必修第三册 Unit 1 Nature in the Balance 第2课时（Word教师用书）-【创新方案】2025年高考英语一轮总复习（译林版2020）

第2课时——强化表达功·写作短板的专项补弱 1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句 (1)在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，关系代词一般用whom(先行词指人)或which(先行词指物)。 (2)“介词＋关系代词”可引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。在限制性定语从句中，介词放在关系代词之前时，关系代词不能省略；但若介词后置，则可用that代替which，用who代替whom，也可省略关系代词。 (3)介词的确定要遵循三点原则： ①根据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定； ②根据定语从句中动词或形容词所需的某种习惯搭配来确定； ③根据定语从句的意义来确定。 (4)某些在从句中充当时间、地点、原因等状语的“介词＋关系代词”结构可以同关系副词when, where, why互换。 |先|学|通|(通过题点训练把握用法规则)　 (单句语法填空) ①The colourless gas, without which we can't live, is called oxygen. ②This is the teacher from whom we've learnt a lot. ③He has visited the school for several times, in which he has many friends. |再|写|美|(通过句子仿写做到运用自如)　 ④感谢你的帮忙，没有你的帮助我们不可能按时完成工作。 Thank you for your help, without_which_we_could_not_have_finished_the_work_on_time. ⑤(2023·浙江1月高考写作)这是一次宝贵而充实的经历，从中我们学到了很多植物方面的知识。 It was a valuable and enriching experience, from_which_we_acquired_a_lot_of_knowledge_of_plants. 2．倍数表达法 倍数表达法的三个基本句型和四个特殊句型： (1)三个基本句型： ①倍数＋as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as； ②倍数＋形容词/副词的比较级＋than； ③倍数＋the＋度量名词(size, length, height, depth, weight, width ...)＋of (2)四个特殊句型： ①倍数＋as many/much＋名词＋as； ②倍数＋more＋名词＋than； ③倍数＋that/those of； ④倍数＋what从句 |先|学|通|(通过题点训练把握用法规则)　 (单句语法填空) ①There is four times as much water in this pot as in that one. ②There are five times more books in our library than in yours. ③In this workshop, the output of July was 4.5 times that of January. |再|写|美|(通过句子仿写做到运用自如)　 ④正在修建的新体育馆将是原来的三倍大。 →The new stadium being built will be three_times_the_size_of the previous one.(size) →The new stadium being built will be three_times_as_big_as the previous one.(as) →The new stadium being built will be three_times_bigger_than the previous one.(比较级＋than) 1．赏用词与写作手法之美 The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries, including Brazil and Peru, and one overseas region of France, all on the South American continent.With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres in length — roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River. 写法领悟：作者运用cross into代替常用的cover，以动态的效果呈现了亚马孙雨林的面积之广：覆盖了8个国家。随之又使用With an area of, in length等与具体的数字相结合，详细介绍了亚马孙雨林及亚马孙河。此处使用列数字的写作手法增加了表达的科学性、准确性。同时，作者还使用了对比手法，将亚马孙雨林与中国的国土面积相比较，将亚马孙河与中国的长江相对比，从而令读者对这二者的大小、长短有了更清晰、明确的认识。 2．赏用词与衔接之美 The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth's oxygen.Thus, it is often known as the “lungs of the planet”．Moreover, the Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine.Yet there is one major danger to these irreplaceable plants and animals: us. 写法领悟：第一句中的breathe一词运用得生动巧妙。该词的本义是“呼吸”，用在此处，以拟人化的手法将静止的雨林写出了动态的生机，同时也呼应下一句中的“lungs of the planet”。随后几句话中，作者运用thus(表因果), moreover(表递进), yet(表转折)三个词将四句话的逻辑关系有机地衔接起来，展现了自然顺畅的逻辑感与层次感。 3．赏句式与修辞之美 Over the past 50 years, about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming.As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer, we are left with a question: can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”？ 