专题09 环境与生态保护 - 2025年高考英语热点话题阅读&时文阅读

专题09 环境与生态保护（解析版） 【材料来源：BBC Jun. 20, 2024】 Inside India's first heat stroke emergency In one of the largest hospitals in India's capital, Delhi, a physician says he has never seen anything like this before."This is an unprecedented heatwave. In my 13 years of working here, I don't remember signing a death certificate for heat stroke. This year, I've signed several," says Ajay Chauhan of the Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital (RMLH). Delhi has been reeling under a prolonged heatwave, with daily temperatures crossing 40°C since May, peaking at nearly 50°C. Humidity and hot winds exacerbate the heat,compounded by water shortages and power outages due to soaring demand. A heat stroke, the most severe heat illness, is identified by three key signs: exposure to high heat and humidity, a core body temperature of 40.5°C or higher, and mental changes like mild confusion or impaired consciousness. At the RMLH clinic, possibly the first of its kind in India, the effort to save heat stroke patients underscores the challenge posed by rapid climate and health emergencies. All over India, people are falling sick due to the heat. A new nationwide survey offers some startling insights into how heatwaves hurt people and cripple productivity.It showed that 45% of the households contacted reported at least one member getting sick from the heat last month. Some three-fourths of India's workers work in heat-exposed jobs like construction and mining. This becomes worse during heatwaves as there are fewer safe and productive work hours during the day. 【译文欣赏】 印度首个中暑急诊室内部情况 在印度首都德里最大的医院之一，一位医生表示他以前从未见过这样的情况。“这是一场前所未有的热浪。我已经在这里工作了13年，我不记得曾为中暑患者开具过死亡证明。但今年，我已经开具了好几份。”拉姆·马诺哈尔·洛希亚医院（RMLH）的阿贾伊·乔汉说道。 德里正遭受持续的热浪袭击。自5月份以来，每天的气温都在40摄氏度以上，最高气温接近50摄氏度。湿度和热风加剧了炎热，需求激增又引发了缺水和停电问题，可谓雪上加霜。 中暑是最严重的高温病，可通过三个关键表征来判断：暴露在高温高湿的环境中，核心体温达到40.5摄氏度或更高，以及精神状态的改变，比如出现轻度意识混乱或意识障碍。 RMLH中暑急救室可能是印度首家此类诊所，病房中抢救中暑患者的努力，凸显了骤变的气候和健康紧急情况所带来的挑战。 在印度各地，人们都在因高温而生病。一项新的全国性调查揭示了热浪是如何伤害民众并削弱生产力的，事实十分惊人。调查显示，有45％的受访家庭表示，家中至少有一名成员在上个月因为高温生病。 印度约3／4的工人从事建筑和采矿等暴露在高温环境下的工作。热浪滚滚让情况恶化，因为在白天可以安全高效工作的时间变少了。 【词汇积累】 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. inside [ɪnˈsaɪd] prep. 一探究竟，内部揭种 2. heat stroke [hiːt stroʊk] n. 中暑 3. physician [fɪˈzɪʃən] n. 医师，内科医师；抚慰者 4. unprecedented [ʌnˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd] adj. 史无前例的 5. prolonged [prəˈlɔŋd] adj. 持续的，长期的 6. exacerbate [ɪɡˈzæsərˌbeɪt] v. 加剧，恶化（负向增强） 7. humidity [hjuːˈmɪdəti] n. [气象] 湿度；湿气 8. impaired [ɪmˈpɛrd] adj. 受损的；v. 损害 (impair的过去式和过去分词) 9. underscore [ˌʌndərˈskɔr] n. 下划线；v. 强调，凸显 10. pose [poʊz] v. 摆姿势；造成，引发 11. fall sick [fɔl sɪk] v.（因突发因素）患病 12. startling [ˈstɑrtəlɪŋ] adj. 令人震惊的 13. cripple [ˈkrɪpəl] v. 严重削弱（至无法使用） 14. mining [ˈmaɪnɪŋ] n. 矿业；采矿 【长难句分析】 原句 A heat stroke, the most severe heat illness, is identified by three key signs: exposure to high heat and humidity, a core body temperature of 40.5°C or higher, and mental changes like mild confusion or impaired consciousness. 译文 中暑是最严重的高温病，可通过三个关键表征来判断：暴露在高温高湿的环境中，核心体温达到40.5摄氏度或更高，以及精神状态的改变，比如出现轻度意识混乱或意识障碍。 分析 +--[主句: A heat stroke is identified by three key signs] | +--[同位语: the most severe heat illness] | +--[名词短语: exposure to high heat and humidity] | +--[名词短语: a core body temperature of 40.5°C or higher] | +--[名词短语: mental changes like mild confusion or impaired consciousness] | +--[介词短语: like mild confusion or impaired consciousness] （一） Green Haven Heightening Environmental Awareness About Green Haven… ● Visit Green Haven to learn how to care about the environment and broaden your knowledge and understanding of conservation efforts. ● Our purpose is to showcase what others have done to help conserve the environment and how everyone can also do his/her part. ● We believe that everyone can achieve this through hands-on activities. How Green Haven is fun for everyone! To ensure that Green Haven never loses its appeal for visitors of all ages, the informative audio-visual displays and interactive activities — housed in different booths and zones — are replaced on a monthly basis. Green Haven MembershipSign up to become a member of Green Haven! Receive your membership card on the spot and show your card and you can:  get 20% off the admission fee  receive discounts at Booth 3 and the Green Cafe next door General informationOpening hours: 1 p.m. to 6 p.m. (Monday to Friday)    9 a.m. to 9 p.m. (Saturday) Address: 1 Maple Road, Singapore 123456 Admission fee: $10 (for anyone over the age of 12)    $5 (for children aged 5 to 12) 1．Which of the following is true about Green Haven? A．It makes visitors aware of virtual activities. B．It raises awareness of environmental issues. C．It can help us equipped with an inquiring mind. D．It replaces some displays and activities once a week. 2．What will you enjoy if you are a member of Green Haven? A．Discounts at all of its booths. B．A free visit to Green Haven. C．Admission ticket discounts. D．Free admission for kids aged 5. 3．What is the purpose of the text? A．To draw visitors to Green Haven. B．To attract visitors to the Green Cafe. C．To help visitors get around Green Haven. D．To show visitors what Green Haven looks like. ( 原句 Our purpose is to showcase what others have done to help conserve the environment and how everyone can also do his/her part. 译文 我们的目的是展示其他人在保护环境方面所做的工作，以及每个人如何也能尽自己的一份力量。 分析 +--[主句: Our purpose is to showcase what others have done to help conserve the environment and how everyone can also do his/her part] | +--[不定式短语: to showcase] | +--[宾语从句: what others have done to help conserve the environment and how everyone can also do his/her part] ) ( 1.heighten v. 提高 2.environmental adj. 环境的 3.awareness n. 意识 4.conservation n. 保护 5.broaden v. 拓宽 6.appeal n. 吸引力 7.audio-visual adj. 视听的 8.membership n. 会员资格 9.admission n. 入场 10.discount n. 