必修2 UNIT 4(Word教师用书)-【新高考方案】2025年高考英语一轮总复习（译林版2020）

项目一 背诵单元词汇·充盈“语料库” 一、词块记忆“阅读词汇” 1．begin in earnest　　　　　 认真地开始 2．a very pretty butterfly 一只非常美丽的蝴蝶 3．find a shell 找到一个贝壳 4．serve the people heart and soul 全心全意为人民服务 5．the historical context 历史背景 6．in the previous chapter 在前一章 7．at different stages of development 处于不同的发展阶段 8．hold on the great fish all the strain 竭尽全力拽住这条大鱼 9．pull up alongside 靠边停(车) 10．a noble cause 一个崇高的事业 二、词块记忆“核心词汇” 1．awaken sb.　　　　　　　 唤醒某人 2．launch a new warship 下水一艘新军舰 3．contain two elements 包含两个元素 4．a news summary 新闻综述 5．the author of the novel 小说的作者 6．He was busy, therefore he couldn't come. 他忙得很，所以不能来。 7．the upper class 上流社会 8．generation gap 代沟 9．a specific age group 特定的年龄段 10．a mean man 一个小气的人 11．defeat the enemy 打败敌人 12．main topic of conversation 交谈的主要话题 13．with the great tail weaving in the air 巨大的尾巴在海面上绕来绕去 三、写准用对“变形词汇” 1．literary adj.文学的→literature n．文学，文学作品 2．appeal vi.有吸引力；申诉；呼吁 n．吸引力；申诉；呼吁→appealing adj.有感染力的；有吸引力的 3．determine vt.确定；支配；决心 vi.决心→determined adj.坚定的；坚决的；果断的→determination n．决心；果断；决定 4．significant adj.有重要意义的，显著的→significance n．意义；重要性 5．describe vt.描述；形容；把……称为→description n．描述，形容，说明 6．sense n．感觉，意识；感觉官能→sensitive adj.感觉敏锐的；体贴的；敏感的；灵敏的 7．reflect vt.& vi.反映，显示；映出(影像)；反射(声、光、热等)；沉思→reflection n．反映；显示；表达 8．capable adj.有能力，有才能；能力强的→capability n．能力；才能→incapable adj.没有能力 9．permanent adj.永久的；永恒的；长久的→permanence n．永久，持久性 10．universe n．宇宙；世界→universal adj.普遍的，共同的；普遍存在的→universally adv.普遍地 11．particular adj.特别的，格外的；特指的；挑剔的→particularly adv.特殊地；特别地 12．collect vt.收集→collection n．(同类)收藏品；作品集； 募捐 13．transport vt.运输，运送 n．交通运输系统；交通车辆；运输→transportation n．交通；运输 14．generous adj.慷慨的，大方的→generosity n．慷慨，大方，宽宏大量 15．poem n．诗→poet n．诗人→poetry n．诗集，诗歌 16．biography n．传记，传记作品→autobiography n．自传 17．extreme adj.极端的；极度的→extremely adv.极其，非常，极端 18．destroy vt.摧毁，毁灭，破坏→destructive adj.引起破坏的；破坏性的→destruction n．摧毁；毁灭；破坏 19．straight adj.直的；整洁的；直率的 adv.笔直地；直接，径直；坦率地→straighten vt.挺直；(使)变直，变正 20．accomplish vt.完成→accomplishment n．成就；完成 21．confuse vt.使困惑→confused adj.糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的→confusing adj.令人困惑的；难懂的→confusion n．困惑 四、因境而异的“熟词生义或词性活用” 1．appeal n．吸引力；申诉；呼吁→ vi.有吸引力；申诉；呼吁 2．feature n．特色，特征→vt.以……为特色，是……的特征 3．issue n．重要议题，争论的问题 →n.问题，担忧；(报刊)一期 vt.宣布，公布 4．novel n．(长篇)小说→adj.新颖的；与众不同的；珍奇的 5．collection n．(同类)收藏品；作品集→n.募捐 6．section n．部分，部门→n.部件，散件 7．transport n．& vt.运输，运送→n.交通运输系统；交通车辆 8．defeat n．失败，战败；击败→vt.击败，战胜 9．attempt n．努力，尝试，试图→vt.努力，尝试，试图 10．flash n．闪光；闪现→vt.& vi.(使)闪光；(使)闪现 五、记牢用活“重点短语” 1．devote oneself to　　　 致力于，专心于，献身于 2．with wonder 惊奇地 3．a range of 一系列，各种 4．in store (for sb.) 即将发生(在某人身上)， 等待着(某人) 5．in summary 总的来说 6．draw on 凭借，利用 7．ought to 应该，应当 8．in particular 尤其，特别 9．clear up (头脑)清醒；使整洁，清理 10．be on the point of doing sth.　 正要做某事 11．appeal to 吸引 12．be capable of 能够，可以 13．all the more 更加 14．look through 浏览 15．reflect on 反思，仔细思考 16．come on 来呀，快点 17．hold up 支持住，挺住；举起；延迟 18．lie in 在于 19．take on 具有；呈现；承担 20．make an effort to do 努力做…… 项目二 背诵出彩表达·有话“好好说” 一、单元重点句式内外兼修 1．be doing ...when ... 教材内佳句 A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear. 孩子和男人在海滩上散步，孩子发现了一枚贝壳，把它放到了耳边。 教材外佳句 ①(2023·浙江1月高考写作)I was standing by the car when a hummingbird flew to the center of our group and began hovering overhead. 我正站在车旁，这时一只蜂鸟飞到我们中央，开始在空中盘旋。 ②(人教版必修1佳句)I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. 我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭，突然海水开始灌进房子。 2.what引导主语从句 教材内佳句 What amazed the child was not a new world, but the unnoticed music of the old. 让孩子为之惊奇的其实不是一个新世界，而是旧世界那被人忽视的乐音。 教材外佳句 ①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)What concerns me is that the method may not be effective for everyone as each student's oral ability is different. 我担心的是，由于每个学生的口语能力不同，这种方法可能不是对每个人都有效。 ②(2022·浙江1月高考写作)What I can still recall is the enjoyable time we spent together, although a week has passed since you returned home. 尽管你已经回家一周了，我依然记得我们一起度过的快乐时光。 3.point作先行词，后接where引导的定语从句 教材内佳句 In a word, we have now reached a point where we wish to enjoy and understand literature. 总之，我们现在已经到了想要欣赏和理解文学的阶段。 教材外佳句 (2022·全国甲卷书面表达)Now we have reached a point where we should realise the critical role that oceans play in the world. 现在到了我们应该认识到海洋在世界上发挥着关键作用的时候了。 4.否定副词置于句首引起的部分倒装 教材内佳句 Never have I seen a greater, or more beautiful, or a calmer or more noble thing than you, brother. 我从没见过比你更巨大、更美丽、更冷静或者更高贵的东西，老兄。 教材外佳句 ①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)Never have I expected that I could win the first prize in the writing contest. 我从没想过我能在写作比赛中获得一等奖。 ②(外研版选择性必修2佳句)Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants，including royal penguins, king penguins, and elephant seals, existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years. 他们也不难想象出，数千年来，包括帝企鹅、王企鹅和象海豹在内的当地动物是如何与其自然栖息地完美地和谐共存的。 5.with复合结构 教材内佳句 The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail weaving in the air. 鱼正正身子，又慢慢地游开，大尾巴在海面上绕来绕去。 