写法领悟：第一句中，作者使用了百分数作主语明确指出了人类活动对雨林造成的严重破坏，同时使用such as具体列举了危及雨林的人类活动。第二句中as引导的时间状语从句与比较级的搭配使用强调了这些人类活动正在持续不断地带来更严重的后果。最后一句中使用了反问句来结束文章，直击读者内心，引发读者对这一问题的反思，突出了本文的主旨。 [针对练笔]　(根据提示完成句子) ①The Yellow River crosses_into 9 provinces in China with_an_area_of about 752,443 km2, which is the mother river.Moreover,_it brings rich soil to the areas along its path. 黄河流经中国九省，是我们的母亲河，流域面积约为752 443平方千米。此外，它为途经地区带来了肥沃的土壤。 ②Whether through art, music, entertainment, or games, you have a gift of creative vision that breathes_new_life_into_situations. 无论是通过艺术、音乐、娱乐还是游戏，你都有天赋产生创造性观点，从而为当下环境注入新的生命活力。 本单元主题是“环境保护”，属于“人与自然”主题语境。近几年，高考针对此类主题命制读后续写时多侧重于人与动物方面，具体又可分为救助动物、动物助人、人与动物和谐相处等。通过这些主题的考查，旨在引导学生关注动物保护、认识到人与自然和谐相处的重要性，培养环保意识。　　 构建语义场 (一)野生动物现状 1．a significant number of jaguars　数量可观的美洲豹 2．the list of species in danger of extinction 濒危物种的名单 3．Human activities have brought many animals close to extinction.人类活动使许多动物濒临灭绝。 4．Hunting and fishing have had damaging effects on the world's animal populations. 狩猎和捕鱼对世界动物种群产生了破坏性影响。 5．When we build farms or factories, we destroy animal habitats and leave many animals with nowhere to live, or no food to eat. 当我们建造农场或工厂时，我们破坏了动物的栖息地，让许多动物没有地方住、没有食物吃。 (二)野生动物保护 1．take measures　　　　　 采取措施 2．make efforts 做出努力 3．protect animal habitats 保护动物栖息地 4．play a significant role 扮演着举足轻重的角色 5．maintain the fine balance of the Earth's ecosystem维系地球生态系统的微妙平衡 6．take care of/protect animals with these measures通过这些措施照顾/保护动物 7．Animals are very important to our world, and we must work together to protect them. 动物对我们的世界非常重要，我们必须共同努力保护它们。 8．We must try to do whatever we can to protect animals.我们必须竭尽全力保护动物。 (三)人与自然和谐共处 1．a huge sea of green 一片绿色的海洋 2．a treasure house of species 物种的宝库 3．alive with the sounds of animals 处处可闻各种动物的声音 4．home to different kinds of living things各种生物的家园 5．these irreplaceable plants and animals这些无可取代的动植物 6．Recent research by environmental scientists, however, shows that in fact, human beings have the greatest impact on animal populations. 然而，环境科学家最近的研究表明，事实上，人类对动物种群的影响最大。 平时勤练笔 写作任务——读后续写的片段训练 (一)语境片段训练(根据提示补全下列语段) 1．人与动物和谐相处(细心照顾松鼠→松鼠健康成长→建立亲密联系) Our daughters and I ①took_turns_in_taking_care_of (轮流照顾) the little squirrel.Kaytlin ②took_on_the_most_responsibility (承担了大部分责任)．She taught it to eat from a bottle, and she woke in the night for its feeds.To our relief, it soon ③became_healthy_and_strong (变得健康又强壮)．Within a few weeks it became more active. ④It_wasn't_long_before (不久之后) it was weaned onto solid food and reintroduced to the wild.Its first few visits to the great outdoors were funny.Just like a child, it would ⑤play_in_the_grass_some_time (在草丛中玩耍一会儿) and then run back to Kaytlin for safety. 2．救助动物(救治动物→治疗成功→心情愉悦) Harry ①took_immediate_measures (立即采取措施) to deal with its wound.②Calmly_and_skillfully (冷静而熟练地), Harry conducted an operation on Unicorn, and it seemed more obedient than before.Therefore, it didn't take much time for Harry to stop the bleeding ③as_an_experienced_rescuer (作为一名经验丰富的救援人员)．And after a while, Unicorn was able to stand up and walked away.Waving goodbye to it, ④they_felt_relieved (他们松了口气)．