主题14.历史知识与考古发现-2024-2025学年九年级英语主题强化必备(阅读理解+完形填空)(通用版)

2024-2025学年九年级英语主题强化必备(阅读理解+完形填空)(通用版) 2024-2025学年九年级英语主题强化必备(阅读理解+完形填空)(通用版) 主题14.历史知识与考古发现 一、阅读理解 1 （2024·山东临沂·一模）During the Jin Dynasty (265–420), there was a child named Che Yin. He was smart and loved to read. He grew up in a poor family and couldn’t afford lamp oil (灯油) to study at night. One night, he saw fireflies (萤火虫) outside his house and came up with an idea. He caught some fireflies in a cloth bag and hung the bag up as a lamp. It was said that he spent all of his summer nights reading like this. Another child named Sun Kang also loved reading during the same time period. One night during winter, Sun used up all of his lamp oil and couldn’t study at night. When he suddenly woke up at midnight, he saw the thick snow reflecting the moonlight outside his house. His first thought was “Oh, I can use the reflected light to read!” He took out his books and read, even though he was freezing cold. Both of these kids later became successful government officials. People were touched by their hard-working spirit and their stories inspired (启发) the Chinese idiom nangyingyingxue (囊萤映雪) or “to read by the light of bagged fireflies or the reflected light of snow”. In the past, people had a much harder time studying than we do now. They might have had to copy books by hand because books were very few then. For poor families, paper and writing brushes were often too expensive to afford. Students even had to travel over mountains and rivers in order to find a good teacher. However, these tough conditions did not stop young minds from pursuing (追求) knowledge. Xie Cun, a professor from Peking University said, “All of these stories inspire people to study hard although there are many difficulties. We can also learn from these stories. Some may sound a little exaggerated (夸张的) and romanticized, but they are just like the light of fireflies that light up the road to knowledge.” 1．What do we know about the two children? A．They helped each other. B．They invented a Chinese idiom. C．They were smart and worked hard. 2．What does the underlined word “tough” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．hard B．easy C．new 3．What might Xie Cun agree with? A．These stories are not real. B．These stories are encouraging. C．People used to read more books. 4．What would be the best title for this passage? A．The Stories of Jin Dynasty. B．A Chinese Idiom. C．Light to Guide You. 2 （2024·山东枣庄·一模）Do you know the May Fourth Movement? It was a political, anti-imperialist (反帝国主义) movement launched by students and joined by people from all walks of life. The movement gets its name from a protest (抗议) held in Beijing on May 4, 1919. The protest followed the announcement of the Treaty of Versailles (《凡尔赛条约》) that concluded WWI. According to the treaty, Germany’s colonial rights (殖民权) in China were not cancelled, but were turned over to the Japanese. The movement called upon people to fight for independence and pushed for more diverse (多样的) thinking. Young men and women called for women’s rights and critıcızed (批评) the tradition of arranged marriages. Writers explored new forms of literature. Other people looked at political and social thought, like Marxism (马克思主义), to find a path for China’s future. The May Fourth Movement is very important in China’s history. “It was a great social revolutionary (革命性的) movement launched by the Chinese people to save the nation from subjugation (镇压), safeguard national dignity (尊严) and pool (汇聚) national strength together,” said President Xi Jingping, also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee. The spirit of the movement is still a central value for Chinese youth today. Xi underlined the need to strengthen studies of the May Fourth Movement and its spirit during a speech at the group study session of the political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. Xi’s call for greater study of the movement will help younger generations better understand the value of its spirit. Chen Yuhao, a postgraduate student at the University of International Business and Economics, said the spirit of patriotism (爱国主义), progress, democracy (民主) and science are still core values (核心价值) of Chinese youth and should be upheld and carried forward in the new era (时代). 5．What do we know about the May Fourth Movement? A．It was China’s first protest movement. B．It was a movement to fight for students’ rights. C．It took place before World War I. D．It called for changes in different kinds of areas. 6．What does the word “underlined” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．划线 B．展示 C．强调 D．意识到 7．What is the main idea of the passage? A．What the May Fourth Movement was and why it is important. B．How the May Fourth Movement was organized and developed. C．How the anniversary of the May Fourth Movement was celebrated. D．What students did to carry forward the spirit of the May Fourth Movement. 3 （2024·湖南邵阳·二模）Rome was founded in 753 BC by its first king, Romulus. It grew into a rich and powerful (强大的) city during the next few hundred years. Roman legend (传说) says that Romulus has a twin (双胞胎) brother. As babies, they were thrown in the area which later became Rome. A she-wolf, a kind of wild animal living in the forest, found and raised them. When Romulus grew up, he became the first ruler of Rome! By 117 AD, the Roman Empire (帝国) included the whole of Italy, all the lands in the Mediterranean and much of Europe, including England, Wales and parts of Scotland. Thanks to their strong army, the Romans built such a huge empire and conquered (征服) new lands. However, the Romans didn’t spend all the time fighting—they were amazing engineers, too! They built roads and walls—things without which we can’t live now. What’s more, they were so smart that they even built channels (水道) and bridges to carry water to public baths and toilets in order to bring water to their cities! The Romans liked to enjoy their food, often lying down on a couch while eating with their hands. They sometimes used a spoon, but they would never use a knife and fork. 8．When was Rome founded? A．In 753 BC． B．In 117 AD． C．In 753 AD． 9．What does the underlined word “she-wolf ” mean in Paragraph 2? A．妇人 B．女王 C．母狼 10．Why did Rome become a huge empire? A．Rome had conquered new lands. B．Romulus was a very strong king. C．There was a great army in Rome. 11．What do we know about the Romans? A．They spent all the time fighting. B．They built roads and walls that we have used until now. C．They lay down and enjoyed the food with a knife and fork. 4 （2024·吉林长春·二模）The name of every British town and city has a long history. Two thousand years ago, most people living in Britain were Celts (凯尔特人). Even the word “Britain” is Celtic. Then the Romans arrived and built camps. These camps became cities called “castra”. This is why there are so many place names in England that end in “-chester” or “-caster”. Manchester is one example. After the Romans left Britain, it was attacked by Anglo-Saxon people and became its new owners. These people were from the area that is now Germany and the Netherlands (荷兰). The names of their villages often ended in “-ham” or “-ton”. Some got their names from the leaders of the villages, so Birmingham, for example, means “Beormund’s village”. Twelve hundred years ago, Vikings (维京人) came to England. They traded with the Anglo-Saxons but lived in their own villages. These often ended in “-by” or “-thorpe”. The name “Kirkby” means “a village with a church (教堂)” and Scunthorpe was the village of a man called Skuma. Finally, in 1066, England became Norman (诺曼人的)—the Normans gave us the place name “grange”, which means “farm”. And how about London? Experts cannot agree! The Romans called the city Londinium, but they were not the first people there. People once believed that the United Kingdom’s capital city was named for the castle (城堡) of a king called Lud, but this is almost impossible. Our best guess today is that the name comes from a Celtic word meaning “a fast-flowing river”. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 12．Why are there so many place names in England that end in “-chester” or “-caster”? A．Because some place names were from the leaders of the villages. B．Because camps built by Romans later became cities called “castra”. C．Because there were many farmers in these places. D．Because people in these places traded with the Anglo-Saxons. 13．What does the underlined word “attacked” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．practiced B．hit. C．explained D．reported 14．Which is the right order of the following facts? ①Vikings came to England and trade with the Anglo-Saxons. ②The Romans arrived in Britain and built camps. ③England became Norman and was named “grange”, which means farm. ④The Anglo-Saxons attacked Britain. A．①④②③ B．②③①④ C．①②④③ D．②④①③ 15．Which guess about London’s name was the best? A．It was named for the castle of a king called Lud. B．It was from a village of a man named Skuma. C．It came from a Celtic word meaning fast-flowing river. D．It was called Londinium by the Romans. 16．What does this passage mainly talk about? A．Different kinds of people in Britan. B．Different lives of people in Britain. C．Different histories of place names in Britain. D．Different names of people in Britain. 5 （2024·辽宁沈阳·一模）The first castles were built in Europe around the 9th century. These castles were very strong buildings where a king or prince could live safely with his army around him. Such castles let the king or prince watch out for attacks and keep out the people he did not like. The castles also let the king or prince watch the people who lived around the castle. There were not many castles in Europe around 900 AD, but around 1000 AD things changed. Suddenly, many people were building castles because there was an increase in the fighting in Europe during this time. In 1066, William the Conqueror ordered that many castles must be built in England because he was trying to control the people of England. But William was not alone. Because there were many kings and princes fighting in Europe, many more castles were built. These castles were built to be very strong, so some of them can still be seen today. The first castles used a simple design. A tower was put on top of a lot of earth. All this earth was put under the tower to make it very tall. Moving all this earth made a huge hole all around the tower. Often, this large hole was filled with water. Stone or wood bridges were used to go across this water to get into the tower. A wall was built around the open area near the tower. The family of the king or prince and some of the people who served him lived within this area so that they would be safe. The first castles were made largely of wood in the beginning, but stone became more popular over time. This was because wood catches fire and burns easily. Stone was a better choice for castles. 17．The first castles were built in Europe so that a king or prince ______. A．stopped their enemies attacking B．kept out the animals he did not like C．watched the people who lived far away from the castle D．lived a rich and happy life with his family around him 18．Around 1000 AD, more castles were built in Europe because ______. A．William the Conqueror let people do it B．there were more fights during that time C．more people wanted to control England D．many kings tried to make them stronger 19．What were the first castles made mainly of at first? A．Stone. B．Earth. C．Wood. D．Water. 20．What’s the purpose of writing the text? A．To introduce the fights in Europe. B．To introduce the castles in Europe. C．To describe kings’ or princes’ lives. D．To describe William the Conqueror. 6 （2023·江苏徐州·三模）The Silk Road is the name of different roads that long ago connected Europe, Africa and Asia. People reached these different places along these roads. Scientists believe people began to travel the Silk Road about 3, 000 years ago. By the time the Chinese silk trade became important in the world, the Silk Road covered almost 6, 500 kilometers. It spread from Rome to China, which is from the West to the Far East. Traders traveling along the Silk Road carried silk, of course. They also carried and traded spices (香料), cloth, valuable stones and gold. There is a famous old story along the old road. It is said that Roman soldiers traveled through central Asia. They started to live somewhere near the ancient Chinese village of Liqian. Some of these Romans married local Chinese women and the story of blue-eyed villages of China was started. During its busiest period, the Silk Road allowed people from many different cultures and countries to meet each other and mix. The Silk Road allowed the sharing of valuable goods and new ideas. These included people and trading goods from the Mediterranean, Persian, Magyar, Armenian, Bactrian, Indian and Chinese areas. All these people traveled the Silk Road, and they shared goods, stories, languages and cultures. In modern times, the old Silk Road routes (路线) are still used, but now they are crossed by trains instead of camels and horses. There is even a Silk Route Museum in Jiuquan in China. It has over 35, 000 objects from all along the Silk Road. In this way, China protects the history of many countries and peoples. 21．Which of the following goods is not mentioned in the passage? A．Silk. B．Cloth. C．Gold. D．Tea. 22．How many kilometers did the Silk Road cover? A．About 3, 000. B．Nearly 6, 500. C．Almost 2, 000. D．Over 3, 500. 23．What can we infer from the passage? A．Valuable things could not be sold along the Silk Road. B．The Silk Road was only good for Chinese people. C．Ancient Chinese along the Silk Road may be able to speak different languages. D．The objects in the museum in Jiuquan in China are from all along the Silk Road. 24．Which part of a magazine can this passage come from? A．History and Geography. B．Man and Animals. C．Sports World. D．Popular Science. 7 （2022·海南省直辖县级单位·一模）On October 18, 2021, people lighted the flame（火）of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece. Later, a few people took turns to carry the torch（火炬）, first to Athens, and then to Beijing by plane. Here are some interesting facts about the Olympic flame. Where does the Olympic flame come from? The idea for the Olympic flame comes from a Greek story. To save humans from hunger and cold, Prometheus stole a fire from the god Zeus and gave it to humans. After that, humans saw fires as a symbol of light and freedom. In honor of the god, the Olympic flame appeared in ancient Olympic Games. How do people light the flame? People don’t use a match to light the torch. They use a special mirror and the sunlight. What if it is a cloudy or rainy day? People usually collect a fire a few days before the ceremony and keep it in a special container（容器）. It is for the poor weather. Can the flame go underwater? In the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games, the flame went underwater in the Great Barrier Reef, the torch burnt at 2000℃. And the high temperature stopped water from putting out the flame. What if the Olympic flames goes out? A car follows the torch to relay at all times. Inside is a lantern with a backup（备份）flame. If the torch goes out, runners will use the backup flame to light the torch again. 