教材外佳句 (2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)With a smile on his face, he told me that he was proud of my wonderful performance. 他面带微笑地告诉我，他为我的出色表现感到自豪。 二、单元主题佳句纵横拓展 热考主题：文学作品 1．I have much pleasure in recommending The Book of Songs to you, which is the earliest general collection of ancient Chinese poems. 我很高兴向你推荐《诗经》，中国古代最早的诗歌总集。 2．Red Sorghum is written by Mo Yan, the first Chinese writer who won the Nobel Prize for Literature. 《红高粱》是由莫言创作的，他是第一个获得诺贝尔文学奖的中国作家。 3．As we all know, William Shakespeare is one of the greatest poets and playwrights all over the world. 众所周知，威廉·莎士比亚是全世界最伟大的诗人和剧作家之一。 4．This is a novel by the English author Daniel Defoe, published in 1719. 这是一部由英国作家丹尼尔·笛福创作，于1719年出版的小说。 5．The novel vividly reflects the society at that time. 这部小说生动地反映了当时的社会。 6．The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has always been considered as one of the greatest works in American literature. 《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》一直被认为是美国文学史上最伟大的作品之一。 三、续写高分素材学中悟道 系列背诵形体描写之“腰” With the wind roaring angrily and the raincoat dancing, I felt warm and secure inside. Mom bent forward and pedaled (骑自行车) with all her strength, her waist twitching (抽动) with tension. I started to feel guilty of my coldness, tears welling up in my eyes. Quietly, I slipped my hands around Mom's waist and gently pressed my face against her back. In the crying wind and pouring rain, I found myself hugging my mother, tighter than ever. 高分悟道 本段中使用了“bent forward, her waist twitching with tension, around Mom's waist”等词块描述了作者的母亲载着作者在风雨中奋力骑车的画面，表达了作者的母亲不畏困难的伟大母爱。 高分有招 常见的与“腰”相关的高分词块有： bend one's back　　　弯腰 stretch one's back 伸懒腰 one's arms encircle/put one's arms around one's waist 双臂搂着腰 一、默写重点单词 1．awaken vt.& vi.　　 唤起，被唤起；(使)醒来 2．launch vt. 使(船)下水；开始从事，发动 3．contain vt. 包含，含有，容纳 4．summary n. 总结，概括，概要 5．feature n. 特色，特征 vt. 以……为特色，是……的特征 6．author n. 作者，作家 7．therefore adv. 因此，所以 8．issue n. 重要议题，争论的问题； 问题，担忧；(报刊)一期 vt. 宣布，公布 9．specific adj. 特定的；明确的，具体的 10．mean adj. 吝啬的，小气的；不善良的 11．topic n. 话题；题目；标题 12．defeat vt. 击败，战胜 n. 失败，战败；击败 13．attempt vt.& n. 努力，尝试，试图 14．flash n. 闪光；闪现 vt.& vi. (使)闪光；(使)闪现 二、默写变形词汇 (依据语境提示在横线上写出单词的正确形式) 三、默写重点短语 1．devote_oneself_to　　　 致力于，专心于，献身于 2．with_wonder 惊奇地 3．a_range_of 一系列，各种 4．in_store_(for_sb.) 即将发生(在某人身上)， 等待着某人 5．in_summary 总的来说 6．draw_on 凭借，利用 7．ought_to 应该，应当 8．in_particular 尤其，特别 9．clear_up (头脑)清醒；使整洁，清理 10．be_on_the_point_of_doing_sth.　 正要做某事 11．appeal_to 吸引 12．be_capable_of 能够，可以 13．all_the_more 更加 14．look_through 浏览 15．reflect_on 反思，仔细思考 16．come_on 来呀，快点 17．hold_up 支持住，挺住；举起；延迟 18．lie_in 在于 19．take_on 具有；呈现；承担 20．make_an_effort_to_do 努力做…… 词汇1　appeal vi.有吸引力；申诉；呼吁 n．吸引力；申诉；呼吁 |题|点|盘|查|———————————————(单句语法填空)　 ①Sport has become an important form of entertainment，appealing (appeal) to men and women. ②After all, not everybody thinks running, jumping or ball games appealing (appeal)． ③Although he lives a poor life, he never appeals to us for mercy. ④The short film will help us students know the school's history better and make an appeal to us to_make (make) contributions to our school's development. |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)appeal to sb.对某人有吸引力；使某人感兴趣 appeal to sb.for ...为……向某人呼吁或请求 appeal to sb.to do sth. 恳求/呼吁某人做某事 (2)make an appeal to sb.for ...为……向某人呼吁或请求 make an appeal to sb.to do sth. 呼吁/恳求某人做某事 (3)appealing adj.有吸引力的；令人感兴趣的 |应|用|表|达|——————————————(完成句子/一句多译)　 ⑤(应用文之推荐信)This book will appeal_to_anyone who insists on finding the deepest meaning for their existence. 这本书将吸引那些坚持寻找生命深刻意义的人。 ⑥(应用文之倡议书)因此，我们呼吁人人爱护我们的地球，保护环境。 →Therefore, we make_an_appeal_to_everyone_to_love our planet and protect the environment. →Therefore, we _appeal_to_everyone_to_love our planet and protect the environment. 词汇2　determine vt.确定；支配；决心 vi.决心 |题|点|盘|查|————————(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ①Write a poem about how courage, determination(determine), and strength have helped you face challenges in your life. ②He determined on/upon facing the failure bravely rather than escaping from reality. ③(2021·浙江6月高考写作)It was at that time that I determined_to_go_on_working_ on_the_farm so that I could help support my family. 就在那时我决定继续在农场工作，以便能帮助养活我的家人。 |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)determine to do ...　　 决定做……(表示动作) determine on/upon (doing) sth.　 决定(做)某事 (2)determined adj. 坚决的；有决心的 be determined to do ... 决心做……(表示状态) (3)determination n. 决心；决定 with determination 坚决地 名师指津：be determined to do在句中作状语或定语时，应用determined to do sth.。 |应|用|表|达|——————————————(完成句子/句式升级)　 ④(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)Where I once felt like giving up, I now have_the_determination_to_move_on. 在我曾经想要放弃的地方，现在我有了继续前进的决心。 ⑤(2021·全国甲卷书面表达)I'm determined to organize the theme class meeting wonderfully, so I am writing to ask you for advice on which traditional Chinese culture attracts foreigners most. →Determined_to_organize_the_theme_class_meeting_wonderfully,_I am writing to ask you for advice on which traditional Chinese culture attracts foreigners most.