小升初英语课程第7讲 非谓语动词（讲义）-2023-2024学年译林版（三起）英语六年级下册

小升初英语课程第七讲 ——非谓语动词+完形填空（7）+首字母(7) 1、 【考点解读】 非谓语动词也是考察的重点，一般为单选题和填空题目为主，考生平时应注意理解和背诵一些常见的动词搭配形式，做到心中有数。 2、 【知识讲解】 知识点1——非谓语动词的概念 非谓语动词，又叫非限定动词，非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。 知识点2——动词不定式(to do sth.) 1)作主语 动词不定式作主语可位于句首。 To learn a skill is very important for everyone in society. 也可使用 it 作形式主语，而将其置于句末。 It is necessary for young students to learn a foreign language. 动词不定式作主语的常用句型有： It is＋adj./ n. (＋for sb.／sth.) ＋ to do sth. 用于此句型的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, possible, important, impossible, necessary, good, bad, exciting, interesting, surprising 等。例如： It is necessary for you to change your job. It was impossible for them to complete the task in such a short time. It is＋adj.＋of sb.＋to do sth. 该句型中只能使用描述某人的品德、特征的形容词，如： kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever 等。例如： It is friendly of the family to try to make me feel at home in their house. How silly it was of you to give up such a good chance！ It takes sb.＋some time＋to do sth. 该句型意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。例如： It took us half an hour to ride to the town by bike. 2)作表语 动词不定式作表语常用于以下结构：My wish/ job/ aim/ goal is…及 The next step/ measure is …等。例如： Your job is to type the papers in the office. 3)作宾语 常见的只能使用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：decide, hope, begin, plan, start, try, want 等。 例 如：They decided to build a highway between these two cities. 4)作宾补 可后接动词不定式作宾补的动词有：allow, ask, help, invite, tell 等。例如： They invited me to go sightseeing with them. 在主动结构中，下列动词后作宾补的动词不定式应省略 to：let, hear, make, see, watch, have, notice, feel 例如： Who made him work all night long? 但是，改为被动结构后，应补出省略的 to。例如：He was seen to break the window. 5)作状语表示目的。例如： We went there to see our grandparents. 作目的状语，还可以使用 in order to 或 so as to。例如： The boy worked so hard in order to make up for the lost time. 结果状语还可以使用 enough to, too…to…, so…as to, such… as to 等结构。例如： He got up too late to miss the early bus. She was in such a hurry as not to notice me. 注：Why not 和 had better 后直接加动词原形。 Why not have a try? You’d better do your homework first. 知识点3——动词 ing 形式 1)作主语 Reading in the sun is bad for our eyes. 2)作表语 His job is cleaning the classroom. 3)作宾语：有许多动词可用动名词作宾语。例如： I enjoyed watching TV. He loves playing football. I like travelling very much. I hate getting up early in winter. ★常见的这类动词有：enjoy, finish, keep, mind, practice, see, watch 等。 许多带介词的动词词组后用动词-ing 形式。例如： I am interested in playing basketball. ★常见的这类动词词组有：be interested in..., stop...from...(阻止做某事), go on...(继续做某事). look forward to...(盼望), succeed in...(成功做某事), be tired of...(厌倦)等。 有些动词可以接不定式，也可接 ing 形式，如：like, prefer, hate, begin, start, remember, forget, try, stop 等，部分意思不变，也有例外： remember to do sth. 记得去做某事 remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 三、【典例探究】 【例题1】： The teacher asked us ______so much noise. A .don’t make B. not make C. not making D .not to make 解析：考察非谓语动词。ask sb.(not) to do sth.故选D。 【例题2】： We are not allowed __________ outdoors with some other children. A. playing B. to be playing C. to play D. be playing 解析：考察非谓语动词用法，be allowed to do sth.表示被允许去做。故选C。 四、【课堂运用】 【基础】 【练习1】 Don’t forget _________ the letter. A. to send B. send C. sending D. being sent 【练习2】 Mother told me ________ the water before I drank it. A. boiling B. boiled C. boil D. to boil 【巩固】 【练习1】 The first thing I want to do is __________. A. visit to him B. to visit him C. visiting him D. visited him 【练习2】 --- The light in the office is still on. --- Oh, I forgot _______. A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having 【拔高】 【练习1】 It’s freezing outside. You _______ put on your overcoat. A. had better to B. had better C. would better D. would better to 【练习2】 --- I usually go there by train. --- Why not _______ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going 5、 【课后巩固】 【习题1】 I prefer ____ rather than ______. A. read; watch B. to read; watch C. reading; to watch D. to read; to watch 【习题2】 The workers want us ________ together with them. A. work B. working C. to work D. worked 【习题3】 On my way home, I stopped _______ some food. A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought 6、 【完形填空】 　 A thousand years ago, Hong Kong was covered by a thick forest. As more and more people came to 1 in Hong Kong, these trees were cut down and burnt. Now there is 2 forest left, though there are still some small areas(地方) covered with trees. We call these woods. 　　