主题13.航空航天与宇宙探索-2024-2025学年九年级英语上学期主题强化必备(阅读理解+完形填空)(通用版)

2024-2025学年九年级英语主题强化必备(阅读理解+完形填空)(通用版) 2024-2025学年九年级英语主题强化必备(阅读理解+完形填空)(通用版) 主题13.航空航天与宇宙探索 一、阅读理解 1 （2024·广东深圳·三模）Which planet is the most beautiful in our solar system? Many people may answer “Saturn”. Saturn is a funny-looking planet. It has beautiful rings. Of all the planets in the solar system, Saturn’s rings are the biggest and brightest. According to scientists, however, these rings will one day disappear completely. How did Saturn get its rings in the first place? Science has no sure answer. But there is a popular theory: Some small planets ran into each other with Saturn’s moons. Earth has only one moon. But Saturn has at least 60 moons. And this left behind a large amount of ice and rock pieces. These pieces are different in size. Some are as small as a grain of sand. Others are as large as a house. These small pieces began to travel around Saturn. Saturn’s gravity (引力) pulled them toward it. At the same time, the speed of their orbit (轨道) tried to throw them into space. Over time, these pieces of ice and rock formed rings around Saturn. A new study, however, suggests that Saturn’s gravity is winning. About ten tons of “ring matter” is falling into Saturn every second. If this continues, the planet’s ring system will no longer exist in 100 million to 300 million years’ time. According to scientists, Saturn’s rings are between 10 million and 100 million years old. “We’re lucky to be able to see Saturn’s huge ring system.” one of the scientists said. “Some of the planets in our solar system only have very thin rings today. Perhaps we just missed seeing their huge ring systems!” 1．Why is Saturn the most beautiful? A．Because it has huge bright rings. B．Because it is shining most strongly. C．Because it is especially studied by scientists. D．Because it has the biggest size in the solar system. 2．What do the rings of Saturn consist of? A．Sand and rock. B．Small moons. C．Ice and rock. D．Small planets. 3．What does the underlined sentence mean? A．The gravity of Saturn is disappearing. B．The ring matter is being thrown into space. C．The speed of the ring matter is slowing down. D．The ring matter is gradually becoming part of Saturn. 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Every planet has a ring system. B．Some planets used to have huge rings. C．Saturn’s rings are the oldest in the solar system. D．We can luckily see Saturn’s ring system forever. 5．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To show how Saturn slowly formed. B．To tell what Saturn’s rings are made up of. C．To describe how scientists study Saturn’s rings. D．To explain why Saturn’s rings are disappearing. 2 （2024·辽宁朝阳·三模）From the moon to Mars, scientists have been looking for water—the key to life—in the solar system for decades. Recently, they have turned to Jupiter (木星)! On April 14, the European Space Agency’s (ESA) JUICE spacecraft successfully lifted off from French Guiana in South America. JUICE, short for “Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer”, will collect data from Jupiter and its three moons, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto. The three moons are believed to have big oceans of liquid water (液态水) under their icy shells (壳). According to ESA, the water on these moons could be six times as much as the amount in Earth’s oceans. The mission (任务) “will change our understanding of the solar system”, wrote Scientific American. In 1998, NASA’s Galileo spacecraft found that Europa might be ejecting (喷射) water as far as 160 kilometers into space. That gave scientists the idea of studying the icy moons of Jupiter. The oceans under these moons are likely to be tens of kilometers deep. But they are also trapped under tens of kilometers of ice, making it very difficult to study them. Although JUICE cannot land on the surface, it has lots of high-tech equipment to study the moon’s environment, including spectral imaging (光谱成像) tools and radar (雷达). “They could give more data on things like the thickness of the oceans, their salt content (含量), and their distance from the icy shells above,” reported Phys.org. “The main goal is to understand whether there are habitable (适合居住的) environments among those icy moons and around a giant planet like Jupiter,” JUICE team member Olivier Witasse said during a press conference (发布会) on April 6. 6．JUICE has been sent to look for ______ on Jupiter. A．air B．sand C．gold D．water 7．Paragraph 4 mainly wants to tell us ______. A．how far water can be ejected B．why scientists wanted to study Jupiter C．what NASA’s Galileo spacecraft found D．which spacecraft was used to explore the universe 8．The underlined word “trapped” in Paragraph 5 has the closest meaning to “ ______”. A．locked B．created C．collected D．taken 9．The purpose of the task is to find out if ______. A．there are living things out there B．life can live on some of Jupiter’s moons C．there are lakes in the universe D．we can move water from Earth to the moons of Jupiter 3 （2024·江苏扬州·二模）Do you ever get the feeling that you’re being watched? Well, you might be right. According to a study published in Nature on June 23 th, astronomers have found that 1,715 stars have had a direct view of Earth since humans have been here. In order to do this, scientists used a method that looked for life on other planets. But instead, they changed the method so it could try to decide what places could see us. The team looked at 331,312 stars within 326 light-years of Earth. Out of all those stars, only 1,715 of them could see Earth within the last 5,000 years, with an extra 319 stars that will be able to see us in the next 5,000 years. “When I look up at the sky, it looks a little bit friendlier because it’s like, maybe someone is waving,” said Lisa Kaltenegger, director of the Carl Sagan  Institute at Cornell University, US, and the study’s lead writer. If a planet circling around one of those 1,715 stars is home to advanced (高级的) life, they could easily see that there is life here because of the oxygen on Earth. If that didn’t give it away, then the radio waves we have sent out into space would also be an indicator (标志). In fact, human-made radio waves have already travelled through 75 of the closest stars on Kaltenegger’s list. Why haven’t we heard from anyone yet, then? It takes a long time for messages to travel between star systems. By the time a message could be received, that advanced civilization (文明) would probably not exist any more. Alan Boss, a scientist at the Carnegie Institution for Science in the US who wasn’t part of the study, wrote in an email that this long time would limit the chances for different life to exchange “emails and TikTok videos. ” “So we should not expect aliens to show up anytime soon,” Boss said. 10．How many stars will be able to see us in the next 5,000 years? A．319. B．1,715. C．1,396. D．2,034. 11．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 6 refer to? A．A planet circling around one of those 1. 715 stars. B．Advanced life. C．Oxygen on Earth. D．Human-made radio waves. 12．What could prevent humans from exchanging messages with aliens according to Boss? A．Human-made radio waves cannot travel far. B．Aliens don’t exist. C．They can’t understand each other. D．It takes a long time for messages to travel. 13．What is the purpose of the text? A．To show new findings published in a study. B．To discuss if there is advanced life on other stars. C．To raise readers’ interest in aliens. D．To explain how messages travel between different star systems. 4 （2024·河南周口·二模）Almost every night, we can look out and see the moon. And yet, every night it looks different. We call this the phases of the moon. The moon doesn’t really change shape. It is always shaped like a ball. Why does the moon look different? Every 27 and 1/3 days, the moon completes one full path around the earth. The moon also spins as it makes its orbit (轨道), or path, around the earth. The same side of the moon always faces the earth. It is just that sometimes we can see more of it. The moon does not make its own light. The light comes from the sun. The moon reflects the light from the sun. As the moon revolves around the earth, you see different amounts of the moon’s bright side. This causes the phases of the moon. Some days we cannot see the moon at all. Some days we just see a thin sliver. Have you ever heard that the moon is made of cheese? This story may have come from people looking at the half-full moon. The moon is really made of rock, not cheese. When it is a full moon, you can see by the light of the moon. In the fall, the full moon starts to rise just as the sun sets. This gives us extra light to do things outdoors. Farmers call this the harvest moon. They could use its light to finish harvesting crops. When the moon is full, we can see all of its bright side. There are mountains, flat plains, and craters on the moon. Many cultures tell stories of a “man in the moon”. Can you see a face? These are really craters, or deep holes. People have always been interested in the moon. Why does it change its shape? What is it like there? Now we have traveled to the moon. We have answers to some of our questions. But the moon still makes us wonder as it moves across the night sky. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 14．The moon is always shaped like ________. A．square B．round C．triangle D．rectangle 15．The underlined words “revolves” in Paragraphs 2 means ________. A．stops B．changes C．turns D．moves 16．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The light of the moon. B．How does the moon make light? C．Where does the light from the moon come from? D．The scenery on the moon. 17．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．Every 27 and 1/3 days, the moon orbits the earth one and a half. B．The moon sometimes changes shape. C．The moon absorbs light from the sun. D．When it is a full moon, you can see that the moon is made of rocks. 18．Which can be the best title for this text? A．The way the moon moves B．The shape and life of the moon C．Some facts about the moon D．The reason why the moon changes its shape 5 （2024·广东深圳·一模）Have you ever burped (打嗝) after a meal? Recently, scientists from Harvard University found a black hole that “burped out” the star it had “eaten”. Back in 2018, a small star was seen to be “eaten” by a black hole that is 665 million light years away from Earth. Three years later, the same black hole became active again. This time, it began ejecting (喷出) materials of the star at half the speed of light. This event is called AT2018hyz. “This caught us completely by surprise —no one has ever seen anything like this before,” said Yvette Cendes, a researcher on this. A black hole’s eating of a star is called a tidal disruption event (TDE). Although TDEs happened a few times before, but the ejecting has only taken place at the same time as the eating, not three years later. What’s more, the speed of the materials ejected from the black hole is also unusual, as most TDE outflows travel at 10% the speed of light rather than half of it. The team thought about the possible reasons behind the event. They first turned to the density theory (密度理论). If the density is very high around the black hole, the materials might be drawn out, causing a “burp”. Another explanation was that the other TDEs happened in directions that could not be seen from Earth. So other black holes’ gravity drew the materials out. However, scientists have not yet found the true reason. But they say they will work hard on it. 19．What does the author compare a black hole to? A．A star. B．A meal. C．A person. D．A university. 20．What is TRUE about the black hole in Paragraph 2? A．It was named AT2018hyz. B．It became active again in 2021. C．It moves at half the speed of light. D．It is 665 million light years away from the sun. 21．Why was Yvette Cendes surprised about AT2018hyz? A．Black holes usually eject materials. B．TDEs have happened several times before. C．The ejecting is three years later than the eating. D．The ejected materials travel at 10% the speed of light. 22．What will scientists probably do in the future? A．Write papers about stars. B．Give lectures on AT2018hyz. C．Make movies about black holes. D．Conduct research on the reason. 23．What is the best title of this passage? A．A Black Hole “Burped” B．How a TDE Happens C．A Black Hole “Ate” a Star D．How the Density Theory Works 6 （2024·江苏扬州·一模）How much water is there on the moon? This is a question scientists have tried to answer for years. Scientists from China and the UK have now discovered that the moon may have water “reservoirs (水库)”, said a recent paper. Over billions of years, space rocks have hit the surface of the moon, causing the soil to melt and go out into space. It then cools down and falls back to the moon’s surface, forming beads (珠子) of glass. The Chang’e 5 probe, which returned to Earth on Dec 17, 2020, brought back a total of 1,731 grams of rocks and soil from the moon’s surface, including glass beads, reported Xinhua. The international research team looked into 32 glass beads. They found that about one ton of glass beads may have 500 grams of water. “This ‘water’ wasn’t a liquid but instead took the form of hydrogen (氢气) ... in the glass beads, which can easily be turned into the water we can use,” Hui Hejiu, one of the study’s authors, told Science and Technology Daily. Scientists think that the water in all of the moon's glass beads could be as much as 270 trillion (万亿) kilograms. The solar wind, which is streams of particles (粒子) let out from the sun, could be where the water in the beads comes from, said the study. The glass beads have many holes inside to catch hydrogen from the wind. If the water in the beads is easy to get, it will be a “really big deal” for space exploration, Phil Bland, an expert in Australia, told ABC News. Now, water used by astronauts during their long stays in space stations is recycled, said the China Manned Space website. The urine (尿液) produced and water used by an astronaut per day is about 2 kilograms. The liquids are collected and purified (净化) and then provided to astronauts to drink. With this new finding, human life on the moon could have a stable water source in the future. 