(用过去分词短语作状语升级) 词汇3　significant adj.有重要意义的，显著的 |题|点|盘|查|————————(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ①Last but not least, it is also very significant (significance) for us students to keep healthy. ②By participating in this activity，I have become aware of the significance (significant) of showing respect for the old. ③I_attach_great_significance_to_working_out_at_school，so we students must have PE classes actively and punctually. 我认为在学校锻炼身体很重要，因此我们学生必须积极并按时上体育课。 |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)It is significant that ... ……很明显/很重要 (2)significance n. 重要性；意义 be of (great/no/little) significance to ... 对……(很/不)重要 attach (great) significance to ... 认为……(很)重要 (3)significantly adv. 重要地 名师指津：be of significance＝be significant，即be of＋抽象名词＝be＋adj.，该用法还常用于value, use, help, importance等抽象名词。 |应|用|表|达|—————————————(完成句子/补全语段)　 ④(话题写作之节日)No matter how the Spring Festival customs change, they_are_still_very_significant_for the Chinese people. 无论春节习俗如何变化，它们对中国人民来说仍然有重大意义。 ⑤(话题写作之遗产保护)Cultural relics are_of_great_significance_to_us,_ which represent_our_historic_culture and help us learn about what happened in the past.But more and more cultural relics are_facing_the_danger_of_disappearing.So we have_determined_to_appeal_to_the_local_government to take measures to protect the cultural relics.(要求：用本单元所学词汇补全语段) 文化遗产对我们意义重大，它们代表着我们的历史文化，能够帮助我们了解过去发生的事情。但是现在越来越多的文化遗产正面临着消失的危险。因此我们决定呼吁当地政府采取措施保护文化遗产。 词汇4　description n．描述，形容，说明 |题|点|盘|查|————————(单句语法填空/句型转换)　 ①His vivid description (describe) of country life quickly became popular, which established his reputation as one of America's greatest writers. ②Can you describe your new school to me? ③The man describes himself as an artist. ④Words can't describe her beauty. →Her beauty is beyond_description. |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)beyond description　　 无法形容，无法描述 (2)describe vt. 描述；形容；把……称为 describe sth.to sb. 向某人描述某事 describe ... as ... 把……描述为/称为…… |应|用|表|达|————————————————————(完成句子)　 ⑤(续写之景物描写)Reaching as far as the eye can see, these terraces cover tall mountains, and the_scenery_here_is_beautiful_beyond_description. 目之所及，梯田包裹着巍峨的高山，这儿的风景美得难以形容。 ⑥(比喻修辞)Yu Guangzhong described_his_hometown_as_a_narrow_ticket,_which always calls for wanderers to return home. 余光中把故乡描述为一张窄窄的船票，一直在呼唤游子归航。 词汇5　reflect vt.& vi.反映，显示；映出(影像)；反射(声、光、热等)；沉思；思考 |题|点|盘|查|————————(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ①Usually a child's behaviour is a reflection (reflect) of his family relationship and growth environment. ②On dark nights, children should wear reflective (reflect) clothes. ③It seems beautiful that the tall buildings are_reflected (reflect) in the lake around which there are many trees. ④Only if you spend time reflecting_on/upon_your_life_and_work will you have a bright future. 你只有花时间反思自己的生活和工作，才会有一个光明的未来。 |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)reflect on/upon　　　　 认真思考 be reflected in 倒映在；反映在 (2)reflection n. 显示；反映 on/upon reflection 经再三考虑 be lost in reflection 陷入深思中 (3)reflective adj. 沉思的；深思的； 反光的；典型的 名师指津：reflect作“认真思考，沉思，考虑”讲时，应用reflect on/upon sth.或“reflect＋从句”的形式。 |应|用|表|达|——————————————(完成句子/补全语段)　 ⑤(续写之景物描写)As the small boat moved gently along the river, the mountains were_silently_reflected_in_the_water.　当小船沿着河流轻轻地移动时，群山静静地倒映在水中。 ⑥(续写之场景描写)The windows were shining in the reflected_rays_of_the_setting_sun.The little boy was sitting by the window, reflecting_on_what_to_do at the coming weekend. 窗户上闪耀着落日的余晖。小男孩正坐在窗边，思考着在即将到来的周末要做什么。 词汇6　contain vt.包含，含有，容纳；控制 |题|点|盘|查|————————(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ①She could hardly contain herself (her) when she opened the parcel. ②He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing (contain) the best advice I've ever had. ③Remove the banana skin and place them in plastic bags or containers (contain) and freeze. ④When he saw the scene, he could not contain_himself_with_anger. 当他看到这一幕时，他不禁火冒三丈。 |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)contain oneself　　　　　　 克制自己 (2)container n. 容器；集装箱；货柜 (3)sth.included/including sth. 包括某物 易混辨析： ①contain指包含全部内容或数量，也可指里面所包含的成分；不用于进行时态；表示“容纳”时相当于 hold。 ②include用于表示所包含事物中的一部分，其后的宾语往往是主语的一部分。including 为介词，放在所包括的事物之前；included为形容词，放在被修饰的名词之后。 |应|用|表|达|——————————————(完成句子/补全语段)　 ⑤(续写之情绪描写)Unable_to_contain_his_anger,_ he stormed out of the room, slamming the door furiously behind him. 他无法控制自己的愤怒，气得冲出房间，狠狠地将门摔在身后。 ⑥(续写之细节描写)There is a large fruit plate on the table.It_contains_many_kinds_ of_fruits,_which are all her favorite, including_pineapples/pineapples_included. 桌子上摆着一个大水果盘，里面盛着许多种水果，都是她最喜欢的，其中包括菠萝。 词汇7　attempt vt.& n．