Elephants, tigers and many 3 animals were living in the thick forest. When people came to live in Hong Kong, the 4 began to die out. Early farmers grew rice and 5 pigs and chickens in the valleys. They cut down the trees and burnt them. They needed 6 to keep themselves warm in winter, to cook their food and to keep away the dangerous animals. Elephants quickly disappeared(消失) because there was not enough food for them. 7 did most of the wolves and tigers. Monkeys and many other animals soon 8 in the same way. You might think that there are no longer any animals in Hong Kong 9 in the zoos. There are still about 36 different animals 10 there. One of the most interesting of Hong Kong’s animals is the barking deer. These are beautiful little animals 11 a rich brown coat and a white patch(补丁) under the tail. They look like deer 12 but they are much like a dog 13 . In Hong Kong the barking deer has only a real enemy(敌人)— 14 . People hunt these little animals though it is illegal(违法的). There are now not many barking deer left. So it is important 15 people to protect (保护) wild animals. 1. A. work B. study C. live D. enjoy 　　2. A. many B. a few C. no D. not 　　3. A. other B. others C. the other D. another 　　4. A. people B. animals C. plants D. things 　　5. A. grew B. made C. got D. kept 　　6. A. fire B. hotness C. heat D. stoves(炉子) 　　7. A. So B. Such C. As D. Nor 　　8. A. lived B. died C. came D. left 　　9. A. besides B. except C. and D. or 　　10. A. live B. to live C. lived D. living 　　11. A. have B. without C. with D. get 　　12. A. high B. higher C. short D. shorter 　　13. A. shouting B. crying C. barking D. talking 　　14. A. tigers B. men C. wolves D. elephants 　　15. A. to B. for C. like D. of 这则短文通过讲述香港的变化来告诫人们要保护森林、爱护动物。 1. C。表示有了人的居住后，情况才发生了改变。 　　2.C。根据下面一句话得知大面积的森林已经消失了。 　　3. A。many other animals 表示其余的许多种动物，但不代表世界上所有的动物，故不选the other 。 　　4. B。由于人多了，动物就变少了。 　　5. D。keep 这里表示“饲养”，而grow意思是“种植”。 　　6. A。根据后面的取暖、烧饭、驱赶动物，可见这里他们需要的是火。 　　7. A。“so+助动词+主语”表示“某人(某物)也这样”，这里表示狼和老虎也消失了。 　　8. B。跟上一句表达同样的意思。 　　9. B。besides 表示“除了……还有……”，而except“除……之外”。故选except表示除了动物园其它地方就没有动物了。 　　10. D。There be sb./sth.+ doing 为固定搭配。 　　11. C。with引导的介宾短语常常用来表示人或物的外貌特征。 　　12. A。表示长得和鹿差不多高。 　　13. C。狗叫声通常用barking。 　　14. B。根据整篇文章的观点就可得知人类才是动物真正的敌人。 　　15. B。“It be + 形+for sb. + to do” 表示对某人来说做某事怎样(简单、困难、重要……)而of sb.表示人的性格或品质，如kind, bad, nice 等。 7、 【首字母】     British Milkman Steve Leech saved some shops and flats with milk and won a National Bravery Award（国家勇敢奖）. Leech, 35 years old, said that when he was sending out milk as u 1 along Pine Street, he s 2 heard a loud, strange sound behind him and then he saw smoke coming out of a shop in Cornwall, southern England. “That must be a fire, I t 3 ” Leech said. “Then I quickly d 4 to do something. So I p 5 the door in and then I s 6 for the people inside. Then I started pouring milk e 7 ” He used 320 pints of milk to stop the fire. When firefighters r 8 the shop, the fire was under control（得到控制）. Leech helped save the l 9 of eight people in the flats above the shops. “It was hard to o 10 all those bottles. But it was even harder trying to tell my boss where all the milk had gone,” Leech said jokingly. Keys： 1.usual 2.suddenly 3.thought 4. decided 5. pushed 6. shouted 7. everywhere 8. reached 9. lives 10. open 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$