江苏省南京市第二十九中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期初测试英语试题

- 1 - 2023-2024学年高二P学期南京二十九中期初 第二部分 阅读ÿ共两节，满分 50分Ā 第一节ÿ共 15小题Ā每小题 2.5分，满分 37.5分Ā 阅读Q列短文，从每题所给的 A1B1C1D四个选项中选出最佳选项2 A Visitor code of conduct The Canada Agriculture and Food Museum is a national museum and open to all. Respectful use of the space, sources, and animals ensures a safe and enriching environment for all visitors. Prohibited items The possession or use of objects that are dangerous or prohibited by law is not permitted during museum visits or events: Backpacks, sports bags, and purses may be subject to <bag searches= at all entry points. The following items are not permitted into the museum: any object that makes noise, any animal except service animals, any dangerous items, any weapon, pocket knife, blade, pepper spray, and any object considered to be suspicious by security personnel. Hours The museum is open year-round. Current hours of operation are 9:10 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. from Wednesday to Sunday, including statutory holidays, except December 25. The museum offers free admission from 3:30 p.m. - 4:30 p.m. Please reserve your tickets in advance. Admission Adult: $12.25 Age 60+: $10.25 Youth (ages 3-17): $10.25 Member: Free Filming and photos The museum welcomes visitors to take either photos or video images of the museum’s animals, buildings, exhibitions, and grounds during opening hours. All photos are for personal use only, not professional. Please be respectful of the animals while using your camera. Getting too close or being too aggressive in your attempt to get an image could compromise your safety and cause stress to the animals. For safety reasons and for the enjoyment of all visitors, all indoor photography or video recording must be done with hand-held devices only; no tripod (O脚架) or selfie sticks indoors. Contact Phone: 6139913044 Address: P. O. Box 9724, Station T Ottawa, ON K1G 5A3 Canada 21. Which of the following is allowed to be brought into the museum? A. Pet cats. B. Whistles. C. Fireworks. D. Guide dogs. - 2 - 22. How much will a couple (nonmembers) and ten-year-old twins pay for their tickets? A. 45 dollars. B. 34.75 dollars. C. 22.5 dollars. D. 32.75 dollars. 23. Why is a selfie stick forbidden while you are photographing in the museum? A. It makes your objects out of focus. B. It might endanger the visitors around you. C. It might disturb the animals you photograph. D. It makes you considered to be unprofessional. B Most people enjoy variety. We like to eat different foods from meal to meal. We wear different clothes. We like to try new activities and visit new places. We become bored when there is little variety. Nevertheless, there’s one place where we tend to dislike variety, and that’s in each other. We often feel uncomfortable with people who practise different habits, or hold beliefs or values that we do not share. There are reasons for this. When we are exposed to new and different things, our brain works a bit harder than usual. When we’re learning, our nerve cells require more resources, such as water, salt, and various other chemicals. This extra metabolic (新陈代谢的) activity can feel unsettling and unpleasant. And it can feel worse if our nervous system is already under pressure, like in the midst of the pandemic. This sort of variation may be uncomfortable for individuals but it’s critical to the survival of any species. If all finches (雀科鸣鸟) were identical, for example, and their environment changed in some significant, harmful ways, like an increase in the temperature or a decrease in water, all of them would be equally affected and the species might become extinct. This insight into variation comes from Charles Darwin, and it’s known as population thinking. Most people associate Darwin with his evolutionary theory of natural selection, but population thinking may be an even greater scientific achievement. The idea of <survival of the fittest= Implies that individuals must vary. Some are more suited than others for a given environment, making it easier for them to survive, grow, and reproduce. Variation is therefore a prerequisite for natural selection to work. Dealing with the vast variety of humankind can be demanding and even annoying at times, but it’s a good investment, sort of like exercise for your brain. When you meet someone who looks different or thinks differently from you, treat your discomfort as a cue to be curious and learn instead of a signal of a problem. Don’t hold the view that the other person should be silenced. Ultimately, this mindset can make you more flexible in adapting to challenging situations, and more adaptable to change. 