25．When did people light the flame of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games? A．In 2022. B．In 2021. C．In 2000. 26．Why did the Olympic flame appear in ancient Olympic Games? A．To save humans from hunger and cold. B．To be a symbol of light and freedom. C．To honor the god Prometheus. 27．People light the flame with ________. A．a match B．a special mirror and the sunlight C．a special container 28．According to the passage, can water put out the flame? A．No, it can’t. B．Yes, it can. C．We’re not sure. 29．Which of the following shows the structure（结构）of the passage? A． B． C． 8 （2024·贵州黔东南·二模）The ancient silk road was a once-in-a-lifetime journey. It was one of the most important milestones (里程碑) of trade and culture in world history, and the pioneer, Zhang Qian, could not be easily forgotten by history. He was an outstanding diplomat, traveler and explorer (探险家) in the Han Dynasty of China, remembered as “the first Chinese to open their eyes to see the world” and “the Columbus (哥伦布) of the east”. In 138 BC, Zhang Qian was sent to the west of China for an alliance with the Yue-chi people to fight against the Xiongnu. He started his trip from Chang’an to Longxi. But unfortunately, Zhang was caught by the Xiongnu people just as he left Han, and was held prisoner (囚犯) for ten years. Zhang finally managed to escape with some of his men and continued to travel west. When Zhang at last reached the Yue-chi in Northern India, he was disappointed to find that they didn’t want to fight against the Xiongnu people. On the return journey, Zhang Qian and his men were again caught. It was not until 125 BC that they returned to Chang’an. Though Zhang hadn’t finished his task, he brought back first-hand information about Central Asia. The paths Zhang Qian explored later served as the highways connecting Europe, the Middle East, Mesopotamia, Central Asia, and East Asia. Commodities (商品) have been transported by merchants along this network of highways, which have been known as the “Silk Road” since the 19th century. Zhang Qian has been remembered as the great explorer that opened up a new era (时代) of cultural exchange between East and West. 30．The underlined word “alliance” in Paragraph 2 has the similar meaning to ________. A．decision B．exploration C．agreement 31．According to the passage, what kind of person is Zhang Qian? A．Careful and creative. B．Brave and strong-minded. C．Proud and open-minded. 32．What is the best title for the passage? A．Zhang Qian and the Silk Road B．Zhang Qian and the Yue-chi People C．The Importance of the Silk Road 33．The writer would most probably talk about ________ after Paragraph 4. A．how the Silk Road made a difference to the cultural exchange B．why merchants did business along the Silk Road C．what Zhang Qian did in the rest of his lifetime 9 （2024·广东广州·二模）Many of you should have heard of Tiangong Kaiwu. It is one of the greatest technological encyclopedias written in Chinese. But how much do you know about its author, Song Yingxing? Song was a brilliant scientist during the late Ming dynasty. He was born into an ordinary family in 1587 and had a happy childhood. He and his brother Song Yingsheng went to school together. Both of them were very smart. Song won third place while his brother won sixth in the provincial Imperial Exam (科举考试). Later, Song and his brother took the national Imperial Exam, but they both failed. They had no choice but to take up jobs offered to them by the provincial government. Song worked as a teacher for many years. Meanwhile, he sat for the national Imperial Exam for another four times. Unluckily, he never achieved success. On his repeated trips to the capital to take the exams, however, he learned about the different technologies that were being used in different fields. His wide knowledge enabled him to create Tiangong Kaiwu in the 1630s. The name of the Chinese encyclopedia refers to humans’ making good use of the wealth of nature with the help of technologies. The book covers more than 130 technologies of farming and manufacturing. The explanations are clear and detailed. There are also many pictures to help with the understanding of the text. The encyclopedia became popular soon after it was produced and sold to the public. The Ming dynasty fell in 1644, but Song and his brother refused to work for the new Qing government and gave up their jobs. Song lived a poor life until the day he died. In his final years, he wrote many articles and poems against the Qing government. Tens of years later, some Qing officials found these articles and poems. They were so angry that they destroyed all of Song’s works. Luckily, Tiangong Kaiwu had already spread to many other countries, though it wouldn’t find its way back to China until the end of the Qing dynasty in 1911. Finally, Chinese people were able to marvel at this great scientist again. 34．Why was the repeated trips to the capital important to Song Yingxing? A．He got a job offered by the provincial government. B．He finally achieved success because of his hard work. C．He could fight for his dream together with Song Yingsheng. D．He experienced a lot and learned practical scientific knowledge. 35．In what order did the following happen in Song Yingxing’s life? a．He wrote Tiangong Kaiwu encyclopedia. b．His works were destroyed by the government. c．He lived a poor life because he didn’t serve the government. d．He won good places in the provincial exam with his brother. e．He tried several times in the national Imperial Exam but failed. A．d, a, e, b, c B．d, e, a, c, b C．c, d, a, e, b D．c, a, b, e, d 36．What is the main focus of Tiangong Kaiwu? A．The life of working as a teacher. B．Song Yingxing’s poems and articles. C．The way human beings use technologies. D．The Songs’ knowledge learned from different fields. 37．What can we know about Tiangong Kaiwu according to the passage? A．It was destroyed by officials after it was produced. B．Its cover was made with the help of 130 technologies. C．It helped spread traditional Chinese skills to the world. D．It included articles and poems against the Qing government. 10 （2024·江苏南京·三模）Long ago, China was divided into kingdoms (战国). The kingdoms were often at war, so good military leaders were important. One such leader was Tian Ji, a general in the State of Qi. Tian Ji’s best friend was Sun Bin. Sun Bin had been a military official in the State of Wei. After he was unfairly fired from his job, he moved to the State of Qi. Sun Bin taught Tian Ji a lot about military strategy. At that time, horse racing was the most popular entertainment for the rich. People bet money on the races. Tian Ji was a fan of horse racing, but he wasn’t very good at betting. One day, Tian Ji again lost money at the races. He went home feeling sorry for himself. When Sun Bin saw how sad Tian Ji was, he said, “Take me with you next time. Maybe I can help you win!” A week later, Tian Ji did just that. Sun Bin learned how the races worked very quickly. He saw that the horses were divided into three types according to speed. First-class horses were the fastest, and third-class horses were the slowest. Each type had their own race and people bet on each race. In order to win the overall bet, a person only needed to win two of the three races. Sun Bin also noticed that each type had a different saddle color. This was to tell the different horses apart. Soon, Sun Bin developed a strategy to help Tian Ji. “Trust me,” he told Tian Ji. “I know exactly how you can win!” Tian Ji got so excited he challenged the king to a race. Tian Ji did everything that Sun Bin told him to do. For the first race, he put the first-class saddle on his third-class horse. The king’s first-class horse easily beat Tian Ji’s third-class horse. For the second race, Sun Bin told Tian Ji to put the second-class saddle on his first-class horse. And sure enough, Tian Ji won the second race. His first-class horse was better than the king’s second-class horse. Finally, for the third race, Tian Ji used his second-class horse. Once again, he won. This time it was against the king’s third-class horse. The king was shocked. Tian Ji was the overall winner. The king congratulated Tian Ji, but he was curious. “Tian Ji, where did you get such good horses?” he asked. “Your Majesty,” Tian Ji replied, “I did not win because I found great horses. I won because of the strategy I used. It was Sun Bin’s strategy, and it worked!” “Really?” said the king. “What exactly was this strategy?” Tian Ji told the king all about how he switched horses. He explained how Sun Bin knew that even when two opponents were unevenly matched, a strategy could be used to minimize losses. In this case, losing only once meant that Tian Ji was still the overall winner. Hearing this, the king immediately made Sun Bin the military adviser for the whole army. Sun Bin’s strategies and Tian Ji’s leadership led the State of Qi to many military victories. 38．What’s “kingdom” mean? A．People are fighting in the war. B．Rulers are killing people. C．Cultures are becoming different from others. D．Several countries are divided and confronted (对峙). 39．Which of the following is true? A．Sun Bin was Tian Ji’s friend. B．Tian Ji was fighting with the King. C．Tian Ji won the horses’ race. D．The King hated Tian Ji because of the failure of the race. 40．If the first-class horse was ①, the second was ②, the third was ③, which one was Tian Ji’s order? A．③①② B．②③① C．①③② D．③②① 41．Tian Ji was ▲ . Which word is the best for ▲? A．silly B．careful C．selfish D．forgetful 42．What is the story tells us? A．We should be careful to every detail so that we can succeed. B．We should be glib that the enemy may be confused. C．We should be deterrent that makes the enemy afraid. D．We should invite others to help us so that we can have a rest. 11 （2024·江苏无锡·三模）Like detectives, archaeologists use evidence to solve mysteries. Detectives look for clues to solve crimes. Archaeologists look for clues to help them understand how people lived long ago. In fact, the word “archaeology” means “the study of ancient things”. One type of evidence used to learn about the past is pottery. People have used pottery for thousands of years all over the world. Old pottery is usually found in pieces called “potsherds”. Sometimes potsherds found in the same place can be put back together to recreate the original pot. Even in pieces, old pottery can teach us about the past. When examining pottery, archaeologists consider not only its appearance but what it was made of and how it was made. With this knowledge, they can get information about people’s lives in ancient times. ① Pottery is made by first adding water to a kind of soil called clay. When wet clay can be formed into shapes. It is then heated. This hardens (使变硬) the clay and allows it to keep its shape. To make clay easier to shape and heat, potters (制陶工) use something called “temper”. Different materials can be used as temper. An archaeologist can tell where a pot came from by the types of clay and temper that were used. Sometimes a pot found in one location might have materials from another place. ② Some of the earliest pots were made quite simply. A piece of clay was hollowed (掏空) out and shaped into a bowl. It was then heated at a low temperature. The finished pot was rough (粗糙), and often undecorated. This type of pot might be used for cooking.③ Later, coiled pots were made. These were made by first rolling the clay into a long snake shape. The coil was then wound (绕) in circles to form a pot. They were often decorated in different ways. These pots were heated at high temperatures. The higher the temperature, the harder and longer-lasting the pot. Further improvements in pottery-making developed in different times and places. ④ A pot’s shape and decoration can provide clues about the past. Painted pictures might show events from daily life or from ancient stories. Archaeologists know certain shapes and styles that were common in different times and places. Archaeologists study the differences in types of pottery closely. Because of their work, these daily objects can tell some of the mysteries of the past. 43．Why are detectives and archaeologists mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．To compare the pottery with evidence. B．To show the long history of pottery. C．To lead to the topic of the passage. D．To catch readers’ attention to archaeology. 44．We can put “This can provide clues about how people traded or travelled.” in Blank ________. A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 45．When is temper added to the clay? A．Before the clay is shaped. B．After the pot is heated. C．While the pot is being decorated. D．When the clay is hollowed. 46．What is the main idea of this passage? A．People have used pottery for thousands of years all over the world. B．Pots are decorated with pictures that show events from ancient stories. C．Ancient pottery can tell about the lives of the people who made and used it. D．Archaeologists look for clues to solve mysteries in different times and places. 12 （2024·安徽合肥·二模） What? A flush toilet (抽水马桶) from over 2,000 years ago? Is that even possible? Well, according to a research team in China, the answer is yes! Not long ago, Chinese researchers discovered several broken parts of a 2,400-year-old flush toilet. They believe it might be the world’s oldest flush toilet. “It is the first and only ancient flush toilet that has been found in China,” said Liu Rui, a researcher. “Everybody on the research team was taken by surprise when we found it, and then we all couldn’t help laughing.” Described by researchers as a “luxury (奢华的) object”, the toilet is thought to have been placed inside the palace. According to the researchers, this toilet might have been used by Duke Xiao of Qin or his father, Duke Xian of Qin. Liu pointed out that the toilet was probably set indoors and connected to an outdoor hole. There are many historical records about toilets in ancient China and some ancient toilets have been found. It shows that the ancient Chinese already realised the importance of hygiene (卫生). And to people’s surprise, it seems that there is not too much difference between ancient toilets and the modern ones we see today. 47．How did the researchers feel when they found the ancient toilet? A．Common. B．Bored. C．Quiet. D．Surprised. 48．Which of the following is mentioned in Paragraph 5? A．The toilet was hard to use. B．The toilet was used outdoors. C．The toilet was a luxury object. D．The toilet was used for hygiene. 49．What does the underlined word “ones” in the last paragraph refer to (指的是)? A．Toilets. B．Objects. C．Palaces. D．Records. 50．In which part of a magazine can we read the text? A．Art. B．History. C．Science. D．Education. 