必修第一册 Unit 1 Section Ⅰ 单元词汇的拓展与深化（Word教师用书）-【创新方案】2025年高考英语一轮总复习（北师大版2019）

Section Ⅰ　单元词汇的拓展与深化 Ⅰ.速记“简易”词汇 1．senior adj.　　　　　 较高的，高级的 2．campus n. 校园 3．chapter n. 一段时期；章节 4．am (ante meridiem) 午前，上午 5．shift n. 当班时间 6．plus adj. 有利的，好的 prep. 加 7．arise vi. (问题或困难)出现，发生 8．chat vi.& n. 闲谈，聊天 9．teen n. 少年，十几岁的孩子 10．laptop n. 笔记本电脑，便携式电脑 11．native n. 本地人 12．range n. 一系列；范围 13．media n. 新闻媒体，大众传播媒介 14．drag vt. 拖，拉 15．goal n. 目标，目的 16．target n. 目标 17．ahead adv. 在前面；向前 18．café n. 咖啡馆，小餐馆 19．expert n. 专家，行家 20．extent n. 程度 21．thus adv. 因此，因而，从而 22．seek vt. 寻求；请求 23．sort n. 种，类；类型 24．supply n. 供应，供给 25．flash vi.& vt. 闪现，闪过 n. 照相机闪光灯 26．besides prep. 除……之外 27．junior adj. 低年级的 28．gym n. 体育馆，健身房 29．moment n. 某一时刻 30．slide n. 幻灯片 31．rural adj. 农村的，乡村的，田园的 Ⅱ.勤回首“复杂”词汇 1．secondary adj. 中等教育；中等的；次要的 2．dynamic adj. 充满活力的；精力充沛的 3．schedule n. 日程表，计划表 4．apartment n. 公寓套房 5．leisure n. 空闲，闲暇，业余时间 6．lifestyle n. 生活方式 7．digital adj. 数字的，数码的 8．hardware n. (计算机)硬件 9．quality n. 质量，品质 10．meanwhile adv. 与此同时 11．downtown adv. 向/在城镇商业中心区 12．position n. 职位；位置 13．military n. 军队，武装力量 14．function vi. 运转，工作 n. 功能 15．feature vt. 以……为特色，是……的特征 16．province n. 省 17．certificate n. 合格证书 18．contact n. 联系，联络 vt. (写信，打电话)联系(某人) 19．charity n. 慈善机构，慈善团体 20．forward adv. 向前；进展 Ⅲ.辨清用准“形变”词汇 1．stress n．压力；忧虑；紧张vt.强调→stressful adj.充满压力的，紧张的→stressed adj.焦虑的 2．challenge n．挑战；具有挑战性的事物 vt.向……挑战→challenging adj.富有挑战性的→challenged adj.受到挑战的；残疾的，有伤的；有缺陷的→challenger n．挑战者 3．differ vi.不同，不一样，有区别→different adj.不同的→differently adv.不同地→difference n．区别；差异 4．previous adj.以前的，先前的→previously adv.先前；以前 5．expect vt.期望，期待；预料；认为→expectation n．期待；预料，预期→expected adj.预期的；预料的→unexpected adj.出乎意料的 6．confident adj.自信的，有信心的；确信的→confidence n．自信，信心；信赖→confidently adv.确信地；自信地，有信心地 7．competent adj.胜任的；有能力的→competence n．能力，胜任 8．press vt.按；压；逼迫 n．报刊→pressure n．压力 9．recover vi.恢复健康，康复→recovery n．恢复 10．injure vt.伤害，损害→injury n．伤，损害→injured adj.受伤的；受损害的 11．fortune n．运气；一大笔钱→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地→unfortunate adj.不幸的；令人遗憾的→unfortunately adv.不幸地；令人遗憾地 12．surf vi.& vt.冲浪→surfer n．冲浪者→surfing n．冲浪运动 13．volunteer vi.& vt.自愿；志愿 n．志愿者→voluntary adj.志愿的；服务的；自愿的→voluntarily adv.自愿地，志愿地；自动地 14．engine n．引擎，发动机→engineer n．工程师 v．设计；建造→engineering n．工程；工程学 15．definite adj.肯定的；清楚的→definitely adv.确切地，肯定地→definition n．定义；清晰度 16．vary v．变化；不同→various adj.各种各样的；多种(类型)的→variety n．多样性 17．necessary adj.必要的→necessity n．必需品→necessarily adv.必然地→unnecessary adj.不必要的 18．convenient adj.方便的，便利的；方便到达的→conveniently adv.便利地→convenience n．便利→inconvenient adj.不方便的→inconvenience n．不便；麻烦 19．addict n．对……着迷的人 v．使上瘾，使沉迷→addiction n．入迷→addicted adj.上瘾的；对……入迷的→addictive adj.使人上瘾的 20．actual adj.真实的；实际的→actually adv.实际上，事实上 21．aim n．目的，意图 vi.力求达到→aimless adj.没有方向的→aimlessly adv.漫无目的地 22．update vt.更新→updated adj.最新的；适时的 23．distant adj.遥远的；不同的；冷淡的→distance n．距离，间距→distantly adv.远离地；疏远地 24．revise vi.& vt.复习→revision n．复习；修订→reviser n．修订者→revised adj.改进的 25．say vt.说；讲；说明；表明；写道；说道→saying n．格言，谚语 26．suffer vi.& vt.遭受(痛苦)→suffering n．痛苦；磨难→sufferer n．受苦者 27．reduce vt.减少；降低；缩小→reduction n．减少；下降；缩小 28．frank adj.坦率的，坦诚的→frankly adv.坦率地；坦诚地 29．edit vt.编辑；编纂→editor n．编辑，主编→edition n．版本 30．remove vt.移走；去掉→removal n．移走；去掉 31．entire adj.完全的，彻底的→entirely adv.完全地，彻底地 32．absolute adj.绝对的；完全的→absolutely adv.正是，当然 33．tense adj.紧张的；紧的→tension n．紧张 34．organise vt.组织，筹划→organisation n．组织，团体，机构→organiser n．组织者→organised adj.有组织的；系统的 35．profession n．行业；职业→professional adj.专业的，职业的n.专业人员 36．type n．类型；种类；品种→typical adj.平常的，一贯的；典型的→typically adv.典型地；一贯地，平常地 37．graduate vi.毕业 n．毕业生→graduation n．毕业；毕业仪式 38．inspire vt.鼓励；激励→inspiring adj.