At this moment, ⑤the_whole_forest_woke_up (整个森林醒了过来), the moonlight fading while winds singing to welcome to the dawn. 3．动物救人(Danny落水→狗狗奋勇相救→成功脱险→充满感激) Just then, a familiar barking was heard in the distance.In a split second, a splash of brown, out of breath, ①quickly_jumped_into_the_lake (快速跳到湖里)．It was One－Eyed! It barked, ②swimming toward Danny with all its might (用尽全力朝着Danny游去)．On spotting One－Eyed, Danny seemed to see a ray of hope, ③attempting_to_move_towards_it_instantly (立刻试着朝它的方向移动)．Instinctively, Danny grabbed the tail of One－Eyed.Ultimately, ④they_managed_to_climb_ashore (他们成功爬上岸), exhausted.Gazing at One－Eyed with gratitude, Danny ⑤patted_it_tenderly (轻轻地拍了拍它)．One－Eyed was no longer troublesome; instead, it became a “hero” in his heart. (二)续写构思训练(根据提示构思、续写语段) 前情概述：“我”曾在家乡的森林中救了一只被困陷阱之中的狼，并在狼养伤期间一直在旁边照顾，几天之后，狼伤愈离开。离开之前，狼嗅了嗅“我”的手，并昂首长啸。不久后“我”离开家乡，去远方读书。三年后，“我”再回到家乡，重回森林中探索时，无意中模仿当时的狼啸声，竟听到了回声。 场景1：“我”听到回声后，接着喊了几声，结果又听到了回应。不久后，一只狼出现在“我”的前方。“我”认出了这正是当年自己救过的那只狼。 An echo (回声) came back across the distance. Again_I_called.This_time_followed_by_a_wolf_call_from_about_a_half－mile_away.Then,_far_off,_I_saw_a_dark_shape_moving_slowly_in_my_direction.As_it_approached_me,_I_could_see_it_was_the_wolf.An_unusual_feeling_spread_through_my_whole_body.I_knew_at_once_that_familiar_shape,_even_after_four_years.“Hello,_old_girl，”_I_called_gently.The_wolf_got_closer,_and_stopped_a_few_yards_off,_her_tail_swaying_slightly. 场景2：片刻后，狼离开了。后来“我”也离开了家乡，没再回去，但与狼相逢的这一记忆永远留在了“我”的心中。 Moments later, the wolf was gone. I_left_Kupreanof_Island_a_short_time_after_that,_and_I_never_saw_the_animal_again.But_the_memory_she_left_with_me_—_vivid_—_will_always_be_there,_a_reminder_that_there_are_things_in_nature_that_exist_outside_the_laws_and_understanding_of_man.We_can_only_accept_them_and_—_because_they're_with_an_air_of_mystery_and_strangeness_—_perhaps_treasure_them_all_the_time.I_feel_lucky_to_have_an_animal_friend. [课时作业评价]　　　　主题表达升格训练 Ⅰ.根据要求完成下列句子 1．(完成句子)You are probably well_enough_to_take_a_little_light_exercise.(enough) 你恢复得不错，大概可以做些轻微的运动了。 2．(完成句子)He gave me detailed instructions on how_to_get_there.(疑问词＋to do) 他详细地告诉我如何去那里。 3．(完成句子)As_Teachers'_Day_is_drawing_near,_we held a heated discussion on how to celebrate it.(as) 随着教师节的临近，我们就如何庆祝教师节进行了热烈的讨论。 4．(完成句子)I agree with you.It's our duty to_keep_and_spread_our_traditional_culture. 我同意你的看法。我们有责任保护和传播我们的传统文化。 5．(一句多译)违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很普遍，这给我们的生活和环境造成了严重的损害。 ①Breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, causing/doing_serious_harm_to_our_life_and_the_environment.(分词作状语，harm) ②Breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, which_is_very_harmful_to_our_life_and_the_environment.(定语从句，harmful) 6．A small village lies northeast of the province, where the famous writer was born. →Northeast_of_the_province_lies_a_small_village,_where the famous writer was born.(用倒装句升级) Ⅱ.