努力，尝试，试图 |题|点|盘|查|———————————————(单句语法填空)　 ①A man who is related to last night's attempted(attempt) murder is being questioned. ②It is said that Australian scientists are making fresh attempts at explaining (explain) climate change. ③Personally speaking，parents are making an attempt to protect their kids by giving whatever they require. |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)attempt to do sth.　　 努力做某事，试图做某事 (2)make an attempt to do/at doing sth.　 试图做某事 at the first attempt＝at one's first attempt 第一次尝试 in an attempt to do sth. 试图做某事 (3)attempted adj. 未遂的；企图的 |应|用|表|达|—————————————(完成句子/一句多译)　 ④(应用文之申请信)Hearing you are hosting a Chinese painting exhibition, I_attempt_to_apply_to_be_a_volunteer for the event. 得知你们要举办中国画展览，我打算申请成为这次活动的志愿者。 ⑤(续写之动作描写)在接下来的几天里，我们尝试到处寻找我们的爱犬Spotty，但都是徒劳。 →In the next few days, we attempted_to_search_for our beloved dog Spotty in each and every corner, but in vain.(attempt v．) →In the next few days, we made_an_attempt_to_search_for/at_searching_for our beloved dog Spotty in each and every corner, but in vain.(attempt n．) 词汇8　confused adj.糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的 |题|点|盘|查|—————————(单句语法填空/同义替换)　 ①His writing is so confusing (confuse) that it's difficult to make out what he is trying to express. ②I always confuse you with/and your sister — you look so alike. ③To avoid confusion (confuse), please write the children's names clearly on all their school clothes. ④For example, there are a lot of reference books which I am often puzzled to choose from.confused |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)be/get confused by/about　 对……感到困惑 (2)confuse vt. 使迷惑；使糊涂 confuse A with/and B 把A与B混淆 (3)confusing adj. 难以理解的，令人困惑的 confusion n. 困惑；混乱 名师指津：be/get confused by/about 在句中作非谓语时，常用 confused by/about ...。 |应|用|表|达|—————————————(完成句子/句式升级)　 ⑤(续写之情绪描写)The_firefighters_were_confused_at_first,_but after listening to me explain everything, they accepted my offer pleasantly. 消防员起初很困惑，但听我解释完一切后，他们就愉快地接受了我的提议。 ⑥(续写之情绪描写)He was confused about the present situation so he was at a loss what to do next. →Confused_about_the_present_situation,_he was at a loss what to do next.(用分词作状语升级) 词汇9　devote oneself to致力于，专心于，献身于 |题|点|盘|查|———————————————(单句语法填空)　 ①It is his devotion (devote) to his learning that enables him to attain a doctor's degree. ②Amanda often devotes her spare time to helping (help) others. ③As a devoted (devote) daughter, she dressed herself as a man to serve in the army in place of her father. ④(2022·浙江1月高考写作)I decided to devote myself (I) to the task of working with the subjects, while he developed the scientific model. |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)devote vt.　　　　　　 致力，专心，献身 devote ...to ... 把……奉献于……； 把……专注于…… be devoted to ... 专心于……；奉献于…… (2)devoted adj. 挚爱的；忠诚的 (3)devotion n. 忠诚；挚爱；奉献 名师指津： (1)以上短语中的to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。 (2)用作非谓语，在句中作状语时，devote ...to ...用devoting ...to ...的形式，be devoted to ...用devoted to ...的形式。 |应|用|表|达|————————————————————(句式升级)　 ⑤(2023·全国甲卷书面表达)Lin Qiaozhi devoted herself to tending patients and didn't retire until the day she died, 22 April 1983. →Devoting_herself_to_tending_patients,_Lin Qiaozhi didn't retire until the day she died, 22 April 1983.(用动词-ing形式作状语) →Devoted_to_tending_patients,_Lin Qiaozhi didn't retire until the day she died, 22 April 1983.(用动词-ed形式作状语) 句式1　be doing ...when ... |要|点|解|读|　 (1)be doing ...when ... 正在做……，这时…… be about to do ...when ...＝be on the point of doing ...when ... 正要做……，这时…… had (just) done ...when ... 刚做完……，这时…… (2)这些句式中when是并列连词，相当于and at that/this time。 |习|练|规|则|————————————————————(变换句式)　 ①She was walking along the bank of the river, and at that time she heard a cry for help. →She was_walking_along_the_bank_of_the_river_when she heard a cry for help. ②Having just finished my homework, I was ordered to do some housework. →I had_just_finished_my_homework_when I was ordered to do some housework. |应|用|写|美|　 ③(2023·浙江1月高考写作)我正要离开，这时蜂鸟出现了。 I_was_just_about_to_leave_when the hummingbird appeared. ④(续写之动作描写)我正要进餐馆时突然想到我还没有锁上汽车。 I_was_about_to_go_into_the_restaurant_when it occurred to me that I had not locked the car. ⑤(续写之动作描写)我正在脑海中组织语言，这时我旁边的女孩用胳膊肘推了我一下。 I was_organizing_my_words_in_my_head_when the girl next to me gave me a nudge. 句式2　with复合结构 |要|点|解|读|　 (1)“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的复合结构常在句中作状语，有时也可作定语。用法如下： (2)在“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中，不定式表示将来的动作；现在分词说明这一动作和前面的宾语之间是主动关系，且指这一动作正在进行；过去分词说明这一动作与前面的宾语之间是被动关系，且指这一动作已完成。 |习|练|规|则|————————————————————(变换句式)　 ①Because a guide will show us around the scenic spots, we're sure to have a good time. →With_a_guide_to_show_us_around_the_scenic_spots,_we're sure to have a good time. ②He concentrated his mind on his work and didn't notice what was happening outside. →With_his_mind_concentrated_on_his_work,_he didn't notice what was happening outside. |应|用|写|美|　 ③(续写之景物描写)公园里充满了春天的清新和美丽，阳光明媚，鸟儿歌唱。 