13 （2024·陕西西安·一模）The Zeng Houyi Chime Bells (编钟) were uncovered from the Zeng Houyi Tomb in Suizhou, Hubei Province in 1978. They are historically important treasure of China. The Zeng Houyi Chime Bells are hung at three levels and are set in eight groups. There are 19 bells in three groups at the top level, 33 bells in three groups at the middle level and 12 bells in two groups at the bottom level. Besides, there is a much larger bell used to adjust pitch (调节音高). The bells in each row are different from one another in shape and size. The Zeng Houyi Chime Bells are hung on two sets of wood racks (架子), One rack is 7.48meters long and 2.65 meters wide. The other rack is 3.35 meters long and 2.73 meters wide. The two racks are perpendicular to each other, which forms an angle of ninety degrees. The Zeng Houyi Chime Bells weigh a total of 5 tons. The biggest bell is of 153.4 cm in height and 203.6 kg in weight while the smallest bell is of 20.4 cm in height and 2.4 kg in weight. Five musicians were needed to play the instrument in the past. These bells have no clappers (铃舌) and are sounded by striking. Because of their shape, each bell could produce two different tones (音色)—one if struck at the side, the other at the center. The whole set of chime bells is able to produce all the tones of a modern piano. 51．How many bells does the whole set of chime bells have in all? A．45. B．52. C．64. D．65. 52．Which picture shows that two lines are “perpendicular” to each other? A． B． C． D． 53．What does the fifth paragraph mainly tell us? A．How these bells were played in the past. B．How many musicians were needed to play the bells in the past. C．Why the chime bells have no clappers. D．How many tones each bell could produce. 54．The following paragraph can best go after ________. In brief, there are more than 2, 800 Chinese characters relating to music and the making of the instrument on the bells. Instruments of such a scale and such fine craftsmanship (工艺) were quite rare (稀有的) in the world at the time. A．Paragraph 1 B．Paragraph 3 C．Paragraph 4 D．Paragraph 5 14 （2023·浙江杭州·一模）How do we know about things that happened thousands of years ago, when there were no videos or photos? One answer is written records. The earliest written records of Chinese culture are known as oracle bone inscriptions (甲骨文). More than 3,000 years ago, people in the Shang Dynasty (16th—11th century BC) liked to ask fortune tellers (占卜师) about the future. For example, what will the weather be like next week? Where should I go to make money? Will my wife give birth to a boy or a girl? From work to love, people asked questions about many topics. The fortune teller would write the question on an oracle bone, heat it up, and then read the cracks (裂纹) in it to find an answer. Tens of thousands of oracle bones have been found so far. They can tell us a great deal about how people lived during the Shang Dynasty. “They help us understand the origins of Chinese philosophy ( 哲学) and thought, and find out where our culture comes from,” Song Zhenhao, a leading oracle bone expert, told China Daily. In addition to telling us about ancient Chinese culture, the oracle bones are also key to understanding the growth and development of the written form of the Chinese language. Many of the characters we use today are similar to those used 3,000 years ago. “The oracle bone inscriptions, as the earliest-known form of Chinese characters, stand for the beauty and specificity of a language that has been passed down.” said Chen Nan, a professor at Tsinghua University. In 2017, UNESCO added oracle bone inscriptions to its Memory of the World Register (“世界记忆”名录). They are indeed an important memory of ancient China. 55．How does the writer lead into the topic? A．By giving examples. B．By asking questions. C．By explaining details. D．By telling a story. 56．Which of the following question might people ask fortune tellers thousands of years ago? A．Who stole my money last night? B．How is the weather today? C．Where can I find a good job? D．How many children do I have? 57．What do paragraph 3 and paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．A lot of oracle bones have been found in China right now. B．The oracle bones tell us the history of Chinese characters. C．The oracle bone inscriptions are the earliest-known Chinese characters. D．Oracle bones tell us much about ancient Chinese culture and language. 58．The writer thinks the oracle bone inscriptions are ________ to Chinese people. A．common B．rare C．valuable D．useful 15 （2022·江西萍乡·模拟预测）Did you see any discussions about archaeology（考古学）on social media in 2020? The subject became popular because of Zhong Fangrong, a girl who got a very high score in gaokao. As a liberal arts（文科）student in Hunan, Zhong chose to major in archaeology at Peking University. As a “left-behind girl” in a small village. Zhong was expected to apply for a “money-related” major so that she could make more money for her family. But she made her decision by following her heart. Many Internet users were surprised by her decision and questioned her, saying that she would be wasting her efforts. “You will regret your choice once you enter the job market,” one of them wrote. But museums and archaeology researchers were supporting Zhong. They have sent her archaeology books and letters of congratulation. Lin Zhivan, an archaeologist from Sichuan, said Internet users who questioned Zhong’s choice had little understanding of the subject. After graduation, Zhong can work at public museums or archaeology research institutes, which offer stable（稳定的）jobs and good pay, or she can choose to work for private archaeological companies that offer even higher pay. These are common choices for young people who major in archaeology. Actually, archaeology might have a more hopeful future than you might think. In 2020, President Xi Jinping stressed several times that archaeological research should be greatly emphasized（重视）. Archacological findings disclose the origin（起源）and evolution（演变）of Chinese culture, which can build up people’s confidence in Chinese culture. Gu Yunong, a senior archaeology student at Peking University, said the major is meaningful. “For the country and humankind, archaeology builds up our cultural identity. For people like me, it allows us to travel between the past and the present.” Gu said, “Archaeology has made my life more meaningful.” 59．What can we know about Zhong Fangrong according to the passage? A．She became popular on social media in 2020. B．She was a liberal arts student in Hubei Province. C．She chose to major in archaeology at Peking University. D．She didn’t make an effort in the National College Entrance Examination. 60．Match the persons with the information and choose the right answer. ①President Xi Jinping ②Liu Zhiyan ③Gu Yunong ④one Internet use a. Archaeology makes his life more meaningful. b. Zhong will regret her choice when she looks for a job. c. Archaeological research should be greatly emphasized. d. Zhong can work at public museums or archaeology research institutes. A．①-c ②-d ③-a ④-b B．①-a ②-c ③-b ④-d C．①-c ②-a ③-b ④-d D．①-a ②-b ③-c ④-d 61．What can we infer according to the passage? A．Before 2020, archaeology was a popular major. B．Many students chose to learn archaeology in the past. C．Archaeology is not as important as money-related” majors. D．There will be more students to study archaeology in the future. 62．What is Zhong Fangrong’s personality according to the passage? A．Shy and helpful. B．Brave and strong-minded. C．Careful and serious. D．Active and warm-hearted. 16 （2021·浙江温州·二模） For centuries the pyramids of Giza have been timeless symbols of Egyptian culture. Who actually built them? For years, we did not know for sure. But archaeologists recently discovered an ancient village near the pyramids. Close by, there was a cemetery where pyramid builders were buried. From studying these places, archaeologists can now confirm that the pyramids were not built by slaves or foreigners (or space aliens!). Ordinary Egyptians built them. It took about eighty years to build the pyramids. According to archaeologists, about 20,000-30,000 people were involved in completing the task. The workers had different roles. Some dug up the rock, some moved it, and some shaped it into blocks. People also worked in different teams, each with its own name. These teams often competed to do a job faster. ________. “We can see that in their skeletons,”says Azza Mohamed Sarry El-Din, a scientist studying bodies found in the cemetery. The bones show signs of arthritis, which developed from carrying heavy things for a long time. Archaeologists have also found many female skeletons in the village and cemetery. The damage to their bones is similar to that of the men. Their lives may have been even tougher. Male workers lived to age 40-45, but women to only 30-35. However, workers usually had enough food, and they also had medical care if they got sick or hurt. The task was challenging, but laborers were proud of their work. On a wall in Khufu’s Great Pyramid, for example, a group of workers wrote Friends of Khufu. “It’s because they were not just building the cemetery of their king,” says Egyptian archeologist Zahi Hawass. “They were building Egypt. It was a national project, and everyone took part in it.” 63．According to the passage, the workers built the pyramids ________. A．with foreigners B．by machine C．in many teams D．for eight years 64．Which of the following can be put in the blank ________ in the passage? A．These jobs needed lots of skills B．Only men took part in the work C．The workers had a healthy diet D．Life for these workers was hard 65．What can we infer about the people who wrote “Friends of Khufu” on the wall? A．They were looking for new friends. B．They were pleased with their task. C．They took great pride in their king. D．They missed their old friends a lot. 66．What’s the best title of this passage? A．The Builders of the Pyramids B．An Ancient Village in Egypt C．The Protection of the Pyramids D．The Great Pyramids in Egypt 17 （2021·广东深圳·二模）On March 20, the Sanxingdui Ruins in Guanghan, Sichuan drew the world’s attention. Chinese archaeologists(考古学家) announced that they have found more than 500 cultural relics(遗址) in six pits(坑) at the site, which dates back over 3,200 years. The relics include bronzeware(青铜器), gold and bronze masks, ivory, jade and textiles(纺织品). The Sanxingdui Ruins, which were first discovered in 1929, are believed to be the remains of the ancient Shu Kingdom. The kingdom was a center of civilization along the upper reaches of Yangtze River. In 1986, archaeologists discovered two pits that they believed were used for sacrificial(献祭的) ceremonies. At that time, over 1,000 artifacts were found, including bronzeware, face masks and “divine(神圣的) trees”-bronze sculptures of trees. The discovery of Sanxingdui raised an important question about the origins of Chinese civilization. The ancient Shu civilization that built Sanxingdui is believed to be one of the earliest examples of Chinese civilization. The site, along with the Liangzhu and Shijiahe sites along the Yangtze River, shows that the birthplace of Chinese civilization might not have been only along the Yellow River Basin(流域) in north China. The newly-discovered relics are similar to those found in 1986, as they also include divine trees and bronze masks. They further support the idea that the pits were used for sacrificial purposes. “These artifacts show that the Sanxingdui site had a close connection with Central China, but it also marks an original ancient civilization(in Sichuan) with strong creativity,” said Chen Xiandan, a member of the excavation(发掘) project. 67．What do we know about the relics found at the Sanxingdui Ruins recently? A．They are made of gold. B．They were all found in the same pit. C．They were created about 3,200 years ago. D．They were used for sacrificial ceremonies in 1986. 68．What does the word “artifacts” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．The remains of a building. B．Ancient ceremonies. C．Historical objects. D．Bronze sculptures. 69．Paragraph 4 shows that Chinese civilization ___________. A．started earlier than was believed before B．might have several different origins C．was centered along the Yangtze River D．developed from the ancient Shu civilization 70．What do the newly-discovered relics suggest? A．Sanxingdui is more important than the sites in Central China. B．The Sanxingdui Ruins are part of the Liangzhu Ruins. C．Sanxingdui was built by the ancient Shu Kingdom. D．The ancient Shu civilization was creative. 71．What is the best title for this passage? A．New Discovery of Sanxingdui B．Chinese Cultural Relics C．Ancient Civilization D．Work of Chinese Archaeologists 二、完形填空 1 （2024·陕西榆林·三模）Lyu Meng grew up and became better and better at fighting. Deng Dang started to see him with 72 eyes. Finally, he became the assistant (助手) to Deng Dang. A few years later, Deng Dang 73 . After his death, Lyu Meng became the leader of his army. Lyu Meng was very brave but he was not well 74 . The emperor (皇帝) of the Eastern Wu Kingdom was called Sun Quan. He saw the 75 Lyu Meng. One day, he said, “You’re 76 , but an army leader needs more than bravery. He needs to read and learn.” Lyu Meng claimed (声称) that he was too busy to read books. The emperor said, “I don’t expect you to read every 77 in the world. But you must read some about war and history! Lyu Meng was not sure. The emperor told him, “I used to be the same as you. I 78 the point of reading. I was only interested in learning to fight better. But one day, I 79 a book and began to see the world with new eyes. I got a lot from reading.” After some more discussion, Lyu Meng said, “You’re 80 .” From then on, Lyu Meng began to read more books and Sun Quan put him in a(n) 81 position. Finally, he became a very famous general in his time. 72．A．small B．big C．new D．old 73．A．laughed B．cried C．died D．returned 74．A．dressed B．educated C．thought D．fought 75．A．problem with B．pride of C．interest in D．answer to 76．A．clever B．brave C．honest D．strong 77．A．notice B．stone C．diary D．book 78．A．didn’t see B．saw C．heard D．didn’t hear 79．A．turned on B．put down C．picked up D．threw away 80．A．wrong B．right C．rich D．poor 81．A．strange B．expensive C．peaceful D．important 2 （2024·福建厦门·二模） It is true that hard workers are always fighting against the attraction of sleep. The allusion (典故) Xuan Liang Ci Gu tells 82 stories about the hard experience of keeping awake. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a 83 politician named Sun Jing, who really enjoyed studying, even in the 84 . In case he fell asleep when reading at night, Sun 85 a special way that would help him. He tied his hair to the beam (房梁) while 86 . Then, if he felt sleepy, his hair would be pulled upward by the rope and the 87 would wake him up. Before you are 88 by Sun’s action, the story of Su Qin, another celebrated man who lived in the Warring States Period, was more shocking. According to Strategies of the Warring States, when Su was young, he 89 so many times to get a governmental position that he even let his family down. So he 90 to work harder. When he felt sleepy at night, he used a sharp tool to stab at his thigh(大腿) to make him become awake and focus on reading again. 91 , Su’s hard work were rewarded. Finally, he realized his dream and became successful. Then, people joined Su’s story with Sun’s and created the allusion Xuan Liang Ci Gu. At present, although we are not supposed to follow their actions, their spirits are still meaningful and encouraging. 