内容正文:
Unit 4
Words and Expressions
真正的朋友会在全世界都离你而去的时候,向你走来。
——沃尔特·温切尔
A genuine friend is not just someone who is present during good times or when everything is going smoothly. Rather, a real friend is the person who comes to your side and offers support, comfort, and companionship precisely when others have abandoned or turned away from you.
Quote: A real friend is one who walks in when the rest of the world walks out.
familiar adj. 熟悉的;常见到的 n.常客; 密友
派生:
familiarity n.熟悉;通晓 → familiarize v.(使)熟悉;通晓→familiarly adv.熟悉地;
搭配:
be familiar to sb=be known to sb为某人所熟悉
be familiar with sth熟悉某事物
be on familiar terms with sb与某人交情很好
familiarize oneself with... 精通......
familiarize sb with sth 使某人熟悉某事或某物
例句:
I am familiar with his work and look forward to hearing his views on this novel.
我很熟悉他的作品,期待听到他对这部小说的评论。
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派生:
preferable adj.更适合的→preferably adv.最好;更可取地
preference n.偏爱;爱好
搭配:
prefer doing sth/to do sth 更喜欢做某事
prefer A to B 与B相比更喜欢A
prefer doing sth to doing sth 比起做某事更喜欢做某事;
prefer to do sth rather than do sth
= would rather do sth than do sth
= would do sth rather than do sth宁愿做……而不做……,
prefer sb to do sth 希望某人做某事
例句:
I became a teacher because I preferred books and people to politics.
prefer v. 更喜欢
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近义:be out of touch with...和......失去联系;不再了解......的情况
反义:keep track of 与…保持联系;了解…的动态
拓展:
back on track回到正轨; 恢复正常
be on track稳步前进;做法对头
be on track to do sth. 有望做......,处于......的正轨
stop/ halt/ freeze in one’s tracks(使由于恐惧或吃惊)突然止步
例句:It’s difficult to keep track of all the new discoveries in genetics.
很难做到随时了解遗传学的全部最新发现。
lose track of 不了解……的动态
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派生:
delivery n.传送;递送→deliverable adj.可递送的;可交付的
搭配:
deliver from从…...把(某物)发送出; (把某人)从…...中解救出来
deliver on履行、实行
deliver over/up to 交出, 移交
deliver/give a lecture to sb on sth. 给某人作关于…的演讲/讲座
deliver sth to sb 把(邮件、货物等)投递/递送/传送给某人
deliver oneself to... 向...投案,向...自首
例句:They set off to deliver supplies to an isolated village.
他们出发把物资运送到一座偏僻的村庄。
deliver v. 递送,传送;兑现
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派生:
advancing adj.年事渐高→advancement n.进步,进展→advanced adj.先进的
搭配:
v. advance across/through/towards前进穿过......
n. in advance of... 在…...(发生)之前;超过;超前
in advance 预先;提前
make an advance/ advances in在......方面取得进步
on the advance(物价)在上涨
例句:
I should warn you in advance that I’m not a very good dancer.
我要先提醒你,我跳舞不是很好。
advance n. 进步,进展;v.前进;进步 adj.预先的;事先的
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派生:
tendency n.倾向;趋势;趋向→tendentious adj.有强烈倾向性的
搭配:
tend on/upon 照顾,照管
tend towards ...有......的趋势;倾向于......
tend to sb 照顾某人
tend to do sth 往往会/倾向于/易于做某事
a tendency to/towards... .....的倾向
例句:
People tend to need less sleep as they get older.
随着年龄的增长,人需要的睡眠通常会减少。
tend v. 易于做某事,往往会发生某事
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派生:
acquisition n.获得,获得物→ acquirable adj. 可得的,可获得的
acquired adj. 获得的;购得的;学到的
搭配:
acquire a taste for sth开始喜欢上某物
acquire the right to do sth 取得做某事的权利
例句:
He spent years acquiring his skills as a surgeon. 他花了许多年时间学习外科医生的技能。
acquire v. 获得,得到
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派生:
inspire v.激励;鼓舞 ;赋予...灵感→ inspiration n.灵感;鼓舞人心的东西
inspired adj. 有创见的;富有灵感的→inspirational adj. 有启发性的;有鼓舞力量的
搭配:
inspires sb to do激励某人做某事
inspire sb with sth 用…激励某人
inspire sth in sb 激起某人的某种感情;使某人产生某种情感
例句:
They often inspire confidence in others and are always willing to help those in need.