折扣 ) （二） Lce Hui Ling was exposed to environmental and social issues at a young age. Born into a family of artists, she was impressed by the environmental subjects of her mother’s art works and thus developed a pasion for the environment. “As a child, would worry about the ozone layer (臭氧层) expanding, rubbish pollution, and animals going extinct. Very serious topics for a little girl!” After graduating from the Sarah Lawrence College in New York and moving back to Malaysia, Hui Ling’s conceras for the environment grew. She set up a Greenpeace Malaysia online community on various social media platforms. This was instrumental in the eventual setting up of the Malaysian office in 2017. Hui Ling helped to organise and lead at meet-ups, as well as run workshops and training. An artist and educator, Hui Ling organised participatory art projects in line with Greenpeace Malaysia campaigns on deforestation, plastic pollution and consumerism. One of them was the Wings of Paradise project, where she led a team of 30 youth volunteers in creating a 64-meter long mural (壁画), showing the essence of the brightly coloured feathers, crazy dances and fantastic behaviours of birds of paradise (天堂鸟). The project aimed to remind the public of the constant threat to this Indonesian wildlife, and inspire people to act to protect it. “Environmental activism has taught me that doing good is not a sprint, but a marathon, and we need to make ourselves tougher and stronger to keep going through the difficult times,” Hui Ling said. “There is a ray of hope in the youth activism of the last few years. The youths of today are well organised and passionate in expressing their desire for positive change and a green and sustainable future for all.” said Hui Ling. 4．What do we know about Lee Hui Ling? A．She grew up in a family of educators. B．She joined Greenpeace out of curiosity. C．She studied environmental science in college. D．She was environmentally aware since childhood. 5．What is“Wings of Paradise”intended for? A．Beautifying local city streets. B．Furthering researches on the local wildlife. C．Preserving the beauty of birds of paradise. D．Training young artists of bird paintings. 6．What is Hui Ling’s opinion on environmental activism? A．It is a long-term commitment. B．It lacks involvement from the youth. C．It is a reflection of social well-being. D．It allows free expressions about future. 7．What can be the best title for the text? A．Journey to the Wild B．Art for Change C．The Founding of Greenpeace Malaysia D．A Green and Sustainable Future ( 原句 One of them was the Wings of Paradise project, where she led a team of 30 youth volunteers in creating a 64-meter long mural, showing the essence of the brightly coloured feathers, crazy dances and fantastic behaviours of birds of paradise. 译文 其中之一是“天堂之翼”项目，她带领一个由30名青年志愿者组成的团队创作了一幅64米长的壁画，展示了天堂鸟色彩鲜艳的羽毛、疯狂的舞蹈和奇妙的行为的精髓。 分析 +--[主句: One of them was the Wings of Paradise project] | +--[定语从句: where she led a team of 30 youth volunteers in creating a 64-meter long mural] | | | +--[介词短语: in creating a 64-meter long mural] | +--[分词短语: showing the essence of the brightly coloured feathers, crazy dances and fantastic behaviours of birds of paradise] | +--[宾语: the essence of the brightly coloured feathers, crazy dances and fantastic behaviours of birds of paradise] ) ( 1.expose v. 暴露 2.issue n. 问题 3.ozone layer n. 臭氧层 4.extinct adj. 灭绝的 5.concern n. 关心，担忧 6.instrumental adj. 有帮助的 7.eventual adj. 最终的 8.consumerism n. 消费主义 9.essence n. 本质，精髓 10.activism n. 激进主义，行动主义 ) （三） When Chui-Lian Lee and Valentina Gomez started on their academic journeys as textile (织物) developing and marketing majors at the Fashion Institute of Technology, they were eager to learn more about the clothing industry. Some of the things they ended up learning shocked them. They found out that roughly 11 million tons of textile waste end up in landfill each year, and the chemicals and gases that emerge during decomposition pollute the earth. Every single class that they joined, they’d go through the impacts and it’d be like, “Okay, cotton has this large of a water footprint and people are turning to organic cotton, but that’s not really a solution because of these reasons.” Or “People are looking at recycled polyester (涤纶) but that’s not great because it still releases microplastics.” As every solution they learned about came with drawbacks, they both wound up feeling really frustrated. It wasn’t until the two joined a class on the application of biotechnology to the manufacturing of clothing that they realized there could be a more environmentally friendly option for the fashion industry. Lee and Gomez learned that they could use specially engineered proteins to create a fiber that avoids plastics and degrades (分解) naturally, and then the idea for Werewool was born. “By changing how we are creating the fibers that make up our clothing, we can change the entire life cycle of our clothing and their end-of-life impacts on the environment, avoiding pollution from plastics,” Lee explains. The early-stage biotech company focusing on developing biodegradable fibers for the textile industry initially started as a research project that involved many sleepless nights in the lab. After winning the H&M Global Change Award in 2020, the project launched into a company. Over four years and 4.5 million dollars in funding later, Werewool now has 12 employees and has begun working with brands to develop clothing out of their protein-based fibers, with the hope of launching products in 2025. By 2030, 125,000 tons of fiber is expected to enter the market, which is about 390 million shirts. “Our goal has always been to make the fashion industry friendly to nature,” says Lee. 8．What surprised Lee and Gomez when they learned about the clothing industry? A．A wide range of textiles are produced every year. B．There are many poisonous chemicals in clothing. C．Clothing industry brings harm to the environment. D．The textile waste is quite difficult to break down. 9．Why are organic cotton and recycled polyester mentioned? A．To present features of organic clothing. B．To introduce methods of recycling textile waste. C．To show they’re not good options for sustainability. D．To explain it is essential to reduce the water footprint. 10．What can we learn about Werewool according to the passage? A．It has a bright prospect. B．It funds research on textile waste. C．It proves to be highly profitable. D．It pioneers in plastics decomposition. 11．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Werewool Makes Fashion Green B．Breakthroughs in Applied Biotechnology C．Lee and Gomez’s Academic Journeys D．