
(1)2log23- lg100+ 2- 1 lg1
(2) 2 14
-0.5+ 4 3- π 4+ 8
2
3
29 计算下 式的值:
(1)4
1
2 + 3 27- 181
1
4;
(2)2log32- log312+ log25× log58.
31 操千曲而后晓声
30 下 式的值:
(1)0.064
- 13 - - 45
0- 2-4 ⋅ 3 4
(2)lg25+ 23 lg8- log227× log32+ 2
log23.
31 解下 问题:
(1) ( 2- 1)0+ 6427
- 23 + ( 8 )
- 43;
(2)lg 1100 - ln e+ 2
log23- log427 ⋅ log98.
32 计算下 式的值:
(1)log3 3+ lg5+ lg2+ 2
log22.
(2)cos20°sin50° -cos50°cos70°.
33 计算下 式,写出 算过
(1) 2 14
1
2 + -2 2- 827
2
3 + 32
-2
;
(2)lg4+ 2lg5+ 2log510- log520- ln e- log25 ⋅ log58.
34 化简 值:
(1)0.252× 0.5-4- 3 38
- 23 - ( 3- π)0+ 0.064
- 13 + 4 (-2)4;
(2)log 39+
1
2 lg25+ lg2- log49× log38+ 2
log23-1+ ln e.
35 值:
(1) 94
1
2 - -9.3 0- 23
-1+ log24
(2)lg2+ lg5+ lg1+ 5log52
计算专题训练 5 指数运算和对数运算
32观千剑而后识器
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36 化简 值:
(1) ( 2- 3)2+ 0.5
1
2 + (-4)
0
2
;
(2)2lg5- log322+ 1lg4
-1
+ 5log0.25.
37 计算下 式的值:
(1) 54
- 13 × - 23
0+ 9
1
3 × 3 3- 45
2
3 ;
(2)log3
4 27
3 + lg25- 3log33
1
4 + lg4
38 化简 值:
(1) 49
- 12 + lg2+ lg5- 2log31;
(2)sin 76 π+ cos
11
3 π+ tan
13
4 π.
39 化简或 值
(1) (0.064)
- 13 - - 78
0+ 8116
1
4 + |-0.1|
(2)lg14- 2lg 73 + lg7- lg18
(3) (3- π)2+ 3 (-2)3
40 计算 值
(1)log827× log96÷ log166+ e2ln3;
(2)log48- log 1
9
3- log 24
41 计算:
(1)0.01
- 12 - 32
1
5 - π+ 1 0+ 3 -2 3;
(2)log28+ lg2+ lg5- 3
log32.
33 操千曲而后晓声
42 计算:
(1) 2 14
1
2 - 827
- 13 + - 32
4
;
(2)lg2+ lg2 ⋅ lg5+ (lg5)2.
43 化简 值:
(1)
3
- 54
3+ 827
- 23 + 5- 2 -1+ 4 3- π 4;
(2)
1+ 12 lg9- lg240
1- 23 lg27+ lg
36
5
+ 9log32.
44 值:
(1)3
3
2 × 1
3
- (- 8 )
2
3 + ( 2- π)0;
(2) (lg5)2+ (lg2)2- log827log49
+ lg5× lg log216 .
45 计算:
(1)lg25+ 2lg2+ eln2
(2) 827
2
3 - 949
-0.5+ 0.125
- 13
46 (1) 值:( 3 )2+ 16
3
4 + ( 3- 1)0;
(2) 值:lg25+ lg4+ 5log52+ log3 27.
47 值:
(1) 18
- 13 + 5 3 × 3
4
5 - π- 3 0;
(2)log28+ log27× log7 log381 .
计算专题训练 5 指数运算和对数运算
34观千剑而后识器
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48 (1) 8116
1
4 + 3 16
3
2 + 12022
0- e
ln 32
(2) log34+ log 1
3
2 log4 3+ log163
49 计算:
(1) (-1)0+ 32
-2 ⋅ 278
2
3 +[(-3)2]
1
2;
(2)2lg5+ lg4- log23 ⋅ log34+ log3 27 .
50 计算下 式的值:
(1)e2ln2- lg 12 - lg20;
(2)lg25+ 23 lg8- log227× log32.
51 化简下 式:
(1)sin 7π2 + cos
5π
2 + cos(-5π) + tan
π
4 ;
(2)log20.25+ ln e+ 2
4⋅log23+ lg4+ 2 ⋅ lg5- 4 (-2)4 .
52 计算下 式的值:
(1)8
2
3 - -9.6 0- 278
- 23 + 32
-2
;
(2)log3 27+ lg25+ lg4+ 7
log72+ (-9.8)0.
53 计算 值:
(1) 1200
- 12 - 10 2- 1 + 10 3- 2 0+ -8
4
3;
(2)lg2× lg2500+ 8× lg 5 2+ 2log49+ log29 ⋅ log34.
35 操千曲而后晓声
54 计算下 式的值:
(1) 23
-3+ 2- 3 0- 2 14
3
2
(2)2log34- log3 3227 + log32+ 5
log53
55 下 式的值:
(1) 2 35
0+ 2-2× 2 14
- 12 - 4 2 × 80.25;
(2)lg 1100 + log 139- log5125- log8
1
32 .
56 化简 值:
(1)
ab-1 3
a3b-3
1
2
a> 0,b> 0 ;
(2)lg5+ lg22+ lg2lg5+ log25× log254+ 7
log75.