82．A．two B．three C．four 83．A．poor B．famous C．polite 84．A．morning B．afternoon C．evening 85．A．made sure B．heard from C．thought of 86．A．sleeping B．reading C．resting 87．A．sound B．hair C．pain 88．A．surprised B．excited C．moved 89．A．failed B．fell C．felt 90．A．preferred B．decided C．agreed 91．A．Directly B．Correctly C．Certainly 3 （2024·吉林长春·三模）Lian Po and Lin Xiangru were two important people in the State of Zhao. Lian was a brave 92 , and Lin was an excellent advisor. Lian was famous for winning battles (战役) and making his 93 scared. He once led the Zhao army to victory against the State of Qi. Everyone 94 him for his bravery. Lin, on the other hand, was clever and knew how to use 95 to solve problems. He once saved the Heshibi 96 the King of Zhao and became a trusted advisor. But there was a problem. Lian felt worried after Lin got a 97 position than him. He thought he should be given greater honor because of his achievements on the battlefield, 98 Lin achieved success just through his skills in speaking and debating (辩论). Sometimes, Lian even spoke ill of Lin behind his back. Lin didn’t want any trouble, so he 99 meeting Lian. He didn’t want to argue or fight. Lian thought he was winning because it 100 that Lin was scared of him. Lin’s friends, however, were 101 about this. They thought Lin was too kind and weak. But Lin explained that he didn’t have 102 to fight Lian because it would harm their country. He believed that if they 103 together, the State of Zhao would become powerful. When Lian heard this, he felt ashamed. He realized he was being foolish and 104 caused trouble for their country. So he said sorry to Lin, and they became good friends. They worked together to serve the State of Zhao and 105 personal problems. Lian and Lin showed us that even if we have differences, we can still put aside our pride and 106 great things when we pay full attention to what’s best for the greater good as friends. 92．A．banker B．doctor C．king D．general 93．A．friends B．kids C．parents D．enemies 94．A．admired B．interviewed C．noticed D．understood 95．A．guns B．knives C．pictures D．words 96．A．as B．for C．from D．with 97．A．higher B．lower C．larger D．smaller 98．A．since B．until C．unless D．while 99．A．avoided B．continued C．remembered D．started 100．A．found B．appeared C．mentioned D．reported 101．A．quiet B．surprised C．excited D．upset 102．A．plans B．powers C．reasons D．places 103．A．mixed B．pulled C．got D．lived 104．A．ever B．also C．almost D．still 105．A．helped with B．dealt with C．forgot about D．cared for 106．A．achieve B．prevent C．miss D．accept 4 （2021·安徽黄山·二模）Did you know that chocolate comes from a tree? The cacao tree gets large brown fruits called cocoa pods（荚）, and 107 the pods are cocoa beans. To make chocolate, 108 we leave the beans in the dark for a few days, and then 109 them in the sun. After that, the beans are pressed hard until a dark liquid（液体）comes out. That liquid is pressed 110 it separates and the result is cocoa butter（可可脂）, which can be turned into chocolate. What a lot of work just to make a piece of chocolate! The first people to 111 cacao trees for chocolate were the Mayans, who lived in Mexico thousands of years ago. They used chocolate to make a special 112 that they used during their religious（宗教的）services. When people from Spain came to Mexico, they discovered the drink. They took chocolate home with them, and soon the passion for chocolate 113 all over Europe! Wouldn’t you like to have a cacao tree in your 114 so you could have your own special supply chocolate? Well, don’t even think about it! Cacao trees can only grow in rainforests, where it is very hot and 115 all the time. What a pity! Chocolate is good for you as long as you don’t eat it all day long! It has iron（铁）, which is good for your body! But remember where there is chocolate, there is 116 ! So don’t eat too much, and remember to brush your teeth after you eat it! 107．A．outside B．around C．besides D．inside 108．A．first B．most C．last D．though 109．A．clean B．try C．dry D．enjoy 110．A．until B．unless C．because D．whether 111．A．suggest B．grow C．train D．water 112．A．water B．fruit C．wealth D．drink 113．A．served B．spread C．lived D．considered 114．A．garden B．room C．kitchen D．classroom 115．A．cloudy B．snowy C．foggy D．rainy 116．A．salt B．juice C．sugar D．honey 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$2024-2025学年九年级英语主题强化必备(阅读理解+完形填空)(通用版) 2024-2025学年九年级英语主题强化必备(阅读理解+完形填空)(通用版) 主题14.历史知识与考古发现 一、阅读理解 1 （2024·山东临沂·一模）During the Jin Dynasty (265–420), there was a child named Che Yin. He was smart and loved to read. He grew up in a poor family and couldn’t afford lamp oil (灯油) to study at night. One night, he saw fireflies (萤火虫) outside his house and came up with an idea. He caught some fireflies in a cloth bag and hung the bag up as a lamp. It was said that he spent all of his summer nights reading like this. Another child named Sun Kang also loved reading during the same time period. One night during winter, Sun used up all of his lamp oil and couldn’t study at night. When he suddenly woke up at midnight, he saw the thick snow reflecting the moonlight outside his house. His first thought was “Oh, I can use the reflected light to read!” He took out his books and read, even though he was freezing cold. Both of these kids later became successful government officials. People were touched by their hard-working spirit and their stories inspired (启发) the Chinese idiom nangyingyingxue (囊萤映雪) or “to read by the light of bagged fireflies or the reflected light of snow”. In the past, people had a much harder time studying than we do now. They might have had to copy books by hand because books were very few then. For poor families, paper and writing brushes were often too expensive to afford. Students even had to travel over mountains and rivers in order to find a good teacher. However, these tough conditions did not stop young minds from pursuing (追求) knowledge. Xie Cun, a professor from Peking University said, “All of these stories inspire people to study hard although there are many difficulties. We can also learn from these stories. Some may sound a little exaggerated (夸张的) and romanticized, but they are just like the light of fireflies that light up the road to knowledge.” 1．What do we know about the two children? A．They helped each other. B．They invented a Chinese idiom. C．They were smart and worked hard. 2．What does the underlined word “tough” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．hard B．easy C．new 3．What might Xie Cun agree with? A．These stories are not real. B．These stories are encouraging. C．People used to read more books. 4．What would be the best title for this passage? A．The Stories of Jin Dynasty. B．A Chinese Idiom. C．Light to Guide You. 2 （2024·山东枣庄·一模）Do you know the May Fourth Movement? It was a political, anti-imperialist (反帝国主义) movement launched by students and joined by people from all walks of life. The movement gets its name from a protest (抗议) held in Beijing on May 4, 1919. The protest followed the announcement of the Treaty of Versailles (《凡尔赛条约》) that concluded WWI. According to the treaty, Germany’s colonial rights (殖民权) in China were not cancelled, but were turned over to the Japanese. The movement called upon people to fight for independence and pushed for more diverse (多样的) thinking. Young men and women called for women’s rights and critıcızed (批评) the tradition of arranged marriages. Writers explored new forms of literature. Other people looked at political and social thought, like Marxism (马克思主义), to find a path for China’s future. The May Fourth Movement is very important in China’s history. “It was a great social revolutionary (革命性的) movement launched by the Chinese people to save the nation from subjugation (镇压), safeguard national dignity (尊严) and pool (汇聚) national strength together,” said President Xi Jingping, also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee. The spirit of the movement is still a central value for Chinese youth today. Xi underlined the need to strengthen studies of the May Fourth Movement and its spirit during a speech at the group study session of the political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. Xi’s call for greater study of the movement will help younger generations better understand the value of its spirit. Chen Yuhao, a postgraduate student at the University of International Business and Economics, said the spirit of patriotism (爱国主义), progress, democracy (民主) and science are still core values (核心价值) of Chinese youth and should be upheld and carried forward in the new era (时代). 5．What do we know about the May Fourth Movement? A．It was China’s first protest movement. B．It was a movement to fight for students’ rights. C．It took place before World War I. D．It called for changes in different kinds of areas. 6．What does the word “underlined” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．划线 B．展示 C．强调 D．意识到 7．What is the main idea of the passage? A．What the May Fourth Movement was and why it is important. B．How the May Fourth Movement was organized and developed. C．How the anniversary of the May Fourth Movement was celebrated. D．What students did to carry forward the spirit of the May Fourth Movement. 3 （2024·湖南邵阳·二模）Rome was founded in 753 BC by its first king, Romulus. It grew into a rich and powerful (强大的) city during the next few hundred years. Roman legend (传说) says that Romulus has a twin (双胞胎) brother. As babies, they were thrown in the area which later became Rome. A she-wolf, a kind of wild animal living in the forest, found and raised them. When Romulus grew up, he became the first ruler of Rome! By 117 AD, the Roman Empire (帝国) included the whole of Italy, all the lands in the Mediterranean and much of Europe, including England, Wales and parts of Scotland. Thanks to their strong army, the Romans built such a huge empire and conquered (征服) new lands. However, the Romans didn’t spend all the time fighting—they were amazing engineers, too! They built roads and walls—things without which we can’t live now. What’s more, they were so smart that they even built channels (水道) and bridges to carry water to public baths and toilets in order to bring water to their cities! The Romans liked to enjoy their food, often lying down on a couch while eating with their hands. They sometimes used a spoon, but they would never use a knife and fork. 8．When was Rome founded? A．In 753 BC． B．In 117 AD． C．In 753 AD． 9．What does the underlined word “she-wolf ” mean in Paragraph 2? A．妇人 B．女王 C．母狼 10．Why did Rome become a huge empire? A．Rome had conquered new lands. B．Romulus was a very strong king. C．There was a great army in Rome. 11．What do we know about the Romans? A．They spent all the time fighting. B．They built roads and walls that we have used until now. C．They lay down and enjoyed the food with a knife and fork. 4 （2024·吉林长春·二模）The name of every British town and city has a long history. Two thousand years ago, most people living in Britain were Celts (凯尔特人). Even the word “Britain” is Celtic. Then the Romans arrived and built camps. These camps became cities called “castra”. This is why there are so many place names in England that end in “-chester” or “-caster”. Manchester is one example. After the Romans left Britain, it was attacked by Anglo-Saxon people and became its new owners. These people were from the area that is now Germany and the Netherlands (荷兰). The names of their villages often ended in “-ham” or “-ton”. Some got their names from the leaders of the villages, so Birmingham, for example, means “Beormund’s village”. Twelve hundred years ago, Vikings (维京人) came to England. They traded with the Anglo-Saxons but lived in their own villages. These often ended in “-by” or “-thorpe”. The name “Kirkby” means “a village with a church (教堂)” and Scunthorpe was the village of a man called Skuma. Finally, in 1066, England became Norman (诺曼人的)—the Normans gave us the place name “grange”, which means “farm”. And how about London? Experts cannot agree! The Romans called the city Londinium, but they were not the first people there. People once believed that the United Kingdom’s capital city was named for the castle (城堡) of a king called Lud, but this is almost impossible. Our best guess today is that the name comes from a Celtic word meaning “a fast-flowing river”. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 12．Why are there so many place names in England that end in “-chester” or “-caster”? A．Because some place names were from the leaders of the villages. B．Because camps built by Romans later became cities called “castra”. C．Because there were many farmers in these places. D．Because people in these places traded with the Anglo-Saxons. 13．What does the underlined word “attacked” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．practiced B．hit. C．explained D．reported 14．Which is the right order of the following facts? ①Vikings came to England and trade with the Anglo-Saxons. ②The Romans arrived in Britain and built camps. ③England became Norman and was named “grange”, which means farm. ④The Anglo-Saxons attacked Britain. A．①④②③ B．②③①④ C．①②④③ D．②④①③ 15．Which guess about London’s name was the best? A．It was named for the castle of a king called Lud. B．It was from a village of a man named Skuma. C．It came from a Celtic word meaning fast-flowing river. D．It was called Londinium by the Romans. 16．What does this passage mainly talk about? A．Different kinds of people in Britan. B．Different lives of people in Britain. C．Different histories of place names in Britain. D．Different names of people in Britain. 5 （2024·辽宁沈阳·一模）The first castles were built in Europe around the 9th century. These castles were very strong buildings where a king or prince could live safely with his army around him. Such castles let the king or prince watch out for attacks and keep out the people he did not like. The castles also let the king or prince watch the people who lived around the castle. There were not many castles in Europe around 900 AD, but around 1000 AD things changed. Suddenly, many people were building castles because there was an increase in the fighting in Europe during this time. In 1066, William the Conqueror ordered that many castles must be built in England because he was trying to control the people of England. But William was not alone. Because there were many kings and princes fighting in Europe, many more castles were built. These castles were built to be very strong, so some of them can still be seen today. The first castles used a simple design. A tower was put on top of a lot of earth. All this earth was put under the tower to make it very tall. Moving all this earth made a huge hole all around the tower. Often, this large hole was filled with water. Stone or wood bridges were used to go across this water to get into the tower. A wall was built around the open area near the tower. The family of the king or prince and some of the people who served him lived within this area so that they would be safe. The first castles were made largely of wood in the beginning, but stone became more popular over time. This was because wood catches fire and burns easily. Stone was a better choice for castles. 17．