New Protein-based Fibers Hit the Market ( 原句 Lee and Gomez learned that they could use specially engineered proteins to create a fiber that avoids plastics and degrades (分解) naturally, and then the idea for Werewool was born. 译文 李和戈麦斯了解到，他们可以使用特殊工程蛋白来制造一种纤维，这种纤维可以避免塑料，并且可以自然降解，于是，Werewool诞生了。 分析 +--[主句: Lee and Gomez learned] | +--[宾语从句: that they could use specially engineered proteins to create a fiber that avoids plastics and degrades naturally] | +--[主语: they] +--[谓语: could use specially engineered proteins to create a fiber] | +--[定语从句: that avoids plastics and degrades naturally] +--[并列句: and then the idea for Werewool was born] ) ( 1.textile n. 织物 2.marketing n. 营销 3.landfill n. 垃圾填埋场 4.decomposition n. 分解 5.footprint n. 足迹，影响 6.drawback n. 缺点 7.biotechnology n. 生物技术 8.engineered adj. 设计的，改良的 9.biodegradable adj. 可生物降解的 10.launch v. 启动，推出 ) （四） Anand Malligavad, known as the “Lake Man” in India, is a mechanical engineer from Bengaluru. He has spent his life studying ancient techniques for keeping lakes clean. Malligavad has successfully restored (恢复) many lakes, covering a total surface area of 800 acres. These lakes now hold 106 million gallons of water, and the groundwater level in those regions has increased by eight feet. It was in 2017, and he was out for a walk with colleagues when he fell into a smelly, dirty lake. Then the very next day, he asked his company if they would fund the restoration of the 36-acre lake. However, they were uncertain whether Malligavad could do this. Determined to succeed, Malligavad took it upon himself to study the history of the lake and familiarize himself with various lake restoration methods. Four months later, Malligavad received funding from his company, which enabled him to start working on this project in the city of Bengaluru. With the aid of hundreds of volunteers, they removed the waste and opened the channel. Malligavad then adopted the ancient Chola method to build mud walls that channel the extra rainwater into the lakes for agricultural use. It took them just 45 days and then they waited for the rains. Six months later, when the rainy season came, he was out boating on a fresh, clean lake. “When I saw the lake, I felt younger, and I wanted to jump into it,” Malligavad said. Since this first win, Malligavad has not stopped. He has created a non-profit organization called The Lake Revivers Collective. “All I have is a sense of urgency that if we don’t repair the damage we’ve already caused,” he said, “It’s going to end badly for all of us. Water shortage is a major problem in Bengaluru, Water tankers (水罐车) must drive in to meet the population’s needs.” His methods help to solve the problem, and even attract wildlife. 12．Why is Malligavad called the “Lake Man” in India? A．He has created the newest ways of cleaning up lakes. B．He lives by fishing in many lakes. C．He is devoted to restoring lakes. D．He is good at boating on lakes. 13．How did Malligavad respond to his company’s doubt? A．By introducing the history of the lake to the public. B．By doing research into the lake to win support. C．By discontinuing the restoration project. D．By seeking help from other companies. 14．How can we best describe the approach applied in Bengaluru? A．Challenging and dissatisfying. B．Traditional but useless. C．Practical and fruitful. D．Creative but costly. 15．What inspired Malligavad to start the non-profit organization? A．A serious lack of water resources. B．His passion for wildlife protection. C．The wish to attract public attention. D．His desire to help purchase water tankers. ( 原句 Determined to succeed, Malligavad took it upon himself to study the history of the lake and familiarize himself with various lake restoration methods. 译文 决心取得成功的马利加瓦德亲自研究了湖泊的历史，熟悉了各种湖泊修复方法 。 分析 +--[状语: Determined to succeed] | +--[主句: Malligavad took it upon himself to study the history of the lake and familiarize himself with various lake restoration methods] | +--[主语: Malligavad] +--[谓语: took it upon himself] | +--[不定式短语: to study the history of the lake and familiarize himself with various lake restoration methods] | +--[并列动词: to study] | | | +--[宾语: the history of the lake] | +--[并列动词: familiarize himself] | +--[宾语: with various lake restoration methods] ) ( 1.surface area n. 表面积 2.groundwater n. 地下水 3.restoration n. 修复 4.uncertain adj. 不确定的 5.familiarize v. 使熟悉 6.volunteer n. 志愿者 7.channel n. 渠道 8.ancient adj. 古老的 9.agricultural adj. 农业的 10.non-profit adj. 非营利的 ) （五） Save the Earth from Declining Biodiversity Plants and animals depend on each other for survival. Find out why this biodiversity is so important and how you can help. Skip the selfie (自拍照). Riding elephants, holding monkeys, and taking photos with little lion might seem fun, but these animals might have been caught from the wild and aren’t being properly cared for. Avoid these activities on vacation unless you know the group is trustworthy and not treating animals cruelly. 16 Stand up for scary animals. Some people are afraid of animals like wolves, sharks, and bats and try to harm them. 17 Because they keep their habitats healthy. So tell everyone how amazing they are. Bad plants. 18 They can destroy native species and shake up the whole ecosystem. You can help. Sign up to help remove invasive plants at a local park or nature centre. Lights off. Birds can become confused by bright nighttime lights, causing them to crash into windows or fly in circles until they’re very tired. 19 You can also talk to your parents about turning off the lights at their high-rise offices. 20 Bring binoculars (望远镜) on an outdoor adventure to enjoy wildlife from afar. That way you don’t disturb animals, which can change their behaviour. Critters (生物) are better off spending energy looking for food or caring for young — not hiding from you! A．Look — Don’t touch. B．But these animals are super important. C．A large number of birds die from these. D．We should make an effort to protect local species. E．Ask your parents not to “like” similar photos on social media. F．Invasive species are plants and animals that don’t belong in a habitat. G．Turn off unnecessary lights at night in the spring and fall when birds are migrating. ( 1.declining adj. 下降的 2.biodiversity n. 生物多样性 3.selfie n. 自拍照 4.cruelly adv. 残忍地 5.stand up for v. 支持 6.scary adj. 可怕的 7.invasive adj. 侵入的 8.sign up v. 报名 9.binocular n. 