必修3 UNIT 1(Word教师用书)-【新高考方案】2025年高考英语一轮总复习（译林版2020）

项目一 背诵单元词汇·充盈“语料库” 一、词块记忆“阅读词汇” 1．the problem of soil protection　 土壤保护问题 2．the South American continent 南美洲大陆 3．the richest biodiversity 最丰富的生物多样性 4．the towering ancient hardwoods 高耸、古老的阔叶树 5．feed on insects 以昆虫为食 6．a tiny army of microorganisms 一小支微生物军队 7．return the nutrients to the earth 让营养素重回土壤之中 8．by fixing carbon 通过固定碳 9．over 20 per cent of all the Earth's oxygen 占全球总量20%以上的氧气 10．such as agriculture and cattle farming 例如农耕和养牛 11．stop climate change 阻止气候变化 12．global issues 全球性问题 13．the greenhouse effect 温室效应 14．a mixture of gases 混合气体 15．two years of severe drought 两年的严重旱灾 16．a travel brochure 一份旅游手册 17．the destruction of wildlife habitat 野生动植物栖息地的破坏 18．a member of the committee 委员会的一名成员 19．the smog in the air 空气中的烟雾 20．the present policy on education 现行的教育政策 21．branches all over the country 全国各地的分部 22．develop a strategy 制订策略 23．a subway station 地铁站 二、词块记忆“核心词汇” 1．overseas students　　　　　 海外留学生 2．one overseas region of France 一块法国的海外领地 3．6 million square kilometres 600万平方千米 4．endangered species 濒危物种 5．protect wildlife 保护野生动植物 6．beneath the ocean's surface 在海平面以下 7．weapons of mass destruction 大规模杀伤性武器 8．all living things 所有生物 9．Thus, it is often known as the “lungs of the planet”．因此，它也常常被称作“地球之肺”。 10．nowhere to hide 无处可藏 11．a local resident 一名当地居民 12．the chief cause of poverty 贫困的主要原因 13．recycle domestic waste 回收利用生活垃圾 14．a former UN official 一位联合国前官员 三、写准用对“变形词汇” 1．harm n．& vt.伤害，损害→harmful adj.有害的；导致损害的→harmless adj.无害的 2．long adj.长的，长时间的→length n．长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长→lengthen v．(使)变长 3．vary v．变化→variety n．不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体→various adj.各种不同的，各种各样的 4．survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难→survivor n．幸存者→survival n．幸存，生存 5．disappear vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→disappearance n．消失；失踪 6．agriculture n．农业，农学→agricultural adj.农业的 7．extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的→extinction n．灭绝，绝种 8．apply v．应用；涉及；申请→application n．应用，运用；申请→applicant n．申请人；求职者 9．organize vt.组织→organization n．组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理 10．absolute adj.绝对的，完全的→absolutely adv.绝对地，完全地；极其 11．entire adj.整个的，完全的，全部的→entirely adv.完全地，全部地，完整地 12．defend vt.保护；保卫→defence n．辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守 13．economy n．经济；节约→economic adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的→economical adj.节约的；经济的 14．poison vt.污染；毒死，毒害 n．毒物，毒药→poisonous adj.有毒的 15．chemistry n．化学→chemist n．化学家→chemical n．化学制品 adj.化学的；化学作用的→chemically adv.(在)化学(性质)上；用化学方法 16．consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的→consequence n．结果，后果；重要性→consequently adv.因此；所以 四、因境而异的“熟词生义或词性活用” 1．impact n．影响，作用；撞击，冲撞→vi.& vt.有影响；冲击 2．damage n．损坏，破坏→vt.损害，伤害 3．belt n．地带，地区；腰带；传送带→v.飞驰；狠打；飞奔；猛击；用带系住 4．track n．踪迹；小道；跑道→n.轨道；路线vt.& vi.跟踪，追踪 5．protest n．抗议，反对→vi.反对，抗议vt.反对；坚持声称，申辩 6．profit n．利润，收益；好处→vi.& vt.获益，得到好处 7．process n．过程，进程；步骤，流程→vt.加工，处理 8．poison n．毒物，毒药→vt.污染；毒死，毒害 9．further adj.更多的，更进一步的 adv.较远，更远；进一步→vt.促进，增进 五、记牢用活“重点短语” 1．a sea of　　　　　　 大量的；大片的 2．(be) alive with 充满，到处都是 3．play a significant part/role in ... 在……中起着重要的作用 4．in length 在长度上 5．do harm to 给……带来/造成危害 6．cut down 砍倒 7．a variety of 各种各样的；大量的 8．feed on 以……为食 9．in turn 相应地，转而 10．break down 使分解(为)，使变化(成) 11．breathe life into 给……带来起色，注入活力 12．due to 由于，因为 13．be home to 是……的栖息地/家园 14．build up 逐渐增加，扩大 15．come up with 想出，想到 16．call for (公开)要求；需要 17．spring to mind 突然记起(或想到) 18．get rid of 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉 19．protest against sth. 反对某事 20．give rise to 使发生(或存在) 项目二 背诵出彩表达·有话“好好说” 一、单元重点句式内外兼修 1．倍数表达法 教材内佳句 With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China. 亚马孙雨林的面积约为600万平方千米，比中国国土面积的一半还要大。 教材外佳句 (北师大版选择性必修1佳句)They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times faster than normal. 他们发现人类活动导致物种灭亡的速度是正常灭亡速度的1 000倍。 2.“介词＋which”引导的定语从句 教材内佳句 The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres in length ... 亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长接近 6 400 千米…… 教材外佳句 ①(2023·全国甲卷书面表达)During his lifetime, he wrote a great number of excellent poems, all of which have a great effect on Chinese culture. 在他的一生中，他写了大量的优秀诗歌，这些诗歌都对中国文化产生了巨大影响。 ②Courage is the ladder on which all the other virtues mount.　勇气是其他所有美德攀登的阶梯。 3.be＋形容词＋enough to do sth. 教材内佳句 This tall and ancient brazil nut tree produces nuts that we can eat; these water lilies are big enough to lie down on. 这棵高大、古老的巴西坚果树结出的坚果我们可以食用；这些睡莲(叶片)大到可以躺在上面。 教材外佳句 (人教版必修2佳句)To our left, snow-covered mountains disappear into clouds that seem almost close enough to touch. 在我们的左方，白雪皑皑的群山消失在似乎触手可及的云层中。 4.现在分词位于句首的倒装句 教材内佳句 Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith, a local resident ... 今晚来到我们演播室的有本地居民詹姆斯·史密斯…… 教材外佳句 Sitting behind the table is an old scientist who will give us a talk on English literature. 坐在桌子后面的是一位老科学家，他要给我们做一个关于英国文学的报告。 二、单元主题佳句纵横拓展 热考主题：人与自然 1．People should raise the awareness of the protection of wild animals. 