24．What did the scientists from China and the UK discover on the moon? A．Billions of glass beads under its surface. B．A liquid water reservoir ready to be used. C．An ocean on the far side of the moon. D．Glass beads that may contain water. 25．How might astronauts get water from the beads? A．By breaking them to get the water out. B．By collecting as much from them as they can. C．By turning the hydrogen into water. D．By putting them under the sunlight. 26．What is the purpose of mentioning the Chang’e 5 probe in Paragraph 3? A．To explain what is glass beads. B．To show the Chang’e 5 probe is great. C．To prove there are glass beads on the moon. D．To tell us where to find the water 27．What can we infer from the passage above? A．The solar wind is the source of the water found in the glass beads on the moon. B．Astronauts would no longer be worried about being short of water. C．Now, astronauts get water from the solar wind. D．Getting water in the beads is not as easy as we think. 7 （2024·河南洛阳·一模）The Mars rover (火星车) is a tool to explore the surface of Mars, one of the neighboring planets of Earth in space. It can help people collect information and find out whether there has ever been life on the red planet. The rover is l.85 meters high and weighs about 240 kilograms. It has six wheels and four solar panels (太阳能板), and can move 200 meters an hour on the surface of Mars. It has many modern instruments, like cameras, These instruments can help it take pictures, study the rocks and ground, and collect samples (样本) on Mars. One of the biggest challenges for Mars rovers to work is that Earth and Mars are too far away from each other. It takes the Mars rover about seven months to travel from Earth to Mars. Once it reaches Mars, it has to get used to the conditions and avoid all possible dangers. Although they have to face a lot of challenges, Mars rovers have made many great discoveries. China has named its nation’s first Mars rover “Zhurong”, a fire god in ancient Chinese legend. The name stands for light and hope for space exploration (探索) in our country, and means to guide humans to continue exploration. Recently, it has found signs of water on Mars, which shows that the planet may have once supported life. The Mars rover is not only the greatest scientific achievement of modern technology but also a technological marvel (奇迹). The information it has provided will help us better understand Mars and space. It can also encourage more and more young people to develop an interest in Mars and help scientists explore things they don’t know about. More importantly, it is making what people used to think impossible possible. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 28．What cannot Mars rovers do according to the passage? A．Help explore the surface of Mars. B．Move 300 meters an hour on the surface of Mars. C．Help to find out if there has been life on Mars. D．Help take pictures of Mars. 29．Which of the following is not the difficulty for Mars rovers to work? A．They are 1.85 meters high and weigh about 240 kilograms. B．It will take Mars rovers several months to land on Mars. C．They have to get used to the conditions on Mars. D．There may be many possible dangers on Mars for Mars rovers. 30．What can we know about the Mars rover “Zhurong” according to the passage? A．It has found real life on Mars. B．It has made few discoveries. C．It’s the first Mars rover to land on Mars. D．It got its name after an ancient Chinese god. 31．Why do people consider the Mars rover not only the greatest scientific achievement but also a technological marvel? A．It helps people better understand humans. B．It is making what people used to think impossible possible. C．It encourages scientists to develop an interest in Mars. D．It helps more young people explore things they don’t know about. 32．What is the best title for this passage? A．An introduction to Mars rovers B．“Zhurong”—the first Chinese Mars rover C．The great achievements of science and technology D．Making impossible possible 8 （2024·河南驻马店·一模）Astronauts (宇航员) may soon be going to the moon again. NASA plans to build bases (基地) there. Astronauts will not be able to take all the food they will need. So they may have to grow some of it on moon farms. But can plants grow on the moon? Maybe. That is according to a new study. Scientists used soil (土壤) brought back from the moon. They used it to grow plants on Earth. It turned out that success could depend on where on the moon you do your planting. In the 1960s and 1970s, NASA ran the Apollo program. It sent astronauts to the moon. In the new study, scientists used soil that astronauts collected there. Scientists put this soil in little cups. Each cup got about a teaspoon of moon soil. Other cups got Earth soil. The scientists planted seeds (种子). They watered the soil and put the cups under growth lights. In the Earth soil, plants grew healthy leaves. In the moon soil, plants grew leaves, too. But those plants were smaller. And they were less healthy. The older the moon soil was, the worse the plants grew. Stephen Elardo is one of the scientists. He says it still might be possible to grow plants on the moon. The key could be finding the right place. Scientists still have much to learn. But this study brings humans one step closer to calling the moon home. What might a moon farm look like? Tyler Jones helps us imagine it. He created a model moon farm. He also used the same kinds of plants that scientists grew in moon soil. His pictures show how moon farms might work. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 33．What’s the background of the study? A．The bases on the moon are being built. B．Scientists have discovered plants that can grow on the moon. C．Astronauts successfully landed on the moon for the first time. D．Astronauts can’t take all the food they need to the moon. 34．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The plan of the study. B．The steps of the study. C．The result of the study D．The preparation of the study. 35．Which one shows the relationship between the age of the moon soil (x) and the plants’ growth (y)? A． B． C． D． 36．What may play a key role in growing plants on the moon according to the text? A．The time. B．The method. C．The number D．The place. 37．What’s the best title for the text? A．Space plants B．Living on the moon C．How to grow plants D．The history of moon farms 9 （2024·四川内江·二模）Wukong, Tiangong, Tianwen…Do you know where the names of Chinese space programs come from? Wukong, the Dark Matter Particle Explorer satellite (暗物质粒子探测卫星), is named after Chinese superhero of Monkey King. According to Journey to the West, Monkey King has a pair of sharp eyes which can tell the difference between good and evil. The Wukong satellite is just as sharp-eyed as Monkey King to help scientists search for dark matter in space. The name of the space station, Tiangong, means “Heavenly Palace”. In Chinese myths, this is the home of Tian Di. Now Tiangong Space Station is a home for Chinese astronauts in space. Tianwen, China’s Mars missions (任务), gets its name from the poem Tianwen by Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan is a well-known poet from ancient China. In Tianwen, he had the questions about the sky, stars, nature, myths and the real world, showing his hunger for truth. If you look into more names of Chinese space programs, you will find that they all have beautiful meanings. We, the Chinese people, have a long space dream. So the naming of Chinese space programs is treated very importantly. 38．What is the Wukong satellite used for? A．Answering some of Qu Yuan’s questions. B．Finding the difference between good and evil. C．Helping scientists search for dark matter in space. D．Welcoming foreign astronauts to the space station. 39．What does the underlined word “myths” in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese? A．成语 B．神话 C．谚语 D．传记 40．Where is the name of China’s Mars missions from? A．Qu Yuan’s poem Tianwen B．a Chinese traditional story C．ancient Chinese myths D．a novel called Journey to the West 41．Why do Chinese people treat naming of space programs importantly? A．Because we want to land on Mars. B．Because we have a dream for space. C．Because we want to protect the earth. D．Because we have the hunger for truth. 10 （2024·贵州贵阳·二模）Over the last 60 years, many space rockets have flown by, orbited (沿轨道运行) and even landed on the Red Planet. That’s why the United States, China and other countries want to send people to Mars. But surviving this trip would not be easy. Astronauts would face dangers both getting to and surviving on Mars. What would it take to keep people safe and healthy on a trip to Mars? Although the trip may be many years later, scientists are already working on it. ________ Mars is about 225 million kilometers away, so it would take astronauts at least six months to reach there. However, it only takes a few days to get to the moon. While space travel is never free of danger, it takes a lot more health risks to travel in space for a long time. For one thing, staying in space for long periods makes the human body weak. Also, it puts pressure behind the eyes and causes eye problems. But gravity (重力) machines could help. Then there’s space radiation (辐射) to worry about: It might raise the risk of health problems, especially for astronauts who will have long journeys. Scientists are working out the problems. They have found taking certain vitamins (维生素) can help. Astronauts will have to take little to see off from Earth. But they won’t be able to get things they need like astronauts on the space station do. Astronauts on the space station practice for this by growing lettuce and other food in space. Engineers are developing 3D printing techniques which could allow future Mars astronauts to build tools as needed. 42．The journey to Mars isn’t ________. A．meaningful B．difficult C．relaxing 43．________ is not one of the problems the scientists need to worry about． A．Food preparation B．Pressure on eyes C．Space radiation 44．Which of the following can be put in ________? A．We have never been to the space for such a long time. B．A trip to Mars would be the farthest journey in human history. C．It’s pretty dangerous in the space with so much unknown conditions. 45．The writer writes the text to ________. A．describe a survive trip to Mars B．introduce spacecraft landing on Mars C．list health problems of future Mars astronauts 11 （2024·江西吉安·三模）You’ve heard of space rockets, but have you heard of a space balloon? A company called Space Perspective is planning to use its new balloon called Space Neptune to take people to the edge (边缘) of space. It is expected to take common people on an out-of-the-world vacation in 2024. Taking off from Kennedy Space Center, the trip will take six hours—two hours travelling up, two hours enjoying the view and two hours travelling back. Below the hydrogen (氢气)-filled balloon, a spaceship is large enough for eight travelers to stand and walk freely within. Inside the ship are comfortable seats, free Wi-Fi and even a bar. During the six-hour trip, the guests will be able to send photos or videos to people on the ground while enjoying food and drinks. Although the balloon won’t really fly into space, this won’t be a problem for the guests. At 20 miles above earth, they will experience 360° views of the planet earth and stars, feeling like they are in space, tickets are expensive, though-seats onboard sold for $125,000 each. Unlike rockets, Space Neptune doesn’t give out carbon dioxide (二氧化碳), which always results in hotter temperatures on the earth. The spaceship will also get its hydrogen from clean and renewable (可再生的) energy. This is why space travel with hydrogen balloons is thought to be the most environmentally friendly so far. The great news is that no special training is needed for this ride, but the bad news is, you’ll probably have to wait until 2025 because the first year’s tickets are sold out already. So, start saving up! 46．How does the writer start the passage? A．By asking a question. B．By telling a story. C．By giving an example. D．By listing numbers. 47．Which picture best shows the balloon space travel? A． B． C． D． 48．Which of the following is TRUE according to he passage? A．The spaceship is 100 meters wide. B．The spaceship goes into space by rocket. C．The spaceship carries at most 8 passengers. D．He spaceship will be too hot for passengers. 49．What is Space Neptune like? A．It is educational. B．It is traditional. C．It is dirty. D．It is environmental. 50．What would be the best title for the passage? A．The Space Balloon from the Space Rocket. B．Call on More Trained Astronauts to Space. C．How to Make a Space Balloon. D．A New Way to Travel to Space. 12 （2024·广东揭阳·三模）“Welcome teammates!” read the Chinese calligraphy (书法) in the Tiangong space station. On April 26, the Shenzhou XVIII manned spaceship’s three astronauts successfully entered the space station and met with the Shenzhou XVII astronauts. The Shenzhou XVIII crew (乘组) members are Ye Guangfu, Li Cong and Li Guangsu. “Being born in the 1980s and having all been pilots, we never run out of things to talk about,” Li Cong told Xinhua. The crew will carry out more than 90 experiments in space. They will study microgravity (微重力) in space, medicine and many other science topics, reported China Daily. This mission is special because it features China’s first space-based study of water ecosystems. The astronauts brought a fish tank (鱼缸) filled with water to the space station. Four zebrafish (斑马鱼) and algae (水藻) live inside it. The algae give the fish oxygen, keeping them alive. The tank can also feed the fish, control the temperature and lighting, and collect fish eggs by itself. Why zebrafish? They are very small vertebrates (脊椎动物) and they share 70 percent of their genes with humans. “Next, we plan on bringing mice to space. We’ll raise them there for a while and then bring them back to Earth for further study,” Zhang Wei from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院) told CCTV News. Studying animals in space can help scientists understand how the human body reacts (反应) to space conditions. The Shenzhou XVIII crew is expected to return in October after six months in space. Right now, China is about to finish picking its fourth batch (批) of astronauts. These new astronauts will join the team already working on space station missions and help achieve China’s first manned landing on the moon. 51．