望远镜 10.critter n. 生物 ) （六） “Found something!” Susan Baur, a swimmer, ducks into the water. She 21 , holding a pair of swimming goggles (护目镜). These are passed to a kayaker (皮划艇桨手), who waves them 22 , like a prize, before throwing them in a basket. When the team returns to 23 , the women are smiling and cracking jokes about the 24 and their pull. Since 2017, Old Ladies Against Underwater Garbage (OLAUG), which accepts 25 older women as members, has made it its mission to 26 trash from ponds across Cape Cod. Many outsiders have expressed their 27 to OLAUG for cleaning up the ponds; a number, however, have 28 why they refer to themselves as “old ladies”. “You should call yourselves the Mermaids (美人鱼) Against Glitter Litter.” Others have said she should open the group to all 29 , and even to men. 30 they admit that it wasn’t 31 a conscious choice, they now believe that the “old lady” 32 is a crucial part of what the group is about. “Women over 65 tend to feel the restriction of aging,” Baur says. “Part of the goal of OLAUG is to 33 that older women can do a lot more than people might think.” Criticism 34 , the most common response is “I want to join you”. And after that first dive, the new application excitement is 35 with a lot on the waiting list to be one of them. 21．A．surfaces B．surfs C．flows D．bathes 22．A．forward B．back C．overhead D．downward 23．A．border B．home C．pond D．shore 24．A．match B．dive C．voyage D．drag 25．A．precisely B．absolutely C．mainly D．merely 26．A．recover B．reuse C．remove D．release 27．A．gratitude B．concern C．sympathy D．curiosity 28．A．commented B．questioned C．proposed D．suspected 29．A．ages B．ranks C．sections D．genders 30．A．As B．Although C．Since D．Unless 31．A．occasionally B．eventually C．initially D．frequently 32．A．profile B．distinction C．personality D．identity 33．A．demonstrate B．imply C．warn D．declare 34．A．altogether B．beyond C．aside D．besides 35．A．substantial B．infectious C．fierce D．thrilling ( 1.duck v. 潜入 2.goggles n. 护目镜 3.kayaker n. 皮划艇桨手 4.mission n. 任务 5.comment v. 评论 6.propose v. 提议 7.demonstrate v. 展示 8.beyond prep. 超出 9.infectious adj. 传染的，有感染力的 10.substantial adj. 大量的 ) （一） （2024·新课标I卷）HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.GROUPS Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form.AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15. Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed. We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary. Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch. No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements.UPCOMING EVENTS Time Meeting Location Sunday, Jan. 15  10:00 am — 1:00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead Sunday, Jan. 22  10:00 am — 2:30 pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot Sunday, Jan. 29  9:30 am — 2:30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead 1．What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team? A．To discover mineral resources. B．To develop new wildlife parks. C．To protect the local ecosystem. D．To conduct biological research. 2．What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team? A．5. B．10. C．15. D．18. 3．What are the volunteers expected to do? A．Bring their own tools. B．Work even in bad weather. C．Wear a team uniform. D．Do at least three projects. （二） （2024·浙江·高考真题）On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary’s southern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding. Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years. “Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail,” Mr. Stienwand says, “but they’re increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.” The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc. of Fargo, North Dakota. “We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot be causing drought.” Dr. Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.” One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind? No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.” Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “It would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety. 4．What does the project aim to do? A．Conserve moisture in the soil. B．Forecast disastrous hailstorms. C．Prevent the formation of hailstones. D．Investigate chemical use in farming. 5．Who are opposed to the project? A．Managers of insurance companies. B．Farmers in east-central Alberta. C．Provincial government officials. D．Residents of Calgary and Edmonton. 6．Why does Dr. Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999? A．To compare different kinds of seeding methods. B．To illustrate the development of big hailstorms. C．To show the link between storms and moisture. D．To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding. 7．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right. B．Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist. C．The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared. D．Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada. （三） （2022·浙江·高考真题）阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics 8 are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane   9 （view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. But Cobb and others 10 （be） now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and 11 （change） their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, 12 （rough） 200 academics - many of them climate scientists 13 （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. Cobb, for her part, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak 14 she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of 15 time, they agreed. When the answer, was no, she, declined the 16 （invite）. That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans 17 （continue） the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding. ", she says, "a really positive change." （2022·全国甲卷）你校将以六月八日世界海洋日为主题，举办英语征文比赛，请你写一篇短文投稿。 内容包括： 1. 海洋的重要性； 2. 保护海洋的倡议。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 短文的题目和首句已为你写好。 Our oceans, our responsibility June 8th was named by the UN in 2009 as World Oceans Day... ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ( 4 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题09 环境与生态保护（解析版） 【材料来源：BBC Jun. 20, 2024】 Inside India's first heat stroke emergency In one of the largest hospitals in India's capital, Delhi, a physician says he has never seen anything like this before."This is an unprecedented heatwave. In my 13 years of working here, I don't remember signing a death certificate for heat stroke. This year, I've signed several," says Ajay Chauhan of the Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital (RMLH). Delhi has been reeling under a prolonged heatwave, with daily temperatures crossing 40°C since May, peaking at nearly 50°C. Humidity and hot winds exacerbate the heat,compounded by water shortages and power outages due to soaring demand. A heat stroke, the most severe heat illness, is identified by three key signs: exposure to high heat and humidity, a core body temperature of 40.5°C or higher, and mental changes like mild confusion or impaired consciousness. At the RMLH clinic, possibly the first of its kind in India, the effort to save heat stroke patients underscores the challenge posed by rapid climate and health emergencies. All over India, people are falling sick due to the heat. A new nationwide survey offers some startling insights into how heatwaves hurt people and cripple productivity.It showed that 45% of the households contacted reported at least one member getting sick from the heat last month. Some three-fourths of India's workers work in heat-exposed jobs like construction and mining. This becomes worse during heatwaves as there are fewer safe and productive work hours during the day. 【译文欣赏】 印度首个中暑急诊室内部情况 在印度首都德里最大的医院之一，一位医生表示他以前从未见过这样的情况。“这是一场前所未有的热浪。我已经在这里工作了13年，我不记得曾为中暑患者开具过死亡证明。但今年，我已经开具了好几份。”拉姆·马诺哈尔·洛希亚医院（RMLH）的阿贾伊·乔汉说道。 德里正遭受持续的热浪袭击。自5月份以来，每天的气温都在40摄氏度以上，最高气温接近50摄氏度。湿度和热风加剧了炎热，需求激增又引发了缺水和停电问题，可谓雪上加霜。 中暑是最严重的高温病，可通过三个关键表征来判断：暴露在高温高湿的环境中，核心体温达到40.5摄氏度或更高，以及精神状态的改变，比如出现轻度意识混乱或意识障碍。 RMLH中暑急救室可能是印度首家此类诊所，病房中抢救中暑患者的努力，凸显了骤变的气候和健康紧急情况所带来的挑战。 在印度各地，人们都在因高温而生病。一项新的全国性调查揭示了热浪是如何伤害民众并削弱生产力的，事实十分惊人。调查显示，有45％的受访家庭表示，家中至少有一名成员在上个月因为高温生病。 印度约3／4的工人从事建筑和采矿等暴露在高温环境下的工作。热浪滚滚让情况恶化，因为在白天可以安全高效工作的时间变少了。 【词汇积累】 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. inside [ɪnˈsaɪd] prep. 一探究竟，内部揭种 2. heat stroke [hiːt stroʊk] n. 中暑 3. physician [fɪˈzɪʃən] n. 医师，内科医师；抚慰者 4. unprecedented [ʌnˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd] adj. 史无前例的 5. prolonged [prəˈlɔŋd] adj. 持续的，长期的 6. exacerbate [ɪɡˈzæsərˌbeɪt] v. 加剧，恶化（负向增强） 7. humidity [hjuːˈmɪdəti] n. [气象] 湿度；湿气 8. impaired [ɪmˈpɛrd] adj. 受损的；v. 损害 (impair的过去式和过去分词) 9. underscore [ˌʌndərˈskɔr] n. 下划线；v. 强调，凸显 10. pose [poʊz] v. 摆姿势；造成，引发 11. fall sick [fɔl sɪk] v.（因突发因素）患病 12. startling [ˈstɑrtəlɪŋ] adj. 令人震惊的 13. cripple [ˈkrɪpəl] v. 严重削弱（至无法使用） 14. mining [ˈmaɪnɪŋ] n. 矿业；采矿 【长难句分析】 原句 A heat stroke, the most severe heat illness, is identified by three key signs: exposure to high heat and humidity, a core body temperature of 40.5°C or higher, and mental changes like mild confusion or impaired consciousness. 译文 中暑是最严重的高温病，可通过三个关键表征来判断：暴露在高温高湿的环境中，核心体温达到40.5摄氏度或更高，以及精神状态的改变，比如出现轻度意识混乱或意识障碍。 分析 +--[主句: A heat stroke is identified by three key signs] | +--[同位语: the most severe heat illness] | +--[名词短语: exposure to high heat and humidity] | +--[名词短语: a core body temperature of 40.5°C or higher] | +--[名词短语: mental changes like mild confusion or impaired consciousness] | +--[介词短语: like mild confusion or impaired consciousness] （一） （2024·江西赣州·二模）Green Haven Heightening Environmental Awareness About Green Haven… ● Visit Green Haven to learn how to care about the environment and broaden your knowledge and understanding of conservation efforts. ● Our purpose is to showcase what others have done to help conserve the environment and how everyone can also do his/her part. ● We believe that everyone can achieve this through hands-on activities. How Green Haven is fun for everyone! To ensure that Green Haven never loses its appeal for visitors of all ages, the informative audio-visual displays and interactive activities — housed in different booths and zones — are replaced on a monthly basis. Green Haven MembershipSign up to become a member of Green Haven! Receive your membership card on the spot and show your card and you can:  get 20% off the admission fee  receive discounts at Booth 3 and the Green Cafe next door General informationOpening hours: 1 p.m. to 6 p.m. (Monday to Friday)    9 a.m. to 9 p.m. (Saturday) Address: 1 Maple Road, Singapore 123456 Admission fee: $10 (for anyone over the age of 12)    $5 (for children aged 5 to 12) 1．Which of the following is true about Green Haven? A．It makes visitors aware of virtual activities. B．It raises awareness of environmental issues. C．It can help us equipped with an inquiring mind. D．It replaces some displays and activities once a week. 2．What will you enjoy if you are a member of Green Haven? A．Discounts at all of its booths. B．A free visit to Green Haven. C．Admission ticket discounts. D．Free admission for kids aged 5. 3．What is the purpose of the text? A．To draw visitors to Green Haven. B．To attract visitors to the Green Cafe. C．To help visitors get around Green Haven. D．To show visitors what Green Haven looks like. 【答案速查】1．B 2．C 3．A 【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍Green Haven并号召人们注册成为Green Haven的会员。 1．细节理解题。由标题中“Heightening Environmental Awareness(提高环境意识)”以及About Green Haven…中“Our purpose is to showcase what others have done to help conserve the environment and how everyone can also do his/her part.(我们的目的是展示其他人在保护环境方面所做的工作，以及每个人如何也能尽自己的一份力量。)”可知，Green Haven提高人们对环境问题的认识。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。由Green Haven Membership中“Receive your membership card on the spot and show your card and you can:  get 20% off the admission fee  receive discounts at Booth 3 and the Green Cafe next door(当场领取您的会员卡并出示您的卡，您可以： 门票可享受八折优惠； 在3号展位和隔壁的绿色咖啡馆享受折扣)”可知，如果你是Green Haven的会员，你可以享受门票折扣。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。由About Green Haven…中“Visit Green Haven to learn how to care about the environment and broaden your knowledge and understanding of conservation efforts.(参观Green Haven，了解如何关心环境，并拓宽您对保护工作的知识和理解。)”以及上下文可知，文章主要介绍Green Haven，其目的是为了吸引游客拜访Green Haven。故选A项。 ( 原句 Our purpose is to showcase what others have done to help conserve the environment and how everyone can also do his/her part. 译文 我们的目的是展示其他人在保护环境方面所做的工作，以及每个人如何也能尽自己的一份力量。 