The first castles were built in Europe so that a king or prince ______. A．stopped their enemies attacking B．kept out the animals he did not like C．watched the people who lived far away from the castle D．lived a rich and happy life with his family around him 18．Around 1000 AD, more castles were built in Europe because ______. A．William the Conqueror let people do it B．there were more fights during that time C．more people wanted to control England D．many kings tried to make them stronger 19．What were the first castles made mainly of at first? A．Stone. B．Earth. C．Wood. D．Water. 20．What’s the purpose of writing the text? A．To introduce the fights in Europe. B．To introduce the castles in Europe. C．To describe kings’ or princes’ lives. D．To describe William the Conqueror. 6 （2023·江苏徐州·三模）The Silk Road is the name of different roads that long ago connected Europe, Africa and Asia. People reached these different places along these roads. Scientists believe people began to travel the Silk Road about 3, 000 years ago. By the time the Chinese silk trade became important in the world, the Silk Road covered almost 6, 500 kilometers. It spread from Rome to China, which is from the West to the Far East. Traders traveling along the Silk Road carried silk, of course. They also carried and traded spices (香料), cloth, valuable stones and gold. There is a famous old story along the old road. It is said that Roman soldiers traveled through central Asia. They started to live somewhere near the ancient Chinese village of Liqian. Some of these Romans married local Chinese women and the story of blue-eyed villages of China was started. During its busiest period, the Silk Road allowed people from many different cultures and countries to meet each other and mix. The Silk Road allowed the sharing of valuable goods and new ideas. These included people and trading goods from the Mediterranean, Persian, Magyar, Armenian, Bactrian, Indian and Chinese areas. All these people traveled the Silk Road, and they shared goods, stories, languages and cultures. In modern times, the old Silk Road routes (路线) are still used, but now they are crossed by trains instead of camels and horses. There is even a Silk Route Museum in Jiuquan in China. It has over 35, 000 objects from all along the Silk Road. In this way, China protects the history of many countries and peoples. 21．Which of the following goods is not mentioned in the passage? A．Silk. B．Cloth. C．Gold. D．Tea. 22．How many kilometers did the Silk Road cover? A．About 3, 000. B．Nearly 6, 500. C．Almost 2, 000. D．Over 3, 500. 23．What can we infer from the passage? A．Valuable things could not be sold along the Silk Road. B．The Silk Road was only good for Chinese people. C．Ancient Chinese along the Silk Road may be able to speak different languages. D．The objects in the museum in Jiuquan in China are from all along the Silk Road. 24．Which part of a magazine can this passage come from? A．History and Geography. B．Man and Animals. C．Sports World. D．Popular Science. 7 （2022·海南省直辖县级单位·一模）On October 18, 2021, people lighted the flame（火）of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece. Later, a few people took turns to carry the torch（火炬）, first to Athens, and then to Beijing by plane. Here are some interesting facts about the Olympic flame. Where does the Olympic flame come from? The idea for the Olympic flame comes from a Greek story. To save humans from hunger and cold, Prometheus stole a fire from the god Zeus and gave it to humans. After that, humans saw fires as a symbol of light and freedom. In honor of the god, the Olympic flame appeared in ancient Olympic Games. How do people light the flame? People don’t use a match to light the torch. They use a special mirror and the sunlight. What if it is a cloudy or rainy day? People usually collect a fire a few days before the ceremony and keep it in a special container（容器）. It is for the poor weather. Can the flame go underwater? In the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games, the flame went underwater in the Great Barrier Reef, the torch burnt at 2000℃. And the high temperature stopped water from putting out the flame. What if the Olympic flames goes out? A car follows the torch to relay at all times. Inside is a lantern with a backup（备份）flame. If the torch goes out, runners will use the backup flame to light the torch again. 25．When did people light the flame of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games? A．In 2022. B．In 2021. C．In 2000. 26．Why did the Olympic flame appear in ancient Olympic Games? A．To save humans from hunger and cold. B．To be a symbol of light and freedom. C．To honor the god Prometheus. 27．People light the flame with ________. A．a match B．a special mirror and the sunlight C．a special container 28．According to the passage, can water put out the flame? A．No, it can’t. B．Yes, it can. C．We’re not sure. 29．Which of the following shows the structure（结构）of the passage? A． B． C． 8 （2024·贵州黔东南·二模）The ancient silk road was a once-in-a-lifetime journey. It was one of the most important milestones (里程碑) of trade and culture in world history, and the pioneer, Zhang Qian, could not be easily forgotten by history. He was an outstanding diplomat, traveler and explorer (探险家) in the Han Dynasty of China, remembered as “the first Chinese to open their eyes to see the world” and “the Columbus (哥伦布) of the east”. In 138 BC, Zhang Qian was sent to the west of China for an alliance with the Yue-chi people to fight against the Xiongnu. He started his trip from Chang’an to Longxi. But unfortunately, Zhang was caught by the Xiongnu people just as he left Han, and was held prisoner (囚犯) for ten years. Zhang finally managed to escape with some of his men and continued to travel west. When Zhang at last reached the Yue-chi in Northern India, he was disappointed to find that they didn’t want to fight against the Xiongnu people. On the return journey, Zhang Qian and his men were again caught. It was not until 125 BC that they returned to Chang’an. Though Zhang hadn’t finished his task, he brought back first-hand information about Central Asia. The paths Zhang Qian explored later served as the highways connecting Europe, the Middle East, Mesopotamia, Central Asia, and East Asia. Commodities (商品) have been transported by merchants along this network of highways, which have been known as the “Silk Road” since the 19th century. Zhang Qian has been remembered as the great explorer that opened up a new era (时代) of cultural exchange between East and West. 30．The underlined word “alliance” in Paragraph 2 has the similar meaning to ________. A．decision B．exploration C．agreement 31．According to the passage, what kind of person is Zhang Qian? A．Careful and creative. B．Brave and strong-minded. C．Proud and open-minded. 32．What is the best title for the passage? A．Zhang Qian and the Silk Road B．Zhang Qian and the Yue-chi People C．The Importance of the Silk Road 33．The writer would most probably talk about ________ after Paragraph 4. A．how the Silk Road made a difference to the cultural exchange B．why merchants did business along the Silk Road C．what Zhang Qian did in the rest of his lifetime 9 （2024·广东广州·二模）Many of you should have heard of Tiangong Kaiwu. It is one of the greatest technological encyclopedias written in Chinese. But how much do you know about its author, Song Yingxing? Song was a brilliant scientist during the late Ming dynasty. He was born into an ordinary family in 1587 and had a happy childhood. He and his brother Song Yingsheng went to school together. Both of them were very smart. Song won third place while his brother won sixth in the provincial Imperial Exam (科举考试). Later, Song and his brother took the national Imperial Exam, but they both failed. They had no choice but to take up jobs offered to them by the provincial government. Song worked as a teacher for many years. Meanwhile, he sat for the national Imperial Exam for another four times. Unluckily, he never achieved success. On his repeated trips to the capital to take the exams, however, he learned about the different technologies that were being used in different fields. His wide knowledge enabled him to create Tiangong Kaiwu in the 1630s. The name of the Chinese encyclopedia refers to humans’ making good use of the wealth of nature with the help of technologies. The book covers more than 130 technologies of farming and manufacturing. The explanations are clear and detailed. There are also many pictures to help with the understanding of the text. The encyclopedia became popular soon after it was produced and sold to the public. The Ming dynasty fell in 1644, but Song and his brother refused to work for the new Qing government and gave up their jobs. Song lived a poor life until the day he died. In his final years, he wrote many articles and poems against the Qing government. Tens of years later, some Qing officials found these articles and poems. They were so angry that they destroyed all of Song’s works. Luckily, Tiangong Kaiwu had already spread to many other countries, though it wouldn’t find its way back to China until the end of the Qing dynasty in 1911. Finally, Chinese people were able to marvel at this great scientist again. 34．Why was the repeated trips to the capital important to Song Yingxing? A．He got a job offered by the provincial government. B．He finally achieved success because of his hard work. C．He could fight for his dream together with Song Yingsheng. D．He experienced a lot and learned practical scientific knowledge. 35．In what order did the following happen in Song Yingxing’s life? a．He wrote Tiangong Kaiwu encyclopedia. b．His works were destroyed by the government. c．He lived a poor life because he didn’t serve the government. d．He won good places in the provincial exam with his brother. e．He tried several times in the national Imperial Exam but failed. A．d, a, e, b, c B．d, e, a, c, b C．c, d, a, e, b D．c, a, b, e, d 36．What is the main focus of Tiangong Kaiwu? A．The life of working as a teacher. B．Song Yingxing’s poems and articles. C．The way human beings use technologies. D．The Songs’ knowledge learned from different fields. 37．What can we know about Tiangong Kaiwu according to the passage? A．It was destroyed by officials after it was produced. B．Its cover was made with the help of 130 technologies. C．It helped spread traditional Chinese skills to the world. D．It included articles and poems against the Qing government. 10 （2024·江苏南京·三模）Long ago, China was divided into kingdoms (战国). The kingdoms were often at war, so good military leaders were important. One such leader was Tian Ji, a general in the State of Qi. Tian Ji’s best friend was Sun Bin. Sun Bin had been a military official in the State of Wei. After he was unfairly fired from his job, he moved to the State of Qi. Sun Bin taught Tian Ji a lot about military strategy. At that time, horse racing was the most popular entertainment for the rich. People bet money on the races. Tian Ji was a fan of horse racing, but he wasn’t very good at betting. One day, Tian Ji again lost money at the races. He went home feeling sorry for himself. When Sun Bin saw how sad Tian Ji was, he said, “Take me with you next time. Maybe I can help you win!” A week later, Tian Ji did just that. Sun Bin learned how the races worked very quickly. He saw that the horses were divided into three types according to speed. First-class horses were the fastest, and third-class horses were the slowest. Each type had their own race and people bet on each race. In order to win the overall bet, a person only needed to win two of the three races. Sun Bin also noticed that each type had a different saddle color. This was to tell the different horses apart. Soon, Sun Bin developed a strategy to help Tian Ji. “Trust me,” he told Tian Ji. “I know exactly how you can win!” Tian Ji got so excited he challenged the king to a race. Tian Ji did everything that Sun Bin told him to do. For the first race, he put the first-class saddle on his third-class horse. The king’s first-class horse easily beat Tian Ji’s third-class horse. For the second race, Sun Bin told Tian Ji to put the second-class saddle on his first-class horse. And sure enough, Tian Ji won the second race. His first-class horse was better than the king’s second-class horse. Finally, for the third race, Tian Ji used his second-class horse. Once again, he won. This time it was against the king’s third-class horse. The king was shocked. Tian Ji was the overall winner. The king congratulated Tian Ji, but he was curious. “Tian Ji, where did you get such good horses?” he asked. “Your Majesty,” Tian Ji replied, “I did not win because I found great horses. I won because of the strategy I used. It was Sun Bin’s strategy, and it worked!” “Really?” said the king. “What exactly was this strategy?” Tian Ji told the king all about how he switched horses. He explained how Sun Bin knew that even when two opponents were unevenly matched, a strategy could be used to minimize losses. In this case, losing only once meant that Tian Ji was still the overall winner. Hearing this, the king immediately made Sun Bin the military adviser for the whole army. Sun Bin’s strategies and Tian Ji’s leadership led the State of Qi to many military victories. 38．What’s “kingdom” mean? A．People are fighting in the war. B．Rulers are killing people. C．Cultures are becoming different from others. D．Several countries are divided and confronted (对峙). 39．Which of the following is true? A．Sun Bin was Tian Ji’s friend. B．Tian Ji was fighting with the King. C．Tian Ji won the horses’ race. D．The King hated Tian Ji because of the failure of the race. 40．If the first-class horse was ①, the second was ②, the third was ③, which one was Tian Ji’s order? A．③①② B．②③① C．①③② D．③②① 41．Tian Ji was ▲ . Which word is the best for ▲? A．silly B．careful C．selfish D．forgetful 42．What is the story tells us? A．We should be careful to every detail so that we can succeed. B．We should be glib that the enemy may be confused. C．We should be deterrent that makes the enemy afraid. D．We should invite others to help us so that we can have a rest. 11 （2024·江苏无锡·三模）Like detectives, archaeologists use evidence to solve mysteries. Detectives look for clues to solve crimes. Archaeologists look for clues to help them understand how people lived long ago. In fact, the word “archaeology” means “the study of ancient things”. One type of evidence used to learn about the past is pottery. People have used pottery for thousands of years all over the world. Old pottery is usually found in pieces called “potsherds”. Sometimes potsherds found in the same place can be put back together to recreate the original pot. Even in pieces, old pottery can teach us about the past. When examining pottery, archaeologists consider not only its appearance but what it was made of and how it was made. With this knowledge, they can get information about people’s lives in ancient times. ① Pottery is made by first adding water to a kind of soil called clay. When wet clay can be formed into shapes. It is then heated. This hardens (使变硬) the clay and allows it to keep its shape. To make clay easier to shape and heat, potters (制陶工) use something called “temper”. Different materials can be used as temper. An archaeologist can tell where a pot came from by the types of clay and temper that were used. Sometimes a pot found in one location might have materials from another place. ② Some of the earliest pots were made quite simply. A piece of clay was hollowed (掏空) out and shaped into a bowl. It was then heated at a low temperature. The finished pot was rough (粗糙), and often undecorated. This type of pot might be used for cooking.