What is special about the Shenzhou XVIII mission according to Paragraph 5? A．It sent the youngest crew ever to the station B．It will study water ecosystems in space. C．It will carry out more than 90 experiments. D．It will study medicine and microgravity in space. 52．Why are zebrafish chosen to study in space? a. They are very small vertebrates.      b. They share over two-thirds of genes with humans. c. They eat and live on algae.            d. They can live without oxygen. A．ab B．ad C．bc D．cd 53．What is one of the future plans for China’s space missions as mentioned in the article? A．To bring plants to space for the first time. B．To study the effects of microgravity on algae. C．To create a self-sustaining ecosystem within the space station. D．To bring mice to space, raise them, and then bring them back for further study. 54．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．More Chinese astronauts will set off in November. B．China will continue its journey in space exploration. C．China is ready to send astronauts to the moon. D．China has taken the lead in space exploration. 55．What is the main idea of the article? A．The experience of astronauts living in the Tiangong space station. B．The technological achievements of the Shenzhou XVIII mission. C．Future plans for China’s space exploration including a manned landing on the moon. D．An overview (概述) of China’s space mission featuring the Shenzhou XVIII crew and their research. 13 （2024·河南周口·三模）“Every day, we see the sunrise 16 times. Do you know why? Well, we circle the earth every 90 minutes!” Do you still remember these words? It was on June 20, 2013. Chinese astronaut Wang Yaping gave a science lesson in space. Sixty million school children and teachers across China listened to it. Were you one of them? On October 16, 2021, she and two other Chinese astronauts set off for the TiangongSpace Station. Wang became the first-ever woman to work in Tiangong. Ms. Wang gave her “Lesson Two” with her workmates on December 9, 2021 and “Lesson Three” on March 23rd, 2022. That made millions of people very excited. Wang’s space dream began when Yang Liwei became China’s first man in space in2003. “When will our country have a woman in space?” she thought to herself. Wang was then a fighter (战斗机) pilot. Because of her excellent performance, in 2010, she was chosen to train as an astronaut. After lots of hard training, Wang finally realized her space dream in 2013. She became a team member of Shenzhou X task. She is also the second woman astronaut to take part in a spaceflight after Liu Yang. And she became the first Chinese woman to complete a space walk on November 8, 2021. Wang and her team stayed in space for about 180 days. We also heard the first-ever Chinese New Year’s greetings coming from space. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 56．How many times did Wang Yaping circle the earth every day in space in 2013? A．15 times. B．16 times. C．17 times. D．18 times. 57．When did Wang Yaping become an astronaut? A．In 2010. B．In 2013. C．In 2016. D．In 2021. 58．How long did the three astronauts stay in the Tiangong Space Station? A．For about four months. B．For about five months. C．For about six months. D．For about seven months. 59．Which of the following is NOT true about Wang Yaping? A．She was once an excellent fighter pilot. B．She gave the “Lesson Two” with her workmates. C．She is the first Chinese woman to complete a space walk. D．She is the only Chinese woman astronaut who has been to space. 60．What is the best title for the text? A．Wang Yaping Became an Astronaut B．Wang Yaping Became the First Chinese Woman Space walker C．Everyone Has a Dream of Becoming an Astronaut D．The Three Astronauts Entered the Tiangong Space Station 14 （2024·山东日照·二模）According to the country’s space experts, China is developing a new carrier rocket and manned spacecraft now. The new carrier rocket is called Long March-10. It is mainly developed to achieve the goal to land astronauts on the moon by 2030, said Rong Yi, a rocket expert. The Long March-10 uses liquid hydrogen, liquid oxygen and kerosene (煤油) as propellants (推进剂). It has a total length of about 92 meters, a takeoff weight of about 2,187 tonnes (公吨), a takeoff thrust (of about 2,678 tonnes, and a carrying capacity of no less than 27 tonnes for the Earth-moon transfer orbit (转换轨道). The Long March-10 is expected to prepare for its first flight in 2027, said Rong in a recent interview. Of course, the new rocket can also send astronauts and cargo (货物) to the space station. The new manned spacecraft is also a support for China to land astronauts on the moon by 2030. It can meet the needs of near-Earth and deep space missions (任务). According to an expert, the spacecraft can carry three astronauts. It is mainly used to send astronauts to orbit around the moon and return to Earth. Unlike the three-module Shenzhou spacecraft, the new spacecraft has two parts. One is the return capsule (舱), which is the command center of the Whole spacecraft and the living quarters for the astronauts. The other is the service module, which is the energy and power center. The structure makes the spaceship have more reusable parts. 61．What’s the purpose of developing the new carrier rocket? A．To explore the Mars. B．To prepare for moon landing. C．To finish a secret space mission. D．To send cargo to the space station. 62．How much does the new rocket weigh when it begins to take off? A．About 92 tonnes. B．About 2,187 tonnes. C．About 2,678 tonnes. D．No less than 27tonnes. 63．How many structures does the new spaceship have? A．Two-modules. B．Three-modules. C．four-modules. D．five-modules. 15 （2024·河南漯河·二模）Do you want to travel to space? Here is a piece of good news for you. The world’s first space travel agent started in the UK. The agent will arrange flights, accommodations (住宿) and entertainment packages. It costs from $250,000 to $791,666. If you want to travel in space, you can go to visit bark. com. “I’d like to be the first one who ever set foot on the Mars and I want to check it out whether there is water or life with my own eyes.” said Kate, who now works in the agent. “I think it is many people’s dream to be an astronaut when they are young. And this is not the right job for everyone because it is very difficult to be an astronaut. But don’t worry. Our agent can give people the chance to have this experience for a few weeks.” said Kai Feller, CEO of bark. com. “People can experience zero gravity and enjoy wonderful views of the Earth. They can also watch 16 sunrises and sunsets in a day.” said Franklin, the leader of the agent. They are now working more on it and all members of the agent hope that they can provide more service for space travel. “If their dream comes true, ours will also come true.” said Jacky, a volunteer in the agent. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 64．In which country did the world’s first space travel agent start? A．The US. B．The UK. C．France. D．Japan. 65．If you travel to space, how much may you pay? A．$550,000. B．$5,500,000. C．$55,000. D．$50,000. 66．What can we know from Kai Feller’s words? A．Young people can be an astronaut easily if enough time is paid. B．It will be easy for everyone to be an astronaut because it costs a little. C．The agent can give people the experience to be an astronaut for some months. D．The agent can give people the experience to be an astronaut for some weeks. 67．W hat can’t people do during the experience? A．Experience zero gravity in space. B．Enjoy wonderful views of the Earth. C．Watch 16 sunrises and sunsets in a day. D．Provide more service for space travel. 68．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．Services are provided by space travel agents. B．Mars may have water and life. C．In space, there is really gravity. D．For more information, you need to visit the website. 16 （2024·辽宁沈阳·二模）Have you ever thought of living in weightless conditions in space? Do you want to go through daily life as an astronaut in the space station? In fact, ordinary people have no chance of this kind. James, a university student whose childhood dream was to be an astronaut, managed to take part in an important project carried out in a lab in his university. He was chosen to be a group leader of eight students. They had to live in the closed lab where the living condition was similar to that in the space station. James was proud to be an “astronaut” and couldn’t wait for it. After several days in the lab, he and his group members found that the daily life there was more difficult than expected. Growing crops (庄稼) was one of their daily tasks. However, no crops came up though they tried to do everything they could. The students worked together day and night to find the solution. One day when they found one crop came up, James couldn’t help crying with cheers. Everything seemed to go smoothly, and before long, 30 kinds of crops were able to grow. The students were also required to record their health like blood pressure every day. They were watched by scientists outside. Luckily, the students kept healthy until the end. The aim of the whole project was to collect useful information to better living conditions for astronauts in space. In total, James’ group stayed in the lab for 200 days. This set a world record for the longest stay in a simulative (模拟的) space station. 69．What did James manage to do according to the text? A．Act as an astronaut in the space station. B．Make some experiments in a space lab. C．Attend a useful course in his university. D．Experience an astronaut’s everyday life. 70．Which can best describe James’ change in feelings in Paragraph 3? A．Happy→angry→crazy. B．Stressful→doubtful→hopeful. C．Curious→nervous→serious. D．Excited→disappointed→pleased. 71．Why was the project carried out? A．To find a practical way of growing crops in space. B．To improve astronauts’ living conditions in space. C．To choose some college students to work in space. D．To set a world record for the longest stay in space. 72．What can be the best title (标题) for the text? A．A Childhood Dream Coming True B．Build a “Green” Home in Space C．A Space Task Becoming Possible D．Be an “Astronaut” on the Earth 二、完形填空 1 （2024·陕西商洛·三模）阅读下面短文，理解大意，从所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 The astronauts on Shenzhou XV came back to the earth safely after spending 186 days on China’s space station. Before returning, they sent a 73 to the earth. It was to 16-year-old Tsering Dargy. Tsering is from Tibet, and is studying in Beijing. Over 10,000 people sent letters to the astronauts, but Tsering was the only one to have a 74 . “I was very excited and was 75 enough to get the letter. I want to thank our country for giving me the 76 towrite the letter,” he said. In his letter, Tsering showed his strong 77 in the sky. When he was a child, his grandfather told him stories about it. In 2021, he 78 from Tibet, the place closest to the sky on the earth, to Beijing, the place closest to the 79 of China’s space aerospace industry. The astronaut Fei Junlong wrote the letter to Tsering and 80 him a lot. “As you wrote in your letter, the road to success is never 81 . Only by working hard can you make your dreams 82 ,” Fei wrote. He ended the letter by wishing Tsering and his classmates success in their studies. Tsering is now studying hard. “My dream is to learn computer science at Tsinghua University. Then I can work in space one day.” he said. 73．A．picture B．letter C．gift D．book 74．A．goal B．choice C．reply D．decision 75．A．simple B．busy C．careful D．lucky 76．A．chance B．advice C．service D．treasure 77．A．power B．interest C．news D．degree 78．A．changed B．discovered C．moved D．improved 79．A．heart B．corner C．invention D．production 80．A．forced B．allowed C．encouraged D．believed 81．A．interesting B．difficult C．lonely D．easy 82．A．take place B．come true C．put off D．make up 2 （2024·江西景德镇·二模）请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各小题所给出的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入相应空白处的最佳选项。 Most people will remember the excitement of receiving their first letter from a pen pal. The 83 of receiving those letters is beyond description. Chen Man-lin, a 15-year-old Hong Kong student, was very happy. Her pen pal was orbiting in the Tiangong Space Station when he wrote inspiring words to her. When Chen 84 the national letter-writing activity named “Sending My Dream to Tiangong” to write to the 85 on Tiangong, she wrote a letter the same evening. In her letter, she detailed every moment of her own planned 86 toward contributing (贡献) to national aerospace (航天航空) development, and what she knew about astronauts and the national aerospace development program. Chen’s 87 to write the letter was more than just an impulse (冲动). Her 88 in space had begun at the age of six 89 she watched the live broadcast from orbit (轨道) of a science lecture. She poured that passion for space into her letter, as well as some of her problems over her studies in life. The three-page reply from Shenzhou XIV astronaut Chen Dong, 90 about a month later. As one of the 30, 000 students from all over the country to take part in the activity, Chen was 91 chosen to receive a reply, the only one in Hong Kong. To encourage the students, Chen Dong recalled 92 he became an astronaut step by step. He also shared his tips for overcoming the difficulties when studying physics and other 93 necessary to achieve his goals. He hoped that young Hong Kong people could follow 94 dreams and make contributions to the country. The arrival of a letter from space was also a 95 gift to mark the 25th anniversary of Hong Kong’s return to the motherland. “I’ll do as he 96 in the letter; study harder and 97 to stay healthy. I look forward to contributing to national aerospace development in the future,” said Chen. 83．