人们应该提高保护野生动物的意识。 2．In my opinion, measures must be taken to stop the illegal hunting of wild animals. 我认为，必须采取措施制止非法捕杀野生动物。 3．As we all know, with man destroying the natural environment, many animals are endangered. 众所周知，随着人类对自然环境的破坏，许多动物濒临灭绝。 4．Remember to turn off the water taps after finishing washing your clothes and turn off the lights when leaving the classroom. 记得洗完衣服后关掉水龙头，离开教室时关灯。 5．Recycling is of great benefit to our planet because it makes litter into something that we can use again. 回收利用对我们的星球大有裨益，因为它使垃圾变成我们可以再次利用的东西。 6．Only in this way can we ensure the sustainable development of Mother Earth.Let's work together to build a harmonious ecology. 只有这样，我们才能保证地球母亲的可持续发展。让我们共同努力，构建和谐生态。 三、续写高分素材学中悟道 系列背诵(一)形体描写之“腿” But my legs and arms were shaking. Every step felt like that thousands of needles were sinking into my legs. There were three blisters on each of my feet. I couldn't take it. Besides, because my bag was full, I put all my clothes on me, which made me feel very hot. Sweat was dripping down my face. It felt like I was in the Sahara! 高分悟道 本段加黑部分中关于腿部动作的描写，尤其是腿像针扎似的，形象地描绘出了人物疲劳的精神状态。 高分有招 常见的与“腿”相关的高分词块有： drag one's heavy legs　　拖着沉重的双腿 cross one's legs 盘腿 shaky/trembling legs 颤抖的双腿 系列背诵(二) 形体描写之“脚” Weak as she was, she struggled to her feet, continuing searching for assistance. To her great joy, a helicopter was flying overhead again and again. Eager and excited, she waved her yellow blouse and spared no effort to yell so as to attract others' attention. Fortunately, she was eventually noticed and brought into the helicopter. There, she saw her husband staring at her, wearing an expression of relief. 高分悟道 本段中“struggled to her feet”形象地描写出人物虚弱且疲惫的状态，为下文“救援”做了铺垫。 高分有招 常见的与“脚”相关的高分词块有： spring/jump to one's feet　　跳起来 have/keep one's feet on the ground　脚踏实地 set foot in/on 进入，踏上 on one's feet 恢复，痊愈 from head to foot 从头到脚 on tiptoe 踮着脚 一、默写重点单词 1．overseas adj.　　　　 海外的，国外的 adv. 在海外，向国外 2．region n. 地区，区域；行政区 3．million num. 一百万；许多，大量 4．species n．(pl.species) 种，物种 5．wildlife n. 野生动植物，野生生物 6．beneath prep. 在……下面，在……下方； 配不上 7．mass n. 大量；团，块，堆；一大群 adj. 大批的，广泛的 8．living adj. 活着的，活的；在使用的 n. 生计，谋生；生活方式 9．thus adv. 因此，从而；这样 10．impact n. 影响，作用；撞击，冲撞 vi.& vt. 有影响；冲击 11．damage vt.& n. 损害，伤害，损坏，破坏 12．track vt.& vi. 跟踪，追踪 n. 足迹，踪迹；小道；轨道； 跑道；路线 13．resident n. 居民，住户 14．chief n. 首领，最高领导人 adj. 主要的；首席的 15．protest vi. 反对，抗议 vt. 反对；坚持声称，申辩 n. 抗议，反对 16．profit n. 利润，收益；好处 vi.& vt. 获益，得到好处 17．process n. 过程，进程；步骤，流程 vt. 加工，处理 18．recycle vt. 回收利用，再利用 19．former adj. 昔日的，前任的；以前的， 从前的 20．official n. 官员，要员 adj. 公务的；正式的，官方的 21．poverty n. 贫穷，贫困；贫乏 22．further adj. 更多的，更进一步的 adv. 较远，更远；进一步 vt. 促进，增进 二、默写变形词汇 (依据语境提示在横线上写出单词的正确形式) 三、默写重点短语 1．a_sea_of　　　　　　　 大量的；大片的 2．(be)_alive_with 充满，到处都是 3．play_a_significant_part/role_in_... 在……中起着重要的作用 4．in_length 在长度上 5．do_harm_to 给……带来/造成危害 6．cut_down 砍倒 7．a_variety_of 各种各样的；大量的 8．feed_on 以……为食 9．in_turn 相应地，转而 10．break_down 使分解(为)，使变化(成) 11．breathe_life_into 给……带来起色，注入活力 12．due_to 由于，因为 13．be_home_to 是……的栖息地/家园 14．build_up 逐渐增加，扩大 15．come_up_with 想出，想到 16．call_for (公开)要求；需要 17．spring_to_mind 突然记起(或想到) 18．get_rid_of 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉 19．protest_against_sth. 反对某事 20．give_rise_to 使发生(或存在) 词汇1　harm n．& vt.伤害，损害 |题|点|盘|查|———————————————(单句语法填空)　 ①The local government closed down some factories which had done a lot of harm to the environment. ②As we all know, a bad eating habit is harmful (harm) to one's health. ③As far as I'm concerned, there is no harm in making an apology to him first. |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)do/cause harm to sb./sth.　　 对某人/物有害 do/cause sb. harm 对某人有害 there is no harm in doing sth. 做某事没有害处 (2)harmful adj. 有害的 be harmful to 对……有害 (3)harmless adj. 无害的 |应|用|表|达|—————————————(完成句子/一句多译)　 ④(应用文之建议信)There_is_no_harm_in_listening_to_your_parents'_opinions when you have trouble or problems. 当你遇到麻烦或问题时，听一下父母的意见是没有坏处的。 ⑤(应用文之建议信)众所周知，吃太多垃圾食品对你的健康有害。 →It is known to us that eating too much junk food does_harm_to_your_health.(harm n．) →It is known to us that eating too much junk food is_harmful_to_your_health.(harmful) 词汇2　survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难 |题|点|盘|查|—————————(单句语法填空/同义替换)　 ①Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe, surviving entirely on discarded (丢弃) food. ②She remained energetic and survived her husband by 10 years. ③Survivors (survive) of the accident were rushed to the nearest hospital in no time. ④If he couldn't find his way out of the forest, there would be little chance of survival (survive)． ⑤Some strange customs have existed from earlier times.survived |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)survive sth.幸免于；从……中挺过来/活下来 survive on依靠……生存下来 A survive B (by ...) A比B活得长(……) (2)survivor n. 幸存者；生还者 survival n. [U]幸存；[C]残存物 名师指津：survive 表示“活下来，继续存在”时是不及物动词；表示“幸存，幸免于难”时，是及物动词，后面不要加多余的介词in, from等。 |应|用|表|达|—————————————(完成句子/补全语段)　 ⑥(应用文之倡议书)To make sure these beautiful animals are_to_survive,_we should take action right now. 为了确保这些美丽的动物能生存下去，我们应该马上采取行动。 ⑦(续写之心理描写)After_we_survived_that_night,_we were confident that everything else would be all right. 挺过那晚后，我们相信其他一切都会好起来的。 ⑧(续写之场景描写)The hurricane badly_damaged_the_little_town.John was one_of_the_survivors_of_the_disaster. He said it all happened so quickly.There_was_nowhere_to_hide and nowhere to run.Now, his__former_beautiful_home lay beyond recognition, even some in ruins.(要求：用本单元所学词汇补全语段) 飓风严重破坏了这个小镇。约翰是这场灾难的幸存者之一。他说，一切发生得太快了。无处藏身，也无处可逃。现在，他原本美丽的家园已经面目全非，甚至有些已经成了废墟。 词汇3　impact n．影响，作用；撞击，冲撞 vi.& vt.有影响；冲击 |题|点|盘|查|————————————————(单句语法填空)　 ①They say they expect the meeting to have a great impact on the future of the country. ②Her father's death impacted greatly on/upon her childhood years. |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)have/make an impact on/upon sb./sth. 对某人/某物有影响 (2)impact on/upon 对……有影响/作用 |应|用|表|达|————————————————————(完成句子)　 ③(话题写作之环境保护)There is little doubt that man has__had_an_impact_on the Earth's climate.(impact n．) 毫无疑问，人类已经影响了地球的气候。 ④(2023·全国甲卷书面表达)Besides, he proposed the establishment of a national school system, which_made_a_far-reaching_impact_on the Chinese educational system. 此外，他提议建立一个全国性的学校体系，这对中国的教育制度产生了深远的影响。 词汇4　track vt.& vi.跟踪，追踪 n．足迹，踪迹；小道；轨道；跑道；路线 |题|点|盘|查|—————————(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ①The only evidence of pandas living here was their tracks (track) in the snow. ②She had spent years trying to track down the source of the infection. ③It's difficult to keep_track_of all the new discoveries in genetics. 很难做到了解遗传学的全部新发现。 |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)track down　　(经过长时间艰难搜索后)找到 (2)keep track of ...(＝keep/stay in touch with ...) 了解……的动态；与……保持联系 lose track of ...(＝lose/be out of touch with ...)失去……的线索；与……失去联系 track and field 田径运动 |应|用|表|达|—————————————(完成句子/补全语段)　 ④(续写之细节描写)We were told that we had to keep_track_of_our_belongings,_and if something was lost, it was not replaced. 我们被告知必须看好自己的物品，如果弄丢了就没法换了。 ⑤(续写之情节描述)We spent weeks in the library searching for the reference information and keeping_track_of everyone's progress.Sometimes we were so engrossed in our work that we lost_track_of time.But we were still unable to_track_down the source of the problem. 我们花了几个星期的时间在图书馆里查找参考资料，跟踪每个人的进展情况。有时我们太过全神贯注于工作而失去了时间概念，但我们仍然无法找到问题的根源。 词汇5　profit n．利润，收益；好处 vi.& vt.获益，得到好处；对……有用(或有益) |题|点|盘|查|—————————(单句语法填空/同义替换)　 ①Jennifer was totally convinced that she'd profit from/by a more relaxed lifestyle. ②Exercise is profitable (profit) for people of all ages. ③His purpose was to make a profit by improving the company's performance. ④Young people benefit from various kinds of outdoor activities.profit_from |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)make a profit/profits　　 获利 profit from/by ... 从……中获利 (2)non-profit adj. 非营利的 profitable adj. 赢利的；有益的 |应|用|表|达|————————————————————(完成句子)　 ⑤(名言警句)I profit_more_from/by one consultation with you than from ten years of reading. 听君一席话，胜读十年书。 ⑥(应用文之建议信)When you fail in something, profit_from_the_failure as learning experience. 当你做某件事失败时，要把失败当作一种学习经验从中获益。 词汇6　consequence n．结果，后果；重要性 |题|点|盘|查|—————————(单句语法填空/句型转换)　 ①Consequently (consequent), I have every right to believe that my dream university is waving its hand at me. ②If you go on doing this, we won't answer for the consequence. ③Because of bad health, he was unable to attend school regularly. →He was in bad health.As_a_consequence/In_consequence,_he was unable to attend school regularly. →As_a_consequence_of/In_consequence_of bad health, he was unable to attend school regularly. |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)as a consequence/in consequence 因此，结果(在句中作状语) as a consequence of/in consequence of 由于，因为 answer for the consequence　 对后果负责 (2)consequent adj. 随之发生的，作为结果的 consequently adv. 因此，所以 名师指津： (1)表示“因此，结果”时，可使用短语：as a consequence, in consequence, as a result，相当于副词consequently。 (2)表示“由于，因为”时，可使用短语：as a consequence of, in consequence of, as a result of。 |应|用|表|达|—————————————(完成句子/补全语段)　 ④(续写之细节描写)As_a_consequence/In_consequence,_they can't concentrate on their study and tend to be sleepy in class. 因此，他们不能集中精力学习，上课时容易犯困。 ⑤(应用文之演讲稿)The warming of the Earth and the consequent climatic changes have_an_impact_on_us_all.As_a_consequence/In_consequence,_ the greenhouse effect becomes a problem which needs our caution.(要求：用本单元所学词汇补全语段) 地球变暖和随之而来的气候变化对我们所有人都有影响。因此，温室效应成为一个需要我们警惕的问题。 词汇7　break down使分解(为)，使变化(成)；(机器)出故障；(身体)垮掉；(谈判)失败；消除；拆除 |题|点|盘|查|—————————————————(介、副词填空)　 ①Mother broke into my room and told me not to stay up or I would break down. ②I was still sleeping when the fire broke out,_and then it spread quickly. ③Only then did I realize that it was so foolish of me to break away from all of my friends and never contact them. |系|统|归|纳|　 break in　　　　　 强行进入；打断(谈话)，插嘴 break into 闯入，破门而入 break out 爆发，突然发生 break through 突破；克服，战胜 break away (from) 挣脱(束缚)；脱离；摆脱 break off 中断；折断 |应|用|表|达|————————————————————(完成句子)　 ④(应用文之建议信)After all, communication can help_break_down_the_barriers between the young and their parents. 