③ Later, coiled pots were made. These were made by first rolling the clay into a long snake shape. The coil was then wound (绕) in circles to form a pot. They were often decorated in different ways. These pots were heated at high temperatures. The higher the temperature, the harder and longer-lasting the pot. Further improvements in pottery-making developed in different times and places. ④ A pot’s shape and decoration can provide clues about the past. Painted pictures might show events from daily life or from ancient stories. Archaeologists know certain shapes and styles that were common in different times and places. Archaeologists study the differences in types of pottery closely. Because of their work, these daily objects can tell some of the mysteries of the past. 43．Why are detectives and archaeologists mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．To compare the pottery with evidence. B．To show the long history of pottery. C．To lead to the topic of the passage. D．To catch readers’ attention to archaeology. 44．We can put “This can provide clues about how people traded or travelled.” in Blank ________. A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 45．When is temper added to the clay? A．Before the clay is shaped. B．After the pot is heated. C．While the pot is being decorated. D．When the clay is hollowed. 46．What is the main idea of this passage? A．People have used pottery for thousands of years all over the world. B．Pots are decorated with pictures that show events from ancient stories. C．Ancient pottery can tell about the lives of the people who made and used it. D．Archaeologists look for clues to solve mysteries in different times and places. 12 （2024·安徽合肥·二模） What? A flush toilet (抽水马桶) from over 2,000 years ago? Is that even possible? Well, according to a research team in China, the answer is yes! Not long ago, Chinese researchers discovered several broken parts of a 2,400-year-old flush toilet. They believe it might be the world’s oldest flush toilet. “It is the first and only ancient flush toilet that has been found in China,” said Liu Rui, a researcher. “Everybody on the research team was taken by surprise when we found it, and then we all couldn’t help laughing.” Described by researchers as a “luxury (奢华的) object”, the toilet is thought to have been placed inside the palace. According to the researchers, this toilet might have been used by Duke Xiao of Qin or his father, Duke Xian of Qin. Liu pointed out that the toilet was probably set indoors and connected to an outdoor hole. There are many historical records about toilets in ancient China and some ancient toilets have been found. It shows that the ancient Chinese already realised the importance of hygiene (卫生). And to people’s surprise, it seems that there is not too much difference between ancient toilets and the modern ones we see today. 47．How did the researchers feel when they found the ancient toilet? A．Common. B．Bored. C．Quiet. D．Surprised. 48．Which of the following is mentioned in Paragraph 5? A．The toilet was hard to use. B．The toilet was used outdoors. C．The toilet was a luxury object. D．The toilet was used for hygiene. 49．What does the underlined word “ones” in the last paragraph refer to (指的是)? A．Toilets. B．Objects. C．Palaces. D．Records. 50．In which part of a magazine can we read the text? A．Art. B．History. C．Science. D．Education. 13 （2024·陕西西安·一模）The Zeng Houyi Chime Bells (编钟) were uncovered from the Zeng Houyi Tomb in Suizhou, Hubei Province in 1978. They are historically important treasure of China. The Zeng Houyi Chime Bells are hung at three levels and are set in eight groups. There are 19 bells in three groups at the top level, 33 bells in three groups at the middle level and 12 bells in two groups at the bottom level. Besides, there is a much larger bell used to adjust pitch (调节音高). The bells in each row are different from one another in shape and size. The Zeng Houyi Chime Bells are hung on two sets of wood racks (架子), One rack is 7.48meters long and 2.65 meters wide. The other rack is 3.35 meters long and 2.73 meters wide. The two racks are perpendicular to each other, which forms an angle of ninety degrees. The Zeng Houyi Chime Bells weigh a total of 5 tons. The biggest bell is of 153.4 cm in height and 203.6 kg in weight while the smallest bell is of 20.4 cm in height and 2.4 kg in weight. Five musicians were needed to play the instrument in the past. These bells have no clappers (铃舌) and are sounded by striking. Because of their shape, each bell could produce two different tones (音色)—one if struck at the side, the other at the center. The whole set of chime bells is able to produce all the tones of a modern piano. 51．How many bells does the whole set of chime bells have in all? A．45. B．52. C．64. D．65. 52．Which picture shows that two lines are “perpendicular” to each other? A． B． C． D． 53．What does the fifth paragraph mainly tell us? A．How these bells were played in the past. B．How many musicians were needed to play the bells in the past. C．Why the chime bells have no clappers. D．How many tones each bell could produce. 54．The following paragraph can best go after ________. In brief, there are more than 2, 800 Chinese characters relating to music and the making of the instrument on the bells. Instruments of such a scale and such fine craftsmanship (工艺) were quite rare (稀有的) in the world at the time. A．Paragraph 1 B．Paragraph 3 C．Paragraph 4 D．Paragraph 5 14 （2023·浙江杭州·一模）How do we know about things that happened thousands of years ago, when there were no videos or photos? One answer is written records. The earliest written records of Chinese culture are known as oracle bone inscriptions (甲骨文). More than 3,000 years ago, people in the Shang Dynasty (16th—11th century BC) liked to ask fortune tellers (占卜师) about the future. For example, what will the weather be like next week? Where should I go to make money? Will my wife give birth to a boy or a girl? From work to love, people asked questions about many topics. The fortune teller would write the question on an oracle bone, heat it up, and then read the cracks (裂纹) in it to find an answer. Tens of thousands of oracle bones have been found so far. They can tell us a great deal about how people lived during the Shang Dynasty. “They help us understand the origins of Chinese philosophy ( 哲学) and thought, and find out where our culture comes from,” Song Zhenhao, a leading oracle bone expert, told China Daily. In addition to telling us about ancient Chinese culture, the oracle bones are also key to understanding the growth and development of the written form of the Chinese language. Many of the characters we use today are similar to those used 3,000 years ago. “The oracle bone inscriptions, as the earliest-known form of Chinese characters, stand for the beauty and specificity of a language that has been passed down.” said Chen Nan, a professor at Tsinghua University. In 2017, UNESCO added oracle bone inscriptions to its Memory of the World Register (“世界记忆”名录). They are indeed an important memory of ancient China. 55．How does the writer lead into the topic? A．By giving examples. B．By asking questions. C．By explaining details. D．By telling a story. 56．Which of the following question might people ask fortune tellers thousands of years ago? A．Who stole my money last night? B．How is the weather today? C．Where can I find a good job? D．How many children do I have? 57．What do paragraph 3 and paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．A lot of oracle bones have been found in China right now. B．The oracle bones tell us the history of Chinese characters. C．The oracle bone inscriptions are the earliest-known Chinese characters. D．Oracle bones tell us much about ancient Chinese culture and language. 58．The writer thinks the oracle bone inscriptions are ________ to Chinese people. A．common B．rare C．valuable D．useful 15 （2022·江西萍乡·模拟预测）Did you see any discussions about archaeology（考古学）on social media in 2020? The subject became popular because of Zhong Fangrong, a girl who got a very high score in gaokao. As a liberal arts（文科）student in Hunan, Zhong chose to major in archaeology at Peking University. As a “left-behind girl” in a small village. Zhong was expected to apply for a “money-related” major so that she could make more money for her family. But she made her decision by following her heart. Many Internet users were surprised by her decision and questioned her, saying that she would be wasting her efforts. “You will regret your choice once you enter the job market,” one of them wrote. But museums and archaeology researchers were supporting Zhong. They have sent her archaeology books and letters of congratulation. Lin Zhivan, an archaeologist from Sichuan, said Internet users who questioned Zhong’s choice had little understanding of the subject. After graduation, Zhong can work at public museums or archaeology research institutes, which offer stable（稳定的）jobs and good pay, or she can choose to work for private archaeological companies that offer even higher pay. These are common choices for young people who major in archaeology. Actually, archaeology might have a more hopeful future than you might think. In 2020, President Xi Jinping stressed several times that archaeological research should be greatly emphasized（重视）. Archacological findings disclose the origin（起源）and evolution（演变）of Chinese culture, which can build up people’s confidence in Chinese culture. Gu Yunong, a senior archaeology student at Peking University, said the major is meaningful. “For the country and humankind, archaeology builds up our cultural identity. For people like me, it allows us to travel between the past and the present.” Gu said, “Archaeology has made my life more meaningful.” 59．What can we know about Zhong Fangrong according to the passage? A．She became popular on social media in 2020. B．She was a liberal arts student in Hubei Province. C．She chose to major in archaeology at Peking University. D．She didn’t make an effort in the National College Entrance Examination. 60．Match the persons with the information and choose the right answer. ①President Xi Jinping ②Liu Zhiyan ③Gu Yunong ④one Internet use a. Archaeology makes his life more meaningful. b. Zhong will regret her choice when she looks for a job. c. Archaeological research should be greatly emphasized. d. Zhong can work at public museums or archaeology research institutes. A．①-c ②-d ③-a ④-b B．①-a ②-c ③-b ④-d C．①-c ②-a ③-b ④-d D．①-a ②-b ③-c ④-d 61．What can we infer according to the passage? A．Before 2020, archaeology was a popular major. B．Many students chose to learn archaeology in the past. C．Archaeology is not as important as money-related” majors. D．There will be more students to study archaeology in the future. 62．What is Zhong Fangrong’s personality according to the passage? A．Shy and helpful. B．Brave and strong-minded. C．Careful and serious. D．Active and warm-hearted. 16 （2021·浙江温州·二模） For centuries the pyramids of Giza have been timeless symbols of Egyptian culture. Who actually built them? For years, we did not know for sure. But archaeologists recently discovered an ancient village near the pyramids. Close by, there was a cemetery where pyramid builders were buried. From studying these places, archaeologists can now confirm that the pyramids were not built by slaves or foreigners (or space aliens!). Ordinary Egyptians built them. It took about eighty years to build the pyramids. According to archaeologists, about 20,000-30,000 people were involved in completing the task. The workers had different roles. Some dug up the rock, some moved it, and some shaped it into blocks. People also worked in different teams, each with its own name. These teams often competed to do a job faster. ________. “We can see that in their skeletons,”says Azza Mohamed Sarry El-Din, a scientist studying bodies found in the cemetery. The bones show signs of arthritis, which developed from carrying heavy things for a long time. Archaeologists have also found many female skeletons in the village and cemetery. The damage to their bones is similar to that of the men. Their lives may have been even tougher. Male workers lived to age 40-45, but women to only 30-35. However, workers usually had enough food, and they also had medical care if they got sick or hurt. The task was challenging, but laborers were proud of their work. On a wall in Khufu’s Great Pyramid, for example, a group of workers wrote Friends of Khufu. “It’s because they were not just building the cemetery of their king,” says Egyptian archeologist Zahi Hawass. “They were building Egypt. It was a national project, and everyone took part in it.” 63．According to the passage, the workers built the pyramids ________. A．with foreigners B．by machine C．in many teams D．for eight years 64．Which of the following can be put in the blank ________ in the passage? A．These jobs needed lots of skills B．Only men took part in the work C．The workers had a healthy diet D．Life for these workers was hard 65．What can we infer about the people who wrote “Friends of Khufu” on the wall? A．They were looking for new friends. B．They were pleased with their task. C．They took great pride in their king. D．They missed their old friends a lot. 66．What’s the best title of this passage? A．The Builders of the Pyramids B．An Ancient Village in Egypt C．The Protection of the Pyramids D．The Great Pyramids in Egypt 17 （2021·广东深圳·二模）On March 20, the Sanxingdui Ruins in Guanghan, Sichuan drew the world’s attention. Chinese archaeologists(考古学家) announced that they have found more than 500 cultural relics(遗址) in six pits(坑) at the site, which dates back over 3,200 years. The relics include bronzeware(青铜器), gold and bronze masks, ivory, jade and textiles(纺织品). The Sanxingdui Ruins, which were first discovered in 1929, are believed to be the remains of the ancient Shu Kingdom. The kingdom was a center of civilization along the upper reaches of Yangtze River. In 1986, archaeologists discovered two pits that they believed were used for sacrificial(献祭的) ceremonies. At that time, over 1,000 artifacts were found, including bronzeware, face masks and “divine(神圣的) trees”-bronze sculptures of trees. The discovery of Sanxingdui raised an important question about the origins of Chinese civilization. The ancient Shu civilization that built Sanxingdui is believed to be one of the earliest examples of Chinese civilization. The site, along with the Liangzhu and Shijiahe sites along the Yangtze River, shows that the birthplace of Chinese civilization might not have been only along the Yellow River Basin(流域) in north China. The newly-discovered relics are similar to those found in 1986, as they also include divine trees and bronze masks. They further support the idea that the pits were used for sacrificial purposes. “These artifacts show that the Sanxingdui site had a close connection with Central China, but it also marks an original ancient civilization(in Sichuan) with strong creativity,” said Chen Xiandan, a member of the excavation(发掘) project. 