57 计算:
(1) 827
- 23 - 16
1
4 + π0- 3 125;
(2)2lg4+ lg 58 + log25 ⋅ log54+ e
3ln2.
58 计算:
(1)5log53- log311 ⋅ log1127+ log82+ log48;
(2)若 3m- 3-m= 2 3, 9m+ 9-m的值.
计算专题训练 5 指数运算和对数运算
专业 专注 专心
博观而约取 厚积而薄发
专题 5 指数与对数运算
1 值:
(1) 2
3
-2
+ 5- π 0- 3 116
0.5
;
(2)e2ln3- log 1
4
9 ⋅ log278+ lg4+ lg25.
【答案】(1)0(2)12
【解析】(1)原式= 34 + 1-
49
16
1
2 = 34 + 1-
7
4 = 0
(2)原式= eln9+ log23 ⋅ log32+ lg100= 9+ 1+ 2= 12.
2 计算
(1)8
2
3 - 2 14
- 12 + π0+ - 23
2
(2)log2 18 - lg2- lg5+ 2
log23
【答案】(1)5(2) - 1
【解析】(1)8
2
3 - 2 14
- 12 + π0+ - 23
2= 23
2
3 - 32
2
- 12 + 1+ 23
2= 4- 23 + 1+
2
3 = 5
(2)log2 18 - lg2- lg5+ 2
log23=-3- lg2+ lg5 + 3=-1
3 值:
(1) 7+ 4 3 0+ 32
3
5 - 2× 18
- 23 + 3 2 × 4
- 13
-1
;
(2)e2ln3- log49 ⋅ log278+ lg4+ lg25 .
【答案】(1)3(2)10
【解析】(1) 7+ 4 3 0+ 32
3
5 - 2× 18
- 23 + 3 2 × 4
- 13
-1
= 1+ 25
3
5 - 2× 2-3
- 23 + 2
1
3 × 4
1
3
= 1+ 23- 2× 22+ 2
1
3 × 2
2
3
= 1+ 8- 8+ 2
1
3+
2
3 = 1+ 2= 3;
(2)原式= eln9- log23 ⋅ log32+ lg100= 9- 1+ 2= 10;
综上,(1)原式= 3;(2)原式= 10.
4 计算:
(1)lg2- lg 14 + 3lg5- log32× log49;
(2)lg 1100 - log23× log5 2 × log35+ ln e+ 2
1+log23.
【答案】(1)2(2)4
【解析】(1)lg2- lg 14 + 3lg5- log32× log49
= lg2- lg2-2+ 3lg5- log32×
log29
log24
= lg2+ 2lg2+ 3lg5- log32× log23
= 3(lg2+ lg5) - 1
第 36页 共 131页
专业专心 专注
= 3lg10- 1
= 3- 1
= 2.
(2)lg 1100 - log23× log5 2 × log35+ ln e+ 2
1+log23
=-2- log23×
log2 2
log25
× log25log23
+ 12 + 2× 2
log23
=-2- 12 +
1
2 + 6
= 4.
5 下 式的值:
(1) 0.027
2
3 + 27125
- 13 - 2 79
0.5
;
(2)log535- 2log5 73 + log57- log51.8.
【答案】(1) 9100 (2)2
【解析】(1)原式= 310
3
2
3 + 35
3
- 13 - 53
2
0.5
= 9100 +
5
3 -
5
3
= 9100
(2)原式= log535- log5 499 + log57- log5
9
5
= log5 35÷ 499 × 7÷
9
5
= log525= 2
6 计算:
(1) lg8+ lg125- lg2- lg5
lg 10 × lg0.1
;
(2) log62 2+ log63 2+ 3log62× log6 3 18-
1
3 log62
【答案】(1) - 4(2)1
【解析】(1) lg8+ lg125- lg2- lg5
lg 10 × lg0.1
=
lg 8× 1252× 5
lg10
1
2 × lg10-1
= lg10
2
1
2 × -1
=-4;
(2) log62 2+ log63 2+ 3log62× log6 3 18-
1
3 log62
= log62 2+ log63 2+ 3log62× log6
3 18
3 2
= log62 2+ log63 2+ 3log62× log6 3 9
= log62 2+ log63 2+ 2log62× log63
= log62+ log63 2
= 1.
7 计算或化简下 式:
(1) 2 2
2
3 - 6 14
1
2 + ln e+ 3 ⋅ 3 3 ⋅ 6 3
(2) (log23+ log89) (log34+ log98+ log32) + (lg2)2+ lg20× lg5
【答案】(1)3(2) 172
计算专题训练 5 指数运算和对数运算
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【解析】(1)原式= 2× 2
1
2
2
3 - 254
1
2 + lne
1
2 + 3
1
2 × 3
1
3 × 3
1
6 = 2
3
2
2
3 - 52 +
1
2 + 3
1
2+
1
3+
1
6 = 3
(2)原式= log23+ 23 log23 2log32+
2
3 log32+ log32 + lg2
2+ lg20× lg5
= 53 log23×
9
2 log32+ lg2
2+ lg20× lg5= 152 + lg2
2+ lg2+ 1 × lg5
= 152 + lg2
2+ lg2lg5+ lg5= 152 + lg2 lg2+ lg5 + lg5=
15
2 + lg2+ lg5=
17
2
8 计算下 式的值:
(1)8
2
3 - - 78
0+ 4 3- π 4+ 2-2;
(2)log327+ lg 1100 + ln e+ 2
log23.