24. Which of the following might make people feel uncomfortable? A. Having an adventure in the wild. B. Taking a trip to a foreign country. C. Sharing traveling experiences with others. D. Socializing with people from diverse cultures. 25. What does the second paragraph focus on? A. People’s unwillingness to deal with new things. B. The significance of learning new things in our life. C. The biological explanations for people’s discomfort. - 3 - D. The role of the nervous system in learning new things. .26. What does the underlined word <prerequisite= in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Requirement. B. Substitute. C. Motivation. D. Challenge. 27. What does the writer mainly want to convey? A. Why we tend to chase and enjoy variation. B. How we can benefit from seeking variation. C. How we should treat the differences we find in others. D. Why we should get along with people different from us. C Certain stem cells have a unique ability to move between growth compartments (隔隔) in hair follicles (隔隔), but get stuck as people age and so lose their ability to mature and maintain hair color, a new study shows. Led by researchers from NYU Grossman School of Medicine, the new work focused on cells in the skin of mice and also found in humans called melanocyte stem cells, or McSCs. Hair color is controlled by whether nonfunctional but continually multiplying pools of McSCs within hair follicles get the signal to become mature cells that make the protein pigment (隔隔) responsible for color. The new study showed that McSCs are remarkably plastic. This means that during normal hair growth, such cells continually move back and forth between maturity and immaturity as they move between compartments of the developing hair follicle. It is inside these compartments that McSCs are exposed to different levels of maturity-influencing protein signals. Specifically, the research team found that McSCs transform between their most primitive stem cell state and the next stage of their maturation, depending on their location. The researchers found that as hair ages, comes off, and then repeatedly grows back, increasing numbers of McSCs get stuck in the stem cell compartment. They remain there, do not mature into the transit- amplifying state, and do not travel back to their original location in the germ compartment, where they regenerate into pigment cells. <Our study adds to our basic understanding of how McSCs work to color hair.= said study lead investigator Qi Sun, PhD, a postdoctoral fellow at NYU Langone Health. <The new found mechanisms raise the possibility that the same fixed-positioning of McSCs may exist in humans. If so, it presents a potential pathway for changing over or preventing the graying of human hair by helping jammed cells to move again between developing hair follicle compartments.= 28. What is the function of mature McSCs? A. Receiving maturity signal. B. Making protein pigments. C. Stopping hair from being colored. D. Sending maturity-influencing protein signals. 29. What determines the state of McSCs? - 4 - A. Their quantity. B. Their growing time. C. Their size. D. Their position. 30. What can be concluded from the study? A. Hair will stop growing as it ages. B. Gray hair will no longer mature. C. Stuck McSCs cause hair to turn gray. D. Gray hair can eventually grow normal. 31. What did Qi Sun express in the last paragraph? A. The potential application of the finding. B. The principle behind the result of the study. C. The basic understanding of McSCs. D. The possibility of developing hair follicle compartments. D Using first-of-their-kind observations from the James Webb Space Telescope, a University of Minnesota Twin Cities-led team looked more than 13 billion years into the past to discover a unique, minuscule galaxy cluster (星隔隔) that generated new stars at an extremely high rate for its size. The galaxy is one of the smallest ever discovered at this distance --- around 500 million years after the Big Bang --- and could help astronomers learn more about galaxies that were present shortly after the universe came into existence. The James Webb Space Telescope can observe a wide enough field to image an entire galaxy cluster at once. The researchers were