毕竟，交流有助于消除年轻人和父母之间的隔阂。 ⑤(续写之心理描写)She longed to break_in_on_their_conversation but didn't want to appear rude. 她很想打断他们的谈话，但又不愿显得粗鲁。 词汇8　due to由于，因为 |题|点|盘|查|　 　(单句语法填空/同义替换/完成句子) ①It is said that the spaceship is due to_arrive (arrive) three days later. ②This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside, including lower levels of income and education, and fewer sports facilities. ③Because of my English teacher's help, my English scores are always on the top of my class.Due_to ④She is_due_to_complete_her_studies_and_graduate later this year. 她预计今年晚些时候就要完成学业并毕业了。 |系|统|归|纳|　 due adj.　　　　　　　 应得的；应付的；预定的 be due to sb. 应付给某人 be due to do sth. 预定/预期做某事 名师指津： (1)be due to sb.中to为介词；be due to do sth.中to为不定式符号。 (2)表示“因为；由于”的介词短语还有：because of, on account of, as a result of, owing to, thanks to等。 |应|用|表|达|————————————————————(完成句子)　 ⑤(续写之情绪描写)We finally lost the match due_to_a_lack_of_confidence and everyone was terribly depressed. 由于缺乏自信，我们最终输掉了比赛，每个人都沮丧极了。 ⑥(2021·全国乙卷书面表达)Due_to_the_rapid_development_of_the_Internet,_we can take advantage of various online programs for further study. 由于互联网的快速发展，我们可以利用各种在线课程进行进一步的学习。 词汇9　build up逐渐增加，扩大；增强……的体质；建立；开发；积累 |题|点|盘|查|　 　(写出下列句中加黑部分的含义) ①For all these years, I have been working for others.I hope I'll build up my own business some day.建立 ②Outdoor activities are really helpful in building up my body and enriching my school life.增强……的体质 ③If you don't express your feelings, sadness and anger can build up.逐渐增加 |系|统|归|纳|　 pick up　　　 捡起；(无意中)学会；接收；搭载 take up 拿起；开始从事；占据(时间或空间) make up 虚构；弥补；组成 break up 分裂；打碎；结束；解体；分手；放假 |应|用|表|达|————————————————————(完成句子)　 ④(应用文之建议信)The more confidence you_build_up_in_yourself,_the greater are your chances of success. 你树立的自信心越强，成功的机会就越大。 ⑤(主旨升华句)By participating in such activities, we built_up_our_strength,_improved our skills and strengthened our sense of cooperation. 通过参加这些活动，我们强健了体魄，提高了技能，增强了合作意识。 ⑥(话题写作之学校生活)With the help of my teachers and classmates, it didn't take me long to pick_up_the_basic_knowledge_of_the_language. 在老师和同学们的帮助下，我很快就学会了这门语言的基本知识。 词汇10　get/be rid of摆脱，丢弃，扔掉 |题|点|盘|查|—————————(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ①The dentist rid him of the pain by taking out his bad tooth. ②After ten years of hard work, she eventually rid herself (she) of debt. ③I must get_rid_of_this_large_table — it takes up too much room. 我必须把这张大桌子搬走，它占了太多的空间。 |系|统|归|纳|　 rid ...of ...　　　　 去除；清除；消除 rid oneself of ... 摆脱；从……中解脱 |应|用|表|达|————————————————————(完成句子)　 ④(名言警句)It_is_difficult_to_get_rid_of deep-rooted habits.　积习难除。 ⑤(话题写作之人物描写)Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to_rid_the_world_of_hunger. 多亏了他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的斗争中有了更多的办法。 ⑥(话题写作之环保)It's_not_enough_to_get_rid_of raw sewage by pumping it out to sea. 只是将未经处理的污水排入海中了事是不够的。 句式1　“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句 |要|点|解|读|　 (1)在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，关系代词一般用whom(先行词指人)或which(先行词指物)。 (2)“介词＋关系代词”可引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。在限制性定语从句中，介词放在关系代词之前时，关系代词不能省略；但若介词后置，则可用that代替which，用who代替whom，也可省略关系代词。 (3)介词的确定要遵循三点原则： ①根据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定； ②根据定语从句中动词或形容词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定； ③根据定语从句的意义来确定。 (4)某些在从句中充当时间、地点、原因等状语的“介词＋关系代词”结构可以同关系副词when, where, why互换。 |习|练|规|则|———————————————(单句语法填空)　 ①The colourless gas, without which we can't live, is called oxygen. ②This is the teacher from whom we've learnt a lot. ③He has visited the school for several times, in which he has many friends. |应|用|写|美|　 ④(应用文之感谢信)感谢你的帮忙，没有你的帮助我们不可能按时完成工作。 Thank you for your help, without_which_we_could_not_have_finished_the_work_on_time. ⑤(2023·浙江1月高考写作)这是一次宝贵而充实的经历，从中我们学到了很多植物方面的知识。 It was a valuable and enriching experience, from_which_we_acquired_a_lot_of_ knowledge_of_plants. 句式2　倍数表达法 |要|点|解|读|　 倍数表达法的三个基本句型和四个特殊句型： (1)三个基本句型： ①倍数＋as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as； ②倍数＋形容词/副词的比较级＋than； ③倍数＋the＋度量名词(size, length, height, depth, weight, width ...)＋of (2)四个特殊句型： ①倍数＋as many/much＋名词＋as； ②倍数＋more＋名词＋than； ③倍数＋that/those of； ④倍数＋what从句 |习|练|规|则|———————————————(单句语法填空)　 ①There is four times as much water in this pot as in that one. ②There are five times more books in our library than in yours. ③In this workshop, the output of July was 4.5 times that of January. |应|用|写|美|　 ④(续写之景物描写)正在修建的新体育馆将是原来的三倍大。 →The new stadium being built will be three_times_the_size_of the previous one.(size) →The new stadium being built will be three_times_as_big_as the previous one.(as) →The new stadium being built will be three_times_bigger_than the previous one.(比较级＋than) 素养目标——精读真题语篇，阅读多维提能 |对接主题——人与自然| (2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·阅读理解D篇)As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you're lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it's unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild. Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being. The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant's experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.” Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail. Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park.Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break. “We're trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it，” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study. 　　 [真题再做] 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者通过对一项新的研究结果及其过程的描述，向读者介绍了与大自然互动对人类健康的重要性，同时也指出要保护大自然。 1．What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text? A．Pocket parks are now popular. B．Wild nature is hard to find in cities. C．Many cities are overpopulated. D．People enjoy living close to nature. 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find”以及“it's unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild”可知，在城市里很难接触大自然。故B项正确。 2．Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories? A．To compare different types of park-goers. B．To explain why the park attracts tourists. C．To analyze the main features of the park. D．To find patterns in the visitors' summaries. 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第四段第一句话“Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories ... began to emerge.”可知，研究人员这样做是为了从访客的总结材料中找出类别规律。故D项正确。 3．What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5? A．Walking is the best way to gain access to nature. B．Young people are too busy to interact with nature. C．The same nature experience takes different forms. D．The nature language enhances work performance. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第五段所举的例子“the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying ... a fountain on their lunch break”可知，年轻的职业人士周末可以在公园徒步旅行，在工作日可以沿着喷泉散步，用不同的形式去体验自然，即同样的与自然的互动体验会有不同的表现形式。故C项正确。 4．What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn? A．Language study. B．Environmental conservation. C．Public education. D．Intercultural communication. 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据最后一段Kahn的话“And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it”可知，我们在与大自然互动以前需要保护自然，故B项正确。 [多维提能] 一、题型思维建模 推理判断题解题攻略(以第3题为例) 1．警惕易错易误——惯性思维致误 本题易误选A。部分考生受所举例子中反复出现的“walking”的干扰，就误认为这是在描述散步与亲近自然的关系，惯性思维地利用常识，从而误选A项。 2．内化题型技法——围绕文章主旨解题 解答推理判断题时，要从语篇主旨大意出发。通过识别不同文体的篇章组织手法，围绕主旨大意理解作者的写作意图，方能正确作答。 以本题为例，文章主要讲述作者通过对一项新的研究结果及其过程的描述，向读者介绍了与大自然互动的方式和意义，结合第五段所举的例子“the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying ... a fountain on their lunch break”可知，年轻的职业人士周末可以在公园徒步旅行，在工作日可以沿着喷泉散步，用不同的形式去体验自然，即同样的与自然的互动体验会有不同的表现形式。 二、词汇拓展训练 1．因境辨义(写出下列黑体词在文中的词性及含义) ①(熟词生义)As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. v．膨胀 ②(一词多义)After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors.v.留意，注意 ③(一词多义)Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break. n．间歇，小憩 2．词块积累(写出下列词块在文中的汉语意思) ①access to　　　　　　　 能够接触、使用或 进入……的权利或机会 ②focus on 专注于 ③take part in 参加 ④bring ...back into ... 让……回归到…… ⑤interact with 与……互动 三、长难句式破译 If you're lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it's unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild. 抓标志：从属连词if；连接词where；并列连词but；关系代词that 判类型：条件状语从句＋复合句(含一个宾语从句)＋并列连词＋复合句(含一个定语从句) 试翻译：如果你幸运的话，你住的附近可能会有一个袖珍公园，但在城市里找到相对野生的地方是不寻常的。 课时作业(一) Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．On hot evenings, the young couple liked lying on the grass beneath (在……下面) the stars. 2．This region is the home of many species (物种) of wild flowers. 3．The universities have expanded, thus (因此) allowing many more people the chance of higher education. 4．This beautiful old building has been restored to its former (昔日的) glory. 5．After graduating from university overseas (在国外)，she returned to her hometown to grow roses. 6．When he got there, the variety of the wildlife (野生动植物) there surprised him. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．The polluted water from the factory is, of course, harmful (harm) to the environment. 2．They are working hard measuring the length (long) of the river found recently in the forest. 3．I attached a photo to my application (apply) form and sent it to the company. 4．Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (extinct), with only a few elderly speakers left. 5．Everyone in the village was astonished about the disappearance (disappear) of the stone lion in the temple. 6．People's voting habits are influenced by political, social, and economic (economy) factors. 7．The plan will be submitted to the committee for official (office) approval. 8．The survival (survive) of the rare animal in this bad environment is a wonder. 9．These students are often observed to take part in various (vary) sports events in the stadium. 10．When going to the market, people are called on to use the recycled (recycle) bags. Ⅲ.选词填空 a variety of， break down， in danger of， cut down， feed on， due to， build up， be home to， breathe life into， come up with 1．Cut_down the article so as to make it fit the space available on the paper. 2．