令人鼓舞的→inspired adj.受到鼓舞的→inspiration n．激励，鼓舞；给人以灵感的人/物；灵感 39．apply vi.申请，请求 vt.申请；涂抹；应用→applicant n．申请者→application n．申请；应用→applied adj.应用的 40．eager adj.热切的；渴望的→eagerly adv.热切地；渴望地→eagerness n．热切；期待 41．depend vi.依赖→dependence n．依赖；依靠→ dependent adj.依赖的→dependently adv.依赖地→independent adj.不依赖的；自主的→independently adv.独立地，自立地→independence n．自主；不依赖 42．power n．电，电力；力量→powerful adj.有影响力的；有权势的；强有力的→powerless adj.无影响力的；无权的 43．stable adj.稳定的→stability n．稳定，可靠→unstable adj.不稳定的 44．dust n．灰尘；灰→dusty adj.布满灰尘的 45．mud n．泥土→muddy adj.泥泞的，多泥的 46．tough adj.困难的，难办的→toughly adv.坚强地；固执地→toughness n．艰苦 47．responsible adj.负责的；有责任心的→responsibly adv.负责地→responsibility n．负责；责任→irresponsible adj.不负责任的 48．attract vt.吸引→attraction n．吸引；吸引力→attractive adj.有吸引力的；好看的，美观的 49．laugh vi.大笑→laughter n．笑；笑声 50．contribute vt.贡献；捐献→contribution n．贡献；捐款→contributor n．贡献者 51．intend vt.计划，打算，想要→intention n．目的 52．formal adj.正式的，官方的→formally adv.正式地，官方地→informal adj.非正式的→informally adv.非正式地 53．adapt vi.&vt.(使)适应；改编→adaptation n．适应；改编；改编本→adaptable adj.可适应的 54．present vt.提出；赠送；呈现 n．礼物；现在 adj.出席的，在场的→presentation n．报告；陈述，说明 55．digest vt.消化；理解 n．摘要→digestion n．消化 56．recreate vi.娱乐；消遣 vt.再创造；使得到娱乐/消遣→recreation n．娱乐，消遣→recreational adj.娱乐的，消遣的 57．entertain vt.娱乐；使有兴趣；招待→entertainment n．娱乐→entertaining adj.有趣的；娱乐的 Ⅳ.特别警惕“易误解”词汇(熟词生义/词性活用) 1．senior adj.较高的，高级的→n.较年长的人 2．plus prep.加→adj.有利的，好的 3．shift n．(工厂、医院等轮班制的)当班时间→v.轮班；转移；变换；改变 4．quality n．质量，品质→adj.优质的 5．contribution n．贡献；捐款→n.投稿 6．certificate n．合格证书→vt.认可；批准 7．graduate vi.毕业→n.毕业生 Ⅴ.识记默写“高频”词块 1．all_in_all　 　　　　　 　 总而言之，总的来说 2．from_time_to_time 有时；偶尔；间或 3．according_to 按……所说，根据 4．in_person 亲自 5．tend_to_do_sth. 易于做某事 6．get_ahead 取得进步，获得成功 7．such_as/for_example 例如 8．chat_with 和……聊天 9．do_well_in 在……方面做得好 10．suffer_from 遭受……(痛苦) 11．to_be_frank 坦白说，坦率地说 12．due_to 因为 13．in_other_words 换句话说 14．graduate_from 从……毕业 15．all_sorts_of 各种各样的 16．give_up 放弃 17．deal_with 对付，应付，处理 18．be_responsible_for 对……负责 19．as_well_as ……以及…… 20．live_up_to 达到，符合，不辜负 21．adapt_to_sth. 适应某事 22．at_the_moment 此刻，目前，眼下 23．look_forward_to_(doing)_sth. 期待，盼望 24．set_up 建立 25．come_up_with 提出；想出 Ⅵ.拓展串记“族群”词汇 1．“情绪”体验多表达　 ①eager 渴望的 ②confident 自信的 ③excited 兴奋的 ④ashamed 羞愧的 ⑤confused 迷惑的 ⑥desperate 绝望的 ⑦frightened 害怕的 2．“困难”面前显担当　 ①tough adj. 困难的，难办的 ②difficult adj. 困难的；难对付的 ③hard adj. 困难的；艰苦的 ④challenging adj. 富有挑战性的 ⑤tricky adj. 难对付的，棘手的 ⑥troublesome adj. 令人烦恼的；困难的 3．不定式作插入语　 ①to be frank　　　　　　　　　 坦白说，坦率地说 ②to be exact 准确/确切地说 ③to begin/start with 首先 ④to sum up 总之 ⑤to be brief 简言之 ⑥to make things/matters worse 更糟的是 ⑦to be honest/to tell the truth 说实话 1．differ vi.不同，不一样，有区别 |助|表|达|　 (续写之神态描写)The way she smiled differed from anyone else, as her eyes sparkled with joy and her laughter filled the room, making me feel warm and loved. 她微笑的方式与其他人不同，她的眼睛闪烁着喜悦，她的笑声充满了房间，让我感受到温暖和被爱。 |精|归|纳|　 (1)differ in　　 　　　　 在……方面不同 differ from 不同于……，和……不同 differ with sb. 与某人意见不同 (2)different adj. 不同的，有差异的 be different in 在某方面不同 be different from 不同于，与……不同 (3)difference n. 不同，差异 make a difference 有影响，有关系 make no difference 没有影响/关系；没作用 tell the difference between A and B 指出A与B的不同 (4)differently adv. 不同地 |应|用|通|　 (1)单句语法填空/完成句子 ①First of all, do what we can to make a difference. ②The words “right” and “write” are spelt differently (differ) but they are pronounced the same. ③There is no denying that even twins may differ from each other in character. ④Every individual can make_a_difference_to_environmental_protection and let's bring a brighter future for the planet! 每个人都可以对环境保护产生影响，让我们为地球带来更光明的未来！ (2)一句多译 令我们惊讶的是，他的性格与他哥哥完全不同。 ⑤To our surprise, he totally differs_from_his_brother_in_character.(differ) ⑥To our surprise, he is_totally_different_from_his_brother_in_character.(different) 2．confidence n．自信，信心；信赖 |助|表|达|　 (续写之动作描写)Breathing deeply, I calmed down and walked onstage with confidence. 我深呼吸，平静下来，满怀信心地走上舞台。 |精|归|纳|　 (1)have confidence in　　　　　 对……有信心 with great confidence 很有信心地 in confidence 秘密地 (2)confident adj. 自信的，有把握的 be confident of/about sth. 对……有把握 be confident that ... 对某事有信心 (3)confidently adv. 自信地 |应|用|通|　 (1)单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Refused as I was, I still received some great encouragement, which gave me confidence (confident) to be a writer. ②With our study, we think we can now confidently (confident) conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human facial expressions. ③From now on, I am a young adult and I'm_confident_that_the_future_is_bright in front of me. 从现在开始，我是一个成年人了，我相信我的未来是光明的。 (2)一句多译 随着我们国家的发展，我们对自己的文化更有信心了。 ④With the development of our country, we have_more_confidence_in our own culture.(confidence) ⑤With the development of our country, we are_more_confident_about/of our own culture.(confident) 3.recover vi.& vt.恢复健康，康复；找回；挽回，弥补 |助|表|达|　 (续写之神态描写)She recovered from her surprise, and answered calmly. 她从惊慌中恢复过来，并且镇静地给出了回答。 |精|归|纳|　 (1)recover oneself　 恢复正常；镇静下来 recover from 从……恢复，痊愈；从……收回 recover sth. 恢复/找回/挽回/弥补某物 (2)recovery n. 恢复，还原；痊愈 make a recovery (from)　 (从……)恢复，痊愈 |应|用|通|(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ①We had a woman patient who was recovering from a knee replacement operation. ②On her day of discharge, we shared in her delight at her recovery (recover)． ③He recovered himself (he) after a slip on the ice. ④Fortunately, it only took him a week to_recover_from_his_injury and went back to his work. 幸运的是，他只花了一周就从受伤中康复了并且又回到了他的工作中。 ⑤You should make full use of your time to recover_the_lost_time. 你应该充分利用你的时间来弥补失去的时间。 4．arise vi.(问题或困难)出现，发生；(由……)引起，产生；起床；起身 |助|表|达|　 (续写之动作描写)Seeing his mother return home, the boy arose from his chair immediately. 看到母亲回家，男孩立刻从椅子上站了起来。 |先|体|验|　 (1)单句语法填空 ①Many difficulties all over the world arise from the water shortage. ②Problems arose out of the lack of communication. (2)用所给词的适当形式补全语段 As we all know, the problems between parents and children ③arise_ (arise) from lack of communication. As Tom ④was_raised (raise) by his grandparents, Tom couldn't get along well with his mother. His mother ⑤arose (arise) the moment the sun ⑥rose (rise) in the east. She worked hard day and night to support the family. As a result, she was badly ill, which ⑦aroused (arouse) Tom eventually. |再|归|纳|　 (1)arise from/out of　　　　 由……产生；起因于 arise from one's seat 从座位上站起来 if/when the need arises 如果/当有需要 (2)arise为不及物动词，表示“出现，发生”时，主语一般为matter, difficulty, problem, quarrel, trouble等抽象名词，不用于被动语态。 易混辨析：arise/arouse/rise/raise 原形 词性、词义 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 arise vi.出现；发生；引起(产生)；起身；起床 arose arisen arising arouse vt.唤醒；激起 aroused aroused arousing rise vi.升起；起身；增长；上升 rose risen rising raise vt.举起；抚养；提高；饲养 raised raised raising 5．range n．一系列；范围；等级；类别，种类；幅度；界限；山脉；射程v. 变动，变化；排列 |助|表|达|　 (话题写作之节日介绍)During the festival, a wide range of activities will be held to help students learn about traditional Chinese culture. 在节日期间，将举行各种各样的活动，以帮助学生了解中国传统文化。 |辨|析|清|(写出下列句中range的词性及含义) ①It's difficult to find a house in our price range.n.变化范围 ②We want to climb the great mountain range of the Alps.n.山脉 ③The hunter failed to shoot the target as it was beyond range of his gun.n.射程 ④Cups and plates were neatly ranged on her shelves.v.