A．report B．beauty C．message D．kindness 84．A．thought about B．cared about C．talked about D．learned about 85．A．astronauts B．writers C．parents D．teachers 86．A．vacation B．journey C．race D．interview 87．A．purpose B．chance C．decision D．notice 88．A．habit B．style C．story D．interest 89．A．when B．as long as C．as soon as D．as far as 90．A．posted B．left C．arrived D．brought 91．A．suddenly B．luckily C．widely D．truly 92．A．when B．where C．why D．how 93．A．abilities B．skills C．subjects D．hobbies 94．A．his B．their C．our D．your 95．A．proper B．possible C．fair D．useful 96．A．ordered B．promised C．prepared D．Advised 97．A．find out B．come out C．work out D．look out 3 （2024·贵州毕节·三模）Are you interested in space knowledge? If so, meet our astronaut 98 , Jing Haipeng, Zhu yangzhu and Gui Haichao! On September 21, 2021, the three shenzhou-16 astronauts gave the fourth Tiangong class from 99 to students on the Earth. This was the first 100 class from the Mengtian lab module (舱). The 48-minute-long class had three parts. First, the three astronauts talked about their life in the module. Next, they did four interesting 101 . In one of them, two astronauts lit a candle. They 102 students to do the same experiment on the Earth to find out the differences. At the end of the class, some students asked the astronauts some questions that they were most interested in, and the astronauts answered them 103 . Around 2, 800 students had the class in five classrooms that were set in five 104 cities. The main classroom was in Beihang university in Beijing. Gui Haichao 105 at the university as a teacher before he became an astronaut of shenzhou-16. More than 2,400 students and teachers from the university and primary and middle schools went to the main classroom. “I can have the science class from space, so I felt excited. I was most interested in the candle experiment,” said a primary school student from Beijing. “I really 106 to fly to space someday.” The “Tiangong class” was surely 107 . An increasing number of young people are becoming interested in space. And the Tiangong space station plays an important role in science popularization (普及) and education. 98．A．teachers B．doctors C．students 99．A．school B．earth C．space 100．A．math B．English C．science 101．A．sports B．experiments C．exercises 102．A．invited B．ordered C．allowed 103．A．angrily B．worriedly C．patiently 104．A．different B．beautiful C．ancient 105．A．studied B．worked C．played 106．A．wish B．agree C．refuse 107．A．boring B．difficult C．popular 4 （2014·广东广州·一模）How many things can you see in the night sky? A lot! 108 a clear evening you might see the Moon and some planets. And thousands of sparkling stars 109 , too. You can see even 110 with a telescope. You might see stars where you only saw dark space before. You might see that many stars look larger than others. You might see that some stars 111 look white are really red or blue. But scientists believe there are some things in the sky that we 112 We can’t see them with the biggest telescope in the world, even when it is the clearest night of the year. That’s 113 they’re invisible. They’re the mysterious dead stars called black holes. You might find 114 hard to imagine that stars die. After all, our Sun is a star. Year after year we see it up in the sky, burning brightly, giving us heat and light. The Sun certainly doesn’t seem 115 getting old or weak. But stars do burn out and die after billions of years. As a star’s gases burn, they give off light and heat. But when the gas runs 116 , the star stops burning and begins to die. So the next time you stare up at the night sky, remember: there’s more in the sky than that meets the eye 117 amazing space it is! 108．A．On B．In C．At D．For 109．A．see B．were see C．can be seen D．will be seen 110．A．much B．many C．most D．more 111．A．what B．which C．who D．where 112．A．never see B．never saw C．will never see D．had never seen 113．A．when B．how C．because D．so 114．A．it B．you C．yourself D．itself 115．A．to be B．being C．been D．is 116．A．around B．off C．away D．out 117．A．How B．What C．What an D．How an 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$2024-2025学年九年级英语主题强化必备(阅读理解+完形填空)(通用版) 2024-2025学年九年级英语主题强化必备(阅读理解+完形填空)(通用版) 主题13.航空航天与宇宙探索 一、阅读理解 1 （2024·广东深圳·三模）Which planet is the most beautiful in our solar system? Many people may answer “Saturn”. Saturn is a funny-looking planet. It has beautiful rings. Of all the planets in the solar system, Saturn’s rings are the biggest and brightest. According to scientists, however, these rings will one day disappear completely. How did Saturn get its rings in the first place? Science has no sure answer. But there is a popular theory: Some small planets ran into each other with Saturn’s moons. Earth has only one moon. But Saturn has at least 60 moons. And this left behind a large amount of ice and rock pieces. These pieces are different in size. Some are as small as a grain of sand. Others are as large as a house. These small pieces began to travel around Saturn. Saturn’s gravity (引力) pulled them toward it. At the same time, the speed of their orbit (轨道) tried to throw them into space. Over time, these pieces of ice and rock formed rings around Saturn. A new study, however, suggests that Saturn’s gravity is winning. About ten tons of “ring matter” is falling into Saturn every second. If this continues, the planet’s ring system will no longer exist in 100 million to 300 million years’ time. According to scientists, Saturn’s rings are between 10 million and 100 million years old. “We’re lucky to be able to see Saturn’s huge ring system.” one of the scientists said. “Some of the planets in our solar system only have very thin rings today. Perhaps we just missed seeing their huge ring systems!” 1．Why is Saturn the most beautiful? A．Because it has huge bright rings. B．Because it is shining most strongly. C．Because it is especially studied by scientists. D．Because it has the biggest size in the solar system. 2．What do the rings of Saturn consist of? A．Sand and rock. B．Small moons. C．Ice and rock. D．Small planets. 3．What does the underlined sentence mean? A．The gravity of Saturn is disappearing. B．The ring matter is being thrown into space. C．The speed of the ring matter is slowing down. D．The ring matter is gradually becoming part of Saturn. 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Every planet has a ring system. B．Some planets used to have huge rings. C．Saturn’s rings are the oldest in the solar system. D．We can luckily see Saturn’s ring system forever. 5．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To show how Saturn slowly formed. B．To tell what Saturn’s rings are made up of. C．To describe how scientists study Saturn’s rings. D．To explain why Saturn’s rings are disappearing. 2 （2024·辽宁朝阳·三模）From the moon to Mars, scientists have been looking for water—the key to life—in the solar system for decades. Recently, they have turned to Jupiter (木星)! On April 14, the European Space Agency’s (ESA) JUICE spacecraft successfully lifted off from French Guiana in South America. JUICE, short for “Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer”, will collect data from Jupiter and its three moons, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto. The three moons are believed to have big oceans of liquid water (液态水) under their icy shells (壳). According to ESA, the water on these moons could be six times as much as the amount in Earth’s oceans. The mission (任务) “will change our understanding of the solar system”, wrote Scientific American. In 1998, NASA’s Galileo spacecraft found that Europa might be ejecting (喷射) water as far as 160 kilometers into space. That gave scientists the idea of studying the icy moons of Jupiter. The oceans under these moons are likely to be tens of kilometers deep. But they are also trapped under tens of kilometers of ice, making it very difficult to study them. Although JUICE cannot land on the surface, it has lots of high-tech equipment to study the moon’s environment, including spectral imaging (光谱成像) tools and radar (雷达). “They could give more data on things like the thickness of the oceans, their salt content (含量), and their distance from the icy shells above,” reported Phys.org. “The main goal is to understand whether there are habitable (适合居住的) environments among those icy moons and around a giant planet like Jupiter,” JUICE team member Olivier Witasse said during a press conference (发布会) on April 6. 6．JUICE has been sent to look for ______ on Jupiter. A．air B．sand C．gold D．water 7．Paragraph 4 mainly wants to tell us ______. A．how far water can be ejected B．why scientists wanted to study Jupiter C．what NASA’s Galileo spacecraft found D．which spacecraft was used to explore the universe 8．The underlined word “trapped” in Paragraph 5 has the closest meaning to “ ______”. A．locked B．created C．collected D．taken 9．The purpose of the task is to find out if ______. A．there are living things out there B．life can live on some of Jupiter’s moons C．there are lakes in the universe D．we can move water from Earth to the moons of Jupiter 3 （2024·江苏扬州·二模）Do you ever get the feeling that you’re being watched? Well, you might be right. According to a study published in Nature on June 23 th, astronomers have found that 1,715 stars have had a direct view of Earth since humans have been here. In order to do this, scientists used a method that looked for life on other planets. But instead, they changed the method so it could try to decide what places could see us. The team looked at 331,312 stars within 326 light-years of Earth. Out of all those stars, only 1,715 of them could see Earth within the last 5,000 years, with an extra 319 stars that will be able to see us in the next 5,000 years. “When I look up at the sky, it looks a little bit friendlier because it’s like, maybe someone is waving,” said Lisa Kaltenegger, director of the Carl Sagan  Institute at Cornell University, US, and the study’s lead writer. If a planet circling around one of those 1,715 stars is home to advanced (高级的) life, they could easily see that there is life here because of the oxygen on Earth. If that didn’t give it away, then the radio waves we have sent out into space would also be an indicator (标志). In fact, human-made radio waves have already travelled through 75 of the closest stars on Kaltenegger’s list. Why haven’t we heard from anyone yet, then? It takes a long time for messages to travel between star systems. By the time a message could be received, that advanced civilization (文明) would probably not exist any more. Alan Boss, a scientist at the Carnegie Institution for Science in the US who wasn’t part of the study, wrote in an email that this long time would limit the chances for different life to exchange “emails and TikTok videos. ” “So we should not expect aliens to show up anytime soon,” Boss said. 10．How many stars will be able to see us in the next 5,000 years? A．319. B．1,715. C．1,396. D．2,034. 11．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 6 refer to? A．A planet circling around one of those 1. 715 stars. B．Advanced life. C．Oxygen on Earth. D．Human-made radio waves. 12．What could prevent humans from exchanging messages with aliens according to Boss? A．Human-made radio waves cannot travel far. B．Aliens don’t exist. C．They can’t understand each other. D．It takes a long time for messages to travel. 13．What is the purpose of the text? A．To show new findings published in a study. B．To discuss if there is advanced life on other stars. C．To raise readers’ interest in aliens. D．To explain how messages travel between different star systems. 4 （2024·河南周口·二模）Almost every night, we can look out and see the moon. And yet, every night it looks different. We call this the phases of the moon. The moon doesn’t really change shape. It is always shaped like a ball. Why does the moon look different? Every 27 and 1/3 days, the moon completes one full path around the earth. The moon also spins as it makes its orbit (轨道), or path, around the earth. The same side of the moon always faces the earth. It is just that sometimes we can see more of it. The moon does not make its own light. The light comes from the sun. The moon reflects the light from the sun. As the moon revolves around the earth, you see different amounts of the moon’s bright side. This causes the phases of the moon. Some days we cannot see the moon at all. Some days we just see a thin sliver. Have you ever heard that the moon is made of cheese? This story may have come from people looking at the half-full moon. The moon is really made of rock, not cheese. When it is a full moon, you can see by the light of the moon. In the fall, the full moon starts to rise just as the sun sets. This gives us extra light to do things outdoors. Farmers call this the harvest moon. They could use its light to finish harvesting crops. When the moon is full, we can see all of its bright side. There are mountains, flat plains, and craters on the moon. Many cultures tell stories of a “man in the moon”. Can you see a face? These are really craters, or deep holes. People have always been interested in the moon. Why does it change its shape? What is it like there? Now we have traveled to the moon. We have answers to some of our questions. But the moon still makes us wonder as it moves across the night sky. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 14．The moon is always shaped like ________. A．square B．round C．triangle D．rectangle 15．The underlined words “revolves” in Paragraphs 2 means ________. A．stops B．changes C．turns D．moves 16．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The light of the moon. B．How does the moon make light? C．Where does the light from the moon come from? D．The scenery on the moon. 17．