able to find and study this new, tiny galaxy because of a phenomenon called gravitational lensing (隔隔隔隔), where mass, such as that in a galaxy or galaxy cluster, bends and magnifies (隔隔) light. A galaxy cluster lens caused this small back ground galaxy to appear 20 times brighter than it would if the cluster were not magnifying its light. The researchers then measured how far away the galaxy was, in addition to some of its physical and chemical properties. Studying galaxies that were present when the universe was this much younger can help scientists get closer to answering a huge question in astronomy about how the universe became reionized (隔隔隔隔). <The galaxies that existed when the universe was in its primary stage are very different from what we see in the nearby universe now,= explained Hayley Williams, first author on the paper and a PhD student at the Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics. <This discovery can help us learn more about the characteristics of those first galaxies, how they differ from nearby galaxies, and how the earlier galaxies formed.= <The James Webb Space Telescope can collect about 10 times as much light as the Hubble Space Telescope and is much more sensitive at redder longer wavelengths. This allows scientists to access an entirely new window of data,= the researchers said. 32. What dos the underworld word <minuscule= in paragraph 1 mean? A. Extremely small. B. Remarkably dark C. Especially remote. D. Quite complicated 33. What can a galaxy cluster lens do? A. Enlarge the size of the galaxy. B. Beautify the image of the galaxy. - 5 - C. Shorten the distance of the galaxy. D. Make the small galaxy look brighter. 34. What can be said about James Webb Space Telescope? A. It is more sensitive at shorter wavelengths. B. It can see extremely far into the universe. C. Scientists get access to data entirely through it. D. It is 10 times as light as the Hubble Space Telescope. 35. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Studying younger galaxies can help scientists solve mysteries B. James Webb Space Telescope helps astronomers learn more about galaxies C. James Webb Space Telescope discovers tiny galaxy with big star power D. James Webb Space Telescope can observe a wide enough field to image galaxies 第二节ÿ共 5小题Ā每小题 2.5分，满分 12.5分Ā 阅读Q面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选 项2 We all know there’s good cholesterol (胆固醇) and bad cholesterol. (36) ______ better understanding of them will give us health benefits. Good fat is medically known as <brown far=, typically found in the neck and shoulders of newborns It makes up about 5 percent of an infant’s total body mass. (37) ______ By age six, we have less than 5 percent of the brown fat we were born with. Researchers now believe that some people maintain brown fat deposits into adulthood. As a <good= kind, it is metabolically (新陈代谢地) efficient and actually burns excess energy to generate heat. (38) ______ It’s a way for your body to store excess energy that accumulates when you consume more calories than you use. It is widely distributed throughout the body. And it doesn’t use much energy, is hard to bur-off, accumulates, and causes other health problems. The fat we gain over time is almost all white fat. The increasing level of white fat is one of the major causes of shortened life spans and chronic diseases. Thus, increasing the level of brown fat makes sense. Some studies suggest that taking a cold shower or an ice bath could activate brown fat to help your body burn more calories. Researchers have also found methods that may help people gain brown fat without the need for cold (39) ______ As brown fat is rich in iron, choosing iron supplements or food items rich in iron can keep your fat cells healthy. Nutrition is vital for your health, especially if you want to increase brown fat production. Though it is helpful to increase brown fat, some scientists think they will learn how to keep stores of brown fat as large and active throughout adulthood as its stores are in infancy. (40) ______ A. You can build fat from the food you cat. B. We lose most of our brown fat as we age. - 6 - C. It turns out there’s good and bad fat, too. D. It’s wise to distinguish good fat from bad fat. E. Out white fat is considered to do the opposite. F. These methods oppose taking in extra calories G. The goal is to maintain brown fat rather than recreate it. 