分析 +--[主句: Our purpose is to showcase what others have done to help conserve the environment and how everyone can also do his/her part] | +--[不定式短语: to showcase] | +--[宾语从句: what others have done to help conserve the environment and how everyone can also do his/her part] ) ( 1.heighten v. 提高 2.environmental adj. 环境的 3.awareness n. 意识 4.conservation n. 保护 5.broaden v. 拓宽 6.appeal n. 吸引力 7.audio-visual adj. 视听的 8.membership n. 会员资格 9.admission n. 入场 10.discount n. 折扣 ) （二） （2024·福建泉州·三模）Lce Hui Ling was exposed to environmental and social issues at a young age. Born into a family of artists, she was impressed by the environmental subjects of her mother’s art works and thus developed a pasion for the environment. “As a child, would worry about the ozone layer (臭氧层) expanding, rubbish pollution, and animals going extinct. Very serious topics for a little girl!” After graduating from the Sarah Lawrence College in New York and moving back to Malaysia, Hui Ling’s conceras for the environment grew. She set up a Greenpeace Malaysia online community on various social media platforms. This was instrumental in the eventual setting up of the Malaysian office in 2017. Hui Ling helped to organise and lead at meet-ups, as well as run workshops and training. An artist and educator, Hui Ling organised participatory art projects in line with Greenpeace Malaysia campaigns on deforestation, plastic pollution and consumerism. One of them was the Wings of Paradise project, where she led a team of 30 youth volunteers in creating a 64-meter long mural (壁画), showing the essence of the brightly coloured feathers, crazy dances and fantastic behaviours of birds of paradise (天堂鸟). The project aimed to remind the public of the constant threat to this Indonesian wildlife, and inspire people to act to protect it. “Environmental activism has taught me that doing good is not a sprint, but a marathon, and we need to make ourselves tougher and stronger to keep going through the difficult times,” Hui Ling said. “There is a ray of hope in the youth activism of the last few years. The youths of today are well organised and passionate in expressing their desire for positive change and a green and sustainable future for all.” said Hui Ling. 4．What do we know about Lee Hui Ling? A．She grew up in a family of educators. B．She joined Greenpeace out of curiosity. C．She studied environmental science in college. D．She was environmentally aware since childhood. 5．What is“Wings of Paradise”intended for? A．Beautifying local city streets. B．Furthering researches on the local wildlife. C．Preserving the beauty of birds of paradise. D．Training young artists of bird paintings. 6．What is Hui Ling’s opinion on environmental activism? A．It is a long-term commitment. B．It lacks involvement from the youth. C．It is a reflection of social well-being. D．It allows free expressions about future. 7．What can be the best title for the text? A．Journey to the Wild B．Art for Change C．The Founding of Greenpeace Malaysia D．A Green and Sustainable Future 【答案速查】4．D 5．C 6．A 7．B 【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了李慧玲因家庭艺术熏陶自小关注环境问题，后创立绿色和平组织马来西亚分支，通过环保艺术项目如“天堂之翼”壁画，激发公众保护意识，认为环保行动需持之以恒，并赞扬了当下青年的积极环保行动。 4．细节理解题。 根据第一段的“Lce Hui Ling was exposed to environmental and social issues at a young age. Born into a family of artists, she was impressed by the environmental subjects of her mother’s art works and thus developed a passion for the environment.(Lce Hui Ling在很小的时候就接触到了环境和社会问题。她出生在一个艺术家家庭，对母亲艺术作品中的环境主题印象深刻，因此对环境产生了热情)” 可知，李慧玲自小就接触到了环境和社会问题，出生在一个艺术家家庭，她母亲作品中的环保主题给她留下了深刻印象，因此对环境产生了热情。故选D。 5．细节理解题。 根据第三段的“One of them was the Wings of Paradise project, where she led a team of 30 youth volunteers in creating a 64-meter long mural, showing the essence of the brightly coloured feathers, crazy dances and fantastic behaviours of birds of paradise. The project aimed to remind the public of the constant threat to this Indonesian wildlife, and inspire people to act to protect it.(其中之一是“天堂之翼”项目，她带领一个由30名青年志愿者组成的团队创作了一幅64米长的壁画，展示了天堂鸟色彩鲜艳的羽毛、疯狂的舞蹈和奇妙的行为的精髓。该项目旨在提醒公众这种印尼野生动物面临的持续威胁，并激励人们采取行动保护它)” 可知，“Wings of Paradise”项目旨在通过壁画展示天堂鸟的美，以此提醒公众这种印尼野生动物所面临的持续威胁，并激励人们采取行动保护它们。故选C。 6．推理判断题。根据最后一段Hui Ling说的话“Environmental activism has taught me that doing good is not a sprint, but a marathon, and we need to make ourselves tougher and stronger to keep going through the difficult times.(环保行动主义教会了我，行善不是短跑，而是马拉松，我们需要让自己变得更坚强、更坚强，才能继续度过困难时期)” 可知，这句话直接表明了她的观点，环保就像马拉松，是一个需要坚持的过程。由此可推知，环保行动是一项长期的承诺，需要持久的努力和坚韧不拔的精神。故选A。 7．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段的““Environmental activism has taught me that doing good is not a sprint, but a marathon, and we need to make ourselves tougher and stronger to keep going through the difficult times,” Hui Ling said. “There is a ray of hope in the youth activism of the last few years. The youths of today are well organised and passionate in expressing their desire for positive change and a green and sustainable future for all.” said Hui Ling.(惠玲说：“环保行动主义教会了我，行善不是短跑，而是马拉松，我们需要让自己变得更坚强、更坚强，才能继续度过困难时期。”。惠玲说：“过去几年的青年行动主义有一线希望。今天的青年组织严密，充满激情，表达了他们对积极变革和人人享有绿色可持续未来的渴望。”)”可知，文本主要讲述了李慧玲如何从一个自小对环境有意识的孩子成长为一名通过艺术推动环保活动的社会活动家，特别是通过“Wings of Paradise”这样的艺术项目来引起公众对环境问题的关注并激发变革。所以“艺术促进变革”适合作本文的标题。故选B。 ( 原句 One of them was the Wings of Paradise project, where she led a team of 30 youth volunteers in creating a 64-meter long mural, showing the essence of the brightly coloured feathers, crazy dances and fantastic behaviours of birds of paradise. 译文 其中之一是“天堂之翼”项目，她带领一个由30名青年志愿者组成的团队创作了一幅64米长的壁画，展示了天堂鸟色彩鲜艳的羽毛、疯狂的舞蹈和奇妙的行为的精髓。 分析 +--[主句: One of them was the Wings of Paradise project] | +--[定语从句: where she led a team of 30 youth volunteers in creating a 64-meter long mural] | | | +--[介词短语: in creating a 64-meter long mural] | +--[分词短语: showing the essence of the brightly coloured feathers, crazy dances and fantastic behaviours of birds of paradise] | +--[宾语: the essence of the brightly coloured feathers, crazy dances and fantastic behaviours of birds of paradise] ) ( 1.expose v. 暴露 2.issue n. 问题 3.ozone layer n. 臭氧层 4.extinct adj. 灭绝的 5.concern n. 关心，担忧 6.instrumental adj. 有帮助的 7.eventual adj. 最终的 8.consumerism n. 消费主义 9.essence n. 本质，精髓 10.activism n. 