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．Every 27 and 1/3 days, the moon orbits the earth one and a half. B．The moon sometimes changes shape. C．The moon absorbs light from the sun. D．When it is a full moon, you can see that the moon is made of rocks. 18．Which can be the best title for this text? A．The way the moon moves B．The shape and life of the moon C．Some facts about the moon D．The reason why the moon changes its shape 5 （2024·广东深圳·一模）Have you ever burped (打嗝) after a meal? Recently, scientists from Harvard University found a black hole that “burped out” the star it had “eaten”. Back in 2018, a small star was seen to be “eaten” by a black hole that is 665 million light years away from Earth. Three years later, the same black hole became active again. This time, it began ejecting (喷出) materials of the star at half the speed of light. This event is called AT2018hyz. “This caught us completely by surprise —no one has ever seen anything like this before,” said Yvette Cendes, a researcher on this. A black hole’s eating of a star is called a tidal disruption event (TDE). Although TDEs happened a few times before, but the ejecting has only taken place at the same time as the eating, not three years later. What’s more, the speed of the materials ejected from the black hole is also unusual, as most TDE outflows travel at 10% the speed of light rather than half of it. The team thought about the possible reasons behind the event. They first turned to the density theory (密度理论). If the density is very high around the black hole, the materials might be drawn out, causing a “burp”. Another explanation was that the other TDEs happened in directions that could not be seen from Earth. So other black holes’ gravity drew the materials out. However, scientists have not yet found the true reason. But they say they will work hard on it. 19．What does the author compare a black hole to? A．A star. B．A meal. C．A person. D．A university. 20．What is TRUE about the black hole in Paragraph 2? A．It was named AT2018hyz. B．It became active again in 2021. C．It moves at half the speed of light. D．It is 665 million light years away from the sun. 21．Why was Yvette Cendes surprised about AT2018hyz? A．Black holes usually eject materials. B．TDEs have happened several times before. C．The ejecting is three years later than the eating. D．The ejected materials travel at 10% the speed of light. 22．What will scientists probably do in the future? A．Write papers about stars. B．Give lectures on AT2018hyz. C．Make movies about black holes. D．Conduct research on the reason. 23．What is the best title of this passage? A．A Black Hole “Burped” B．How a TDE Happens C．A Black Hole “Ate” a Star D．How the Density Theory Works 6 （2024·江苏扬州·一模）How much water is there on the moon? This is a question scientists have tried to answer for years. Scientists from China and the UK have now discovered that the moon may have water “reservoirs (水库)”, said a recent paper. Over billions of years, space rocks have hit the surface of the moon, causing the soil to melt and go out into space. It then cools down and falls back to the moon’s surface, forming beads (珠子) of glass. The Chang’e 5 probe, which returned to Earth on Dec 17, 2020, brought back a total of 1,731 grams of rocks and soil from the moon’s surface, including glass beads, reported Xinhua. The international research team looked into 32 glass beads. They found that about one ton of glass beads may have 500 grams of water. “This ‘water’ wasn’t a liquid but instead took the form of hydrogen (氢气) ... in the glass beads, which can easily be turned into the water we can use,” Hui Hejiu, one of the study’s authors, told Science and Technology Daily. Scientists think that the water in all of the moon's glass beads could be as much as 270 trillion (万亿) kilograms. The solar wind, which is streams of particles (粒子) let out from the sun, could be where the water in the beads comes from, said the study. The glass beads have many holes inside to catch hydrogen from the wind. If the water in the beads is easy to get, it will be a “really big deal” for space exploration, Phil Bland, an expert in Australia, told ABC News. Now, water used by astronauts during their long stays in space stations is recycled, said the China Manned Space website. The urine (尿液) produced and water used by an astronaut per day is about 2 kilograms. The liquids are collected and purified (净化) and then provided to astronauts to drink. With this new finding, human life on the moon could have a stable water source in the future. 24．What did the scientists from China and the UK discover on the moon? A．Billions of glass beads under its surface. B．A liquid water reservoir ready to be used. C．An ocean on the far side of the moon. D．Glass beads that may contain water. 25．How might astronauts get water from the beads? A．By breaking them to get the water out. B．By collecting as much from them as they can. C．By turning the hydrogen into water. D．By putting them under the sunlight. 26．What is the purpose of mentioning the Chang’e 5 probe in Paragraph 3? A．To explain what is glass beads. B．To show the Chang’e 5 probe is great. C．To prove there are glass beads on the moon. D．To tell us where to find the water 27．What can we infer from the passage above? A．The solar wind is the source of the water found in the glass beads on the moon. B．Astronauts would no longer be worried about being short of water. C．Now, astronauts get water from the solar wind. D．Getting water in the beads is not as easy as we think. 7 （2024·河南洛阳·一模）The Mars rover (火星车) is a tool to explore the surface of Mars, one of the neighboring planets of Earth in space. It can help people collect information and find out whether there has ever been life on the red planet. The rover is l.85 meters high and weighs about 240 kilograms. It has six wheels and four solar panels (太阳能板), and can move 200 meters an hour on the surface of Mars. It has many modern instruments, like cameras, These instruments can help it take pictures, study the rocks and ground, and collect samples (样本) on Mars. One of the biggest challenges for Mars rovers to work is that Earth and Mars are too far away from each other. It takes the Mars rover about seven months to travel from Earth to Mars. Once it reaches Mars, it has to get used to the conditions and avoid all possible dangers. Although they have to face a lot of challenges, Mars rovers have made many great discoveries. China has named its nation’s first Mars rover “Zhurong”, a fire god in ancient Chinese legend. The name stands for light and hope for space exploration (探索) in our country, and means to guide humans to continue exploration. Recently, it has found signs of water on Mars, which shows that the planet may have once supported life. The Mars rover is not only the greatest scientific achievement of modern technology but also a technological marvel (奇迹). The information it has provided will help us better understand Mars and space. It can also encourage more and more young people to develop an interest in Mars and help scientists explore things they don’t know about. More importantly, it is making what people used to think impossible possible. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 28．What cannot Mars rovers do according to the passage? A．Help explore the surface of Mars. B．Move 300 meters an hour on the surface of Mars. C．Help to find out if there has been life on Mars. D．Help take pictures of Mars. 29．Which of the following is not the difficulty for Mars rovers to work? A．They are 1.85 meters high and weigh about 240 kilograms. B．It will take Mars rovers several months to land on Mars. C．They have to get used to the conditions on Mars. D．There may be many possible dangers on Mars for Mars rovers. 30．What can we know about the Mars rover “Zhurong” according to the passage? A．It has found real life on Mars. B．It has made few discoveries. C．It’s the first Mars rover to land on Mars. D．It got its name after an ancient Chinese god. 31．Why do people consider the Mars rover not only the greatest scientific achievement but also a technological marvel? A．It helps people better understand humans. B．It is making what people used to think impossible possible. C．It encourages scientists to develop an interest in Mars. D．It helps more young people explore things they don’t know about. 32．What is the best title for this passage? A．An introduction to Mars rovers B．“Zhurong”—the first Chinese Mars rover C．The great achievements of science and technology D．Making impossible possible 8 （2024·河南驻马店·一模）Astronauts (宇航员) may soon be going to the moon again. NASA plans to build bases (基地) there. Astronauts will not be able to take all the food they will need. So they may have to grow some of it on moon farms. But can plants grow on the moon? Maybe. That is according to a new study. Scientists used soil (土壤) brought back from the moon. They used it to grow plants on Earth. It turned out that success could depend on where on the moon you do your planting. In the 1960s and 1970s, NASA ran the Apollo program. It sent astronauts to the moon. In the new study, scientists used soil that astronauts collected there. Scientists put this soil in little cups. Each cup got about a teaspoon of moon soil. Other cups got Earth soil. The scientists planted seeds (种子). They watered the soil and put the cups under growth lights. In the Earth soil, plants grew healthy leaves. In the moon soil, plants grew leaves, too. But those plants were smaller. And they were less healthy. The older the moon soil was, the worse the plants grew. Stephen Elardo is one of the scientists. He says it still might be possible to grow plants on the moon. The key could be finding the right place. Scientists still have much to learn. But this study brings humans one step closer to calling the moon home. What might a moon farm look like? Tyler Jones helps us imagine it. He created a model moon farm. He also used the same kinds of plants that scientists grew in moon soil. His pictures show how moon farms might work. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 33．What’s the background of the study? A．The bases on the moon are being built. B．Scientists have discovered plants that can grow on the moon. C．Astronauts successfully landed on the moon for the first time. D．Astronauts can’t take all the food they need to the moon. 34．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The plan of the study. B．The steps of the study. C．The result of the study D．The preparation of the study. 35．Which one shows the relationship between the age of the moon soil (x) and the plants’ growth (y)? A． B． C． D． 36．What may play a key role in growing plants on the moon according to the text? A．The time. B．The method. C．The number D．The place. 37．What’s the best title for the text? A．Space plants B．Living on the moon C．How to grow plants D．The history of moon farms 9 （2024·四川内江·二模）Wukong, Tiangong, Tianwen…Do you know where the names of Chinese space programs come from? Wukong, the Dark Matter Particle Explorer satellite (暗物质粒子探测卫星), is named after Chinese superhero of Monkey King. According to Journey to the West, Monkey King has a pair of sharp eyes which can tell the difference between good and evil. The Wukong satellite is just as sharp-eyed as Monkey King to help scientists search for dark matter in space. The name of the space station, Tiangong, means “Heavenly Palace”. In Chinese myths, this is the home of Tian Di. Now Tiangong Space Station is a home for Chinese astronauts in space. Tianwen, China’s Mars missions (任务), gets its name from the poem Tianwen by Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan is a well-known poet from ancient China. In Tianwen, he had the questions about the sky, stars, nature, myths and the real world, showing his hunger for truth. If you look into more names of Chinese space programs, you will find that they all have beautiful meanings. We, the Chinese people, have a long space dream. So the naming of Chinese space programs is treated very importantly. 38．What is the Wukong satellite used for? A．Answering some of Qu Yuan’s questions. B．Finding the difference between good and evil. C．Helping scientists search for dark matter in space. D．Welcoming foreign astronauts to the space station. 39．What does the underlined word “myths” in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese? A．成语 B．神话 C．谚语 D．传记 40．Where is the name of China’s Mars missions from? A．Qu Yuan’s poem Tianwen B．a Chinese traditional story C．ancient Chinese myths D．a novel called Journey to the West 41．Why do Chinese people treat naming of space programs importantly? A．Because we want to land on Mars. B．Because we have a dream for space. C．Because we want to protect the earth. D．Because we have the hunger for truth. 10 （2024·贵州贵阳·二模）Over the last 60 years, many space rockets have flown by, orbited (沿轨道运行) and even landed on the Red Planet. That’s why the United States, China and other countries want to send people to Mars. But surviving this trip would not be easy. Astronauts would face dangers both getting to and surviving on Mars. What would it take to keep people safe and healthy on a trip to Mars? Although the trip may be many years later, scientists are already working on it. ________ Mars is about 225 million kilometers away, so it would take astronauts at least six months to reach there. However, it only takes a few days to get to the moon. While space travel is never free of danger, it takes a lot more health risks to travel in space for a long time. For one thing, staying in space for long periods makes the human body weak. Also, it puts pressure behind the eyes and causes eye problems. But gravity (重力) machines could help. Then there’s space radiation (辐射) to worry about: It might raise the risk of health problems, especially for astronauts who will have long journeys. Scientists are working out the problems. They have found taking certain vitamins (维生素) can help. Astronauts will have to take little to see off from Earth. But they won’t be able to get things they need like astronauts on the space station do. Astronauts on the space station practice for this by growing lettuce and other food in space. Engineers are developing 3D printing techniques which could allow future Mars astronauts to build tools as needed. 