第O部分 语言ß用ÿ共两节，满分 30分Ā 第一节ÿ共 15小题Ā每小题 1分，满分 15分Ā 阅读Q面短文，从每题所给的 A1B1C1D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项2 A few years ago, I spared a couple of hours from busy academic learning to work in a video store on a daily basis. An elderly woman walked into the store with a younger woman who I ___41___ was her daughter. The daughter was displaying a serious case of ___42___ checking her watch every few seconds. The older woman began to ___43___ the DVDs on the nearest shelf. After ___44___ hesitation, I walked over and asked if I could help. The woman smiled and showed me a title on a crumpled (皱巴巴的) piece of paper. Obviously a person looking for it knew a little about ___45___. Rather than rushing off to ___46___ the DVD for the woman, I asked her to walk with me so I could show her where she could find it. Something about her deliberate movements ___47___ me of my own mother, who had passed away the previous Christmas. The woman seemed ___48___ for the unrushed company and casual conversation. We found the movie, and I ___49___ her to the queue at the cash register. When the older woman was paying in cash, I walked over to the younger, who was still tapping her foot at the front of the store. <Is that your mom?= She rolled her eyes and said, <Yeah.= There was ___50___ in her reply, half sigh and half complaint. Still watching the mother! I said <___51___ some advice?= <Sure,= said the daughter. I smiled to show her I wasn’t ___52___ I answered her ___53___ expression by saying, <When she’s gone, it’s the little ___54___ that’ll come back to you. Moments like this. I know.= Silent for a moment, the daughter placed her arm with ___55___ accustomed affection around her mother’s shoulders, gently guiding her out of the store. 41. A. found B. recognized C. guessed D. predicted 42. A. anxiety B. confusion C. eagerness D. impatience 43. A. look around B. look through C. look into D. look up 44. A. cautious B. long C. slight D. instant 45. A. DVDs B. movies C. titles D. records 46. A. locate B. confirm C. check D. buy 47. A. informed B. convinced C. recalled D. reminded 48. A. suitable B. eager C. grateful D. hopeful 49. A. asked B. walker C. invited D. introduced - 7 - 50. A. annoyance B. amazement C. concern D. disappointment 51. A. Give B. Accept C. Mind D. Follow 52. A. criticizing B. kidding C. disturbing D. interfering 53. A. curious B. frightened C. unbelievable D. regretful 54. A. expressions B. moments C. possessions D. chances 55. A. immediately B. constantly C. naturally D. apparently 第二节ÿ共 10小题，每小题 1.5分，满分 15分Ā 阅读Q面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式2 Despite its rapid industrialization, there are still some comers in China that have maintained its original color. Ancient towns and villages in China are places (56) ________ traditions are well preserved in terms of architecture, lifestyle and folk customs. All of these can be found in Huangyao Ancient Town, one of the most-visited tourist (57) ________ (spot) in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. (58) ________ (cover) an area of 3.6 Square kilometers, Huangyao has a history of nearly 1,000 years (56) ________ with its origins dating back to the Song Dynasty. People have (60) ________ (carry) on traditional festivals and customs here for hundreds of years up to now. During Chinese Lunar New Year, over 20 traditional performances (61) ________ (hold), including the dragon dance and suona horn show. On July 14 in the Chinese lunar calendar, residents often come to the riverbank and put lanterns into the river to (62) ________ (celebrate) Zhongyuan Jie, the Hungry Ghost Festival. Black soybean is often added to its local food to create an (63) ________ (extreme) distinctive flavor. When you visit. Huangyao tofu is (64) ________ must as it is sold only in this town. It usually takes a day or two to tour around the old town due to its small size, but you can always stay (65) ________ (long) to experience more of its local hospitality and culture. 第O节 单词填空ÿ共 5小题ÿ每小题 1分，满分 5分Ā 66. I humiliated you before your friends by m________ you to the house. 67. Young boys, especially, i________ with (产生共鸣) the movie’s hero. 68. Concordia is optimistic but acknowledges that the team will need to be flexible to a________ the changing realities of the COVID-19 pandemic. 69. At the first sign of trouble, the crowd m________ away. 70. She arrived home exhausted and barely capable of showering before c________ on her bed 第四部分 写作ÿ满分 40分Ā 第一节 应用文写作ÿ满分 15分Ā 学校英文报正在开展以 Protecting our eyes to enjoy a bright world为题的讨论2请使用图表中的 - 8 - 调查结果写一篇短文投稿，内容包括ÿ 1. 