激进主义，行动主义 ) （三） （2024·山东·三模）When Chui-Lian Lee and Valentina Gomez started on their academic journeys as textile (织物) developing and marketing majors at the Fashion Institute of Technology, they were eager to learn more about the clothing industry. Some of the things they ended up learning shocked them. They found out that roughly 11 million tons of textile waste end up in landfill each year, and the chemicals and gases that emerge during decomposition pollute the earth. Every single class that they joined, they’d go through the impacts and it’d be like, “Okay, cotton has this large of a water footprint and people are turning to organic cotton, but that’s not really a solution because of these reasons.” Or “People are looking at recycled polyester (涤纶) but that’s not great because it still releases microplastics.” As every solution they learned about came with drawbacks, they both wound up feeling really frustrated. It wasn’t until the two joined a class on the application of biotechnology to the manufacturing of clothing that they realized there could be a more environmentally friendly option for the fashion industry. Lee and Gomez learned that they could use specially engineered proteins to create a fiber that avoids plastics and degrades (分解) naturally, and then the idea for Werewool was born. “By changing how we are creating the fibers that make up our clothing, we can change the entire life cycle of our clothing and their end-of-life impacts on the environment, avoiding pollution from plastics,” Lee explains. The early-stage biotech company focusing on developing biodegradable fibers for the textile industry initially started as a research project that involved many sleepless nights in the lab. After winning the H&M Global Change Award in 2020, the project launched into a company. Over four years and 4.5 million dollars in funding later, Werewool now has 12 employees and has begun working with brands to develop clothing out of their protein-based fibers, with the hope of launching products in 2025. By 2030, 125,000 tons of fiber is expected to enter the market, which is about 390 million shirts. “Our goal has always been to make the fashion industry friendly to nature,” says Lee. 8．What surprised Lee and Gomez when they learned about the clothing industry? A．A wide range of textiles are produced every year. B．There are many poisonous chemicals in clothing. C．Clothing industry brings harm to the environment. D．The textile waste is quite difficult to break down. 9．Why are organic cotton and recycled polyester mentioned? A．To present features of organic clothing. B．To introduce methods of recycling textile waste. C．To show they’re not good options for sustainability. D．To explain it is essential to reduce the water footprint. 10．What can we learn about Werewool according to the passage? A．It has a bright prospect. B．It funds research on textile waste. C．It proves to be highly profitable. D．It pioneers in plastics decomposition. 11．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Werewool Makes Fashion Green B．Breakthroughs in Applied Biotechnology C．Lee and Gomez’s Academic Journeys D．New Protein-based Fibers Hit the Market 【答案速查】8．C 9．C 10．A 11．A 【语篇解读】本文为一篇说明文，讲述了Chui-Lian Lee和Valentina Gomez创立了Werewool公司，它致力于开发可生物降解的纤维，使时尚更环保。 8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Some of the things they ended up learning shocked them. They found out that roughly 11 million tons of textile waste end up in landfill each year, and the chemicals and gases that emerge during decomposition pollute the earth.(他们最终学到的一些东西震惊了他们。他们发现，每年大约有1100万吨纺织垃圾被填埋，在分解过程中产生的化学物质和气体污染了地球)”可知，当Lee和Gomez知道服装业给环境带来危害时，他们很惊讶。故选C。 9．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Every single class that they joined, they’d go through the impacts and it’d be like, “Okay, cotton has this large of a water footprint and people are turning to organic cotton, but that’s not really a solution because of these reasons.” Or “People are looking at recycled polyester (涤纶) but that’s not great because it still releases microplastics.” As every solution they learned about came with drawbacks, they both wound up feeling really frustrated.(他们参加的每一堂课，都会经历这些影响，他们会说，“好吧，棉花有这么大的水足迹，人们正在转向有机棉花，但由于这些原因，这并不是一个真正的解决方案。”或者“人们正在考虑回收聚酯，但这并不好，因为它仍然会释放微塑料。”因为他们了解的每个解决方案都有缺点，所以他们都感到非常沮丧。)”可知，文章提到有机棉花和回收聚酯是为了证明它们不是可持续发展的好选择。故选C。 10．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Lee and Gomez learned that they could use specially engineered proteins to create a fiber that avoids plastics and degrades (分解) naturally, and then the idea for Werewool was born. “By changing how we are creating the fibers that make up our clothing, we can change the entire life cycle of our clothing and their end-of-life impacts on the environment, avoiding pollution from plastics,” Lee explains.(李和戈麦斯了解到，他们可以使用特殊工程蛋白来制造一种纤维，这种纤维可以避免塑料，并且可以自然降解，于是，Werewool诞生了。李解释说:“通过改变我们制造服装纤维的方式，我们可以改变服装的整个生命周期以及它们的寿命结束对环境的影响，避免塑料污染。”)”可知，Werewool前景广阔。故选A。 11．主旨大意题。根据文章全文尤其是第三段“Lee and Gomez learned that they could use specially engineered proteins to create a fiber that avoids plastics and degrades (分解) naturally, and then the idea for Werewool was born.(李和戈麦斯了解到，他们可以使用特殊工程蛋白来制造一种纤维，这种纤维可以避免塑料，并且可以自然降解，于是，Werewool诞生了。)”可知，本文主要讲述了Chui-Lian Lee和Valentina Gomez创立了Werewool公司，它致力于开发可生物降解的纤维，使时尚更环保。A选项“Werewool让时尚更环保”适合作为本文标题。故选A。 ( 原句 Lee and Gomez learned that they could use specially engineered proteins to create a fiber that avoids plastics and degrades (分解) naturally, and then the idea for Werewool was born. 译文 李和戈麦斯了解到，他们可以使用特殊工程蛋白来制造一种纤维，这种纤维可以避免塑料，并且可以自然降解，于是，Werewool诞生了。 分析 +--[主句: Lee and Gomez learned] | +--[宾语从句: that they could use specially engineered proteins to create a fiber that avoids plastics and degrades naturally] | +--[主语: they] +--[谓语: could use specially engineered proteins to create a fiber] | +--[定语从句: that avoids plastics and degrades naturally] +--[并列句: and then the idea for Werewool was born] ) ( 1.textile n. 织物 2.marketing n. 营销 3.landfill n. 垃圾填埋场 4.decomposition n. 分解 5.footprint n. 足迹，影响 6.drawback n. 缺点 7.biotechnology n. 生物技术 8.engineered adj. 设计的，改良的 9.biodegradable adj. 可生物降解的 10.launch v. 