The park was full of freshness and beauty of spring, with_the_sun_shining_and_birds_singing. ④(续写之心理描写)在这么令人害怕的情况下没有一个可以求助的人，她感到很无助。 With_no_one_to_turn_to in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless. 素养目标——精读真题语篇，阅读多维提能 |对接主题——文学作品| (2023·全国甲卷·阅读理解C篇)I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder's Sophie's World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学)． That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you — and then try to explain them. Eric Weiner's The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy. Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher's work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life. He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation. The Socrates Express is a fun，sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire，loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear：Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It's worth your time, even if time is something we don't have a lot of. 　 [真题再做] 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章重点介绍了哲学著作《苏格拉底快车》。该书语言幽默，通俗易懂，却能让读者深层次地思考日常生活中的欲望、孤独等哲学问题。 1．Who opened the door to philosophy for the author? A．Foucault.　　　　 B．Eric Weiner. C．Jostein Gaarder. D．A college teacher. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段首句和第一段尾句可知，Jostein Gaarder的《苏菲的世界》把作者带进了一个哲学的世界。故Jostein Gaarder为作者打开了哲学大门。 2．Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4? A．To compare Weiner with them. B．To give examples of great works. C．To praise their writing skills. D．To help readers understand Weiner's book. 解析：选D　推理判断题。通读第四段，特别是该段尾句可知，在列举了几位伟大的哲学家后，作者指出，这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书，更是一本关于学习如何运用哲学来改善生活的书。据此可以推知，作者列举几位伟大的哲学家是为了帮助读者更好地理解Weiner的这本书。 3．What does the author like about The Socrates Express? A．Its views on history are well-presented. B．Its ideas can be applied to daily life. C．It includes comments from readers. D．It leaves an open ending. 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段的首句可知，《苏格拉底快车》是一本有趣而尖锐的书，它因通俗易懂而吸引读者，并逐渐将他们带入对欲望、孤独和衰老的更深层次的思考。结合常识可以推知，《苏格拉底快车》的思想可以用于日常生活中，故B项正确。 4．What does the author think of Weiner's book? A．Objective and plain. B．Daring and ambitious. C．Serious and hard to follow. D．Humorous and straightforward. 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第五段的“he does so with plenty of humor”及尾段第一句可知，《苏格拉底快车》因语言幽默且通俗易懂而吸引读者，并逐渐将他们带入对欲望、孤独和衰老的更深层次的思考。据此可以推知，Weiner的书幽默且易懂，故D项正确。 [多维提能] 一、题型思维建模 　观点类推理判断题解题攻略(以第4题为例) 1．警惕易错易误——断章取义 本题易误选C。部分考生根据第二段的“Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster ... and then try to explain them.”就误认为这本书是严肃且难以遵循的，从而误选C项。 2．内化题型技法——分析概括作者的观点态度 解答观点类推理判断题时，要学会分析概括文中能体现作者观点态度的词汇。作者的观点态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间，常用一些形容词、副词和动词来表达。 以本题为例，根据第五段“he does so with plenty of humor”中的humor及尾段第一句中的simplicity可知，《苏格拉底快车》因语言幽默且通俗易懂而吸引读者，并逐渐将他们带入对欲望、孤独和衰老的更深层次的思考。据此可以推知，Weiner的书幽默且易懂。 二、词汇拓展训练 1．因境辨义(写出下列黑体词在文中的词性及含义) ①(一词多义)Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you — and then try to explain them.v.扼杀；终止 ②(熟词生义)The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche.n.阅读 ③(熟词生义)The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging.v.吸引 2．词块积累(写出下列词块在文中的汉语意思) ①be new to　　　　　　 对……新鲜 ②bring me into a world of philosophy 带我进入哲学的世界 ③in the process 在这个过程中 ④pick up 拿起 ⑤take his offer 接受他的提议 三、长难句式破译 It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. 抓标志：关系代词that；并列连词so 判类型：复合句(含有一个定语从句)＋并列连词＋简单句 试翻译：书里充满了对我来说很新鲜的想法，所以我整个夏天都在埋头读那本书。 课时作业(一) Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．After crossing the two points where his previous attempts (尝试) had ended, Reeves entered an unknown area. 2．Try not to lean against anything and straighten (挺直) your back. 3．The most distinguishing feature (特色) of Korean food is the spiciness. 4．Ancient people recorded what had happened by means of carving varieties of symbols with specific (特定的) meanings onto shells or bones. 5．Some of us are sensitive (敏感的) to smells, while others find colours easier to remember. 6．You are so warm-hearted that you launched (发起) a campaign to donate food and clothes to people in need. 7．My father is very worried because he lost a file which contains (包含) a lot of important information. 8．A person's success lies in changing himself instead of defeating (击败) others. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．It is universally (universal) acknowledged that life is made up of not only storms but also sunshine. 2．Especially interesting is making dumplings，which I think is particularly (particular) attractive to you. 3．It is well-known that the beauty of West Lake in Hangzhou is beyond description (describe)． 4．My aim is to try out for a talent show to prove that even a person with no arms is capable of playing the piano. 5．