【答案】(1)π+ 14 (2)
9
2
【解析】(1)8
2
3 - - 78
0+ 4 3- π 4+ 2-2= 23
2
3 - 1+ 3- π + 1
22
= 4- 1+ π- 3+ 14 = π+
1
4 ;
(2)log327+ lg 1100 + ln e+ 2
log23= log333+ lg10-2+ lne
1
2 + 3= 3- 2+ 12 + 3=
9
2 .
9 计算下 式的值:
(1)27
1
3 - 0.25+ 12
-2- 16
0
;(2)2log32- log332+ log38.
【答案】(1)5.5(2)0
【解析】(1)原式= 3- 0.5+ 22- 1= 2- 0.5+ 4= 5.5;
(2)原式= log34- log332+ log38= log3 4× 832 = log31= 0.
10 计算下 两个 题:
(1)eln3+ 2lg 2+ lg15+ lg 13 ;
(2)80.25× 4 2+ ( 2 × 3 3 )6+ π0.
【答案】(1)4(2)75
【解析】(1)eln3+ 2lg 2+ lg15+ lg 13 = 3+ lg2+ lg15+ lg
1
3 = 3+ lg 2× 15×
1
3 = 4.
(2)80.25× 4 2+ ( 2 × 3 3 )6+ π0= 20.75× 20.25+ 2 6× 3 3 6+ 1= 2+ 8× 9+ 1= 75.
11 下 式子的值:
(1) 2 14
1
2 + 9.6 0- -8
- 23 - 3 1.5 6.(2)lg25+ 2lg2- log316 ⋅ log43+ eln3.
【答案】(1)0(2)3
【解析】(1)
2 14
1
2 + 9.6 0- -8
- 23 - 3 1.5 6
= 94
1
2 + 1- -2 3
- 23 - 1.5 2
= 32 + 1-
1
4 -
9
4
= 0
(2)
lg25+ 2lg2- log316 ⋅ log43+ eln3
= lg25+ lg4- 2log34 ⋅ log43+ 3
= lg100- 2+ 3
= 2- 2+ 3
= 3
12 计算与化简:
第 38页 共 131页
专业专心 专注
(1)log427× log58× log325
(2) a
1
2b
1
3 ⋅ -2-2a
2
3b
1
2 ÷ 8-
2
3a
7
6b
- 16 .
(3) 135
0+ 2-2× 94
1
2 - (0.01)0.5
(4)2lg5+ 23 lg8+ lg5 ⋅ lg20+ (lg2)
2.
【答案】(1)9(2) - b(3) 5140 (4)3
【解析】(1)原式= 3lg32lg2 ×
3lg2
lg5 ×
2lg5
lg3 = 9;
(2)原式= -2
-2
8
- 23
a
1
2+
2
3-
7
6 b
1
3+
1
2+
1
6 =-b
(3)原式= 1+ 14 ×
3
2 -
1
10 =
51
40
(4)原式= 2lg5+ 2lg2+ lg5 lg5+ 2lg2 + lg2 2
= 2 lg5+ lg2 + lg2+ lg5 2
= 2+ 12= 3
13 (1) 2 14
1
2 - (-9.6)0- 3 38
2
3 + (1.5)2;
(2)log535- 2log5 73 + log57- log5
9
5 .
【答案】(1) 12 ;(2)2
【解析】(1) 2 14
1
2 - (-9.6)0- 3 38
2
3 + (1.5)2= 94 - 1-
27
8
2
3 + 2.25= 32 - 1-
3
2
3
2
3 + 2.25= 32 -
1- 94 +
9
4 =
1
2 ;
(2)log535- 2log5 73 + log57- log5
9
5 = log5 35÷
49
9 × 7÷
9
5
= log5 35×
9
49 × 7×
5
9 = log525= 2.
14 化简 值:
(1) 8
- 23 - 3 4 × 2
1
3 + 35
0
;
(2)log3 27+ lg25+ lg4+ 7
log72.
【答案】(1) - 12 (2)
11
2
【解析】(1)原式= 8
- 13 - 2
2
3 × 2
1
3 + 1= 12 - 2+ 1=-
1
2 .
(2)原式= 12 log33
3+ lg100+ 2= 32 + 2+ 2=
11
2 .
15 化简或 值:
(1) 2 79
0.5+ 0.1-2- π0+ 13 ;
(2)lg14- 2lg 73 + lg7- lg18;
(3) 3- 2 2+ 3- 1 2 .
【答案】(1)101;(2)0;(3)1.
【解析】(1) 2 79
0.5+ 0.1-2- π0+ 13 =
25
9
1
2 + 100- 1+ 13 =
5
3 + 100- 1+
1
3 = 101;
(2)lg14- 2lg 73 + lg7- lg18= lg14- lg
7
3
2+ lg7- lg18
= lg 14× 949 × 7÷ 18 = lg1= 0;
计算专题训练 5 指数运算和对数运算
第 39页 共 131页
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博观而约取 厚积而薄发
(3) 3- 2 2+ 3- 1 2= 2- 3+ 3- 1= 1.