It is known that animals like tigers which feed_on meat belong to meat-eating animals. 3．It's up to all of us to take measures to protect a_variety_of endangered animals. 4．The Tibetan mountain areas are_home_to antelopes and other rare animals. 5．When food waste breaks_down in a landfill, it produces greenhouse gases which contribute to global warming. 6．The government argues that the new policy is a good way of breathing_life_into the tourism. 7．The aim of those activities is to help students build_up confidence to speak English in public. 8．With the invention of the new kind of robot, many factory workers may be in_danger_of losing their jobs. 9．Keep your eye on these jokers, or you never know what they will come_up_with. 10．Mistakes due_to carelessness may have serious consequences. Ⅳ.多维表达 1．(完成句子)Recycling_waste_materials_is a way of reducing environmental pollution.(动名词作主语) 废物再利用是减少环境污染的一种方式。 2．(完成句子)Doctors worked through the night to_save_the_lives_of_the_injured.(动词不定式作目的状语) 医生们彻夜工作以拯救伤员们的生命。 3．(完成句子)The wetlands are the natural environment, in_which_a_huge_variety_of_ wildlife_lives.(介词＋关系代词) 湿地是多种野生动物生存的自然环境。 4．(一句多译)亚马孙河是世界第二长河，长度约是欧洲的莱茵河(the Rhine)的五倍。 ①The Amazon River is the second longest river in the world, about_five_times_the_length_of_the_Rhine_in_Europe. ②The Amazon River is the second longest river in the world, about_five_times_longer_than_the_Rhine_in_Europe. ③The Amazon River is the second longest river in the world, about_five_times_as_long_as_the_Rhine_in_Europe. 5．Farmland in this area has been completely poisoned by chemicals.What a pity! →It_is_a_pity_that_farmland_in_this_area_has_been_completely_poisoned_by_chemicals.(升级为it作形式主语) Ⅴ.阅读理解 A (2024·嘉兴模拟)As a new mother in 2016, Tash Gorst was scrolling (翻阅) through her phone when she fell down the rabbit hole of reading about plastic pollution. Fast-forward to 2019 and she had opened Gather, an organic zero-waste shop. Customers come to Gather to refill their own containers with everything from rice to beauty products. And it's not only the produce that is sustainable — the shop is powered by renewable energy and financed by a more sustainable bank, while all the units inside have been made from waste materials, mostly by Gorst herself. Zero-waste shops have become an increasingly common feature on the streets in recent years. Wherever they have gone, supermarkets now look set to follow, with Morrisons, Marks & Spencer and Waitrose & Partners all recently agreeing to add refill stations in shops by the end of this year. Meanwhile, Asda has introduced refill aisles (通道) to more of its supermarkets following successful trials. As small startup businesses aiming to make responsible decisions without cutting ethical (道德上的) corners, refill shops tend to be more expensive than supermarkets and chains. Gorst acknowledges that not everyone can afford to buy from them. “But if you can, you should. You'll feel good about the small decision that you've made in contributing to your local economy and doing something that's better for the planet，” she says. Emily Drabble is a regular Gather customer. She buys everything that would “normally be encased in plastic”， from cleaning products to food like pasta, which she puts into glass containers. “When I get home, I love unpacking my shopping, throwing nothing in the bin，” Drabble says. And customers at refill shops get more than just physical goods, notes Gorst. Besides employing four local people, Gather, for example, holds free events, including a monthly book club for reading about sustainability, workshops for kids and so on. “I also see it as a place to bring people together，” she says. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。Tash Gorst开设了一家有助于环境保护的零废物商店，而现在此类生态友好型商店越来越受到人们的欢迎，顾客们不仅可以买到实物商品，还能收获更多。 1．Why does the author mention Gorst's random reading in Paragraph 1? A．To share a parenting experience. B．To offer background information. C．To attach importance to the motivation. D．To show advantages of digital reading. 解析：选B　推理判断题。第一段讲述Tash Gorst开设了一家有助于环境保护的零废物商店，下文则主要讲了零废物商店(包括Gather)的发展情况，由此可知，作者提到Gorst的随意阅读是为了提供背景信息。 2．Which of the following is a significant feature of Gather? A．It is run in an ecologically friendly way. B．It sells sustainable goods at bargain prices. C．It is only favored by customers with a green concept. D．It differs from supermarkets in low-carbon awareness. 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the shop is powered by renewable energy”以及“all the units inside have been made from waste materials, mostly by Gorst herself”可知，该商店以环保为主要特征。 3．What is Drabble's attitude towards refill shops? A．Amused.　　　　　　 B．Critical. C．Objective. D．Enthusiastic. 解析：选D　观点态度题。根据倒数第二段内容，尤其是该段中的“Emily Drabble is a regular Gather customer.”可知，Drabble非常热衷于这种环保商店。 4．What does the example in the last paragraph imply? A．People may regard refill shops as fitness clubs. B．Refill shops ought to share some social responsibilities. C．People can benefit more from refill shops than expected. D．