学生à视率状况描述Ā 2. 简单评论Ā 3. 你的建议2 注意ÿ 1. 词数 80左右ÿ 2. 短文题目和首句已为你写好，不计入总词数2 Protecting our eyes to enjoy a bright world The health of children’s vision is facing a growing threat. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 读后续写ÿ满分 25分Ā 阅读Q面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文，续写的词数 应为 150左右2 In high school, I was an editor of the school newspaper at the student union. And I won two national awards. I’ve been so focused on my dream of being a magazine editor that I’ve never wasted my time being fake-friendly to people --- I was too busy for that. I almost didn’t socialize much in school, which meant I almost didn’t have any real friends in school. Unexpectedly, that annoyed a lot of people out of my expectation, so they began to talk about me behind my back. The gossip (流言蜚语) never bothered me since I was so into my goals and had no time to care much. But then I appeared on TV, and things changed. When the show first broadcast last May, I received dozens of mean posts about me on the media sites, calling me <crazy=, and even some dirty words were used. Worse still, some strangers shot their fingers at me. How could they say such terrible words to me when they’d never met me? I still tried to focus on my work and told myself not to care about this, but that didn’t stop their comments from streaming in. Every day, mess messages continued to come in and it seemed no sign of end. - 9 - When I walked into class on a Monday morning, some girls actually pointed and whispered that I broke down the TV program. I wish I could have faced all negative things calmly or even ignore the gossip, but I couldn’t. Each time I went out of or into the classroom, there would be people I knew or total strangers, staring at me or whispering, only adding to my sense of shame, and I just wasn’t able to shake any of it off. All the negative attention started to overwhelm me physically and mentally. 注意ÿ 1. 续写词数应为 150左右Ā 2. 请按如Q格式在答题卡的相应位置作答2 Soon after, all the negative words started to destroy me. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ I saw a quote in the journal. <Once you choose your way of life, be brave to stick it out and never return.= ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ - 1 - 2023-2024学年高二P学期南京二十九中期初 参考答案 第二部分 阅读理解 第一节 阅读理解 21-23 DAC 24-27 DCAD 28-31 BDCA 32-35 ADBC 第二节 七选五 36-40 CBEAG 第O部分 语言知识运用 第一节 完形填空 41-45 CDBCB 46-50 ADCBA 51-55 CAABD 第二节 语法填空 56. where 57. spots 58. covering 59. with 60. have carried 61. are held 62. to celebrate 63. extremely 64. a 65. Longer 第O节 单词填空 66. marching 67. Identify 68. accommodate 69. Melted 70. collapsing 第四部分 写作 第一节 应用文 Protecting our eyes to enjoy a bright world The health of children's vision is facing a growing threat. Data show that 14.3 percent of pre-school kids are nearsighted. The rate is 35.6 percent for primary school students, 71.1 percent for junior high school pupils and 80.5 percent for senior high school students. The age for the beginning of shortsightedness is getting younger. Meanwhile, there is the rapid progression of shortsightedness during the middle school. To tackle the growing problem, schools should reduce the academic burden of students and increase the time of outdoor activities. What’s more, we should attach importance to our visual health and control the time spent on electronic devices. 第二节 读后续写 Soon after, all the negative words started to destroy me. I cried myself to sleep late in the night and woke up with swollen eyes the next morning, hardly able to get out of my room. Several days later, overwhelmed by depression, I refused to go to school and talk with someone and even refused food. It seemed that I was totally trapped in darkness. Thankfully, the magazines at hand helped to relieve my stress somehow. Everything changed from that day, when I happened to read an article. I saw a quote in the journal. <Once you choose your way of life, be brave to stick it out and never return.= Reading it, I suddenly caught what it meant. I could either let myself down in the gossip or hug it as a chance to grow up and become better. So I reread the posts and reflected on my recent experiences. I realized that I was bothered because I cared so much about people’s bad comments that I lost heart and forgot my target. It’s time to face the situation bravely and stick to what I have always dreamed to do.