16 计算:
(1) 169
1
2 - 3- 1 0- 0.25 -1+ 6 -3 6 ;
(2)lg4+ 2lg5+ log25× log58+ lg10.
【答案】(1) - 23 (2)6
【解析】(1)原式= 43 - 1- 4+ 3=-
2
3
(2)原式= lg4+ lg52+ lg5lg2 ×
lg8
lg5 + 1
= 2+ log28+ 1= 3+ log223= 6
17 计算下 式的值:
(1)64
2
3 + 13
-2- 2 e- π 0+ 4
1
3 × 5
1
2
6
;
(2)log327- lg2- lg5- log516 ⋅ log2 5+ eln2.
【答案】(1)2023(2)2
【解析】(1)64
2
3 + 13
-2- 2 e- π 0+ 4
1
3 × 5
1
2
6
= 42+ 32- 2+ 4
1
3 × 5
1
2
6
= 23+ 42× 53= 2023.
(2)log327- lg2+ lg5 - log516 ⋅ log2 5+ eln2
= 3- 1- log516 ⋅ log2 5+ eln2
= 2- 4 log52 ⋅ 12 log25+ e
ln2= 2- 2+ 2= 2.
18 计算下 题:
(1) 8116
0.5+ -1 -1÷ 0.75-2+ 6427
- 23 ;
(2)log3 27+ lg25+ lg4+ 7
log72+ -9.8 0.
【答案】(1) 94 (2)
13
2
【解析】(1)原式= 8116
0.5- 1÷ 43
2+ 2764
2
3 = 94 -
9
16 +
9
16 =
9
4 .
(2)原式= log33
3
2 + lg 1004 + lg4+ 2+ 1=
3
2 + 2- lg4+ lg4+ 3=
13
2 .
19 化简 值
(1) 278
1
3 + (0.002)
- 12 - 10( 5- 2)-1;
(2) 1- log63 2+ log62× log618 ÷ log64.
【答案】(1) - 372 (2)1
【解析】(1)原式= 278
1
3 + 1500
- 12 - 10
5- 2
= 32
3× 13 + 500
1
2 - 10 5+ 2
= 32 + 10 5- 10 5- 20=-
37
2 .
(2)原式= 1- 2log63+ log63 2+ log6
6
3 ⋅ log6 6× 3
÷ log64
= 1- 2log63+ log63 2+ 1- log63 1+ log63 ÷ log64= 1- 2log63+ log63 2+ 1- log63 2 ÷ log64
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=
2 1- log63
2log62
= log66- log63log62
= log62log62
= 1.
20 (1)计算:2 14
1
2 - (-2.5)0- 3 38
2
3 + 23
-2
;
(2)已知 ax= log327+ lg25+ 2lg2- 7
log72,
a3x+ a-3x
ax+ a-x
的值.
【答案】(1) 12 ;(2)
73
9 .
【解析】(1)原式= 32
2
1
2 - 1- 32
3
2
3 + 32
2= 32 - 1-
3
2
2+ 94 =
1
2 -
9
4 +
9
4 =
1
2 .
(2)ax= log333+ 2lg5+ 2lg2- 2= 3+ 2 lg5+ lg2 - 2= 3+ 2- 2= 3,
所以
a3x+ a-3x
ax+ a-x
=
ax 3+ a-x 3
ax+ a-x
=
ax+ a-x ⋅ a2x- 1+ a-2x
ax+ a-x
= a2x+ a-2x- 1= ax 2+ a-x 2- 1= ax 2+ 1
ax
2
- 1= 32+ 13
2- 1= 739 .
21 值:
(1)0.027
- 13 + 259
1
2 - 2- 1 0;
(2)log227× log38- 2log510- log0.24.
【答案】(1)4(2)7
【解析】(1)0.027
- 13 + 259
1
2 - 2- 1 0= 0.3 3
- 13 + 53
2
1
2 - 1= 310
-1+ 53 - 1=
10
3 +
2
3 = 4.
(2)log227× log38- 2log510- log0.24= ln3
3
ln2 ×
ln23
ln3 - 2log52× 5- log5-12
2= 3ln3ln2 ×
3ln2
ln3 - 2 log52+ 1 +
2log52= 9- 2= 7.
22 值:
(1) 5 32+ 8
2
3 + π- 4 0+ 49
- 12 ;
(2)log354- log32+ log23 ⋅ log34.
【答案】(1) 172 ;(2)5.
【解析】(1) 5 32+ 8
2
3 + (π- 4)0+ 49
- 12 = (25)
1
5 + (23)
2
3 + 1+ 32
2
1
2 = 2+ 22+ 1+ 32 =
17
2 .
(2)log354- log32+ log23 ⋅ log34= log3 542 + log23 ⋅
log24
log23
= log333+ log222= 3+ 2= 5.
23 计算下 式子
(1)log3 27+ lg25+ lg4+ 7
log72+ -9.8 0
(2) lg8+ lg125
lg 10 × lg0.1
- log23× log34
【答案】(1) 132 (2) - 8
【解析】(1)log3 27+ lg25+ lg4+ 7
log72+ -9.8 0
= log33
3
2 + lg100+ 2+ 1= 32 + 2+ 2+ 1=
13
2 .
(2) lg8+ lg125
lg 10 × lg0.1
- log23× log34
= lg10001
2 × -1
- log23×
log24
log23
=-6- 2=-8.
