高考英语复习同位语从句 导学案-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

同位语从句 一．跟在名词后面起解释说明作用的从句（不缺成分） 如：It is a fact that smoking is a danger to health. 吸烟危害健康，这是事实。 二．连接词：连词that，whether；还有关系代词what, which, who；关系副词how，when，where，why ①连词that，whether引导的同位语从句（不能用if引导同位语从句） 如：The fact that we lack enough phones needs to be considered.我们缺少足够的电话这一事实需要加以考虑。 The question of whether it is right or wrong depends on the result.这个是对还是错要看结果。 注：在suggestion, advice, request, order等意为“建议；命令；要求”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。 如：Our teacher gave us some advice how we (should) use the computer. ②关系代词what, which, who引导的同位语从句 如：The question who should be the first has not been settled.谁应该是第一名的问题还没有定下来。 You can have no idea what he said.你根本想不到他说了些什么。 ③由关系副词how，when，where，why引导的同位语从句 如：I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。 They usually write exact instructions how the music is to be played.他们通常为如何演奏乐曲写出精确的说明。 随堂练习：用适当的连接词填空 1.There was a suggestion Brown should be dropped from the team. 2.I have no idea size shoes she wears. 3.The question will take his place is still not clear. 4.I don't know the question pen is mine. 5.I have no idea he will come back. 6.He had no idea she left. 7.I don't know the question the concert will be held. 三．定语从句与同位语从句的区别。 （1）同位语从句相当于名词，它对其前的名词起补充说明或进一步解释其内容的作用；而定语从句的功能相当于形容词，它对其先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用。 如：The suggestion (that) she has put forward is very good.她提出的建议很好。(定语从句) The suggestion that we clean the classroom by turns is very good.我们轮流打扫教室，这个建议很好。(同位语从句) （2）引导定语从句的that是关系代词，在从句中充当某种成分，作宾语时可省略；而引导同位语从句的that是连接词，在从句中不作任何成分，也不能省略。 如：The fact (that) we talked about is important.我们所谈论的情况很重要。(定语从句，that作从句中介词about的宾语) The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody.他的实验成功了，这使大家很高兴。(同位语从句，that不作任何成分) （3）引导定语从句的when，where是关系副词，不但在句中充当句子成分，还有与其含义相当的先行词；而引导同位语从句的when，where是关系副词，虽可以在从句中充当句子成分，但没有与之含义相当的先行词。 如：Gone forever are the days when  Chinese people were bullied.中国人民受欺侮的时候一去不复返了。 (定语从句，the days与when构成含义相当的搭配关系) I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。(同位语从句，idea与when在含义上没有任何搭配关系) （4）同位语从句的先行词应是表示抽象概念的词，如：idea, belief, conclusion, impression，fact，news，idea，thought，hope，order, suggestion，belief等，而定语从句的先行词是各种抽象概念的词或具体概念的词。 如：He expressed the hope that he would write a novel someday.他表示希望有一天能写小说。（同位语从句） I will never forget the days when we were in Liangxiang together.我永远忘不了我们在良乡的日子。（定语从句） 随堂练习：单选 1.—Is there any possibility _____ you could pick me up at the airport? —No problem. A.if B.that C.where D.which 2.It is often the case______ miracles can happen for those who hang on to hope. A. what B. that C. where D. why 3.The question came up at the meeting ______we had enough money to conduct the research. A.what B.which C.that D.whether 4.Is there any possibility  scientists will find a planet like our earth in the near future? A. that B. which C. what D. whether 5.The BRICS leaders reached a consensus(一致看法) _______ member countries should strengthen mutual cooperation（相互合作）. A. Where B. that C. what D. which 6.We should consider the students' request ________ the school library provide more books on popular science. A. that B. when C. which D. where 7.The opinion ______learning is a lifelong process has been expressed by education experts throughout the years. A.which B.that C.what D.how 8.A story goes ________ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. A. when B. where C. what D. that 9.While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence _______ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. A. that B. in which C. where D. from which 10.Even if there is no scientific proof _____ second-hand smoke causes cancer, there is no reason why non-smokers should be forced to take this risk. A.which B.that C.when D.where 11. I can't stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly. 　 A. it      B. which     C. this       D. that 12. ______ is no possibility ______ Bob can win the first prize in the match.  A. There, that B. It, that C. There, whether D. It, whether 13. I'm looking for my bike. If you have any ideas _____ it might be, please call me. A. where B. what C. when D. how 14. He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing. A.whether B.where C.that D.when  15. I have no idea ____ he will start.  A.when B.that C.what D./. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 同位语从句 一．