Refill shops need to hold various events to increase sales. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“And customers at refill shops get more than just physical goods”以及“I also see it as a place to bring people together”可知，该段暗示人们在此类商店会有很多意想不到的收获。 B (2024·重庆八中模拟)A study by Stockholm University and ETH Zurich scientists found that all rainwater on Earth is unsafe to drink due to the levels of PFAS (全氟烷基物质), or poisonous chemicals.These PFAS or poisonous chemicals are becoming a part of a future reality that humans must, unfortunately, learn to live with.PFAS were first found in shampoo, packaging, and even makeup but have begun to spread into our Earth.A professor at Stockholm University and lead author of the study, Ian Cousins noted，“There is nowhere on Earth where — the rain would be safer to drink, according to the measurements that we have taken.” Using their study's data, Cousins and his team illustrated that chemical levels in rainwater from remote areas are unsafe and above the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) drinking water guidelines.Within this study, they took rainwater samples, from extremely remote areas like Antarctica or the Tibetan plateau.Although these areas are originally known as being remote and untouched, their PFAS levels are around 14 times higher than the US EPA guidelines. “PFAS have been associated with a range of serious health problems including cancer, childhood behavioral and learning problems, immune system disorders, and high cholesterol (胆固醇)．” Cousins continued by saying，“Based on the latest US guidelines for PFOA (全氟辛酸) in drinking water, rainwater everywhere would be judged unsafe to drink.Although in the industrial world we don't often drink rainwater, many people around the world expect it to be safe to drink and it supplies many of our drinking water sources.” Managing Director of the Food Packaging Forum, Dr Jane Muncke, said, “The vast amounts that it will cost to reduce PFAS in drinking water to levels that are safe based on current scientific understanding need to be paid by the industries producing and using these chemicals.The time to act is now.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，由于PFAS的含量偏高，地球上所有的雨水都不能安全饮用。减少PFAS含量，确保雨水的安全性迫在眉睫。 5．Which of the following is true about PFAS? A．They were initially found in rainwater. B．Their levels affect the security of rainwater. C．They are mainly present in makeup products. D．They will be completely removed in the future. 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，PFAS的水平影响雨水的安全性。 6．Why did researchers take rainwater samples from areas like Antarctica? A．To reveal rainwater is rare in these areas. B．To cut down the spending on rainwater study. C．To confirm the widespread presence of PFAS. D．To measure the quality of rainwater in these areas. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可推知，研究人员从这些地区采集雨水样本是为了证实PFAS的广泛存在。 7．What does the author want to convey in the third paragraph? A．It's time to stop people from drinking rainwater. B．It's necessary to improve the safety of rainwater. C．It's promising to expand drinking water sources. D．It's tough to address PFAS-related health issues. 解析：选B　段落大意题。第三段首句提到，PFAS与一系列严重的健康问题有关；最后一句又提到，世界各地的许多人都希望雨水是安全的，它为我们提供了许多饮用水源。由此可知，作者在第三段想表达提高雨水的安全性是必要的。 8．Which statement will Dr Jane Muncke probably agree with? A．Scientists should be devoted to reducing PFAS. B．Public efforts are required to obtain safe drinking water. C．Some industries should bear the costs of reducing PFAS. D．The chemical industry is responsible for the unsafety of PFAS. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中Jane Muncke所说的话可知，她认为一些行业应该承担减少PFAS的成本。 课时作业(二) Ⅰ.完形填空 (2024·济宁模拟)One snowy night, a pair of beagles (比格犬) was struggling on a rural highway.The father-to-be looked around anxiously, trying to seek __1__ for his dear companion.Frequently he would look at her __2__， feeling guilty she labored along, her way made heavier by the new life growing inside her.They __3__ for a warm, dry place.When her __4__ came, it must not be out here along the roadway. As __5__ would have it, Gus Kiebel, a county wildlife officer, who was driving home from work, spotted the pair.He __6__ to the shoulder of the road immediately. The beagles made no effort to __7__ when Gus bent down and stretched out his hands to them.Gus __8__ their tags (狗牌) by his truck's headlights and tried to ring, but the falling snow __9__ the screen.He placed the dogs in his truck, __10__ his phone and called again.A man answered and instantly grew __11__ when Gus told him why he was calling. “I already gave them away，” the man responded coldly. Obviously, these beagles were __12__.Meeting their large begging eyes, Gus felt his heart __13__.“Putting them back in the snow is out of the __14__，”Gus thought to himself.“I must bring them home.” It's a simple story, but it speaks to the best of our nature: Kindness and love can keep cruelty and cold at __15__. 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了两只被遗弃的小比格犬在雪夜被野生动物保护官员救下的故事。 