We all complain about the loss of the quality of life through the destruction (destroy) of our ecology. 6．The scientist thinks his invention is of great significance (significant), because it is significant to cure the patients of deadly diseases. 7．His previous album is a reflection (reflect) of his love for classical music and his satisfaction with his life. 8．It's an amazing accomplishment (accomplish) that she should accomplish by herself. Ⅲ.选词填空 devote oneself to, clear up, in store for, in summary, a range of, reflect on, draw on, in particular, be on the point of, appeal to 1．There is a big surprise in_store_for you when you return home. 2．With his help, I went through the hardest time and devoted_myself_to the piano at last. 3．The government appealed_to the public to remain calm in case of emergency. 4．Now, when I reflect_on my adolescence, I can see how absurd and funny it was. 5．I was_on_the_point_of having dinner when the phone rang. 6．Sorry, the place is so messy; I haven't had time to clear_up. 7．In_summary,_I think it's very important to pay attention to our surrounding environment. 8．He drew_on his experience as a climber to make a documentary programme. 9．Sound engineers use a_range_of techniques to enhance the quality of the recordings. 10．The company has launched several types of cars this year, and one in_particular appeals to the young. Ⅳ.多维表达 1．(完成句子)This morning I was_walking_on_the_street_when I saw that two travellers were reading a map, looking puzzled. 今天早晨我正在大街上走，就在那时我看见两名游客正在困惑地看着地图。 2．(完成句子)What_upset_me_most was that Kelley just ignored me.Loneliness began to flood in.(主语从句) 最让我心烦的是凯莉不理我，孤独如潮水般涌来。 3．(完成句子)In_front_of_our_teaching_building_stand_two_big_trees,_which add to the beauty of our school.(完全倒装) 在我们的教学楼前面矗立着两棵大树，它们使得我们的校园更加美丽。 4．(完成句子)Then I got to the point where I was staying up really late at night to get my work done. 然后，我到了一个晚上熬夜到很晚来完成工作的地步。 5．(一句多译)全身心地投入训练之中，她最终成为世界上最好的游泳运动员之一。 ①Devoting_herself_to_the_training,_she finally became one of the world's best swimmers.(用现在分词短语作状语) ②Devoted_to_the_training,_she finally became one of the world's best swimmers.(用过去分词短语作状语) 6．I will never forget the accident that happened in my childhood, which left a deep impression on me. →Never_will_I_forget_the_accident that happened in my childhood, which left a deep impression on me.(升级为倒装句) 7．Many people accompanied the old lady during the festival.She felt very happy. →With_many_people_accompanying_her_during_the_festival,_the old lady felt very happy.(with复合结构) Ⅴ.阅读理解 A (2024·广州模拟)To the delight of bookworms, anyone who has ever told you burying your head in a book means you're being unsociable will have to eat their words.A new study suggests those who regularly read, especially fiction, are actually nicer and more empathetic (善解人意) people. The study, carried out by Kingston University London, and presented at the British Psychological Society conference in Brighton, UK, last week, also found that those who just watched television seemed to be less kind and understanding of other people. For the study, the researchers questioned 123 people on their preferences for books, TV shows, and plays.They were also quizzed about the type of entertainment they preferred from comedy or romance to drama.Then they were tested on their interpersonal skills.The researchers asked them about their behavior towards others, whether they understood and respected others' points of view, and whether they actively helped other people. Drawing on these responses sheet, the researchers found some mind-boggling results.They discovered that those who read more showed greater positive social behavior and a better ability to empathize with others, while those who preferred watching TV didn't show the same ability to empathize and were more likely to show unsociable behavior. They also found the forms of fiction people preferred were linked to their interpersonal skills and behavior.Those who preferred fiction displayed the most positive social skills.Romance and drama lovers showed the ability to see others' points of view, while comedy fans were particularly able to relate to others the most. The researchers concluded that those who read fiction regularly are more well-adapted to see things from other people's points of view, which makes them better at understanding people.However, they do acknowledge that their study didn't conclude if the effects are causal — does reading make you nicer and more empathetic, or do more empathetic people tend to read fiction? Even so, picking up a book can't hurt, and might just make the world a nicer place. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项研究发现：那些经常阅读尤其是阅读小说的人实际上更友善、更善解人意。 1．How did the researchers conduct the research? A．By making questionnaire surveys. B．By comparing experiment statistics. C．By observing participants' behaviors. D．By referring to previous study reports. 