67．What do we know about the relics found at the Sanxingdui Ruins recently? A．They are made of gold. B．They were all found in the same pit. C．They were created about 3,200 years ago. D．They were used for sacrificial ceremonies in 1986. 68．What does the word “artifacts” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．The remains of a building. B．Ancient ceremonies. C．Historical objects. D．Bronze sculptures. 69．Paragraph 4 shows that Chinese civilization ___________. A．started earlier than was believed before B．might have several different origins C．was centered along the Yangtze River D．developed from the ancient Shu civilization 70．What do the newly-discovered relics suggest? A．Sanxingdui is more important than the sites in Central China. B．The Sanxingdui Ruins are part of the Liangzhu Ruins. C．Sanxingdui was built by the ancient Shu Kingdom. D．The ancient Shu civilization was creative. 71．What is the best title for this passage? A．New Discovery of Sanxingdui B．Chinese Cultural Relics C．Ancient Civilization D．Work of Chinese Archaeologists 二、完形填空 1 （2024·陕西榆林·三模）Lyu Meng grew up and became better and better at fighting. Deng Dang started to see him with 72 eyes. Finally, he became the assistant (助手) to Deng Dang. A few years later, Deng Dang 73 . After his death, Lyu Meng became the leader of his army. Lyu Meng was very brave but he was not well 74 . The emperor (皇帝) of the Eastern Wu Kingdom was called Sun Quan. He saw the 75 Lyu Meng. One day, he said, “You’re 76 , but an army leader needs more than bravery. He needs to read and learn.” Lyu Meng claimed (声称) that he was too busy to read books. The emperor said, “I don’t expect you to read every 77 in the world. But you must read some about war and history! Lyu Meng was not sure. The emperor told him, “I used to be the same as you. I 78 the point of reading. I was only interested in learning to fight better. But one day, I 79 a book and began to see the world with new eyes. I got a lot from reading.” After some more discussion, Lyu Meng said, “You’re 80 .” From then on, Lyu Meng began to read more books and Sun Quan put him in a(n) 81 position. Finally, he became a very famous general in his time. 72．A．small B．big C．new D．old 73．A．laughed B．cried C．died D．returned 74．A．dressed B．educated C．thought D．fought 75．A．problem with B．pride of C．interest in D．answer to 76．A．clever B．brave C．honest D．strong 77．A．notice B．stone C．diary D．book 78．A．didn’t see B．saw C．heard D．didn’t hear 79．A．turned on B．put down C．picked up D．threw away 80．A．wrong B．right C．rich D．poor 81．A．strange B．expensive C．peaceful D．important 2 （2024·福建厦门·二模） It is true that hard workers are always fighting against the attraction of sleep. The allusion (典故) Xuan Liang Ci Gu tells 82 stories about the hard experience of keeping awake. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a 83 politician named Sun Jing, who really enjoyed studying, even in the 84 . In case he fell asleep when reading at night, Sun 85 a special way that would help him. He tied his hair to the beam (房梁) while 86 . Then, if he felt sleepy, his hair would be pulled upward by the rope and the 87 would wake him up. Before you are 88 by Sun’s action, the story of Su Qin, another celebrated man who lived in the Warring States Period, was more shocking. According to Strategies of the Warring States, when Su was young, he 89 so many times to get a governmental position that he even let his family down. So he 90 to work harder. When he felt sleepy at night, he used a sharp tool to stab at his thigh(大腿) to make him become awake and focus on reading again. 91 , Su’s hard work were rewarded. Finally, he realized his dream and became successful. Then, people joined Su’s story with Sun’s and created the allusion Xuan Liang Ci Gu. At present, although we are not supposed to follow their actions, their spirits are still meaningful and encouraging. 82．A．two B．three C．four 83．A．poor B．famous C．polite 84．A．morning B．afternoon C．evening 85．A．made sure B．heard from C．thought of 86．A．sleeping B．reading C．resting 87．A．sound B．hair C．pain 88．A．surprised B．excited C．moved 89．A．failed B．fell C．felt 90．A．preferred B．decided C．agreed 91．A．Directly B．Correctly C．Certainly 3 （2024·吉林长春·三模）Lian Po and Lin Xiangru were two important people in the State of Zhao. Lian was a brave 92 , and Lin was an excellent advisor. Lian was famous for winning battles (战役) and making his 93 scared. He once led the Zhao army to victory against the State of Qi. Everyone 94 him for his bravery. Lin, on the other hand, was clever and knew how to use 95 to solve problems. He once saved the Heshibi 96 the King of Zhao and became a trusted advisor. But there was a problem. Lian felt worried after Lin got a 97 position than him. He thought he should be given greater honor because of his achievements on the battlefield, 98 Lin achieved success just through his skills in speaking and debating (辩论). Sometimes, Lian even spoke ill of Lin behind his back. Lin didn’t want any trouble, so he 99 meeting Lian. He didn’t want to argue or fight. Lian thought he was winning because it 100 that Lin was scared of him. Lin’s friends, however, were 101 about this. They thought Lin was too kind and weak. But Lin explained that he didn’t have 102 to fight Lian because it would harm their country. He believed that if they 103 together, the State of Zhao would become powerful. When Lian heard this, he felt ashamed. He realized he was being foolish and 104 caused trouble for their country. So he said sorry to Lin, and they became good friends. They worked together to serve the State of Zhao and 105 personal problems. Lian and Lin showed us that even if we have differences, we can still put aside our pride and 106 great things when we pay full attention to what’s best for the greater good as friends. 92．A．banker B．doctor C．king D．general 93．A．friends B．kids C．parents D．enemies 94．A．admired B．interviewed C．noticed D．understood 95．A．guns B．knives C．pictures D．words 96．A．as B．for C．from D．with 97．A．higher B．lower C．larger D．smaller 98．A．since B．until C．unless D．while 99．A．avoided B．continued C．remembered D．started 100．A．found B．appeared C．mentioned D．reported 101．A．quiet B．surprised C．excited D．upset 102．A．plans B．powers C．reasons D．places 103．A．mixed B．pulled C．got D．lived 104．A．ever B．also C．almost D．still 105．A．helped with B．dealt with C．forgot about D．cared for 106．A．achieve B．prevent C．miss D．accept 4 （2021·安徽黄山·二模）Did you know that chocolate comes from a tree? The cacao tree gets large brown fruits called cocoa pods（荚）, and 107 the pods are cocoa beans. To make chocolate, 108 we leave the beans in the dark for a few days, and then 109 them in the sun. After that, the beans are pressed hard until a dark liquid（液体）comes out. That liquid is pressed 110 it separates and the result is cocoa butter（可可脂）, which can be turned into chocolate. What a lot of work just to make a piece of chocolate! The first people to 111 cacao trees for chocolate were the Mayans, who lived in Mexico thousands of years ago. They used chocolate to make a special 112 that they used during their religious（宗教的）services. When people from Spain came to Mexico, they discovered the drink. They took chocolate home with them, and soon the passion for chocolate 113 all over Europe! Wouldn’t you like to have a cacao tree in your 114 so you could have your own special supply chocolate? Well, don’t even think about it! Cacao trees can only grow in rainforests, where it is very hot and 115 all the time. What a pity! Chocolate is good for you as long as you don’t eat it all day long! It has iron（铁）, which is good for your body! But remember where there is chocolate, there is 116 ! So don’t eat too much, and remember to brush your teeth after you eat it! 107．A．outside B．around C．besides D．inside 108．A．first B．most C．last D．though 109．A．clean B．try C．dry D．enjoy 110．A．until B．unless C．because D．whether 111．A．suggest B．grow C．train D．water 112．A．water B．fruit C．wealth D．drink 113．A．served B．spread C．lived D．considered 114．A．garden B．room C．kitchen D．classroom 115．A．cloudy B．snowy C．foggy D．rainy 116．A．salt B．juice C．sugar D．honey 参考答案 一、 1 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 【解析】本文讲述了“囊萤映雪”的故事，以此鼓励我们克服困难去追求知识。 1．推理判断题。根据“Both of these kids later became successful government officials.”这两个孩子后来都成了成功的政府官员。可知这两位孩子都是在艰苦的条件下，创造不同的方式坚持读书，最后成为了成功人士，说明他们都是努力学习的和聪明的。故选C。 2．词义猜测题。根据“In the past, people had a much harder time studying than we do...these tough conditions did not stop young minds from pursuing knowledge.”可知艰苦困难的条件没有阻止他们追求知识。tough与hard“艰难的”意思接近。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“All of these stories inspire people to study hard in spite of difficulties. We can also learn from these stories. Although some may sound a little exaggerated (夸张的) and romanticized, they are just like the dim light of fireflies that light up the road to knowledge.”可知谢村认为这些故事是鼓舞人心的。故选B。 4．最佳标题题。根据最后一段“they are just like the dim light of fireflies that light up the road to knowledge”并结合全文可知本文讲述了“囊萤映雪”的故事，是如何鼓励我们克服困难去追求知识的，并把这些故事比作成光。所以C选项“光明指引你”，最适合做标题。故选C。 2 5．D 6．C 7．A 【解析】本文主要讲了什么是五四运动及五四运动为什么很重要。 5．细节理解题。根据“The movement called upon people to fight for independence and pushed for more diverse (多样的) thinking. Young men and women called for women’s rights and critıcızed (批评) the tradition of arranged marriages. Writers explored new forms of literature. Other people looked at political and social thought, like Marxism (马克思主义), to find a path for China’s future.”可知五四运动呼吁在不同领域进行变革。故选D。 6．词义猜测题。根据“Xi underlined the need to strengthen studies of the May Fourth Movement and its spirit during a speech at the group study session of the political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee.”可知在中共中央政治局集体学习会议上，习近平主席强调要加强对五四运动及其精神的学习。underlined意为“强调”。故选C。 7．主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要讲了什么是五四运动及五四运动为什么很重要。故选A。 3 8．A 9．C 10．C 11．B 【解析】本文向我们介绍了罗马帝国。 8．细节理解题。根据“Rome was founded in 753 BC by its first king, Romulus”可知，罗马由其第一任国王罗慕路斯于公元前753年建立。故选A。 9．词义猜测题。根据“a kind of wild animal”可知，指的是野生动物，C选项符合，故选C。 10．细节理解题。根据“Thanks to their strong army, the Romans built such a huge empire and conquered (征服) new lands.”可知，由于他们强大的军队，罗马人建立了如此庞大的帝国，并征服了新的土地。故选C。 11．细节理解题。根据“They built roads and walls—things without which we can’t live now”可知，他们修建了道路和城墙，我们一直使用到现在。故选B。 4 12．B 13．B 14．D 15．C 16．C 【解析】本文介绍了英国地名的不同历史。 12．细节理解题。根据“Then the Romans arrived and built camps. These camps became cities called ‘castra’.”可知，是因为这些罗马人建的营地后来变成了被称作为“castra”的城市。故选B。 13．词义猜测题。根据“After the Romans left Britain, it was attacked by Anglo-Saxon people and became its new owners.”可知，这里提到了罗马人离开后，变更了主人，因此划线词是“攻击，袭击”，故选B。 14．细节理解题。根据“Then the Romans arrived and built camps.”可知，罗马人来了，建起了营地；根据“After the Romans left Britain, it was attacked by Anglo-Saxon people and became its new owners.”可知，盎格鲁-撒克逊人进攻不列颠；根据“Twelve hundred years ago, Vikings (维京人) came to England. They traded with the Anglo-Saxons but lived in their own villages.”可知，维京人来到英格兰，与盎格鲁-撒克逊人进行贸易；根据“Finally, in 1066, England became Norman (诺曼人的)—the Normans gave us the place name ‘grange’, which means ‘farm’.”可知，英格兰变成了诺曼，并被命名为“grange”，意思是农场，因此，正确的顺序是②④①③。故选D。 15．细节理解题。根据“Our best guess today is that the name comes from a Celtic word meaning ‘a fast-flowing river’.”可知，这个名字来自一个凯尔特词，意思是湍急的河流。故选C。 16．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据“The name of every British town and city has a long history.”可知，本文介绍了英国地名的不同历史。故选C。 5 17．A 18．B 19．C 20．B 【解析】本文主要介绍了欧洲城堡的历史及用途。 17．细节理解题。根据“These castles were very strong buildings where a king or prince could live safely with his army around him. Such castles let the king or prince watch out for attacks and keep out the people he did not like.”这些城堡是非常坚固的建筑，国王或王子可以在他的军队包围下安全地生活。这样的城堡可以让国王或王子警惕攻击，并把他不喜欢的人挡在外面。可知第一批城堡建于欧洲，以便国王或王子组织他人进攻。故选A。 18．细节理解题。根据“There were not many castles in Europe around 900 AD, but around 1000 AD things changed. Suddenly, many people were building castles because there was an increase in the fighting in Europe during this time.”公元900年左右，欧洲的城堡并不多，但公元1000年左右，情况发生了变化。突然间，许多人开始建造城堡，因为这段时间欧洲的战事增加了。可知公元1000年左右，欧洲建造了更多的城堡，因为那时这里有更多的战事。故选B。 19．细节理解题。根据“The first castles were made largely of wood in the beginning, but stone became more popular over time.”最初的城堡主要是用木头建造的，但随着时间的推移，石头变得更受欢迎。可知最初的城堡主要是用木头建造的。故选C。 20．主旨大意题。根据“The first castles were built in Europe around the 9th century...The castles also let the king or prince watch the people who lived around the castle.”以及联系全文可知文章的目的是介绍欧洲的城堡。故选B。 6 21．D 22．B 23．C 24．A 【解析】本文主要介绍了丝绸之路的起源、路线以及它对不同文化和国家之间的交流和交易的影响。 21．细节理解题。根据第二段“Traders traveling along the Silk Road carried silk, of course. They also carried and traded spices, cloth, valuable stones and gold.”可知，只有Tea没有提及。故选D。 22．细节理解题。根据第一段“the Silk Road covered almost 6, 500 kilometers.”可知，丝绸之路全长近6500公里。故选B。 23．推理判断题。根据第四段“All these people traveled the Silk Road, and they shared goods, stories, languages and cultures.”可知，在丝绸之路上他们分享货物、故事、语言和文化，由此推断丝绸之路沿线的古代中国人可能会说不同的语言。故选C。 24．推理判断题。根据第一段“The Silk Road is the name of different roads that long ago connected Europe, Africa and Asia.”及全文内容可知，主要介绍了丝绸之路的起源、路线以及它对不同文化和国家之间的交流和交易的影响。所以本文会出现在杂志的历史和地理部分。故选A。 7 25．B 26．C 27．B 28．A 29．C 【解析】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些有关奥运圣火的有趣事实。 25．细节理解题。根据“On October 18, 2021, people lighted the flame（火）of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece”可知，在2021年10月18日，人们在希腊奥林匹亚点燃了2022年北京冬奥会的圣火。故选B。 26．细节理解题。根据“In honor of the god, the Olympic flame appeared in ancient Olympic Games”可知，为了向神致敬，奥林匹克圣火出现在古代奥运会上。故选C。 27．细节理解题。根据“People don’t use a match to light the torch. They use a special mirror and the sunlight”可知，人们不用火柴来点燃火炬。他们使用一种特殊的镜子和阳光。故选B。 28．细节理解题。根据“In the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games, the flame went underwater in the Great Barrier Reef, the torch burnt at 2000℃. And the high temperature stopped water from putting out the flame”可知，水不能熄灭这个火焰。故选A。 29．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段为总述，引出主旨“这里有一些关于奥运圣火的有趣事实”，后面的段落均为具体的事实内容。故选C。 8 30．C 31．B 32．A 33．A 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了丝绸之路背后的故事——张骞出使西域。 30．词句猜测题。根据“In 138 BC, Zhang Qian was sent to the west of China for an alliance with the Yue-chi people to fight against the Xiongnu.”可知，张骞被派往西域，与月氏联盟对抗匈奴，由此可猜测alliance意为“结盟，联盟”。故选C。 31．推理判断题。通读全文可知，张骞在出使西域的过程中两次被俘，在历经困难后，依旧坚持信念，带回了有关中亚的第一手资料，因此他是勇敢的、意志坚定的。故选B。 32．最佳标题题。根据“The ancient silk road was a once-in-a-lifetime journey. It was one of the most important milestones of trade and culture in world history, and the pioneer, Zhang Qian, could not be easily forgotten by history.”可知，本文主要讲述了张骞和丝绸之路的故事，因此A项“张骞和丝绸之路”最适合做本文的标题。故选A。 33．推理判断题。根据“Zhang Qian has been remembered as the great explorer that opened up a new era of cultural exchange between East and West.”可知，张骞出使西域开启了东西方文化交流的新纪元，后文应介绍丝绸之路是如何促进东西方文化交流的。