他们往往会激发别人的信心,总是愿意帮助那些有需要的人。
inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的,启发灵感的
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派生:
packed adj挤满人的,非常拥挤的
搭配:
n. a pack of lies 一派谎言
v. pack away 〈非正〉吃很多;将(某物)收拾起来
be packed with sth充满某物的,有大量某物的
pack down 把…压实 pack up 收拾工具,停止工作
pack in 把…塞入,吸引大量(观众) pack out使(剧院)满座,填满
例句:
The sheep had been packed into a truck and transported without food or water.
那些羊被塞入一辆卡车运走,不给吃也不给喝。
pack n. 小盒,小包;v.打包;装箱;挤进;塞满;压实
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派生:
comfortable adj.使人舒服的 →comfortably adv.舒服地 →comforting adj.安慰的;
搭配:
n. in comfort舒适地 take comfort from在…中得到安慰
v. comfort sb for 因…安慰某人 comfort sb with 用…安慰某人
句式:
It is a comfort to do sth做......是件令人慰藉的事。
例句:
This will enable the audience to sit in comfort while watching the shows.
这样能够让观众舒舒服服地坐着看表演。
comfort n. 安慰,慰藉 v.安慰,抚慰
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派生:
impatience n.无耐心;不耐烦 →patient adj.有耐心的;n.病人,患者
patiently adv.耐心地→impatient adj.不耐烦的;没有耐心的
搭配:
be patient with... 对…...有耐心 be patient in... 在…...方面有耐心的
beyond patience 无法忍受
have no patience with sb 对某人毫无耐性
lose/ run out of patience with ... 对......失去耐心
例句:
It will take time and patience to get these changes accepted.
要让这些变革为人接受,需要时间和耐心。
patience n. 耐心;忍耐(力)
派生:
passionate adj.(对某事)具有强烈信念的;酷爱的→passionless adj.冷淡的;冷漠的
搭配:
have a passion for…对…...有强烈的爱好
with passion 激动地 fly into a passion大发雷霆
例句:
He spoke with considerable passion about the importance of art and literature.
他激动地谈起艺术和文学的重要性。
passion n.强烈的情感,激情
派生:
generous adj.慷慨的;大方的 → generously adv.慷慨地;丰盛地
搭配:
be generous to sb 对某人慷慨
be generous with sth 在某方面大方,不吝啬某物
句式:
It’s generous of sb to do sth 某人做某事真是慷慨
例句:
There are stories about his generosity, the massive amounts of money he gave to charities.
关于他的慷慨有些传闻,说他向慈善机构捐献巨款。
generosity n. 慷慨,大方
派生:
anxiously adv.焦急地;渴望地→ anxiety n.焦虑;担心;渴望
搭配:
be anxious about sth 为某事担心 be anxious for sb担心某人
be anxious for sth = be eager for sth 渴望某事物
be anxious (for sb) to do sth 渴望(某人)做某事
be anxious that… 渴望……,担心……
with anxiety焦虑地
例句:
We had an anxious couple of weeks waiting for the test results.
我们惴惴不安地过了几个礼拜,等待考试成绩出来。
anxious adj. 焦虑的,渴望的
派生:
distant adj.遥远的;疏远的;远亲的
搭配:
v. distance oneself from使自己撇清与…的关系
n. in the distance在远处 at/ from a distance 从远处,有相当一段距离
at/ from a distance of... 从......远的地方(of后跟具体的距离)
keep one's distance from... 与......保持距离;疏远;对......冷淡
keep sb at a distance 与某人保持一定距离
be distant from... 与......关系不密切;离......很远
例句:
The cottage is some distance from the road. 小屋离开大路有些距离。
distance v. 使与……保持距离,撇清和……的关系 n. 距离;路程
派生:
fortunate adj.幸运的;巧合的;侥幸的→fortunately adv.幸运地,幸亏
unfortunately adv. 不幸地;遗憾地
搭配:
make a/one’s fortune 发财 try one’s fortune 碰运气
enjoy good fortune 交好运 by fortune 由于运气 child of fortune 幸运儿
have the good/bad fortune to do... 有幸/不幸做......
be fortunate to do sth 有幸做某事 be fortunate in doing sth 做某事是幸运的
例句:
He is certainly being smiled on by fortune. 现在他一定是得到了命运的垂青。
fortune n. 大笔的钱,巨款
拓展:
drag away 拉开,拖走
drag off 强拉,硬拉
drag on 拖长;
drag through 缓慢地通过
drag out of 把…从…中拉出
drag in 把…...拉进去,硬把…...拉扯进来 drag out 拖出来
drag down … 使身体垮掉;使…堕落 drag up 重提(旧事、旧话)
drag v. 拖,拉 n.累赘;拖;拉
派生:
correspondence n.通信;相符;相似 →corresponding adj.通信的;相关的;一致的
correspondent n.记者;通信者;adj.相似的;对应的
搭配:
correspond to 相当于
correspond with sb与……通信
correspond with / to sth当……相一致;符合
keep up correspondence with sb和某人通信
例句:
Her expression is concerned but her body-language does not correspond.