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段首句及第四段首句可知，研究人员是通过问卷调查进行研究的。 2．What does the underlined word “mind-boggling” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Embarrassing.　　　 B．Satisfying. C．Amazing. D．Disappointing. 解析：选C　词义猜测题。画线词后的句子表示，研究发现阅读量较大的人表现出更积极的社会行为和更好的移情能力。这一发现与人们对“书呆子”的一贯认知相矛盾，故画线词所在句应表示研究人员发现了一些令人惊奇的结果。 3．What can improve people's empathetic abilities the most according to the study? A．Reading fiction and comedy. B．Enjoying romance and drama. C．Taking part in social activities. D．Watching plays on social media. 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第五段第二、三句可知，读小说和喜剧最能使人善解人意。 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．All people support the research result. B．Further study is needed on this subject. C．The nicer and kinder people like reading. D．Reading can help people make more friends. 解析：选B　推理判断题。最后一段第二句提到，这一研究并没有得出结论，是阅读会让你变得更好、更有同理心，还是更有同理心的人更容易阅读小说？ 由此推断，这个问题需要进一步研究。 B (2024·武汉市武昌区质检)I was not worried about the American education system until after I started writing a column, because that's when I found out there are English teachers who assign my column as reading material. I regularly get e-mails from students asking about my use of writing techniques and other things I've never heard of. And I respond, “Transfer (转学) to high schools immediately! To one that teaches Shakespeare and Homer instead of the thoughtful commentary of the first-rate modern wisdom！” I can expect to be sending more of these e-mails because of the Common Core State Standards (共同核心国家标准), which public schools are encouraged to follow. The new curriculum standards dramatically shift about half the nation's high school English reading lists toward an emphasis on nonfiction. In a speech last year, David Coleman, the new president of the College Board, who was one of the chief creators of the Common Core State Standards Initiative, said, “It is rare in a working environment that someone says, ‘Johnson, I need a market analysis by Friday, but before that I need a vivid account of your childhood.’”I agree with this, but no one has ever asked me for a market analysis. Coleman's idea is that by reading clear, tightly structured nonfiction, kids will learn how to write clear, tightly structured nonfiction. And indeed, the first time I wrote in a new format — a travel essay, a screenplay, an apology e-mail — I read a bunch of examples. But when I want my writing to improve, I read something that forces me to think about words differently: a novel, a poem, a George W. Bush's speech. Fiction teaches you how to tell a story, which is how we express and remember nearly everything. Anyway, school isn't merely training for work; it's training for communication throughout our lives. 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了针对美国教育系统问题，作者认为，提高写作水平可以阅读各种类型的读物，如小说、诗歌、演讲等，以促使自己用不同的方式思考词汇。 5．How did the author feel after his column was used as students' assignment? A．Proud. B．Satisfied. C．Concerned. D．Disappointed. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I was not worried about ... reading material.”可知，当自己的专栏作品被用于学生的作业时，作者开始担心美国的教育系统。 6．What should high schools do according to David Coleman? A．Stress nonfiction. B．Read more fiction. C．Teach market analysis. D．Encourage writing. 解析：选A　推理判断题。 根据第二段中的“The new curriculum standards ... emphasis on nonfiction”可知，新课程标准使高中英语阅读清单转向强调非小说类纪实作品。而David Coleman作为新课程标准的其中一个首席创造者，他也强调了非小说类纪实作品。 7．Why does the writer turn to a George W. Bush's speech? A．To create words. B．To better his writing. C．To tell a story. D．To follow the format. 解析：选B　细节理解题。 根据尾段中的“But when I want my writing to improve ... a George W．Bush's speech.”可知，为了提高写作水平，使自己能用不同的方式思考词汇，作者阅读小说、诗歌并听乔治·布什的演讲。 8．What is the passage mainly about? A．The shift of teaching techniques. B．The trend of reading Shakespeare. C．The effects of the new curriculum standards. D．The problem with American education system. 解析：选D　主旨大意题。 通读全文可知，本文首句“I was not worried ...my column as reading material.”是文章主旨句。结合下文内容可知，本文主要讲述了作者对美国教育系统问题的担心和质疑。新课程标准使高中英语阅读清单转向强调非小说类纪实作品，但作者认为学校不应该仅仅教会学生工作，更应该教会学生沟通。故D项能概括文章主旨。 课时作业(二) Ⅰ.阅读七选五 There are three basic kinds for memory: short-term memory, working memory, and long-term memory.Short-term memory is the sort of memory you use when someone tells you their phone number and you remember it just long enough to write it down.Working memory is a more active version of short-term memory and the brain is able to retain it a little longer.