计算专题训练 5 指数运算和对数运算
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24 计算:
(1)
3 1
64 - -
3 2
2
0
- -8
1
3 + 16
- 34;
(2)lg2+ lg5+ log2 34 - log26.
【答案】(1) 118 (2) - 2
【解析】(1)原式= 14
3× 13 - 1- -2
3× 13 + 2
4× - 34 = 14 - 1+ 2+
1
8 =
11
8
(2)原式= lg 2× 5 + log23- 2- log23- 1=-2
25 计算:
(1) 3 -4 3- 3 ⋅ 27
2
3 + 4
2 2
2+ 2
;
(2) 43 lg2+ log1002 + lg5
2- lg2 2.
【答案】(1) - 27(2)1
【解析】(1)依题意,
3 -4 3- 3 ⋅ 27
2
3 + 4
2 2
2+ 2
=-4- 3 ⋅ 33
2
3 + 2
2
2 2
2+ 2
=-4- 3 ⋅ 32+ 22- 2 2+ 2=-4- 27+ 2 2+ 2 2- 2 =-31+ 22=-27
(2) 43 lg2+ log1002 + lg5
2- lg2 2
= 43 lg2+
lg2
lg100 + lg5+ lg2 lg5- lg2
= 43 lg2+
lg2
2 + lg5- lg2= 43 ⋅
3lg2
2 + lg
5
2
= 2lg2+ lg 52 = lg2
2+ lg 52 = lg 4 ⋅
5
2 = 1
26 值:
(1)0.027
- 13 + 17
0- 1 16;
(2)lg20- lg4+ lg 15 + e
ln2.
【答案】(1) 73 ;(2)2.
【解析】(1)0.027
- 13 + 17
0- 4 16= 0.33
- 13 + 1- 24
1
4 = 0.3-1+ 1- 2= 73 ;
(2)lg20- lg4+ lg 15 + e
ln2= lg 204 ×
1
5 + 2= lg1+ 2= 2.
27 值:
(1) - 2764
- 23 +
4
- 29
4+ 3- 2 2022 3+ 2 2022;
(2)log49× log2764+ 3
log916+ lg2× lg5+ lg2 1+ 20220 + lg5.
【答案】(1)3(2)7
【解析】(1)原式=
3
- 6427
2+ 29 + -1
2022= 169 +
2
9 + 1= 3.
(2)原式= log23× log34+ 3
log34+ lg2× lg5+ lg22+ lg5= 2+ 4+ lg2 lg5+ lg2 + lg5= 6+ lg2+ lg5= 6+ 1
= 7.
28 计算
(1)2log23- lg100+ 2- 1 lg1
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(2) 2 14
-0.5+ 4 3- π 4+ 8
2
3
【答案】(1)2;(2)π- 13 .
【解析】(1)2log23- lg100+ 2- 1 lg1
= 3- 2lg10+ 2- 1 0
= 3- 2+ 1
= 2;
(2) 2 14
-0.5+ 4 3- π 4+ 8
2
3
= 32
2
-0.5+ 3- π + 2
3
2
2
3
= 32
-1+ π- 3+ 2
= π- 13 .
29 计算下 式的值:
(1)4
1
2 + 3 27- 181
1
4;
(2)2log32- log312+ log25× log58.
【答案】(1) 143 (2)2
【解析】(1)4
1
2 + 3 27- 181
1
4 = 2+ 3- 13 =
14
3 .
(2)2log32- log312+ log25× log58
= log3 13 + log28=-1+ 3= 2.
30 下 式的值:
(1)0.064
- 13 - - 45
0- 2-4 ⋅ 3 4
(2)lg25+ 23 lg8- log227× log32+ 2
log23.
【答案】(1) 1516 (2)2
【解析】(1)原式= 10.4 - 1-
1
16 × 9=
5
2 - 1-
9
16 =
15
16 .
(2)原式= 2lg5+ 2lg2- 3log23× log32+ 3= 2 lg5+ lg2 - 3+ 3= 2.
31 解下 问题:
(1) ( 2- 1)0+ 6427
- 23 + ( 8 )
- 43 ;
(2)lg 1100 - ln e+ 2
log23- log427 ⋅ log98.
【答案】(1) 2916 (2) -
7
4
【解析】(1) ( 2- 1)0+ 6427
- 23 + ( 8 )
- 43
= 1+ 43
3
- 23 + 2
3
2
- 43
= 1+ 43
-2+ 2-2
= 1+ 916 +
1
4 =
29
16 .
计算专题训练 5 指数运算和对数运算
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(2)lg 1100 - ln e+ 2
log23- log427 ⋅ log98
= lg10-2- lne
1
2 + 3- log223
3 ⋅ log322
3
=-2- 12 + 3-
3
2 log23 ⋅
3
2 log32
=-2- 12 + 3-
9
4 =-
7
4 .
32 计算下 式的值:
(1)log3 3+ lg5+ lg2+ 2
log22.
(2)cos20°sin50° -cos50°cos70°.
【答案】(1) 72 (2)
1
2
【解析】(1)log3 3+ lg5+ lg2+ 2
log22= 12 + lg10+ 2=
7
2 ;
(2)cos20°sin50° -cos50°cos70° = cos20°sin50° -cos50°sin20°
= sin 50° -20° = 12 .