她满脸关切之情,但她的肢体语言并非如此。
correspond v. 通信;符合;对应
turn out 结果是
turn over 反复考虑,大量卖出
turn round 改变
turn in 上交
turn out of 逐出
turn down关小;拒绝;驳回
turn up (意外地或终于)出现;开大;被发现
派生:
appoint v.委任;约定,确定 (时间、地点) → appointment n.约会;任命;职务
搭配:
appoint sb to…任命某人到……职位 appoint sb (as/ to be)…任命某人为…
appoint sth for sth为(某事)约定(时间) appoint sb to do sth委派/任命某人做某事
make an appointment to do sth约定做某事
have/ make an appointment with与……约会 keep / break an appointment守约/违约
例句:
The appointed hour of the ceremony was drawing nearer.
既定的典礼时间就快到了。
appointed adj. 约定的,指定的
派生:
shame n. 羞耻;羞愧;惭愧
搭配:
be ashamed of (doing) sth对(做)某事感到羞愧
be ashamed for因某事或做了某事而感到惭愧
be ashamed to do sth耻于做某事
be ashamed that…对……感到惭愧
to one’s shame令某人感到惭愧的是
例句:
I felt incredibly ashamed of myself for getting so angry.
我对自己发那么大的火而深感惭愧
ashamed adj. 感到不好意思的,难为情的 ;惭愧的
派生:
surrounding adj.周围的;n. 环境→surround v.包围,环绕;n. 环绕物
搭配:
enjoy the surroundings 欣赏环境
surround ... by/with ...以…...环绕/包围…...
be surrounded by/with... 被…...包围
surround oneself with ...和......在一起,与......为伍
例句:
He switched on the light and examined his surroundings.
他打开灯,查看了周围的情况。
surroundings n. 周围的事物,环境
prefer v.更喜欢→preference n.偏爱;优先权
deliver v.递送,传送→delivery n.传递,递送
advance n.进步;进展→advanced adj.先进的;高级的
significantly adv.重大地;显著地→significant adj.重大的;显著的→significance n.意义;重要性→insignificant adj.不重要的;无足轻重的;无关紧要的
enable v.使可能;使发生→able adj.能干的;有能力的
unusual adj.异常的;不平常的→usual adj.寻常的
tend v.易于做某事,往往会发生某事→tendency n.趋势;趋向
illustrate v.(举例)说明,阐明→illustration n.说明;例证;图解→illustrative adj.起说明作用的;图解的,插图的→illustrator n.(书等的)插图画家
prove v.证明,证实→proof n.证明;证据
inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的;启发灵感的→inspiration n.灵感;鼓舞人心的人或事
comfort n.安慰,慰藉→comfortable adj.舒适的,舒服的
patience n.耐心→patient adj.耐心的 n.病人→patiently adv.耐心地
passion n.强烈的情感,激情→passionate adj.热诚的;狂热的
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generosity n.慷慨,大方→generous adj.慷慨的,大方的→generously adv.慷慨地,大方地
humour n.幽默感→humorous adj.幽默的
anxious adj.焦虑的,不安的→anxiously adv.焦虑地,不安地→anxiety n.焦虑,不安
distance v.使与……保持距离,撇清和……的关系 n.距离→distant adj.遥远的
fortune n.巨款→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地→unfortunate adj.不幸的
correspond v.通信→correspondence n.通信,联系;相关
appointed adj.约定的,指定的→appoint v.约定;任命→appointment n.约会;任命
bitterly adv.痛苦地,愤恨地→bitter adj.苦的;愤愤不平的
unfold v.(卷着的东西)展开,打开→fold v.折叠;合拢
location n.地点,位置→locate v.位于;确定……的位置
surroundings n.环境→surround vt.包围;围绕→surrounding adj.周围的;附近的
personality n.个性;性格→personal adj.个人的;私人的
adventure n.历险(经历),奇遇→adventurous adj.爱冒险的;大胆的;充满危险的
digital adj.数字的→digitally adv. 数码地→digitize v. 使数字化→digitalization n . 数字化
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Thanks
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