__1__ To get something into your short-term memory, you need both Input and Output.Here's a formula: Input＋Output＝Short-Term Memory. __2__ It is something outside of your head being put into your head.Output is even more exciting because you have so many creative choices and it's up to you to decide how to apply what you've learned. __3__ By thinking about new information and then doing something active with it, you are essentially telling your brain that this new information is worth remembering.That“doing something” could be a lot of creative possibilities. But how should you improve your long-term memory? __4__ Here's the formula: Input＋Output＋Review＝Long-Term Memory. Imagine a grassy lawn that is between someone's driveway and front door.Rather than walk the long way down the path, most people just cut through the grass to get to their car, right? The more times someone cuts through the grass, the flatter the grass becomes on that new pathway until, eventually, there is a permanent dirt path.__5__ Every time you review something, neurons (神经元) form a “pathway” in your brain and make it more permanent.Maybe we should really be saying “practice makes memory”． A．All you need to do is review. B．A good memory is very important. C．That is pretty much how the brain works. D．It's quite different from long-term memory. E．We make a memory only when we use information. F．Input is quite simply putting something into your brain. G．However, long-term memory stores information for a few days up to decades. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。记忆可以分为三种：短期记忆、工作记忆和长期记忆。文章介绍了这三种记忆及获得长期记忆的秘诀。 1．解析：选G　根据本段第一句可知，本段主要在介绍三种记忆，空前已介绍了短期记忆和工作记忆，所以空处应该会介绍长期记忆，故G项“然而，长期记忆可以储存几天到几十年的信息”符合语境。 2．解析：选F　空处位于段首，应是对整段的高度概括。根据下文“It is something outside of your head being put into your head.”可知，空处是在讲“输入”，所以F项“‘输入’就是简单地将某些东西放入你的大脑中”符合语境，且下文也是对本句的进一步解释。 3．解析：选E　下文提到，通过思考新信息，然后用它做一些积极的事情，你本质上是在告诉你的大脑这些新信息值得记住。由此可知，此处是在讲大脑如何记住信息，所以E项“我们只有在使用信息时才会产生记忆”符合语境。 4．解析：选A　上文“但是怎样才能提高长期记忆呢？”是一个问句，所以空处应该给出回答；再结合下文“公式是这样的：输入＋输出＋复习＝长期记忆”可知，“输入”和“输出”前文都已讲过，所以此处应是讲“复习”，故A项“你需要做的就是复习”符合语境。 5．解析：选C　根据上文可知，作者是在举例说明大脑的工作原理，而下文“每次你回顾某件事的时候，神经元就会在你的大脑中形成一条‘通路’，让它变得更持久”是对原理的进一步解释。所以C项“这就是大脑的工作原理”承上启下，符合语境。 Ⅱ.读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 (2024·济南模拟)My writing career began quite accidentally.It was all because of my friend Henry. Born into a poor family, Henry had no chance to attend school.He couldn't read but he liked my reading for him greatly.One day I played a little trick on Henry.I was reading him a story from my textbook.Suddenly I moved away from the story and made up my own, pretending to turn the pages regularly.Henry, of course, had no idea at all.Upon finishing the story, Henry began to clap. “That is the best story you've read me in a long time，” he said, still clapping. I laughed, “Really？” “It was great.Will you read me more of it tomorrow？” “Fascinating，”I thought, feeling like a man who discovered buried treasure in his own backyard.That same night, I tried writing my first short story.It was a story about a man who found a magic cup.If he cried into the cup, his tears turned into pearls (珍珠), but he was a happy man and rarely cried.So he tried his best to find ways to make himself sad.The story ended with the man sitting on a mountain of pearls, unable to feel happy any longer. The next day, I ran to Henry after school, asking him to hear the story and told him I wrote it last night.Henry was totally absorbed in it, his face shifting as the story developed. “Some day, you will be a great writer，” Henry said.“And your stories will be read all over the world.But can I ask a question? Why didn't the man just eat some onions to make himself cry to get pearls？”I was shocked because I never expected Henry could be helpful to my writing.I rewrote it and with Henry's encouragement, I sent it to a magazine.To my surprise, it was published and sold well. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Whenever I finished a new story, I would turn to Henry.___________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ I decided to use the money to help Henry._______________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文： Whenever I finished a new story, I would turn to Henry.Gradually, I found Henry was really an excellent listener as well as a good adviser.Although he couldn't read, he had a clear mind and a gift for polishing stories by asking questions.Every time I shared my new stories with him, he always listened attentively and provided valuable suggestions.I had never thought my reading to Henry could arouse his talent for stories, which contributed to our unexpected cooperation.Later, several more stories were published and I was well paid. I decided to use the money to help Henry.However, I didn't know what Henry wanted most.When he touched the pages dearly on which my stories were printed, it occurred to me that Henry should enjoy the beauty of words too.Therefore，I chose to sponsor his education.Learning what I had done for him, Henry was too moved to say anything but was overjoyed to be my schoolmate.He even joked that he could get pearls, being the happiest man in the world. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$