排列 ⑤There is a wide range of activities for children in our club.n.类别，种类 ⑥It came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different grades of gratitude.n.一系列 |精|归|纳|　 (1)a wide range of　　　 大量的，许多；各种各样的 within/in range of　　　　 在……范围内 beyond/out of one's range 某人能力达不到的 (2)range from ... to ... 在……范围内变动 range between ... and ... 在……和……之间变动 名师指津：range作动词表示“(在一定范围内)变动，变化”时为不及物动词，一般只用主动形式，其非谓语动词形式用ranging。 |应|用|通|　 (1)单句语法填空/完成句子 ⑦We are surprised to find that few see everything that is within/in the range of their vision. ⑧You can find quite a lot of toys, whose prices range between ￡6 and ￡100. ⑨To the sadness of the boy, two hundred dollars was needed to buy the gift for his mother, which was beyond_his_range. 令男孩难过的是，给他的母亲买礼物需要200美元，这超出了他的(承受)范围。 ⑩A_wide_range_of_ways can be used to help relieve pressure, including reading, enjoying music and playing sports. 各种各样的方式可以用来帮助缓解压力，包括阅读、欣赏音乐和进行体育运动。 (2)句式升级 ⑪He has a number of interests, which range from playing chess to swimming.(用非谓语动词作定语) →He has a number of interests ranging_from_playing_chess_to_swimming. 6．convenient adj.方便的，便利的 |助|表|达|　 (话题写作之网络科技)The Internet makes it more convenient for us to learn and get information. 互联网使得我们学习和获取信息更加便利了。 |精|归|纳|　 (1)It is convenient for sb.to do sth.　　　　 某人方便做某事 (2)convenience n. 方便，便利 for convenience 为方便起见 for one's convenience＝for the convenience of sb. 为了某人方便 at one's convenience 在某人方便的时候 (3)conveniently adv. 方便地 inconvenient adj. 不方便的 inconvenience n. 不方便 名师指津：convenient常用作定语和表语，用作表语时，不能用表示人的词作主语，但可以用it作形式主语，常用“It is convenient for sb.to do sth.”句式。类似用法的形容词还有important, necessary, possible, probable等。 |应|用|通|(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ①For consumers' convenience (convenient), many sellers offer to mail goods for free. ②It allows me to learn English more conveniently (convenient) and more efficiently. ③He was asked to make an appointment at his convenience. ④For_convenience,_the mother prepared dinner in advance and put it in the fridge so that her kids could have it even if she was not at home. 为了方便起见，母亲提前准备好了晚餐，并把它放在冰箱里，这样即使她不在家，她的孩子们也可以吃晚饭。 ⑤(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)If it_is_convenient_for_you_to_attend the school radio show next Sunday, you can center the topic on the development of English idioms.I would appreciate it if you could reply to me at_your_earliest_convenience. 如果对你来说参加下周日的校广播节目很方便，你可以将话题聚焦于英语习语的发展。如果你能尽早回复我，我将不胜感激。 7.addict n．对……着迷的人 vt.使沉溺；使上瘾 |助|表|达|　 (应用文之邀请信)Learning that you are addicted to table tennis, I am writing to sincerely invite you to join the table tennis team in our school. 了解到你对乒乓球很着迷，我写信是想诚挚地邀请你参加我们学校的乒乓球队。 |精|归|纳|　 (1)addict oneself to (doing) sth. (使)某人沉溺于(做)某事 (2)addicted adj. 入了迷的；上了瘾的 be/get addicted to (doing) sth. 沉溺于(做)某事 (3)addictive adj. 使人上瘾的 addiction n. 上瘾；沉溺；嗜好 名师指津：addict, addicted, addiction等在表示“沉迷于/热衷于……”时，都和介词to连用，后接名词、代词或v.-ing形式。 |应|用|通|(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ①Parents must represent to their children the risk of getting addicted (addict) to the Internet. ②I took up skiing a couple of years ago and I find it quite addictive (addict)． ③She tried every means to help him fight his Internet addiction (addict) and they succeeded at last. ④The young generation should addict_themselves_to_science and make use of technology to protect the environment. 年轻的一代应该酷爱科学，利用科技来保护环境。 ⑤I am_addicted_to_watching some interesting English films on the Internet, which helps to improve my listening and speaking skills. 我热衷于在网上看一些有趣的英语电影，这有助于提高我的听说技能。 8．aim n．目的，意图；瞄准vi.& vt.