故选A。 9 34．D 35．B 36．C 37．C 【解析】本文主要介绍了明朝著名科学家宋应星的生平及他的著作《天工开物》的相关情况。 34．细节理解题。根据“On his repeated trips to the capital to take the exams, however, he learned about the different technologies that were being used in different fields.”可知，因为他经历了很多，学到了很多实用的科学知识。故选D。 35．细节理解题。根据“Song won third place while his brother won sixth in the provincial Imperial Exam (科举考试). Later, Song and his brother took the national Imperial Exam, but they both failed”可知，他和他哥哥在乡试中取得了好成绩，但是他参加了几次科举考试，但都失败了。根据“His wide knowledge enabled him to create Tiangong Kaiwu in the 1630s.”可知，他写了《天工开物》，结合选项，排除ACD，故选B。 36．细节理解题。根据“The name of the Chinese encyclopedia refers to humans’ making good use of the wealth of nature with the help of technologies”可知，《天工开物》的主要内容是人类如何利用技术有效地利用自然财富。故选C。 37．细节理解题。根据“Luckily, Tiangong Kaiwu had already spread to many other countries, though it wouldn’t find its way back to China until the end of the Qing dynasty in 1911”可知，《天工开物》帮助中国的传统技能传播到了世界各地。故选C。 10 38．D 39．A 40．A 41．B 42．A 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了在孙膑策略的指导下田忌赛马的故事，最终田忌成为赢家。 38．词义猜测题。根据汉语提示及“The kingdoms were often at war”可知，“kingdom”指的是国家，且是处于分裂和对峙的国家，故选D。 39．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Tian Ji’s best friend was Sun Bin.”可知，田忌最好的朋友是孙膑，所以选项A“孙膑是田忌的朋友”正确，故选A。 40．细节理解题。根据“For the first race, he put the first-class saddle on his third-class horse.”及“For the second race, Sun Bin told Tian Ji to put the second-class saddle on his first-class horse.”及“Finally, for the third race, Tian Ji used his second-class horse.”可知，田忌先用的是三等马，然后是一等马，最后是二等马，对应的是③①②，故选A。 41．推理判断题。根据“Tian Ji did everything that Sun Bin told him to do.”及语境可知，在赛马过程中，田忌认真对待，成为最终的赢家，所以B项“careful小心的，认真的”符合，故选B。 42．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了在孙膑策略的指导下田忌赛马的故事，最终田忌成为赢家。在这个过程中，他们每一步都很认真小心，步步为营，最终取得成功。选项A“我们应该小心每一个细节，这样我们才能成功”符合，故选A。 11 43．C 44．B 45．A 46．C 【解析】本文主要介绍了考古学家们通过研究出土的陶瓷来研究过去人们的生活。 43．推理判断题。根据“Like detectives, archaeologists use evidence to solve mysteries. Detectives look for clues to solve crimes. Archaeologists look for clues to help them understand how people lived long ago.”可推知，本段通过描写考古学家和侦探的相似之处是为了引出本文的主题，即考古学家通过研究出土的陶器来研究人们过去的生活。故选C。 44．推理判断题。根据“An archaeologist can tell where a pot came from by the types of clay and temper that were used. Sometimes a pot found in one location might have materials from another place.”可知，考古学家可以通过所使用的粘土类型和回火来判断陶器的来源，有时在一个地方发现的罐子里可能有来自另一个地方的材料，与“这可以提供人们如何交易或旅行的线索。”形成逻辑连接关系。故选B。 45．推理判断题。根据“To make clay easier to shape and heat, potters (制陶工) use something called ‘temper’.”可知，是为了使粘土更容易成型和加热，陶工们使用回火，故推出回火应在成型前添加。故选A。 46．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了考古学家们通过研究出土的陶器来研究过去人们的生活。故选C。 12 47．D 48．C 49．A 50．B 【解析】本文介绍的是考古发现的最古老的抽水马桶。 47．细节理解题。根据“Everybody on the research team was taken by surprise when we found it, and then we all couldn’t help laughing.”可知大家都很惊讶，故选D。 48．细节理解题。根据“Described by researchers as a ‘luxury (奢华的) object’, the toilet is thought to have been placed inside the palace.”可知这马桶是一件奢侈品。故选C。 49．词句猜测题。根据“And to people’s surprise, it seems that there is not too much difference between ancient toilets and the modern ones we see today.”可知古代马桶和我们今天看到的现代马桶似乎没有太大的区别。因此ones指代的是马桶，故选A。 50．推理判断题。本文介绍的是考古发现的最古老的抽水马桶。因此来自杂志的历史部分，故选B。 13 51．D 52．C 53．A 54．D 【解析】本文介绍了湖北随州曾侯乙墓出土的曾侯乙编钟。 51．推理判断题。根据第二段“There are 19 bells in three groups at the top level, 33 bells in three groups at the middle level and 12 bells in two groups at the bottom level.”和“Besides, there is a much larger bell used to adjust pitch (调节音高).”可知，这套编钟总共有19+33+12+1=65个钟，故选D。 52．推理判断题。根据第三段“The two racks are perpendicular to each other, which forms an angle of ninety degrees”可知，两个架子互相垂直，形成90度角，故选C。 53．主旨大意题。根据第五段“Five musicians were needed to play the instrument in the past.”可知，本段主要介绍了这些钟在过去是如何演奏的，故选A。 54．推理判断题。根据题干中“In brief, there are more than 2, 800 Chinese characters relating to music and the making of the instrument on the bells.”可知，本段是一个总结，应该放在第五段之后，故选D。 14 55．B 56．C 57．D 58．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了甲骨文的起源、发展以及它的价值。 55．细节理解题。根据“How do we know about things that happened thousands of years ago, when there were no videos or photos?”可知，作者是通过问问题的方式导入话题。故选B。 56．推理判断题。根据“More than 3,000 years ago, people in the Shang Dynasty (16th – 11th century BC) liked to ask fortune tellers (占卜师) about the future. For example, what will the weather be like next week? Where should I go to make money? Will my wife give birth to a boy or a girl? From work to love, people asked questions about many topics.”可知，几千年前的人们喜欢询问占卜师有关未来的问题。故选C。 57．主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“They help us understand the origins of Chinese philosophy ( 哲学) and thought, and find out where our culture comes from,”以及第四段中的“In addition to telling us about ancient Chinese culture, the oracle bones are also key to understanding the growth and development of the written form of the Chinese language.”可知，第三、四段主要讲述了从甲骨文中我们可以了解古代中国的文化和语言。故选D。 58．推理判断题。根据“In addition to telling us about ancient Chinese culture, the oracle bones are also key to understanding the growth and development of the written form of the Chinese language.”以及“They are indeed an important memory of ancient China.”可知，作者认为甲骨文对中国人是非常有价值的和重要的。故选C。 15 59．C 60．A 61．D 62．B 【解析】本文主要介绍了湖南高考生钟芳蓉以非常高的分数选择了北京大学考古学专业，从而引发的对考古学的讨论。 59．细节理解题。根据第二段“As a liberal arts（文科）student in Hunan, Zhong chose to major in archaeology at Peking University.”可知，钟芳蓉在北京大学主修考古学。故选C。 60．细节理解题。根据第六段“In 2020, President Xi Jinping stressed several times that archaeological research should be greatly emphasized（重视）.”可知，①和c搭配；根据第五段刘志岩所说的话“Zhong can work at public museums or archaeology research institutes”可知，②和d搭配；根据最后一段中古玉农所说的话“Archaeology has made my life more meaningful.”可知，③和a搭配；根据第三段“Many Internet users were surprised by her decision …one of them wrote.”可知，④和b搭配。故选A。 61．推理判断题。根据第六段可知，考古学的未来充满希望，国家需要更多的考古学家。由此可推知，未来可能会有更多的学生学习考古学。故选D。 62．推理判断题。根据第二段可知，虽然钟芳蓉被期望去申请一个与金钱相关的专业，但是她决定跟随自己的内心选择考古学。由此可推知，她是一个勇敢并且有主见的女孩。故选B。 16 63．C 64．D 65．C 66．A 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了金字塔的建造者及他们是怎样完成这个巨大工程的。 63．推理判断题。根据文中“According to archaeologists, about 20,000-30,000 people were involved in completing the task. The workers had different roles. Some dug up the rock, some moved it, and some shaped it into blocks. People also worked in different teams, each with its own name. These teams often competed to do a job faster.”可推理出，工人们分成许多团队建造金字塔。故选C。 64．词句猜测题。根据下文““We can see that in their skeletons,”says Azza Mohamed Sarry El-Din, a scientist studying bodies found in the cemetery. The bones show signs of arthritis, which developed from carrying heavy things for a long time. Archaeologists have also found many female skeletons in the village and cemetery. The damage to their bones is similar to that of the men. Their lives may have been even tougher.”由这些骨头显示出关节炎的迹象，这是由于长期携带重物而形成的。考古学家还在村庄和墓地中发现了许多女性骨骼。他们的骨骼损伤与男性相似。他们的生活可能更加艰难。可猜测出，空处的句子应是：这些工人的生活很艰难。故选D。 65．推理判断题。根据文中“On a wall in Khufu’s Great Pyramid, for example, a group of workers wrote Friends of Khufu. “It’s because they were not just building the cemetery of their king,” says Egyptian archeologist Zahi Hawass. “They were building Egypt. It was a national project, and everyone took part in it.””可推理出，关于在墙上写“胡夫之友”的人，他们以他们的国王为荣。故选C。 66．最佳标题。通读全文可知，主要讲述了金字塔的建造者及他们是怎样完成这个巨大工程的。故文章的最佳标题应是“金字塔的建造者”。故选A。 17 67．C 68．C 69．B 70．D 71．A 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了最近三星堆遗址新发现的6座三星堆文化“祭祀坑”。 67．细节理解题。根据原文“Chinese archaeologists(考古学家) announced that they have found more than 500 cultural relics(遗址) in six pits(坑) at the site, which dates back over 3,200 years”可知，这些文物的历史距今有3200年。故选C。 68．词句猜测题。根据原文“including bronzeware, face masks and ‘divine(神圣的) trees’-bronze sculptures of trees”可知，包括青铜器、面具和“神树”——树木的青铜雕塑，此处“artifacts”指的是“文物”。故选C。 69．细节理解题。根据原文“the birthplace of Chinese civilization might not have been only along the Yellow River Basin(流域) in north China”可知，文章第四段表明中华文明的发源地可能不仅仅是中国北方的黄河流域。故选B。 70．推理判断题。根据原文“These artifacts show that the Sanxingdui site had a close connection with Central China, but it also marks an original ancient civilization(in Sichuan) with strong creativity”可知，新发现的遗址出土的文物展示了古蜀文明的创造性。故选D。 71．最佳标题。通读全文可知，本文是一篇说明文，介绍了最近三星堆遗址新发现的6座三星堆文化“祭祀坑”。故选A。 二、 1 72．C 73．C 74．B 75．A 76．B 77．D 78．A 79．C 80．B 81．D 【解析】本文介绍了吕蒙骁勇善战，但是不愿意读书，在孙权的劝说下，开始读书，最后成为一带将领。 72．句意：邓当开始用新的眼光看待他。 small小的；big大的；new新的；old老的。根据“Lyu Meng grew up and became better and better at fighting.”可知吕蒙长大战场了打仗，所以邓当用新的眼光看待他。故选C。 73．句意：几年后，邓当死了。 laughed笑；cried哭；died死；returned归还，返回。根据“After his death”可知此处指邓当死了。故选C。 74．句意：吕蒙很勇敢，但他没有受过良好的教育。 dressed穿戴；educated教育；thought认为；fought打仗。根据“but an army leader needs more than bravery. He needs to read and learn.”可知吕蒙作为将领，还需要读书和学习，所以现在教育程度不够。故选B。 75．句意：他看到了吕蒙的问题。 problem with问题；pride of自豪；interest in兴趣；answer to回答。根据“Lyu Meng was very brave but he was not well...”可知此处指孙权看到了吕蒙的问题所在。故选A。 76．句意：你很勇敢。 clever聪明的；brave勇敢的；honest诚实的；strong强壮的。根据“but an army leader needs more than bravery. He needs to read and learn.”可知孙权说吕蒙很勇敢了，但是将领需要的不只是勇敢。故选B。 77．句意：我不期望你读世界上的每一本书。 notice注意；stone石头；diary日记；book书。根据“But you must read some about war and history!”可知此处指读书。故选D。 78．句意：我以前和你一样。我看不出读书的意义。 didn’t see没看见；saw看见；heard听说；didn’t hear没听见。根据“the point of reading”可知此处指没有看到读书的意义。故选A。 79．句意：但有一天，我拿起一本书，开始用新的眼光看世界。 turned on打开；put down放下；picked up捡起；threw away扔掉。根据“book and began to see the world with new eyes.”可知此处指拿起一本书看。故选C。 80．句意：你是对的。 wrong错误的；right正确的；rich富有的；poor贫穷的。根据“From then on, Lyu Meng began to read more books”可知吕蒙认为孙权说的是对的，所以开始读书。故选B。 81．句意：从那时起，吕蒙开始阅读更多的书籍，孙权把他放在一个重要的位置。 strange奇怪的；expensive昂贵的；peaceful平静的；important重要的。根据“Sun Quan put him in a(n)... position”可知孙权对吕蒙委以重任，所以是重要的位置。故选D。 2 82．A 83．B 84．C 85．C 86．B 87．C 88．A 89．A 90．B 91．C 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了典故悬梁刺股的两个故事，孙敬把头发绑在房梁上，苏秦用锋利的工具刺伤自己的大腿，他们用这种方式放自己保持清醒，持续学习。 82．句意：典故《悬梁刺股》讲述了两个关于保持清醒的艰难经历。 two二；three三；four四。根据“Before you are … by Sun’s action, the story of Su Qin, another celebrated man who lived in the Warring States Period, was more shocking”，可知《悬梁刺股》的典故来源于两个故事。故选A。 83．句意：东汉时期，有一个著名的政治家孙敬，他非常喜欢学习，甚至是在晚上。 poor贫穷的；famous著名的；polite礼貌的。根据“politician named Sun Jing”，可知孙敬是著名的政治家。故选B。 84．句意：东汉时期，有一个著名的政治家孙敬，他非常喜欢学习，甚至是在晚上。 morning早上；afternoon下午；evening晚上。根据“In case he fell asleep when reading at night”，可知他晚上很喜欢学习。故选C。 85．句意：为了防止晚上读书时睡着，孙想出了一个特殊的方法来帮助他。 made sure确信；heard from听说；thought of想出。根据“a special way that would help him”及“He tied his hair to the beam”，可知孙敬想到了头悬梁的方法。故选C。 86．句意：读书时，他把头发绑在房梁上。 sleeping睡觉；reading阅读；resting休息。根据“In case he fell asleep when reading at night”，可知头悬梁就是为了防止晚上读书时睡着而想出的办法。故选B。 87．句意：如果他困了，头发就会被绳子往上拉，疼痛会使他清醒。 sound声音；hair头发；pain疼痛。根据“his hair would be pulled upward by the rope”，可知头发被绳子往上拉会疼。故选C。 88．句意：在你对孙的举动感到惊讶前，另一位战国名人苏秦的故事更令人震惊。 surprised吃惊的；excited兴奋的；moved感动的。根据上文可知，孙敬为了在晚上也能好好读书，头悬梁的故事让人吃惊。故选A。 89．句意：根据《战国策》，当苏年轻的时候，他多次未能得到官府的职位，甚至让家人失望。 failed失败；fell落下；felt感觉。根据“he even let his family down”，可知苏秦因没有得到官府的职位让家人失望。故选A。 90．句意：因此他决定更努力地学习。 preferred更喜欢；decided决定；agreed同意。根据“he even let his family down”，可知苏秦让家人失望，因此决定作出更努力的决定。故选B。 91．句意：当然，苏的努力学习得到了回报。 Directly直接地；Correctly正确地；Certainly当然。根据“Finally, he realized his dream and became successful”，可知苏秦最终努力得到了回报，实现了梦想。故选C。 3 92．D 93．D 94．A 95．D 96．B 97．A 98．D 99．A 100．B 101．D 102．C 103．B 104．B 105．C 106．A 【解析】本文讲述了赵国的两位重要人物廉颇和蔺相如的故事。廉颇是一位勇猛的将军，而蔺相如是一位聪明的顾问。他们最初因为地位问题产生了矛盾，但最终廉颇意识到自己的错误，两人和解并共同为赵国服务，展现了团结一致为国家利益着想的精神。 92．句意：廉颇是一位勇敢的将军。 banker银行家；doctor医生；king国王；general将军。根据“Lian is famous for winning battles and ...”可知，他是一名骁勇善战的将军，故选D。 93．句意：廉颇通过赢得战役使他的敌人感到害怕。 friends朋友；kids孩子们；parents父母；enemies敌人。根据“Lian was famous for winning battles and making his ... scared”，可知他打赢战争是使得敌人害怕，故选D。 94．句意：每个人都因廉颇的勇敢而钦佩他。 admired钦佩；interviewed采访；noticed注意到；understood理解。admire sb for sth 因为某事而钦佩某人，这里是指钦佩他的勇敢，故选A。 95．句意：蔺相如知道如何使用言辞来解决问题。 guns枪；knives刀；pictures图片；words言辞。根据后文“Lin achieved success just through his skills in speaking and debating”，可知蔺相如擅长演讲和辩论，使用言辞解决问题，故选D。 96．句意：蔺相如曾经为赵王赢回何氏璧。 as作为；for为了；from从；with 与。根据“Lian Po and Lin Xiangru were two important people in the State of Zhao.”可知，蔺相如作为赵国重要人物，为赵王拿回和氏璧，故选B。 97．句意：廉颇在蔺相如得到比他更高的位置后感到担忧。 higher更高的；lower更低的；larger更大的；smaller更小的。根据“Lian felt worried ”可知，蔺相如得到了比廉颇更高的职位才让廉颇担忧，higher position 固定搭配，故选A。 98．句意：廉颇认为由于他在战场上的成就，他应该得到更大的荣誉，而蔺相如只是通过他的演讲和辩论技巧取得了成功。 since自从；until直到；unless除非；while然而。根据前后的逻辑关系可知，前后对比关系，while表示“然而”，故选D。 99．句意：蔺相如不想引起任何麻烦，所以他避免与廉颇见面。 avoided避免；continued继续；remembered记得；started开始。根据“Lin didn’t want any trouble,”可知，不想引起麻烦的方式是避免见面，故选A。 100．句意：廉颇认为他赢了，因为似乎蔺相如害怕他。 found发现；appeared似乎；mentioned提到；reported报告。it appeared表示不确定情况，“似乎，好像”，故选B。 101．句意：蔺相如的朋友们对此感到不高兴。 quiet安静的；surprised惊讶的；excited兴奋的；upset不高兴的。根据“They thought Lin was too kind and weak.”可知，蔺相如的朋友们认为他太善良太软弱，对此感到不高兴，故选D。 102．句意：但蔺相如解释说他没有理由与廉颇争斗，因为这会损害他们的国家。 plans计划；powers力量；reasons理由；places地方。根据“But Lin explained that he didn’t have ... to fight Lian because it would harm their country”，可知蔺相如解释了不去和廉颇争斗的“理由”，他顾全大局，不想损坏国家利益，故选C。 103．句意：他相信如果他们一起工作，赵国就会变得强大。 mixed混合；pulled拉；got得到；lived生活。pull together 表示“齐心协力”，根据“the State of Zhao would become powerful.”可知，只有两位臣子齐心协力才会使得国家强大，故选B。 104．句意：当廉颇听到这些时，他感到羞愧，他意识到自己愚蠢，也给国家制造了麻烦。 ever曾经；also也；almost几乎；still仍然。and前后表示并列关系，所以廉颇意识到自己行为的愚蠢，同时也给国家制造了麻烦，故选B。 105．句意：他们共同努力为赵国服务，忘记了个人问题。 helped with帮助；dealt with处理；forgot about忘记；cared for关心。根据“They worked together to serve the State of Zhao and ...”可知，廉颇和蔺相如为了国家利益，放下个人恩怨。forgot about personal problems 忘记个人问题，故选C。 106．句意：廉颇和蔺相如向我们展示即使我们有分歧，我们仍然可以放下骄傲并实现伟大的事情。 achieve实现；prevent阻止；miss错过；accept接受。achieve great things 实现伟大事情，故选A。 4 107．D 108．A 109．C 110．A 111．B 112．D 113．B 114．A 115．D 116．C 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何制作巧克力，它是怎么传到欧洲的，可可树的生长环境，以及巧克力对人体健康的好处和坏处。 107．句意：可可树结大的褐色果实，称为可可荚，荚内有可可豆。 outside在外面；around围绕；besides除此之外；inside在里面。根据常识可知，豆子应该在豆荚的里面。故选D。 108．句意：要做巧克力，我们先把豆子在黑暗中放几天，然后在阳光下晒干。 first首先；most大部分；last最后；though尽管。根据下文“and then”和“After that”可知，此处应填“first”表示制作巧克力步骤的顺序。故选A。 109．句意：要做巧克力，我们先把豆子在黑暗中放几天，然后在阳光下晒干。 clean清洗；try尝试；dry使变干；enjoy享受。根据“…in the sun.”可知，此处应表示要把可可豆放在太阳下晒干，C选项符合文意。故选C。 110．句意：这种液体被挤压直到分离出来，那就是可可脂，它可以制作成巧克力。 until直到；unless除非；because因为；whether是否。根据上文“…the beans are pressed hard until a dark liquid comes out.”可知，上一个步骤是挤压可可豆直到流出黑色液体，那这个步骤应该是挤压这种液体直到它分离出可可脂。故选A。 111．句意：最早种植可可树生产巧克力的是玛雅人，他们生活在几千年前的墨西哥。 suggest建议；grow种植；train训练；water浇水。根据下文“They used chocolate to make a special…that they used during their religious services.”可知，几千年前的墨西哥人会在宗教仪式中使用巧克力制成一种特殊饮料，由此可推测他们为了在宗教仪式上有稳定且足够的特殊饮料使用，应该会自己种植巧克力的原料可可树。故选B。 112．句意：他们用巧克力做了一种特殊的饮料，在宗教仪式上使用。 water水；fruit水果；wealth财富；drink饮料。根据下文“When people from Spain came to Mexico, they discovered the drink…”可知，当西班牙人来到墨西哥就发现了这种饮料，由此可知墨西哥人把巧克力制作成一种特殊的饮料。故选D。 113．句意：他们把巧克力带回家，很快对巧克力的热情就传遍了整个欧洲！ served提供；spread传播；lived居住；considered考虑。结合选项和“all over Europe”可知，自从西班牙人把巧克力带回家进行第一次传播后，很快它就传遍了整个欧洲。故选B。 114．句意：你不想在你的花园里种一棵可可树，这样你就可以有自己的特供巧克力了吗？ garden花园；room房间；kitchen厨房；classroom教室。根据“... so you could have your own special supply chocolate.”可知，有自己的特供巧克力意味着自己种可可树，结合选项可知“garden”是适合种植的地方。故选A。 115．句意：可可树只能生长在热带雨林里，那里总是炎热多雨。 cloudy多云的；snowy下雪的；foggy有雾的；rainy多雨的；结合常识和“rainforests”可知，热带雨林应是炎热多雨的。故选D。 116．句意：但是记住哪里有巧克力，哪里就有糖！ salt盐；juice果汁；sugar糖；honey蜂蜜。根据选项和常识可知，巧克力中有的应是糖。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$