跟在名词后面起解释说明作用的从句（不缺成分） 如：It is a fact that smoking is a danger to health. 吸烟危害健康，这是事实。 二．连接词：连词that，whether；还有关系代词what, which, who；关系副词how，when，where，why ①连词that，whether引导的同位语从句（不能用if引导同位语从句） 如：The fact that we lack enough phones needs to be considered.我们缺少足够的电话这一事实需要加以考虑。 The question of whether it is right or wrong depends on the result.这个是对还是错要看结果。 注：在suggestion, advice, request, order等意为“建议；命令；要求”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。 如：Our teacher gave us some advice how we (should) use the computer. ②关系代词what, which, who引导的同位语从句 如：The question who should be the first has not been settled.谁应该是第一名的问题还没有定下来。 You can have no idea what he said.你根本想不到他说了些什么。 ③由关系副词how，when，where，why引导的同位语从句 如：I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。 They usually write exact instructions how the music is to be played.他们通常为如何演奏乐曲写出精确的说明。 随堂练习：用适当的连接词填空 1.There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 2.I have no idea what size shoes she wears. 3.The question who will take his place is still not clear. 4.I don't know the question which pen is mine. 5.I have no idea when he will come back. 6.He had no idea why she left. 7.I don't know the question where the concert will be held. 三．定语从句与同位语从句的区别。 （1）同位语从句相当于名词，它对其前的名词起补充说明或进一步解释其内容的作用；而定语从句的功能相当于形容词，它对其先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用。 如：The suggestion (that) she has put forward is very good.她提出的建议很好。(定语从句) The suggestion that we clean the classroom by turns is very good.我们轮流打扫教室，这个建议很好。(同位语从句) （2）引导定语从句的that是关系代词，在从句中充当某种成分，作宾语时可省略；而引导同位语从句的that是连接词，在从句中不作任何成分，也不能省略。 如：The fact (that) we talked about is important.我们所谈论的情况很重要。(定语从句，that作从句中介词about的宾语) The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody.他的实验成功了，这使大家很高兴。(同位语从句，that不作任何成分) （3）引导定语从句的when，where是关系副词，不但在句中充当句子成分，还有与其含义相当的先行词；而引导同位语从句的when，where是关系副词，虽可以在从句中充当句子成分，但没有与之含义相当的先行词。 如：Gone forever are the days when  Chinese people were bullied.中国人民受欺侮的时候一去不复返了。 (定语从句，the days与when构成含义相当的搭配关系) I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。(同位语从句，idea与when在含义上没有任何搭配关系) （4）同位语从句的先行词应是表示抽象概念的词，如：idea, belief, conclusion, impression，fact，news，idea，thought，hope，order, suggestion，belief等，而定语从句的先行词是各种抽象概念的词或具体概念的词。 如：He expressed the hope that he would write a novel someday.他表示希望有一天能写小说。（同位语从句） I will never forget the days when we were in Liangxiang together.我永远忘不了我们在良乡的日子。（定语从句） 随堂练习：单选 1.—Is there any possibility _____ you could pick me up at the airport? —No problem. A.if B.that C.where D.which 2.It is often the case______ miracles can happen for those who hang on to hope. A. what B. that C. where D. why 3.The question came up at the meeting ______we had enough money to conduct the research. A.what B.which C.that D.whether 4.Is there any possibility  scientists will find a planet like our earth in the near future? A. that B. which C. what D. whether 5.The BRICS leaders reached a consensus(一致看法) _______ member countries should strengthen mutual cooperation（相互合作）. A. Where B. that C. what D. which 6.We should consider the students' request ________ the school library provide more books on popular science. A. that B. when C. which D. where 7.The opinion ______learning is a lifelong process has been expressed by education experts throughout the years. A.which B.that C.what D.how 8.A story goes ________ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. A. when B. where C. what D. that 9.While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence _______ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. A. that B. in which C. where D. from which 10.Even if there is no scientific proof _____ second-hand smoke causes cancer, there is no reason why non-smokers should be forced to take this risk. A.which B.that C.when D.where 11. I can't stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly. 　 A. it      B. which     C. this       D. that 12. ______ is no possibility ______ Bob can win the first prize in the match.  A. There, that B. It, that C. There, whether D. It, whether 13. I'm looking for my bike. If you have any ideas _____ it might be, please call me. A. where B. what C. when D. how 14. He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing. A.whether B.where C.that D.when  15. I have no idea ____ he will start.  A.when B.that C.what D./. BBDAB ABDAB DAAAA 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$