33 计算下 式,写出 算过
(1) 2 14
1
2 + -2 2- 827
2
3 + 32
-2
;
(2)lg4+ 2lg5+ 2log510- log520- ln e- log25 ⋅ log58.
【答案】(1) 72 (2) -
1
2
【解析】(1)原式= 94 + 2-
2
3
3
2
3 + 49 =
3
2 + 2-
4
9 +
4
9 =
7
2 .
(2)原式= lg 4× 52 + log5 10
2
20 -
1
2 -
ln5
ln2 ⋅
3ln2
ln5 = 2+ 1-
1
2 - 3=-
1
2 .
34 化简 值:
(1)0.252× 0.5-4- 3 38
- 23 - ( 3- π)0+ 0.064
- 13 + 4 (-2)4 ;
(2)log 39+
1
2 lg25+ lg2- log49× log38+ 2
log23-1+ ln e.
【答案】(1) 7318 ;(2)4.
【解析】(1)0.252× 0.5-4- 3 38
- 23 - ( 3- π)0+ 0.064
- 13 + 4 (-2)4
= 14
2× 12
-4- 32
3
- 23 - 1+ 25
3
- 13 + 2
= 1- 49 - 1+
5
2 + 2=
73
18 ;
(2)log 39+
1
2 lg25+ lg2- log49× log38+ 2
log23-1+ ln e
= log
3
1
2
32+ 12 lg5
2+ lg2- log223
2× log323+ 2
log23
2 + lne
1
2
= 4log33+ lg5+ lg2- log23× 3log32+ 32 +
1
2
= 4+ lg 5× 2 - log23× 3log32+ 32 +
1
2
= 4+ 1- 3+ 2= 4.
35 值:
(1) 94
1
2 - -9.3 0- 23
-1+ log24
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(2)lg2+ lg5+ lg1+ 5log52
【答案】(1)1(2)3
【解析】(1) 94
1
2 - -9.3 0- 23
-1+ log24= 32
2
1
2 - 1- 32 + 2=
3
2 - 1-
3
2 + 2= 1.
(2)lg2+ lg5+ lg1+ 5log52= lg10+ 0+ 2= 1+ 2= 3.
36 化简 值:
(1) ( 2- 3)2+ 0.5
1
2 + (-4)
0
2
;
(2)2lg5- log322+ 1lg4
-1
+ 5log0.25.
【答案】(1)3(2)2
【解析】(1)原式= 3- 2+ 22 +
2
2 = 3
(2)原式= 2lg5- log252+ 2lg2+ 5
log 1
5
5
= 2 lg5+ lg2 - 15 log22+
1
5
-log 1
5
5
= 2- 15 +
1
5
log 1
5
1
5
= 2- 15 +
1
5 = 2
37 计算下 式的值:
(1) 54
- 13 × - 23
0+ 9
1
3 × 3 3- 45
2
3 ;
(2)log3
4 27
3 + lg25- 3log33
1
4 + lg4
【答案】(1)3(2)1
【解析】(1) 54
- 13 × - 23
0+ 9
1
3 × 3 3- 45
2
3
= 45
1
3 × 1+ 3
2
3 × 3
1
3 - 45
1
3
= 45
1
3 - 45
1
3 + 3
2
3+
1
3 = 3;
(2)log3
4 27
3 + lg25- 3log33
1
4 + lg4
= log33
3
4 - log33+ 2lg5- 3× 14 log33+ 2lg2
= 34 - 1+ 2(lg5+ lg2) -
3
4
=-1+ 2lg10= 1.
38 化简 值:
(1) 49
- 12 + lg2+ lg5- 2log31;
(2)sin 76 π+ cos
11
3 π+ tan
13
4 π.
【答案】(1) 32 (2)1
【解析】(1)原式= 23
2
- 12 + lg 2× 5 - 20= 32 + 1- 1=
3
2
(2)原式= sin π+ π6 + cos 4π-
π
3 + tan 2π+ π+
π
4
计算专题训练 5 指数运算和对数运算
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=-sin π6 + cos
π
3 + tan π+
π
4
=- 12 +
1
2 + tan
π
4 = 1
39 化简或 值
(1) (0.064)
- 13 - - 78
0+ 8116
1
4 + |-0.1|
(2)lg14- 2lg 73 + lg7- lg18
(3) (3- π)2+ 3 (-2)3
【答案】(1) 3110 (2)0(3)π- 5
【解析】(1) (0.064)
- 13 - - 78
0+ 8116
1
4 + |-0.1|
= 10.4 - 1+
3
2 + 0.1
= 52 - 1+
3
2 +
1
10
= 3+ 110
= 3110 .
(2)
lg14- 2lg 73 + lg7- lg18
= lg14- lg 73
2+ lg7- lg18
= lg 14× 949 × 7÷ 18
= lg1
= 0.
(3)
(3- π)2+ 3 (-2)3
= 3- π + (-2)
= π- 3- 2
= π- 5.
40 计算 值
(1)log827× log96÷ log166+ e2ln3;
(2)log48- log 1
9
3- log 24
【答案】(1)11(2) - 2
【解析】(1)log827× log96÷ log166+ e2ln3= log23×
1
2 log36× 4log62+ e
ln9
= 2log23×
log62
log63
+ 9= 2log23× log32+ 9= 11;
(2)log48- log 1
9
3- log 24=
3
2 log22-
1
-2 log33- 4log 2 2=
3
2 +
1
2 - 4=-2.