力求达到；瞄准；对准；针对；旨在 |助|表|达|　 (话题写作之活动介绍)The annual campus book fair aims to provide a platform where students can have a chance to exchange and make use of their books.一年一度的校园书展旨在为学生提供一个可以交流和利用书籍的平台。 |精|归|纳|　 (1)take aim at　　　　　 向……瞄准 achieve one's aim 达到某人的目的 with the aim of　　　 意欲/旨在…… (2)aim to do sth. 意欲/企图/旨在做某事 旨在做某事 aim at 针对；瞄准；目的在于 aim sth.at sb./sth. 使某物朝向/瞄准某人或某物 (3)aimless adj. 没有目标的；漫无目的的 aimlessly adv. 漫无目的地 名师指津：(1)aim at 既可表示动作，又可表示状态，其主语可以是人或物；be aimed at只表示状态，主语为物。(2)当主语是以aim为中心的名词结构时，动词常用不定式形式作表语。 |应|用|通|　 (1)单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The program aims to_help (help) students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. ②Students visited the nursing home with the aim of helping the old live a happier life. ③The boy walked aimlessly (aim) in the garden with nothing to do. ④Inspired by the story, the boy is determined to bury himself in his study to achieve_his_aim. 受到这个故事的启发，这个男孩决心专心学习，以实现自己的目标。 (2)一句多译 (2023·浙江1月高考写作)上周末，我参加了一个由学生会举办的活动，旨在教我们更多的日常生物学知识。 ⑤Last weekend, I took part in an event held by the Students' Union, which_is_aimed_at_teaching_us_more_about_daily_biology.(定语从句) ⑥Last weekend, I took part in an event held by the Students' Union, aimed_at_teaching_us_more_about_daily_biology.(用过去分词短语作定语) 9．suffer vi.& vt.遭受(痛苦) |助|表|达|　 (续写之人物描写)As time went by, he suffered more and more, but he didn't give up helping the children learn to write. 随着时间的推移，他遭受的痛苦越来越多，但他并没有放弃帮助孩子们学习写作。 |精|归|纳|　 (1)suffer loss/pain/damage/defeat/hardship 遭受损失/痛苦/破坏/失败/苦难 suffer from (身体或精神上)遭受……(痛苦) (2)sufferer n. 受苦者；受难者 suffering n. 痛苦；苦难；折磨 名师指津：(1)suffer 用作及物动词，表示“遭受，蒙受”，其后常接pain, loss, defeat, poverty, hunger, punishment, hardship, damage等名词作宾语； (2)suffer用作不及物动词，其后常接from，表示“受……之苦；患……病”。 |应|用|通|(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ①Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from blindness for lack of proper treatment. ②The civil war brought great sufferings (suffer) to tens of thousands of people. ③To our delight, the sufferer (suffer) has decided to give up smoking. ④There is no denying that our earth is_suffering_severe_damage. 不可否认，我们的地球正遭受着严重的破坏。 ⑤I began to suffer_from_headaches,_which left me feeling upset and nervous. 我开始感到头痛，这使我感到不安和紧张。 10．reduce vt.减少；降低；缩小；使落魄，迫使 |助|表|达|　 (应用文之倡议书)We all need to look for effective ways to reduce our carbon footprint as the earth is the home of us humans. 我们都需要寻找减少我们碳足迹的有效办法，因为地球是我们人类的家园。 |精|归|纳|　 (1)reduce (...) to (把……)减少到(表示增减的结果) reduce (...) by (把……)减少了(表示增减的幅度) reduce oneself to/into ...　 陷入…… be reduced to (doing) sth. 沦落为/到(做)…… (2)reduction n． 减少；降低；削减，缩减；减价 reduction in 在……上减少/降低 |应|用|通|(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ①With great effort, she has reduced her weight by three kilograms in the past 7 days. ②It was raining hard so the driver had to reduce speed to forty kilometres per hour. ③Statistics show a 20% reduction (reduce) in sales compared with last year. ④When he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding the mountain tops, he was_reduced_to_tears.当他看到雾气从河上升起，柔和的云彩在山顶环绕时，他不禁流下了眼泪。 ⑤Our school held some activities to help us students reduce_stress in our study and life. 我们学校举办了一些活动来帮助我们学生减轻学习和生活中的压力。 11．apply vi.申请；请求；适用于；有效 vt.涂；敷；搽；应用；运用 |助|表|达|　 (应用文之申请信)Hearing you are hosting a Chinese painting exhibition, I attempt to apply to be a volunteer for the event.得知你们要举办中国画展览，我想申请成为这次活动的志愿者。 |精|归|纳|　 (1)apply ... to ...　　　 把……运用到……中； 把……涂到……上 apply to ... 适应……；适用于…… apply (to ...) for ... (向……)申请…… apply to do sth. 申请做某事 apply oneself to 集中精力于，专心于 (2)application n. 