语法填空 (2024·安阳模拟)According to the fifth Global Biodiversity Outlook report, biodiversity is declining __1__ an alarming rate.As the most biodiverse province in China, southwestern Yunnan is sharing __2__ (it) conservation strategy on the international stage. Seventeen years after the province first __3__ (introduce) the concept of Species with Extremely Small Populations (SESP), Yunnan showcased the achievements in conservation on Dec.16 at a side event of the 15th meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP15) to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity in Montreal, Canada. “We will forever lose the opportunity for future development that some species bring if they go extinction，” says Yang Hua, __4__ worker with the provincial forestry and grassland administration. SESP, __5__ (bring) forward by the province in 2005, was a concept to represent species __6__ were found to be restricted in their geographic distribution and showed weak population __7__ (grow)． Ever since then, the province's conservation efforts __8__ (help) the population of Asian elephants reach around 360, and that of black－and－white snub－nosed monkeys is now 3,800. Sun Weibang, director of the Kunming Botanical Garden, under the Kunming Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, __9__ (recent) said that, during a decade of continuous development, Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations (PSESP) was applied as a model __10__ (conserve) native plants in countries such as Italy, Russia, Mexico, and Iraq. 1．at　考查介词。at a/an ...rate意为“以……的速度/比率”，为固定搭配。 2．its　考查代词。修饰名词短语conservation strategy，应用形容词性物主代词its。 3．introduced　考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知，after后跟宾语从句，空处作宾语从句的谓语；主句谓语showcased提示此处应用过去时态，副词first后应用一般过去时态。 4．a/one　考查冠词/数词。此处a worker作“Yang Hua”的同位语，或者用one修饰，表示“一个”。 5．brought　考查非谓语动词。句子的谓语动词是“was”，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，且与其修饰的名词SESP构成动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式。 6．that/which　考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词species，指物，且从句缺少主语，故用关系代词that/which引导。 7．growth　考查名词。此处作动词showed的宾语，应用名词形式，且growth为不可数名词。 8．have helped　考查动词时态和主谓一致。由时间状语“Ever since then”可知，谓语动词用现在完成时；主语中心词efforts为复数，故填have helped。 9．recently　考查副词。修饰动词said应用副词形式，故填recently。 10．to conserve　考查非谓语动词。空处是非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词model；动词conserve和所修饰的名词model之间是同位关系，应用不定式作定语。 Ⅲ.应用文写作 (2024·重庆名校联盟联考)假定你是某国际学校学生李华，最近你校学生会发起了“绿色地球，从我做起”的主题活动，作为学生会成员，请你为该活动写一封倡议书。内容包括： 1．活动目的； 2．提出建议； 3．发出呼吁。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Dear students， 　 　 The Students' Union 参考范文： Dear students， With the aim of protecting the environment, we have launched an activity on the theme of “Building a green Earth starts from me”． Though it's an ambitious mission, some simple acts do make a difference.Firstly, you're supposed to save electricity by turning off the electric devices once you stop using them.Secondly, give away your old things such as textbooks that are still in good condition for reuse.Last but not least, you can sort out the garbage so that it can be dealt with more effectively. Every bit counts.Let's join hands and take immediate action from now on. The Students' Union 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$