41 计算:
(1)0.01
- 12 - 32
1
5 - π+ 1 0+ 3 -2 3 ;
(2)log28+ lg2+ lg5- 3
log32.
【答案】(1)5(2)2
【解析】(1)0.01
- 12 - 32
1
5 - π+ 1 0+ 3 -2 3= 10- 2- 1- 2= 5;
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(2)log28+ lg2+ lg5- 3
log32= 3+ lg 2× 5 - 2= 2.
42 计算:
(1) 2 14
1
2 - 827
- 13 + - 32
4
;
(2)lg2+ lg2 ⋅ lg5+ (lg5)2.
【答案】(1) 94 (2)1
【解析】(1) 2 14
1
2 - 827
- 13 + - 32
4
= 32
2
1
2 - 23
3
- 13 + 32
4
= 32
2× 12 - 23
3× - 13 + 32
2
= 32 -
3
2 +
9
4 =
9
4 .
(2)lg2+ lg2 ⋅ lg5+ (lg5)2
= lg2+ lg5 lg2+ lg5
= lg2+ lg5 ⋅ lg 2× 5
= lg2+ lg5= lg 2× 5 = 1.
43 化简 值:
(1)
3
- 54
3+ 827
- 23 + 5- 2 -1+ 4 3- π 4 ;
(2)
1+ 12 lg9- lg240
1- 23 lg27+ lg
36
5
+ 9log32.
【答案】(1) 5+ π(2)3
【解析】(1)原式=- 54 +
2
3
3× - 23 + 1
5- 2
+ π- 3=- 54 +
9
4 + 5+ 2+ π- 3= 5+ π.
(2)原式= lg10+ lg3- lg240
lg10- lg9+ lg 365
+ 32log32=
lg 18
lg8 + 4=-1+ 4= 3.
44 值:
(1)3
3
2 × 1
3
- (- 8 )
2
3 + ( 2- π)0;
(2) (lg5)2+ (lg2)2- log827log49
+ lg5× lg log216 .
【答案】(1)2(2)0
【解析】(1)3
3
2 × 1
3
- (- 8 )
2
3 + ( 2- π)0= 3
3
2 × 3
- 12 - 3 (- 8 )2+ 1= 3- 2+ 1= 2
(2) (lg5)2+ (lg2)2- log827log49
+ lg5× lg log216 = (lg5)2+ (lg2)2-
log233
3
log223
2 + 2lg5× lg2= (lg5+ lg2)
2- 1= 1
- 1= 0
45 计算:
(1)lg25+ 2lg2+ eln2
(2) 827
2
3 - 949
-0.5+ 0.125
- 13
【答案】(1)4(2) 19
计算专题训练 5 指数运算和对数运算
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【解析】(1)原式= lg25+ lg4+ 2= lg100+ 2= 2+ 2= 4.
(2)原式= 23
3× 23 - 37
2×(-0.5)+ 12
3× - 13 = 49 -
7
3 + 2=
1
9 .
46 (1) 值:( 3 )2+ 16
3
4 + ( 3- 1)0;
(2) 值:lg25+ lg4+ 5log52+ log3 27.
【答案】(1)12 ;(2) 112 .
【解析】(1)原式= 3+ 24
3
4 + 1= 3+ 23+ 1= 12
(2)原式= lg 25× 4 + 2+ log33
3
2
= lg100+ 2+ 32
= 112
47 值:
(1) 18
- 13 + 5 3 × 3
4
5 - π- 3 0;
(2)log28+ log27× log7 log381 .
【答案】(1)4(2)5
【解析】(1) 18
- 13 + 5 3 × 3
4
5 - π- 3 0= 2+ 3
1
5+
4
5 - 1= 2+ 3- 1= 4;
(2)log28+ log27× log7 log381 = 3+ log27× log74
= 3+ log27× 2log72= 3+ 2= 5.
48 (1) 8116
1
4 + 3 16
3
2 + 12022
0- e
ln 32
(2) log34+ log 1
3
2 log4 3+ log163
【答案】(1)5 ;(2) 12 .
【解析】(1)原式= 32
4× 14 + 2
4
3
3
2 + 1- 32 =
3
2 + 4+ 1-
3
2 = 5.
(2)原式= log34- log32 log4 3+ log4 3 = log32× log43= 12 .
49 计算:
(1) (-1)0+ 32
-2 ⋅ 278
2
3 +[(-3)2]
1
2;
(2)2lg5+ lg4- log23 ⋅ log34+ log3 27 .
【答案】(1)5(2) 32
【解析】(1) (-1)0+ 32
-2 ⋅ 278
2
3 +[(-3)2]
1
2 = 1+ 23
2 ⋅ 32
3
2
3 + 3= 1+ 49 ×
9
4 + 3= 5
(2)2lg5+ lg4- log23 ⋅ log34+ log3 27
= 2lg5+ 2lg2- lg3lg2 ×
2lg2
lg3 +
3
2 = 2(lg5+ lg2) - 2+
3
2 =
3
2
50 计算下 式的值:
(1)e2ln2- lg 12 - lg20;
(2)lg25+ 23 lg8- log227× log32.
【答案】(1)3.(2) - 1.
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【解析】(1)e2ln2- lg 12 - lg20= e
ln22- lg 12 + lg20 = 4- lg
1
2 × 20 = 4- lg10= 4- 1= 3.