申请；申请书；应用 applicant n. 申请者 applied adj. 应用的 applicable adj. 适当的；可应用的；适用的 |应|用|通|(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ①I'm writing to apply for the position advertised in the newspaper. ②The company decides to make some new rules which apply to new workers. ③Over the years, he has applied himself to improving (improve) the living conditions of the migrant workers. ④I'd appreciate it if you could take_my_application_into_account. 如果您能考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。 ⑤We decide to apply_what_we_have_learned_to our study and life.我们决定把所学到的东西应用到我们的学习和生活中。 ⑥She fetched some creams, applied_them_to_the_skin with care and rushed to work.她取来一些乳霜，小心翼翼地涂在皮肤上，然后匆忙赶去上班了。 12．intend vt.计划，打算，想要 |助|表|达|　 (应用文之邀请信)I am writing to invite you to take part in the activity which is intended to improve the students' understanding of Chinese paintings. 我写信是为了邀请你们参加这次活动，本次活动旨在提高学生对中国画的了解。 |精|归|纳|　 (1)intend to do/doing sth.　 打算做某事 intend sb.to do sth. 打算让某人做某事 intend that ... 打算…… had intended to do sth.＝intended to have done sth.本来打算做某事(但实际未做) (2)be intended for ... 专为……而设计的 be intended as 被用作…… be intended to do sth. 专为做某事而设计的 (3)intention n. 目的；意图；打算 with the intention of 打算…… have no intention of doing sth.　 无意做某事 名师指津：(1)hope, wish, mean, expect, plan, want, attempt等词语也常用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算，意为“本打算/希望做而未做”。 (2)intend后接that从句时，从句中谓语动词常用虚拟语气“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。 |应|用|通|(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ①The GPNP is intended to_provide (provide) stronger protection for all the species that live within the Giant Panda Range. ②At the moment the government intends to_build/building (build) a junior middle school for the disabled children. ③This program was set up with the intention (intend) of providing help for homeless people. ④The traditional Chinese dress, which is_intended_for the grand ceremonies, shows due respect for the guests. 传统的中国服装专为盛大的仪式设计，表示对客人应有的尊重。 ⑤They had_intended_to_live/intended_to_have_lived in the city, but they finally settled down in the countryside. 他们本来打算住在城里，但最终在农村定居下来。 13．adapt vi.&vt.(使)适应；改编；改写 |助|表|达|　 (应用文之求助信)I wonder if you could offer me some advice on how to adapt myself to the new life here.我想知道你能否给我一些如何适应这里的新生活的建议。 |精|归|纳|　 (1)adapt (...) to ...　　　 (使……)适应于…… adapt ... from ... 根据……改编…… adapt ... for ... 将……改编成…… (2)adaptation n. 适应；改编；改写本 make a quick adaptation to ...　 很快适应…… (3)adaptable adj. 能适应的；可修改的 名师指津：(1)adapt to 中的to 为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词形式。(2)形近词adopt表示“采纳(意见、计划、方法等)；采用；收养”等。 |应|用|通|　 (1)单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I firmly believe that with your generous help I will adapt to the college life as soon as possible. ②People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living (live) at high altitudes. ③It's thought that one's anxiety often occurs as a result of his unsuccessful adaptation (adapt) to the new surroundings. ④Mr Smith inspired us to adapt_familiar_folk_tales_for_English_plays and presented them in class. 史密斯老师启发我们将(我们)熟悉的民间故事改编成英语戏剧，并在课堂上展示。 (2)一句多译 我写信请求您就我们的英语短剧给予我们帮助，该短剧是根据我们的英语课文改编的。 ⑤I am writing to ask you to help us with our English short play which_is_adapted_from_our_English_text.(which引导的定语从句) ⑥I am writing to ask you to help us with our English short play adapted_from_our_English_text.(过去分词短语作后置定语) 14．