42．The journey to Mars isn’t ________. A．meaningful B．difficult C．relaxing 43．________ is not one of the problems the scientists need to worry about． A．Food preparation B．Pressure on eyes C．Space radiation 44．Which of the following can be put in ________? A．We have never been to the space for such a long time. B．A trip to Mars would be the farthest journey in human history. C．It’s pretty dangerous in the space with so much unknown conditions. 45．The writer writes the text to ________. A．describe a survive trip to Mars B．introduce spacecraft landing on Mars C．list health problems of future Mars astronauts 11 （2024·江西吉安·三模）You’ve heard of space rockets, but have you heard of a space balloon? A company called Space Perspective is planning to use its new balloon called Space Neptune to take people to the edge (边缘) of space. It is expected to take common people on an out-of-the-world vacation in 2024. Taking off from Kennedy Space Center, the trip will take six hours—two hours travelling up, two hours enjoying the view and two hours travelling back. Below the hydrogen (氢气)-filled balloon, a spaceship is large enough for eight travelers to stand and walk freely within. Inside the ship are comfortable seats, free Wi-Fi and even a bar. During the six-hour trip, the guests will be able to send photos or videos to people on the ground while enjoying food and drinks. Although the balloon won’t really fly into space, this won’t be a problem for the guests. At 20 miles above earth, they will experience 360° views of the planet earth and stars, feeling like they are in space, tickets are expensive, though-seats onboard sold for $125,000 each. Unlike rockets, Space Neptune doesn’t give out carbon dioxide (二氧化碳), which always results in hotter temperatures on the earth. The spaceship will also get its hydrogen from clean and renewable (可再生的) energy. This is why space travel with hydrogen balloons is thought to be the most environmentally friendly so far. The great news is that no special training is needed for this ride, but the bad news is, you’ll probably have to wait until 2025 because the first year’s tickets are sold out already. So, start saving up! 46．How does the writer start the passage? A．By asking a question. B．By telling a story. C．By giving an example. D．By listing numbers. 47．Which picture best shows the balloon space travel? A． B． C． D． 48．Which of the following is TRUE according to he passage? A．The spaceship is 100 meters wide. B．The spaceship goes into space by rocket. C．The spaceship carries at most 8 passengers. D．He spaceship will be too hot for passengers. 49．What is Space Neptune like? A．It is educational. B．It is traditional. C．It is dirty. D．It is environmental. 50．What would be the best title for the passage? A．The Space Balloon from the Space Rocket. B．Call on More Trained Astronauts to Space. C．How to Make a Space Balloon. D．A New Way to Travel to Space. 12 （2024·广东揭阳·三模）“Welcome teammates!” read the Chinese calligraphy (书法) in the Tiangong space station. On April 26, the Shenzhou XVIII manned spaceship’s three astronauts successfully entered the space station and met with the Shenzhou XVII astronauts. The Shenzhou XVIII crew (乘组) members are Ye Guangfu, Li Cong and Li Guangsu. “Being born in the 1980s and having all been pilots, we never run out of things to talk about,” Li Cong told Xinhua. The crew will carry out more than 90 experiments in space. They will study microgravity (微重力) in space, medicine and many other science topics, reported China Daily. This mission is special because it features China’s first space-based study of water ecosystems. The astronauts brought a fish tank (鱼缸) filled with water to the space station. Four zebrafish (斑马鱼) and algae (水藻) live inside it. The algae give the fish oxygen, keeping them alive. The tank can also feed the fish, control the temperature and lighting, and collect fish eggs by itself. Why zebrafish? They are very small vertebrates (脊椎动物) and they share 70 percent of their genes with humans. “Next, we plan on bringing mice to space. We’ll raise them there for a while and then bring them back to Earth for further study,” Zhang Wei from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院) told CCTV News. Studying animals in space can help scientists understand how the human body reacts (反应) to space conditions. The Shenzhou XVIII crew is expected to return in October after six months in space. Right now, China is about to finish picking its fourth batch (批) of astronauts. These new astronauts will join the team already working on space station missions and help achieve China’s first manned landing on the moon. 51．What is special about the Shenzhou XVIII mission according to Paragraph 5? A．It sent the youngest crew ever to the station B．It will study water ecosystems in space. C．It will carry out more than 90 experiments. D．It will study medicine and microgravity in space. 52．Why are zebrafish chosen to study in space? a. They are very small vertebrates.      b. They share over two-thirds of genes with humans. c. They eat and live on algae.            d. They can live without oxygen. A．ab B．ad C．bc D．cd 53．What is one of the future plans for China’s space missions as mentioned in the article? A．To bring plants to space for the first time. B．To study the effects of microgravity on algae. C．To create a self-sustaining ecosystem within the space station. D．To bring mice to space, raise them, and then bring them back for further study. 54．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．More Chinese astronauts will set off in November. B．China will continue its journey in space exploration. C．China is ready to send astronauts to the moon. D．China has taken the lead in space exploration. 55．What is the main idea of the article? A．The experience of astronauts living in the Tiangong space station. B．The technological achievements of the Shenzhou XVIII mission. C．Future plans for China’s space exploration including a manned landing on the moon. D．An overview (概述) of China’s space mission featuring the Shenzhou XVIII crew and their research. 13 （2024·河南周口·三模）“Every day, we see the sunrise 16 times. Do you know why? Well, we circle the earth every 90 minutes!” Do you still remember these words? It was on June 20, 2013. Chinese astronaut Wang Yaping gave a science lesson in space. Sixty million school children and teachers across China listened to it. Were you one of them? On October 16, 2021, she and two other Chinese astronauts set off for the TiangongSpace Station. Wang became the first-ever woman to work in Tiangong. Ms. Wang gave her “Lesson Two” with her workmates on December 9, 2021 and “Lesson Three” on March 23rd, 2022. That made millions of people very excited. Wang’s space dream began when Yang Liwei became China’s first man in space in2003. “When will our country have a woman in space?” she thought to herself. Wang was then a fighter (战斗机) pilot. Because of her excellent performance, in 2010, she was chosen to train as an astronaut. After lots of hard training, Wang finally realized her space dream in 2013. She became a team member of Shenzhou X task. She is also the second woman astronaut to take part in a spaceflight after Liu Yang. And she became the first Chinese woman to complete a space walk on November 8, 2021. Wang and her team stayed in space for about 180 days. We also heard the first-ever Chinese New Year’s greetings coming from space. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 56．How many times did Wang Yaping circle the earth every day in space in 2013? A．15 times. B．16 times. C．17 times. D．18 times. 57．When did Wang Yaping become an astronaut? A．In 2010. B．In 2013. C．In 2016. D．In 2021. 58．How long did the three astronauts stay in the Tiangong Space Station? A．For about four months. B．For about five months. C．For about six months. D．For about seven months. 59．Which of the following is NOT true about Wang Yaping? A．She was once an excellent fighter pilot. B．She gave the “Lesson Two” with her workmates. C．She is the first Chinese woman to complete a space walk. D．She is the only Chinese woman astronaut who has been to space. 60．What is the best title for the text? A．Wang Yaping Became an Astronaut B．Wang Yaping Became the First Chinese Woman Space walker C．Everyone Has a Dream of Becoming an Astronaut D．The Three Astronauts Entered the Tiangong Space Station 14 （2024·山东日照·二模）According to the country’s space experts, China is developing a new carrier rocket and manned spacecraft now. The new carrier rocket is called Long March-10. It is mainly developed to achieve the goal to land astronauts on the moon by 2030, said Rong Yi, a rocket expert. The Long March-10 uses liquid hydrogen, liquid oxygen and kerosene (煤油) as propellants (推进剂). It has a total length of about 92 meters, a takeoff weight of about 2,187 tonnes (公吨), a takeoff thrust (of about 2,678 tonnes, and a carrying capacity of no less than 27 tonnes for the Earth-moon transfer orbit (转换轨道). The Long March-10 is expected to prepare for its first flight in 2027, said Rong in a recent interview. Of course, the new rocket can also send astronauts and cargo (货物) to the space station. The new manned spacecraft is also a support for China to land astronauts on the moon by 2030. It can meet the needs of near-Earth and deep space missions (任务). According to an expert, the spacecraft can carry three astronauts. It is mainly used to send astronauts to orbit around the moon and return to Earth. Unlike the three-module Shenzhou spacecraft, the new spacecraft has two parts. One is the return capsule (舱), which is the command center of the Whole spacecraft and the living quarters for the astronauts. The other is the service module, which is the energy and power center. The structure makes the spaceship have more reusable parts. 61．What’s the purpose of developing the new carrier rocket? A．To explore the Mars. B．To prepare for moon landing. C．To finish a secret space mission. D．To send cargo to the space station. 62．How much does the new rocket weigh when it begins to take off? A．About 92 tonnes. B．About 2,187 tonnes. C．About 2,678 tonnes. D．No less than 27tonnes. 63．How many structures does the new spaceship have? A．Two-modules. B．Three-modules. C．four-modules. D．five-modules. 15 （2024·河南漯河·二模）Do you want to travel to space? Here is a piece of good news for you. The world’s first space travel agent started in the UK. The agent will arrange flights, accommodations (住宿) and entertainment packages. It costs from $250,000 to $791,666. If you want to travel in space, you can go to visit bark. com. “I’d like to be the first one who ever set foot on the Mars and I want to check it out whether there is water or life with my own eyes.” said Kate, who now works in the agent. “I think it is many people’s dream to be an astronaut when they are young. And this is not the right job for everyone because it is very difficult to be an astronaut. But don’t worry. Our agent can give people the chance to have this experience for a few weeks.” said Kai Feller, CEO of bark. com. “People can experience zero gravity and enjoy wonderful views of the Earth. They can also watch 16 sunrises and sunsets in a day.” said Franklin, the leader of the agent. They are now working more on it and all members of the agent hope that they can provide more service for space travel. “If their dream comes true, ours will also come true.” said Jacky, a volunteer in the agent. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 64．In which country did the world’s first space travel agent start? A．The US. B．The UK. C．France. D．Japan. 65．If you travel to space, how much may you pay? A．$550,000. B．$5,500,000. C．$55,000. D．$50,000. 66．What can we know from Kai Feller’s words? A．Young people can be an astronaut easily if enough time is paid. B．It will be easy for everyone to be an astronaut because it costs a little. C．The agent can give people the experience to be an astronaut for some months. D．The agent can give people the experience to be an astronaut for some weeks. 67．W hat can’t people do during the experience? A．Experience zero gravity in space. B．Enjoy wonderful views of the Earth. C．Watch 16 sunrises and sunsets in a day. D．Provide more service for space travel. 68．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．Services are provided by space travel agents. B．Mars may have water and life. C．In space, there is really gravity. D．For more information, you need to visit the website. 16 （2024·辽宁沈阳·二模）Have you ever thought of living in weightless conditions in space? Do you want to go through daily life as an astronaut in the space station? In fact, ordinary people have no chance of this kind. James, a university student whose childhood dream was to be an astronaut, managed to take part in an important project carried out in a lab in his university. He was chosen to be a group leader of eight students. They had to live in the closed lab where the living condition was similar to that in the space station. James was proud to be an “astronaut” and couldn’t wait for it. After several days in the lab, he and his group members found that the daily life there was more difficult than expected. Growing crops (庄稼) was one of their daily tasks. However, no crops came up though they tried to do everything they could. The students worked together day and night to find the solution. One day when they found one crop came up, James couldn’t help crying with cheers. Everything seemed to go smoothly, and before long, 30 kinds of crops were able to grow. The students were also required to record their health like blood pressure every day. They were watched by scientists outside. Luckily, the students kept healthy until the end. The aim of the whole project was to collect useful information to better living conditions for astronauts in space. In total, James’ group stayed in the lab for 200 days. This set a world record for the longest stay in a simulative (模拟的) space station. 