(2)lg25+ 23 lg8- log227× log32= lg 25× 8
2
3 - log227× log32= lg102- 3log23× log32= 2- 3=-1.
51 化简下 式:
(1)sin 7π2 + cos
5π
2 + cos(-5π) + tan
π
4 ;
(2)log20.25+ ln e+ 2
4⋅log23+ lg4+ 2 ⋅ lg5- 4 (-2)4 .
【答案】(1) - 1(2) 1592
【解析】(1)原式= sin 3π2 + cos
π
2 + cosπ+ 1=-1+ 0- 1+ 1=-1.
(2)原式= log2 14 + lne
1
2 + 2log23
4
+ lg4+ lg52- 4 24= log22-2+ 12 + 3
4+ (lg4+ lg52) - 4 24
=-2+ 12 + 81+ lg100- 2=
159
2 .
52 计算下 式的值:
(1)8
2
3 - -9.6 0- 278
- 23 + 32
-2
;
(2)log3 27+ lg25+ lg4+ 7
log72+ (-9.8)0.
【答案】(1)3;(2) 132
【解析】(1)原式= 4- 1- 32
3× - 23 + 32
-2= 3
(2)原式= log33
3
2 + lg 25× 4 + 2+ 1
= 32 + 2+ 3
= 132
53 计算 值:
(1) 1200
- 12 - 10 2- 1 + 10 3- 2 0+ -8
4
3 ;
(2)lg2× lg2500+ 8× lg 5 2+ 2log49+ log29 ⋅ log34.
【答案】(1)36(2)9
【解析】(1)原式= 10 2- 10 2+ 10+ 10+ -2 3
4
3 = 20+ -2 4= 36;
(2)原式= lg2 2lg5+ 2 + 8× 14 lg
25 + 2log23+
2lg3
lg2 ⋅
2lg2
lg3
= 2lg2lg5+ 2lg2+ 2lg25+ 3+ 4= 2lg5 lg2+ lg5 + 2lg2+ 7
= 2 lg5+ lg2 + 7= 2+ 7= 9.
54 计算下 式的值:
(1) 23
-3+ 2- 3 0- 2 14
3
2
(2)2log34- log3 3227 + log32+ 5
log53
【答案】(1)1(2)6
【解析】(1) 23
-3+ 2- 3 0- 2 14
3
2 = 32
3+ 1- 94
3
2
= 32
3+ 1- 32
2
3
2 = 32
3+ 1- 32
3= 1
计算专题训练 5 指数运算和对数运算
第 49页 共 131页
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博观而约取 厚积而薄发
(2)2log34- log3 3227 + log32+ 5
log53
= log3 42÷ 3227 × 2 + 3= log327+ 3= 3+ 3= 6
55 下 式的值:
(1) 2 35
0+ 2-2× 2 14
- 12 - 4 2 × 80.25;
(2)lg 1100 + log 13 9- log5125- log8
1
32 .
【答案】(1) - 56 (2) -
16
3
【解析】(1) 2 35
0+ 2-2× 2 14
- 12 - 4 2 × 80.25= 1+ 14 ×
3
2
2
- 12 - 2
1
4 × 23
1
4 = 1+ 16 - 2=-
5
6 .
(2)lg 1100 + log 13 9- log5125- log8
1
32 = lg10
-2- log39- log553- log232
-5=-2- 2- 3+ 53 =-
16
3 .
56 化简 值:
(1)
ab-1 3
a3b-3
1
2
a> 0,b> 0 ;
(2)lg5+ lg22+ lg2lg5+ log25× log254+ 7
log75.
【答案】(1)1(2)7
【解析】(1)因为 a> 0,b> 0,所以 ab-1 3= ab-1 3
1
2 = a
3
2b
- 32,a3b-3
1
2 = a
3
2b
- 32,
所以原式= a
3
2b
- 32
a
3
2b
- 32
= 1;
(2)lg5+ lg22+ lg2lg5+ log25× log254+ 7
log75
= lg5+ lg2 lg2+ lg5 + log25× log52+ 5
= lg5+ lg2 lg2+ lg5 + log25× log52+ 5
= lg5+ lg2+ 1+ 5= 7 .
57 计算:
(1) 827
- 23 - 16
1
4 + π0- 3 125;
(2)2lg4+ lg 58 + log25 ⋅ log54+ e
3ln2.
【答案】(1) - 154 (2)11
【解析】(1)原式= 23
3
- 23 - 24
1
4 + 1- 5= 94 - 2- 4=-
15
4 .
(2)原式= lg 42× 58 +
ln5
ln2 ⋅
2ln2
ln5 + e
ln2 3= 1+ 2+ 8= 11.
58 计算:
(1)5log53- log311 ⋅ log1127+ log82+ log48;
(2)若 3m- 3-m= 2 3, 9m+ 9-m的值.
【答案】(1) 116 (2)9
m+ 9-m= 14.
【解析】(1)原式= 3- log311× 3log113+ 13 log22+
3
2 log22
= 3- 3+ 13 +
3
2 =
11
6 .
(2)将等式 3m- 3-m= 2 3 两边同时平方得 9m+ 9-m- 2= 12,
第 50页 共 131页
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则 9m+ 9-m= 14.
计算专题训练 5 指数运算和对数运算
第 51页 共 131页