all in all总而言之，总的来说 |巧|串|记|　 Li Ming had been dreaming of climbing Mount Qomolangma all the time. All of a sudden, he received an invitation to join a scientific exploration team to Mount Qomolangma, which had 30 members in all. So he accepted it all at once. First of all, he had to prepare for it carefully, as it was his dream after all. Above all, he must make sure he got everything he needed ready before the trip, and he didn't mind the cost at all. All in all, everything was all right and they set off. 李明一直梦想着攀登珠穆朗玛峰。突然，他收到了加入珠穆朗玛峰科考队的邀请，该小组共有30名成员。于是他立刻接受了邀请。首先，他必须仔细地做好准备，因为这毕竟是他的梦想。最重要的是，他必须确保在旅行前准备好他需要的一切，而且他一点也不在意费用。总之，一切进展顺利，他们就出发了。 |精|归|纳|　 after all　　　　　　　 毕竟，终究，别忘了 first of all 首先(强调顺序) in all 总共 at all 到底，根本 above all 最重要的是(强调重要性) all the time 始终，一直 all of a sudden 突然，冷不防 all right 行，可以 all at once 立刻，马上 |应|用|通|(用all短语填空)　 ①In_all,_there are 90 universities for us to choose from. ②It isn't your fault. After_all,_nobody knew exactly what he would do next. ③All_in_all,_I sincerely hope that Youth can make new progress. ④All_of_a_sudden,_a cat jumped in front of him out of nowhere, making him frightened. ⑤Tim was wild with excitement to know that he had a chance to go on the trip he had been dreaming of all_the_time. 15．get ahead取得进步，获得成功 |巧|串|记|　 Wang Hua often looks ahead and hopes to get ahead at school. Her parents and teachers encourage her to push ahead her abilities and make plans for her future ahead of time. She always thinks ahead and tries her best, so she is ahead of her classmates in studies and other aspects. And she will go ahead and make further progress. 王华经常展望未来，希望在学校取得进步。她的父母和老师鼓励她提升自己的能力，并提前为自己的未来制订计划。她总是超前考虑并尽自己最大努力，所以她在学习和其他方面领先于班上的同学。她将会继续前进，并取得进一步的进展。 |精|归|纳|　 go ahead　　　　　　　　 前进；进行 ahead of 在……前面；优于 ahead of time/schedule 提前；提早 look ahead 展望未来；为未来设想 push ahead 向前推进 think ahead 事先考虑；预见 |应|用|通|(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ①The highway stretched out ahead of me until it narrowed to a vanishing point some miles away. ②The boys overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead_of_time/schedule. 男孩们克服了所有的困难，提前两个月完成了这个项目。 ③Henry realized that getting_ahead_at_work was the most important thing for him at the moment. 亨利意识到在工作中取得进步对他来说是目前最重要的事情。 16.from time to time有时；偶尔；间或 |巧|串|记|　 My brother likes taking a book to read at any time and at no time can you see him without a book in hand. He goes to bookstores from time to time and at times he may buy 20 books at a time. At one time, he was so ill that he didn't read for the first time. When he got well, he returned to his routine in no time. At the same time, he often encourages me to read more and set a time to read on time every day. Whenever I have difficulty in reading, he will offer me help in time. 我哥哥喜欢随时带着书读，你决不会看到他手里没有书。他时不时地去书店，有时可能一次买20本书。有一次，他病得很厉害，甚至这是他第一次不读书。当他康复后，他立刻就恢复了他的生活常规。与此同时，他经常鼓励我多阅读，每天设定时间按时阅读。每当我阅读有困难时，他都会及时给我提供帮助。 |精|归|纳|　 at a time　 　 　　 一次，每次 at one time 曾经，一度 at any time 随时，任何时候 at no time 决不(位于句首时句子要倒装) in no time 立刻，马上 at times 有时 at the same time 同时 in time 及时 for the first time 第一次，首次 |应|用|通|　 (1)单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class. ②In particular, he was very patient though at times I had no way to solve some difficult maths problems. ③Luckily, the girl arrived at the station just in time to catch the train. ④They met in the theatre for the first time only to find they had a lot in common. ⑤We should remember that only if we settle problems in_time can we keep confident at_any_time.我们应该记住，只有及时解决问题，我们才能随时保持自信。 (2)句式升级 ⑥We are aware that we should not give in to the difficulty at any time.(改为倒装句) →We are aware that at no time should_we_give_in to the difficulty. 17．