69．What did James manage to do according to the text? A．Act as an astronaut in the space station. B．Make some experiments in a space lab. C．Attend a useful course in his university. D．Experience an astronaut’s everyday life. 70．Which can best describe James’ change in feelings in Paragraph 3? A．Happy→angry→crazy. B．Stressful→doubtful→hopeful. C．Curious→nervous→serious. D．Excited→disappointed→pleased. 71．Why was the project carried out? A．To find a practical way of growing crops in space. B．To improve astronauts’ living conditions in space. C．To choose some college students to work in space. D．To set a world record for the longest stay in space. 72．What can be the best title (标题) for the text? A．A Childhood Dream Coming True B．Build a “Green” Home in Space C．A Space Task Becoming Possible D．Be an “Astronaut” on the Earth 二、完形填空 1 （2024·陕西商洛·三模）阅读下面短文，理解大意，从所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 The astronauts on Shenzhou XV came back to the earth safely after spending 186 days on China’s space station. Before returning, they sent a 73 to the earth. It was to 16-year-old Tsering Dargy. Tsering is from Tibet, and is studying in Beijing. Over 10,000 people sent letters to the astronauts, but Tsering was the only one to have a 74 . “I was very excited and was 75 enough to get the letter. I want to thank our country for giving me the 76 towrite the letter,” he said. In his letter, Tsering showed his strong 77 in the sky. When he was a child, his grandfather told him stories about it. In 2021, he 78 from Tibet, the place closest to the sky on the earth, to Beijing, the place closest to the 79 of China’s space aerospace industry. The astronaut Fei Junlong wrote the letter to Tsering and 80 him a lot. “As you wrote in your letter, the road to success is never 81 . Only by working hard can you make your dreams 82 ,” Fei wrote. He ended the letter by wishing Tsering and his classmates success in their studies. Tsering is now studying hard. “My dream is to learn computer science at Tsinghua University. Then I can work in space one day.” he said. 73．A．picture B．letter C．gift D．book 74．A．goal B．choice C．reply D．decision 75．A．simple B．busy C．careful D．lucky 76．A．chance B．advice C．service D．treasure 77．A．power B．interest C．news D．degree 78．A．changed B．discovered C．moved D．improved 79．A．heart B．corner C．invention D．production 80．A．forced B．allowed C．encouraged D．believed 81．A．interesting B．difficult C．lonely D．easy 82．A．take place B．come true C．put off D．make up 2 （2024·江西景德镇·二模）请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各小题所给出的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入相应空白处的最佳选项。 Most people will remember the excitement of receiving their first letter from a pen pal. The 83 of receiving those letters is beyond description. Chen Man-lin, a 15-year-old Hong Kong student, was very happy. Her pen pal was orbiting in the Tiangong Space Station when he wrote inspiring words to her. When Chen 84 the national letter-writing activity named “Sending My Dream to Tiangong” to write to the 85 on Tiangong, she wrote a letter the same evening. In her letter, she detailed every moment of her own planned 86 toward contributing (贡献) to national aerospace (航天航空) development, and what she knew about astronauts and the national aerospace development program. Chen’s 87 to write the letter was more than just an impulse (冲动). Her 88 in space had begun at the age of six 89 she watched the live broadcast from orbit (轨道) of a science lecture. She poured that passion for space into her letter, as well as some of her problems over her studies in life. The three-page reply from Shenzhou XIV astronaut Chen Dong, 90 about a month later. As one of the 30, 000 students from all over the country to take part in the activity, Chen was 91 chosen to receive a reply, the only one in Hong Kong. To encourage the students, Chen Dong recalled 92 he became an astronaut step by step. He also shared his tips for overcoming the difficulties when studying physics and other 93 necessary to achieve his goals. He hoped that young Hong Kong people could follow 94 dreams and make contributions to the country. The arrival of a letter from space was also a 95 gift to mark the 25th anniversary of Hong Kong’s return to the motherland. “I’ll do as he 96 in the letter; study harder and 97 to stay healthy. I look forward to contributing to national aerospace development in the future,” said Chen. 83．A．report B．beauty C．message D．kindness 84．A．thought about B．cared about C．talked about D．learned about 85．A．astronauts B．writers C．parents D．teachers 86．A．vacation B．journey C．race D．interview 87．A．purpose B．chance C．decision D．notice 88．A．habit B．style C．story D．interest 89．A．when B．as long as C．as soon as D．as far as 90．A．posted B．left C．arrived D．brought 91．A．suddenly B．luckily C．widely D．truly 92．A．when B．where C．why D．how 93．A．abilities B．skills C．subjects D．hobbies 94．A．his B．their C．our D．your 95．A．proper B．possible C．fair D．useful 96．A．ordered B．promised C．prepared D．Advised 97．A．find out B．come out C．work out D．look out 3 （2024·贵州毕节·三模）Are you interested in space knowledge? If so, meet our astronaut 98 , Jing Haipeng, Zhu yangzhu and Gui Haichao! On September 21, 2021, the three shenzhou-16 astronauts gave the fourth Tiangong class from 99 to students on the Earth. This was the first 100 class from the Mengtian lab module (舱). The 48-minute-long class had three parts. First, the three astronauts talked about their life in the module. Next, they did four interesting 101 . In one of them, two astronauts lit a candle. They 102 students to do the same experiment on the Earth to find out the differences. At the end of the class, some students asked the astronauts some questions that they were most interested in, and the astronauts answered them 103 . Around 2, 800 students had the class in five classrooms that were set in five 104 cities. The main classroom was in Beihang university in Beijing. Gui Haichao 105 at the university as a teacher before he became an astronaut of shenzhou-16. More than 2,400 students and teachers from the university and primary and middle schools went to the main classroom. “I can have the science class from space, so I felt excited. I was most interested in the candle experiment,” said a primary school student from Beijing. “I really 106 to fly to space someday.” The “Tiangong class” was surely 107 . An increasing number of young people are becoming interested in space. And the Tiangong space station plays an important role in science popularization (普及) and education. 98．A．teachers B．doctors C．students 99．A．school B．earth C．space 100．A．math B．English C．science 101．A．sports B．experiments C．exercises 102．A．invited B．ordered C．allowed 103．A．angrily B．worriedly C．patiently 104．A．different B．beautiful C．ancient 105．A．studied B．worked C．played 106．A．wish B．agree C．refuse 107．A．boring B．difficult C．popular 4 （2014·广东广州·一模）How many things can you see in the night sky? A lot! 108 a clear evening you might see the Moon and some planets. And thousands of sparkling stars 109 , too. You can see even 110 with a telescope. You might see stars where you only saw dark space before. You might see that many stars look larger than others. You might see that some stars 111 look white are really red or blue. But scientists believe there are some things in the sky that we 112 We can’t see them with the biggest telescope in the world, even when it is the clearest night of the year. That’s 113 they’re invisible. They’re the mysterious dead stars called black holes. You might find 114 hard to imagine that stars die. After all, our Sun is a star. Year after year we see it up in the sky, burning brightly, giving us heat and light. The Sun certainly doesn’t seem 115 getting old or weak. But stars do burn out and die after billions of years. As a star’s gases burn, they give off light and heat. But when the gas runs 116 , the star stops burning and begins to die. So the next time you stare up at the night sky, remember: there’s more in the sky than that meets the eye 117 amazing space it is! 108．A．On B．In C．At D．For 109．A．see B．were see C．can be seen D．will be seen 110．A．much B．many C．most D．more 111．A．what B．which C．who D．where 112．A．never see B．never saw C．will never see D．had never seen 113．A．when B．how C．because D．so 114．A．it B．you C．yourself D．itself 115．A．to be B．being C．been D．is 116．A．around B．off C．away D．out 117．A．How B．What C．What an D．How an 参考答案 一、 1 1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．D 【解析】本文介绍了土星环形成的原因，根据科学家的研究，土星环正在消失，这个美丽的星球将失去它的光环。 1．细节理解题。根据“It has beautiful rings. Of all the planets in the solar system, Saturn’s rings are the biggest and brightest.”可知，土星漂亮是因为它有漂亮的光环。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“But there is a popular theory: Some small planets ran into each other with Saturn’s moons. Earth has only one moon. But Saturn has at least 60 moons. And this left behind a large amount of ice and rock pieces.”可知，光环是由冰和岩石碎片构成的。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据后文“About ten tons of ‘ring matter’ is falling into Saturn every second. If this continues, the planet’s ring system will no longer exist in 100 million to 300 million years’ time.”可知，后文提到了构成环的物质正在落入土星，因此土星环的物质正逐渐成为土星的一部分。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据科学家说的“Some of the planets in our solar system only have very thin rings today. Perhaps we just missed seeing their huge ring systems!”可知，一些行星曾经有巨大的环。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据“According to scientists, however, these rings will one day disappear completely.”可知，本文通篇围绕土星即将消失的环展开阐述的。故选D。 2 6．D 7．B 8．A 9．B 【解析】本文是关于人类探索木星的历程，揭示了人们在木星及其卫星上的神奇发现。 6．细节理解题。根据第一段“From the moon to Mars, scientists have been looking for water—the key to life—in the solar system for decades. Recently, they have turned to Jupiter (木星)!”和第二段“On April 14, the European Space Agency’s (ESA) JUICE spacecraft successfully lifted off from French Guiana in South America.”可知，JUICE已被送往木星寻找水。故选D。 7．主旨大意题。根据第四段“In 1998, NASA’s Galileo spacecraft found that Europa might be ejecting (喷射) water as far as 160 kilometers into space. That gave scientists the idea of studying the icy moons of Jupiter.”可知，本段主要是想告诉我们为什么科学家想研究木星。故选B。 8．词句猜测题。根据第五段“The oceans under these moons are likely to be tens of kilometers deep. But they are also trapped under tens of kilometers of ice, making it very difficult to study them.”可知，这些卫星下的海洋可能有几十公里深。但它们也被困在数十公里的冰层下，所以划线单词与locked近义。故选A。 9．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The main goal is to understand whether there are habitable (适合居住的) environments among those icy moons and around a giant planet like Jupiter”可知，此次任务的目的是查明是否生命可以在木星的一些卫星上生存。故选B。 3 10．D 11．C 12．D 13．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了天文家们发现宇宙中有上千颗恒星都可以看到地球，但是因为两者之间的距离过远，信息传递需要很长时间，所以短时间内无法与外星人交换信息。 10．细节理解题。根据“Out of all those stars, only 1,715 of them could see Earth within the last 5,000 years, with an extra 319 stars that will be able to see us in the next 5,000 years.”可知，在接下来的5000年里，将会有1715+319=2034颗星球看到我们。故选D。 11．词义猜测题。根据“they could easily see that there is life here because of the oxygen on Earth.”可知，划线部分指代的是“the oxygen on Earth”，其所在句子意为：如果地球上的氧气没有泄露这个信息，那么我们发射到太空的无线电波也将是一个指示器。故选C。 12．细节理解题。根据“It takes a long time for messages to travel between star systems.”可知，信息在恒星系统之间传播需要很长时间这一点阻碍了人类与外星人交换信息。故选D。 13．主旨大意题。根据“According to a study published in Nature on June 23, astronomers (天文学家) have found that 1,715 stars have had a direct view of Earth since humans were here.”并通读全文可知，本文介绍了天文学家在研究中的一项新发现，即有上千颗恒星都可以观测到地球，故选A。 4 14．B 15．C 16．A 17．D 18．C 【解析】本文主要讲述了一些关于月亮的事实。 14．细节理解题。根据第一段“It is always shaped like a ball.”可知，月亮的形状总是像一个球，即月亮总是呈圆形。故选B。 15．词义猜测题。根据第二段“As the moon revolves around the earth, you see different amounts of the moon’s bright side.”可知，当月亮围绕地球旋转时，你会看到不同面积的月亮的亮面。由此猜测，revolves意为turns“旋转”。故选C。 16．段落大意题。根据第二段“The moon does not make its own light. The light comes from the sun. The moon reflects the light from the sun...In the fall, the full moon starts to rise just as the sun sets. This gives us extra light to do things outdoors.”可知，本段主要讲述了月亮的光。故选A。 17．细节理解题。根据第二段“The moon is really made of rock, not cheese. When it is a full moon, you can see by the light of the moon.”可知，当满月时，你可以看到月亮是由岩石构成的。故选D。 18．标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了一些关于月亮的事实。因此，选项C“关于月亮的一些事实”是最佳标题。故选C。 5 19．C 20．B 21．C 22．D 23．A 【解析】本文主要介绍了黑洞吞噬了一个小行星又把它喷出的事情。 19．推理判断题。根据“Have you ever burped (打嗝) after a meal? Recently, scientists from Harvard University found a black hole that ‘burped out’ the star it had ‘eaten’.”可知作者通过举例打嗝来形容黑洞把小行星给喷出，因此这里把黑洞比作人。故选C。 20．细节理解题。根据“Back in 2018, a small star was seen to be ‘eaten’ by a black hole that is 665 million light years away from Earth. Three years later, the same black hole became active again.”可知2021年，这个黑洞又再次活跃了起来。故选B。 21．细节理解题。根据“This time, it began ejecting (喷出) materials of the star at half the speed...us completely by surprise—no one has ever seen anything like this before,”和“but the ejecting has only taken place at the same time as the eating, not three years later.”可知，Yvette Cendes对AT2018hyz感到惊讶的原因是，黑洞在吞噬行星三年后才开始喷出物质，这是前所未有的。故选C。 22．推理判断题。根据“However, scientists have not yet found the true reason. But they say they will work hard on it.”可知科学家们会做进一步的研究调查相关原因。故选D。 23．最佳标题题。根据文章大意可知，本文主要介绍的是黑洞“打嗝”喷出了曾经被“吃掉”的小行星。故选A。 6 24．D 25．C 26．C 27．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了来自中国和英国的科学家现在发现月球可能有充足的水。 24．细节理解题。根据“Scientists from China and the UK have now discovered that the moon may have water ‘reservoirs’, said a recent paper.”和“It then cools down and falls back to the moon’s surface, forming beads of glass.”可知，中国和英国的科学家发现月球上有可能含有水的玻璃珠。故选D。 25．细节理解题。根据“This ‘water’ wasn’t a liquid but instead took the form of hydrogen ... in the glass beads, which can easily be turned into the water we can use,”可知，这种“水”不是液体，而是氢气的形式，可以转化为我们需要的水。