1．A.shelter　　　　　　　 B．shade C．instructions D．routes 解析：选A　在一个雪夜，这对比格犬在乡间公路上挣扎着，应该是寻找庇护处(shelter)。 2．A.patiently B．helplessly C．fondly D．proudly 解析：选C　这只准爸爸对现在的处境很是担心，对自己的伴侣充满了关爱，所以，看他自己的伴侣时应该是温柔地(fondly)。 3．A.waited B．prepared C．cheered D．longed 解析：选D　这只母比格犬应该是怀着小狗，在这种天气状况下，它们渴望(long)找一个温暖、干燥的地方。 4．A.trouble B．opportunity C．time D．turn 解析：选C　此处指的是这只准妈妈要产小狗的时刻(time)。 5．A.life B．luck C．history D．news 解析：选B　一位乡村野生动物官员开车回家时看到了它们，由此可知，对它们来说幸运(luck)降临了。 6．A.pulled over B．turned up C．headed off D．sped up 解析：选A　根据后文“Gus bent down and stretched out his hands to them”，可知这位野生动物官员弯腰向它们伸出双手，说明他把车停了下来。 pull over“靠边停车”。 7．A.submit B．bark C．struggle D．escape 解析：选D　当Gus弯下腰向比格犬们伸出双手时，它们并没有试图逃跑(escape)。 8．A.tore B．adjusted C．untied D．read 解析：选D　根据常识可知，要获得狗牌上的信息，应该是阅读(read)狗牌。 9．A.colored B．misted C．dusted D．damaged 解析：选B　Gus借着他的卡车前灯阅读了它们的狗牌，并试图打电话，但飘落的雪使屏幕模糊(mist)了。 10．A.dried B．charged C．examined D．grabbed 解析：选A　根据上文可知，手机的屏幕变模糊，所以此处 Gus再打电话时要先擦干(dry)手机。 11．A.persuasive B．defensive C．curious D．grateful 解析：选B　根据下文语境可知，这对狗是被遗弃的，所以听到打电话的原因时，主人会有防御性(defensive)，担心他把狗再送回。 12．A.discovered B．licensed C．identified D．abandoned 解析：选D　根据上文中的“‘I already gave them away，’the man responded coldly.”可知，这对狗是被遗弃(abandon)了。 13．A.racing B．sinking C．aching D．beating 解析：选C　作为野生动物官员，看到狗狗那种祈求的眼神，会觉得心痛(aching)。 14．A.blue B．question C．way D．world 解析：选B　根据语境可知，这么善良的野生动物官员是不会再把这对比格犬放回到雪中的。out of the question意为“不可能的”。 15．A.bay B．hand C．ease D．peace 解析：选A　由本文讲述的故事可知，此处为该故事的寓意：善良和爱使得残酷与寒冷远离我们。keep sb./sth. at bay意为“不让……接近”。 Ⅱ.语法填空 (2024·安阳模拟)According to the fifth Global Biodiversity Outlook report, biodiversity is declining __1__ an alarming rate.As the most biodiverse province in China, southwestern Yunnan is sharing __2__ (it) conservation strategy on the international stage. Seventeen years after the province first __3__ (introduce) the concept of Species with Extremely Small Populations (SESP), Yunnan showcased the achievements in conservation on Dec.16 at a side event of the 15th meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP15) to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity in Montreal, Canada. “We will forever lose the opportunity for future development that some species bring if they go extinction，” says Yang Hua, __4__ worker with the provincial forestry and grassland administration. SESP, __5__ (bring) forward by the province in 2005, was a concept to represent species __6__ were found to be restricted in their geographic distribution and showed weak population __7__ (grow)． Ever since then, the province's conservation efforts __8__ (help) the population of Asian elephants reach around 360, and that of black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys is now 3,800. Sun Weibang, director of the Kunming Botanical Garden, under the Kunming Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, __9__ (recent) said that, during a decade of continuous development, Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations (PSESP) was applied as a model __10__ (conserve) native plants in countries such as Italy, Russia, Mexico, and Iraq. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了云南对野生动植物保护的情况。 1．at　考查介词。表示“以……的速度/比率”，用at a/an ...rate。 2．its　考查代词。修饰名词短语conservation strategy，应用形容词性物主代词its。 3．introduced　考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知，after后跟宾语从句，空处作宾语从句的谓语；主句谓语showcased提示此处应用过去时态，副词first后应用一般过去时态。 4．a/one　考查冠词/数词。此处a worker作“Yang Hua”的同位语，或者用one修饰，表示“一个”。 5．brought　考查非谓语动词。句子的谓语动词是“was”，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，且与其修饰的名词SESP构成动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式。 6．that/which　考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词species，指物，且从句缺少主语，故用关系代词that/which引导。 7．growth　考查名词。此处作动词showed的宾语，所以用名词形式growth，为不可数名词。 8．have helped　考查动词时态和主谓一致。由时间状语“Ever since then”可知，谓语动词用现在完成时；主语中心词efforts为复数，故填have helped。 9．recently　考查副词。修饰动词said应用副词形式，故填recently。 10．to conserve　考查非谓语动词。空处是非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词model；动词conserve和所修饰的名词model之间是同位关系，应用不定式作定语，修饰名词model。 Ⅲ.应用文写作 (2024·重庆名校联盟联考)假定你是某国际学校学生李华，最近你校学生会发起了“绿色地球，从我做起”的主题活动，作为学生会成员，请你为该活动写一封倡议书。内容包括： 1．活动目的； 2．提出建议； 3．发出呼吁。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Dear students， ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ The Students' Union 参考范文： Dear students， With the aim of protecting the environment, we have launched an activity on the theme of “Building a green Earth starts from me”． Though it's an ambitious mission, some simple acts do make a difference.Firstly, you're supposed to save electricity by turning off the electric devices once you stop using them.Secondly, give away your old things such as textbooks that are still in good condition for reuse.Last but not least, you can sort out the garbage so that it can be dealt with more effectively. Every bit counts.Let's join hands and take immediate action from now on. The Students' Union 97 / 201 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$