deal with对付，应付，处理；涉及；论述；与……打交道；与……做生意 |助|表|达|　 (续写之细节描写)Mrs Brown noticed a little boy was too shy to deal with his classmates well and always stayed in the corner alone, so she decided to help him.布朗老师注意到一个小男孩太害羞了，不能很好地与同学打交道，而且他总是独自待在角落里，所以她决定帮助他。 |辨|析|清|(写出下列句中deal with的含义) ①Only a few choose to deal with the problems on their own.处理 ②I must have always known reading was very important because the first memories I had as a child dealt with books.涉及 ③We like to deal with that company, for their products are of high quality.与……做生意 ④His work experience equipped him to deal with all kinds of people.与……打交道 |精|归|纳|　 deal n．　　　　　　　 协定；交易；大量 v. 应付；分配；处理；交易；经营 deal in 经营 make a deal 成交；达成交易 a great deal of 大量(后接不可数名词) It's a deal. 就这么办/就这么定了。 名师指津：deal with与 do with都可表示“处理”；表示“如何处理某事时”，deal with常与how搭配，do with常与what搭配。 |应|用|通|(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ⑤The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. ⑥The company deals in tea and has branches all over the world. ⑦A great deal of energy has_been_used (use) so far to produce what we need in our daily life. ⑧(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)Now, when having trouble in learning English, plenty of students desire to know how_to_deal_with/what_to_do_with_it. 现在，当他们在学习英语方面遇到困难时，很多学生都很想知道如何应对。 18．as well as ……以及……；和……一样好 |助|表|达|　 (续写之场景描写)The naughty baby liked crawling on the carpet, casting his toys as well as rubbish everywhere, and made the whole room in disorder. 这个淘气的婴儿喜欢在地毯上爬，将玩具和垃圾扔得到处都是，把整个房间弄得乱七八糟。 |精|归|纳|　 (1)as well as可以用来连接两个相同的成分，强调的重点在前面；放在句首时，后面的动词多用v.-ing形式。 (2)A as well as B作主语时，谓语动词的单复数随A的人称和数的变化而变化。 (3)as well　　　　　　 也；又； 还(常位于句末，无须用逗号与句子分开) may/might as well 还是……为好；不妨……(后接动词原形) |应|用|通|(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ①Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. ②Now that we are travelling across the country, we may as well buy (buy) some gifts for the children. ③Tom as well as his friends was (be) present at the concert yesterday. ④You may/might_as_well_take_part_in the English Corner to practise your spoken English. 你不妨参加英语角练习英语口语。 ⑤Overwhelmed by pride_as_well_as_excitement at the news the teacher told me, I simply stood there dumbfounded. 听到老师告诉我的消息，我既自豪又兴奋，目瞪口呆地站在那里。 (运用本单元知识完成下列语段) 主题语境(1)——职业选择 Before ①graduating/graduation (graduate) from university, ②it_is_typical_of_students_to_look_for_jobs (学生通常会找工作； typical). There are many (用本单元词汇替换黑体词：③a_wide_range_of) job choices for them. Some of them think about their interests ④as_well_as_stress/pressure_levels (以及压力水平) while others pay more attention to ⑤the_quality_of_life_and_professional_competence (生活质量和专业能力)． Fortunately, many courses ⑥are_intended (intend) to help students ⑦apply_for_positions (申请职位), and they ⑧have_confidence_in_their_future (对他们的未来有信心) even if difficult problems may ⑨arise_from_time_to_time (会时不时出现). They will try their best to ⑩achieve_their_aims/goals (实现他们的目标)． 主题语境(2)——空闲时间 The ways to spend leisure time ①differ_from_person_to_person (因人而异). Some people like ②surfing_the_Internet (网上冲浪) as there are ③various (vary) interesting things online. For example, to make progress (用本单元词汇替换黑体词：④get_ahead), some people are eager ⑤to_learn (learn)．They find it ⑥convenient_to_get_the_learning_materials (获得学习材料很方便) they need online. Others ⑦tend_to_read_books (往往读书；tend) or travel to enrich their life. ⑧All_in_all (总而言之), everyone should be responsible ⑨for their own life and future. They should try to ⑩make_contributions_to_society (为社会做出贡献) while they are studying or working. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$