故选C。 26．推理判断题。根据“The Chang’e 5 probe, which returned to Earth on Dec 17, 2020, brought back a total of 1,731 grams of rocks and soil from the moon’s surface, including glass beads, reported Xinhua.”可知，嫦娥五号探测器从月球表面带回了玻璃珠，可以证明这种玻璃珠是存在的。故选C。 27．推理判断题。根据“If the water in the beads is easy to get, it will be a ‘really big deal’ for space exploration”和“Now, water used by astronauts during their long stays in space stations is recycled, said the China Manned Space website.”可知，现在宇航员在空间站长期停留期间需要循环利用水，如果珠子里的水很容易获得，这对太空探索来说将是件大事，由此可推断，宇航员们日后将不必担心缺水了。故选B。 7 28．B 29．A 30．D 31．B 32．A 【解析】本文主要介绍了火星探测器。 28．细节理解题。根据第二段“It has six wheels and four solar panels (太阳能板), and can move 200 meters an hour on the surface of Mars.”可知，火星探测器可以在火星表面每小时移动200米，而不是每小时移动300米。故选B。 29．细节理解题。根据第二段“The rover is l.85 meters high and weighs about 240 kilograms.”可知，这是火星探测器的外观，不是火星探测器工作的困难。故选A。 30．细节理解题。根据第三段“China has named its nation’s first Mars rover ‘Zhurong’, a fire god in ancient Chinese legend.”可知，火星探测器“祝融”得名于中国古代的一位神。故选D。 31．细节理解题。根据最后一段“More importantly, it is making what people used to think impossible possible.”可知，人们认为火星探测器不仅是最伟大的科学成就，也是一个技术奇迹，因为它使人们过去认为不可能的事情成为可能。故选B。 32．标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了火星探测器。因此，选项A“火星探测器简介”是最佳标题。故选A。 8 33．D 34．B 35．B 36．D 37．A 【解析】本文主要讲述的是研究植物是否能在月球上生长。 33．细节理解题。根据“Astronauts will not be able to take all the food they will need. So they may have to grow some of it on moon farms.”可知，宇航员将无法携带他们需要的所有食物，所以他们可能不得不在月球农场种植一些。故选D。 34．段落大意题。根据“Scientists put this soil in little cups. Each cup got about a teaspoon of moon soil. Other cups got Earth soil. The scientists planted seeds (种子). They watered the soil and put the cups under growth lights.”可知，本段主要介绍研究的步骤，故选B。 35．推理判断题。根据“The older the moon soil was, the worse the plants grew.”可知，月球土壤越古老，植物生长得越差，选项B符合描述，故选B。 36．细节理解题。根据“The key could be finding the right place.”可知，关键是要找到合适的地方。故选D。 37．最佳标题题。本文主要讲述的是研究植物是否能在月球上生长，选项A“太空植物”符合主题，故选A。 9 38．C 39．B 40．A 41．B 【解析】本文介绍了中国太空项目各个名字的由来。 38．细节理解题。根据“The Wukong satellite is just as sharp-eyed as Monkey King to help scientists search for dark matter in space.”可知，悟空卫星帮助科学家在太空中搜索暗物质。故选C。 39．词句猜测题。根据“In Chinese myths, this is the home of Tian Di.”可知，天帝是神话中的人物，所以画线单词表示“神话”。故选B。 40．细节理解题。根据“Tianwen, China’s Mars missions, gets its name from the poem Tianwen by Qu Yuan.”可知，是来自屈原的诗，故选A。 41．细节理解题。根据“We, the Chinese people, have a long space dream. So the naming of Chinese space programs is treated very importantly.”可知，是因为我们有着漫长的太空梦想，所以中国航天项目的命名是非常重要的。故选B。 10 42．C 43．A 44．B 45．A 【解析】本文主要讲述了为什么美国、中国和其他国家想把人送上火星，以及在这个过程中可能面临的困难和挑战。 42． 细节理解题。根据“That’s why the United States, China and other countries want to send people to Mars. But surviving this trip would not be easy.”可知，火星之旅并不轻松。故选C。 43． 细节理解题。根据“While space travel is never free of danger, it takes a lot more health risks to travel in space for a long time...For one thing, staying in space for long periods makes the human body weak. Also, it puts pressure behind the eyes and causes eye problems.”和“Then there’s space radiation (辐射) to worry about”可知，长时间在太空旅行会带来更多的健康风险：给眼睛带来压力，并导致眼睛问题以及太空辐射。故选A。 44．推理判断题。根据“Mars is about 225 million kilometers away, so it would take astronauts at least six months to reach there. However, it only takes a few days to get to the moon.”可知，火星距离火星约2.25亿公里，因此宇航员至少需要六个月才能到达那里。选项B“火星之旅将是人类历史上最远的旅行。”符合语境。故选B。 45．推理判断题。本文主要讲述了为什么美国、中国和其他国家想把人送上火星，以及在这个过程中可能面临的困难和挑战。由此可知，作者写这篇文章是为了说明去火星的生存之旅。故选A。 11 46．A 47．A 48．C 49．D 50．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新型的太空旅行方式——太空气球。 46．细节理解题。根据“You’ve heard of space rockets, but have you heard of a space balloon?”可知，文章开头作者设问“你听说过太空气球吗”。故选A。 47．细节理解题。根据第二段“Taking off from Kennedy Space Center, the trip will take six hours—two hours travelling up, two hours enjoying the view and two hours travelling back.”可知，从肯尼迪航天中心起飞，这次旅行将耗时六个小时——上行两个小时，欣赏美景两个小时和回程两个小时。故选A。 48．细节理解题。根据第二段“Below the hydrogen (氢气)-filled balloon, a spaceship is large enough for eight travelers to stand and walk freely within.”可知，在充满氢气的气球下面，一艘宇宙飞船足够大，可以让八名旅行者在里面自由站立和行走。即这艘宇宙飞船最多可载8名乘客。故选C。 49．细节理解题。根据第四段“This is why space travel with hydrogen balloons is thought to be the most environmentally friendly so far.”可知，氢气球太空旅行被认为是迄今为止最环保的。故选D。 50．最佳标题题。通过全文可知，文章主要介绍了一种新型的太空旅行方式——太空气球，故“一种新的太空旅行方式”可以作为最佳标题。故选D。 12 51．B 52．A 53．D 54．B 55．D 【解析】本文主要介绍中国太空任务：以神舟十八号机组人员和他们的研究为主要部分。 51．细节理解题。根据“This mission is special because it features China’s first space-based study of water ecosystems. ”可知，这次任务的特殊之处在于，它是中国首次在太空中对水生态系统进行研究。故选B。 52．细节理解题。根据“They are very small vertebrates (脊椎动物) and they share 70 percent of their genes with humans.”可知，斑马鱼被选在太空中研究是因为它们是非常小的脊椎动物以及它们与人类有70％的基因相同。故选A。 53．细节理解题。根据“Next, we plan on bringing mice to space. We’ll raise them there for a while and then bring them back to Earth for further study,” Zhang Wei...”可知，把老鼠带到太空，饲养它们，然后把它们带回来做进一步的研究是中国太空任务未来的计划。故选D。 54．推理判断题。根据“These new astronauts will join the team already working on space station missions and help achieve China’s first manned landing on the moon.”可推知，中国将继续它的太空探索之旅。故选B。 55．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍中国太空任务：以神舟十八号机组人员和他们的研究为主要部分。故选D。 13 56．B 57．A 58．C 59．D 60．B 【解析】本文主要介绍了中国宇航员王亚平的太空之旅和她对宇宙的探索。 56．细节理解题。根据文中“Every day, we see the sunrise 16 times.”可知，当时王亚平在太空每天看到16次日出，由此可判断，她一整天能绕地球16次，故选B。 57．细节理解题。根据文中“Because of her excellent performance, in 2010, she was chosen to train as an astronaut.”可知，王亚平于 2010年被选为航天员，故选A。 58．细节理解题。根据文中“Wang and her team stayed in space for about 180 days.”可知，王亚平和她的团队在太空停留了约180天，即约6个月，故选C。 59．细节理解题。根据文中“She is also the second woman astronaut to take part in a spaceflight after Liu Yang.”可知，她也是继刘洋之后第二位参加太空飞行的女宇航员，所以选项D表达错误，故选 D。 60．最佳标题题。通读全文可知本文主要讲的是中国航天员王亚平进入中国空间站，并完成太空行走的事迹，因此 B 项适合做文章的标题，故选B。 14 61．B 62．B 63．A 【解析】本文主要讲述了目前中国正在开发的一种新的运载火箭和载人飞船。 61．细节理解题。根据“It is mainly developed to achieve the goal to land astronauts on the moon by 2030, said Rong Yi, a rocket expert.”可知，是为登月做准备。故选B。 62．细节理解题。根据“a takeoff weight of about 2,187 tonnes (公吨)”可知，大约2187吨。故选B。 63．细节理解题。根据“Unlike the three-module Shenzhou spacecraft, the new spacecraft has two parts.”可知，新宇宙飞船有两种模型结构。故选A。 15 64．B 65．A 66．D 67．D 68．C 【解析】本文主要介绍了世界上第一家太空旅行社的特点及旅行项目。 64．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The world’s first space travel agent started in the UK.”可知，世界上第一家太空旅行社在英国成立。故选B。 65．细节理解题。根据第二段中“It costs from $250,000 to $791,666.”可知，去太空旅行花费的价格从250000美元到791666美元不等。选项A在这一区间内。故选A。 66．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Our agent can give people the chance to have this experience for a few weeks.”可知，这家旅行社可以让顾客有机会体验几个星期的宇航员生活。故选D。 67．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“...all members of the agent hope that they can provide more service for space travel.”可知，他们希望可以提供更多的太空旅行服务，但目前还未实现。故选D。 68．推理判断题。根据第五段中“People can experience zero gravity...”和常识可知，太空中应是失重状态。故选C。 16 69．D 70．D 71．B 72．D 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了James参加一项模拟太空空间站生活的实验的经历。 69．推理判断题。根据“He was chosen to be a group leader of eight students. They had to live in the closed lab where the living condition was similar to that in the space station.”可知，James被选为八名学生的小组长，他和组员必须住在封闭的实验室里，生活条件与空间站相似，可推测James体验宇航员的日常生活。故选D。 70．推理判断题。根据“James was proud to be an “astronaut” and couldn’t wait for it.”，“However, no crops came up though they tried to do everything they could.”和“One day when they found one crop came up, James couldn’t help crying with cheers.”可知，James为自己成为一名“宇航员”而感到骄傲；尽管James和组员们想尽一切办法，还是没有收成，可推测大家很失望；有一天，当他们发现一粒庄稼长出来时，James忍不住欢呼雀跃，可推测D选项“兴奋→失望→高兴”与文章相符。故选D。 71．细节理解题。根据“The aim of the whole project was to collect useful information to better living conditions for astronauts in space.”可知，整个项目的目的是收集有用的信息，以改善宇航员在太空的生活条件。故选B。 72．标题归纳题。根据全文可知，本文主要讲述了James在封闭的实验室里，参加一项模拟太空空间站生活的实验，即在地球上做一名的“宇航员”。故选D。 二、 1 73．B 74．C 75．D 76．A 77．B 78．C 79．A 80．C 81．D 82．B 【解析】本文主要讲述了来自西藏的男孩收到宇航员的回信，文章讲述了他信中的内容以及宇航员对他的鼓励。 73．句意：在返回之前，他们给地球发了一封信。这是给16岁的Tsering Dargy的。 picture图片；letter信；gift礼物；book书。根据“sent letters to the astronauts”可知是回信。故选B。 74．句意：但是Tsering是唯一一个得到答复的人。 goal目标；choice选择；reply回复；decision决定。根据“sent letters to the astronauts”可知是他是唯一一个收到回信的。故选C 75．句意：我很兴奋，很幸运能收到这封信。 simple简单的；busy忙的；careful认真的；lucky幸运的。根据“enough to get the letter”可知得到回信很幸运。故选D。 76．句意：我要感谢我们的国家给了我写这封信的机会。 chance机会；advice建议；service服务；treasure宝藏。根据“to write the letter”可知是指有了一次写这封信的机会。故选A。 77．句意：Tsering在信中表达了他对天空的强烈兴趣。 power权力；interest兴趣；news新闻；degree学位。根据“showed his strong...in the sky.”可知是表达了他对天空的兴趣。故选B。 78．句意：2021年，他从地球上离天空最近的地方——西藏搬到了离中国航天事业中心最近的地方——北京。 changed改变；discover发现；moved移动；improved提高。根据“from Tibet...to Beijing”可知是从西藏搬到了北京。故选C。 79．句意：2021年，他从地球上离天空最近的地方西藏搬到了离中国航天事业中心最近的地方北京。 heart中心；corner角落；invention发明；production生产。根据“of China’s space aerospace industry”可知北京离中国航天事业中心最近。故选A。 80．句意：航天员费俊龙给Tsering写了这封信，给他很大的鼓励。 force迫使；allowed允许；encouraged鼓励；believed相信。根据“Only by working hard can you make your dreams”可知此处是在鼓励他。故选C。 81．句意：正如你在信中所写的，通往成功的道路从来都不容易。 interesting有趣的；difficult困难的；lonely孤独的；easy容易的。根据“As you wrote in your letter, the road to success is never”可知成功之路都是不容易的。故选D。 82． 句意：只有努力工作，你才能实现你的梦想。 take place发生；come true实现；put off推迟；make up编造。根据“Only by working hard can you make your dreams”可知是实现梦想。故选B。 2 83．B 84．D 85．A 86．B 87．C 88．D 89．A 90．C 91．B 92．D 93．C 94．B 95．A 96．D 97．C 【解析】本文讲述了一个15岁的香港学生给航天员写信，以及宇航员陈冬的回信。 83．句意：收到这些信件的美妙之处无法用语言形容。 report报道；beauty美丽；message消息；kindness善良。根据“the excitement of receiving their first letter from a pen pal”可知收到笔友的信是激动的，因此是美妙的感觉，故选B。 84．句意：当陈蔓琳在得知全国开展的名为《把我的梦想送上天宫》给天宫上的航天员写信的活动后，当晚就写了一封信。 thought about思考；cared about关心；talked about谈论；learned about了解。根据“she wrote a letter the same evening”可知在得知全国开展的名为《把我的梦想送上天宫》给天宫上的航天员写信的活动后，当晚就写了一封信。故选D。 85．句意：当陈蔓琳在得知全国开展的名为《把我的梦想送上天宫》给天宫上的航天员写信的活动后，当晚就写了一封信。 astronauts宇航员；writers作家；parents父母；teachers教师。根据“Tiangong”可知是天宫太空站，所以是写给宇航员。故选A。 86．句意：在她的信中，她详细描述了自己计划为国家航空航天发展做出贡献的每一刻，以及她对宇航员和国家航空航天发展计划的了解。 vacation假期；journey行程；race比赛；interview采访。根据“toward contributing (贡献) to national aerospace (航天航空) development”可知是指计划为国家航空航天发展做出贡献的每一刻行程，故选B。 87．句意：陈写这封信的决定不仅仅是一时的冲动。 purpose目的；chance机会；decision决定；notice通知。根据“to write the letter was more than just an impulse”可知是指写这封信的决定不仅仅是一时的冲动，故选C。 88．句意：她从六岁开始对太空感兴趣，当她在轨道上观看了一场科学讲座的现场直播时。 habit习惯；style风格；story故事；interest兴趣。根据“in space had begun at the age of six”以及结合空后的介词in，可知是对太空感兴趣，故选D。 89．句意：她从六岁开始对太空感兴趣，当她在轨道上观看了一场科学讲座的现场直播时。 when当……时；as long as只要；as soon as一……就；as far as就……而言。横线后是时间状语从句，表示当她在轨道上观看了一场科学讲座的现场直播时，应用when。故选A。 90．句意：神舟十四号宇航员陈冬长达三页的回复在大约一个月后到达。 posted邮寄；left留下；arrived到达；brought带来。根据“The three-page reply from Shenzhou XIV astronaut Chen Dong”以及后文的“The arrival of a letter from space”可知是指回复的到达，故选C。 91．句意：作为来自全国各地的参加这次活动的3万名学生中的一员，陈幸运地被选中接收回复，香港的唯一一个。 suddenly突然；luckily幸运地；widely广泛地；truly真地。根据“the only one in Hong Kong”可知是幸运的，故选B。 92．句意：为了鼓励同学们，陈冬回忆了自己是如何一步步成为宇航员的。 when什么时候；where哪里；why为什么；how怎样。根据“he became an astronaut step by step”可知是指如何一步步成为宇航员的。故选D。 93．句意：他还分享了他在学习物理和其他必要学科以实现目标时克服困难的技巧。 abilities能力；skills技能；subjects科目；hobbies爱好。根据横线前是物理学科，所以横线后是其他的学科。故选C。 94．句意：他希望香港青年能够追逐他们的梦想，为国家作出贡献。 his他的；their他们的；our我们的；your你们的。主语是“young Hong Kong people”，因此对应的应是“他们的”，故选B。 95．句意：太空信件的来临，也是纪念香港回归祖国25周年的恰当礼物。 proper合适的；possible可能的；fair公平的；useful有用的。根据“gift to mark the 25th anniversary of Hong Kong’s return to the motherland”可知是指也是纪念香港回归祖国25周年的恰当礼物。故选A。 96．句意：我会照他在信中的建议去做。 ordered命令；promised承诺；prepared准备；advised建议。根据“He also shared his tips”可知是指建议，故选D。 97．句意：更加努力地学习和锻炼以保持健康。 find out查明；come out出版；work out锻炼身体；look out小心。根据后文“to stay healthy”保持健康，所以是锻炼身体。故选C。 3 98．A 99．C 100．C 101．B 102．A 103．C 104．A 105．B 106．A 107．C 【解析】本文主要讲述了三名来自神舟16号的航天员在太空中给地球上的学生上课的事情。 98．句意：如果是这样，来见见我们的宇航员老师，景海鹏、朱杨柱和桂海潮！ teachers教师；doctors医生；students学生。根据下文介绍可知，三位宇航员在太空上给学生上课，所以是老师，故选A。 99．句意：2021年9月21日，神舟16号三名航天员从太空给地球上的学生上了第四节天宫课。 school学校；earth地球；space太空。根据“the three shenzhou-16 astronauts”可知，宇航员在太空上给学生上课，故选C。 100．句意：这是梦天实验舱的第一节科学课。 math数学；English英语；science科学。根据下文介绍的物理实验可知，和科学有关，故选C。 101．句意：接下来，他们做了四个有趣的实验。 sports运动；experiments实验；exercises练习。根据下文“students to do the same experiment on the Earth to find out the differences.”可知，是指实验，故选B。 102．句意：他们邀请学生在地球上做同样的实验，以找出差异。 invited邀请；ordered命令；allowed允许。根据“students to do the same experiment on the Earth to find out the differences.”可知，是指他们邀请学生在地球上做同样的实验，故选A。 103．句意：在课程结束时，一些学生问了宇航员一些他们最感兴趣的问题，宇航员耐心地回答了他们。 angrily愤怒地；worriedly担心地；patiently耐心地。根据“and the astronauts answered them”可知，他们应该是耐心地回答学生问题，故选C。 104．句意：大约2800名学生在五个不同城市的五个教室里上了这门课。 different不同的； beautiful美丽的；ancient古老的。根据“The main classroom was in Beihang university in Beijing”可知，学生在不同的城市，故选A。 105．句意：在成为神舟十六号宇航员之前，桂海潮曾在这所大学当过老师。 studied学习；worked工作；played玩。根据“ as a teacher ”可知，桂海潮曾经在这里工作过，故选B。 106．句意：我真希望有一天能飞上太空。 wish希望；agree同意；refuse拒绝。根据“to fly to space someday”可知，希望自己飞上太空，故选A。 107．句意：“天宫课”当然很受欢迎。 boring无聊的；difficult困难的；popular受欢迎的。根据“An increasing number of young people are becoming interested in space.”可说明“天宫课”很受欢迎。故选C。 4 108．A 109．C 110．D 111．B 112．A 113．C 114．A 115．A 116．D 117．B 【分析】试题分析：这篇短文介绍宇宙当中的行星。其中星星不只有我们看到的白色，还有红色和蓝色，这些都是死去的星星。星星考气体燃烧发光，当气体用尽，星星便会死去。而太阳被证实不会死去。 108．考查介词及语境的理解。句意：在一个晴天的夜晚你可以看到月亮和一些行星。A. On“在……上面”；B. In“在……里面”；C. At“在（表示时间地点等词的前面）”D. For“为，给”。 表示在具体某一天及具体某一天的上午、下午和晚上。 on，故选A。 109．考查动词及语境的理解。句意：还能看到成千上万的闪烁的星星。See与star是被动关系，因此要用被动语态。时态是一般现在时，故选C。 110．考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：用望远镜可以看到更多的星星。A. much“许多，修饰不可数名词”；B. many“许多的，修饰可数名词复数”；C. most“much和many的最高级”；D. more“much和many的比较级”。联系上下文，故选D。 111．考查连接词及语境的理解。句意：你还能看到一些看着是白色的实则是红色和蓝色的星星。这是一个定语从句，先行词是stars，连接词要用which。故选B。 112．考查动词及语境的理解。句意：但是科学家说天空上一定有一些我们从没看到过的事物。之前没看过，现在没看过，所以排除B、D，选项C时态搭配不对。故选A。 113．考查连词及语境的理解。句意：那就是为什么他们不可见了。A. when“当……时候”；B. how“如何”；C. because“因为”；D. so“所以”。结合语境，故选C。 114．考查代词及语境的理解。句意：你会发现很难想象星星是死的。It指代上文提到的dead stars，故选A。 115．考查动词及语境的理解。句意：太阳被确定似乎不会衰衰竭。Seem to do sth，故选A。 116．考查副词及语境的理解。句意：当气体用尽，星星停止燃烧便慢慢死去。A. around“周围”；B. off“走开”；C. away“离开，离去”；D. out“出去”。Run out“用完，耗尽”。故选D。 117．考查特殊疑问词及语境的理解。句意：多么惊人的宇宙啊！感叹句的表达方法：what a/an +单数可数名词+形容词+（主语+谓语)！what +形容词+可数名词复数+（主语+谓语) ！What +形容词+不可数名词+（主语+谓语)！ How +形容词+（主语+谓语)！故选B。 考点：科普类短文。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$