启动，推出 ) （四） （2024·甘肃酒泉·三模）Anand Malligavad, known as the “Lake Man” in India, is a mechanical engineer from Bengaluru. He has spent his life studying ancient techniques for keeping lakes clean. Malligavad has successfully restored (恢复) many lakes, covering a total surface area of 800 acres. These lakes now hold 106 million gallons of water, and the groundwater level in those regions has increased by eight feet. It was in 2017, and he was out for a walk with colleagues when he fell into a smelly, dirty lake. Then the very next day, he asked his company if they would fund the restoration of the 36-acre lake. However, they were uncertain whether Malligavad could do this. Determined to succeed, Malligavad took it upon himself to study the history of the lake and familiarize himself with various lake restoration methods. Four months later, Malligavad received funding from his company, which enabled him to start working on this project in the city of Bengaluru. With the aid of hundreds of volunteers, they removed the waste and opened the channel. Malligavad then adopted the ancient Chola method to build mud walls that channel the extra rainwater into the lakes for agricultural use. It took them just 45 days and then they waited for the rains. Six months later, when the rainy season came, he was out boating on a fresh, clean lake. “When I saw the lake, I felt younger, and I wanted to jump into it,” Malligavad said. Since this first win, Malligavad has not stopped. He has created a non-profit organization called The Lake Revivers Collective. “All I have is a sense of urgency that if we don’t repair the damage we’ve already caused,” he said, “It’s going to end badly for all of us. Water shortage is a major problem in Bengaluru, Water tankers (水罐车) must drive in to meet the population’s needs.” His methods help to solve the problem, and even attract wildlife. 12．Why is Malligavad called the “Lake Man” in India? A．He has created the newest ways of cleaning up lakes. B．He lives by fishing in many lakes. C．He is devoted to restoring lakes. D．He is good at boating on lakes. 13．How did Malligavad respond to his company’s doubt? A．By introducing the history of the lake to the public. B．By doing research into the lake to win support. C．By discontinuing the restoration project. D．By seeking help from other companies. 14．How can we best describe the approach applied in Bengaluru? A．Challenging and dissatisfying. B．Traditional but useless. C．Practical and fruitful. D．Creative but costly. 15．What inspired Malligavad to start the non-profit organization? A．A serious lack of water resources. B．His passion for wildlife protection. C．The wish to attract public attention. D．His desire to help purchase water tankers. 【答案速查】12．C 13．B 14．C 15．A 【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了印度“湖人”Anand Malligavad如何运用古老技法成功恢复湖泊，解决水资源短缺问题，并创立非营利组织推动更多湖泊修复工作。 12．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Malligavad has successfully restored (恢复) many lakes, covering a total surface area of 800 acres.(马利加瓦德成功修复了许多湖泊，总面积达800英亩)”可知，马利加瓦德在印度被称为“湖人”是因为他致力于修复湖泊。故选C。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Determined to succeed, Malligavad took it upon himself to study the history of the lake and familiarize himself with various lake restoration methods.(决心取得成功的马利加瓦德亲自研究了湖泊的历史，熟悉了各种湖泊修复方法)”可知，马利加瓦德是亲自研究了湖泊的历史，熟悉了各种湖泊修复方法来回应公司的质疑的。故选B。 14．推理判断题。根据第三段的“Six months later, when the rainy season came, he was out boating on a fresh, clean lake.“When I saw the lake, I felt younger, and I wanted to jump into it,” Malligavad said.(六个月后，雨季来临，他在一个新鲜干净的湖面上划船。“当我看到这个湖时，我觉得自己更年轻了，我想跳进去，”马利加瓦德说)”可推知，在班加罗尔应用的方法是务实而富有成果的。故选C。 15．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Water shortage is a major problem in Bengaluru.Water tankers (水罐车) must drive in to meet the population’s needs.(缺水是班加罗尔的一个主要问题，水罐车必须驶入以满足人口的需求)”可知，水资源严重缺乏激发了马利加瓦德创办这个非营利组织。故选A。 ( 原句 Determined to succeed, Malligavad took it upon himself to study the history of the lake and familiarize himself with various lake restoration methods. 译文 决心取得成功的马利加瓦德亲自研究了湖泊的历史，熟悉了各种湖泊修复方法 。 分析 +--[状语: Determined to succeed] | +--[主句: Malligavad took it upon himself to study the history of the lake and familiarize himself with various lake restoration methods] | +--[主语: Malligavad] +--[谓语: took it upon himself] | +--[不定式短语: to study the history of the lake and familiarize himself with various lake restoration methods] | +--[并列动词: to study] | | | +--[宾语: the history of the lake] | +--[并列动词: familiarize himself] | +--[宾语: with various lake restoration methods] ) ( 1.surface area n. 表面积 2.groundwater n. 地下水 3.restoration n. 修复 4.uncertain adj. 不确定的 5.familiarize v. 使熟悉 6.volunteer n. 志愿者 7.channel n. 渠道 8.ancient adj. 古老的 9.agricultural adj. 农业的 10.non-profit adj. 非营利的 ) （五） （2024·广西河池·模拟预测）Save the Earth from Declining Biodiversity Plants and animals depend on each other for survival. Find out why this biodiversity is so important and how you can help. Skip the selfie (自拍照). Riding elephants, holding monkeys, and taking photos with little lion might seem fun, but these animals might have been caught from the wild and aren’t being properly cared for. Avoid these activities on vacation unless you know the group is trustworthy and not treating animals cruelly. 16 Stand up for scary animals. Some people are afraid of animals like wolves, sharks, and bats and try to harm them. 17 Because they keep their habitats healthy. So tell everyone how amazing they are. Bad plants. 18 They can destroy native species and shake up the whole ecosystem. You can help. Sign up to help remove invasive plants at a local park or nature centre. Lights off. Birds can become confused by bright nighttime lights, causing them to crash into windows or fly in circles until they’re very tired. 19 You can also talk to your parents about turning off the lights at their high-rise offices. 20 Bring binoculars (望远镜) on an outdoor adventure to enjoy wildlife from afar. That way you don’t disturb animals, which can change their behaviour. Critters (生物) are better off spending energy looking for food or caring for young — not hiding from you! A．Look — Don’t touch. B．But these animals are super important. C．A large number of birds die from these. D．We should make an effort to protect local species. E．Ask your parents not to “like” similar photos on social media. F．Invasive species are plants and animals that don’t belong in a habitat. G．Turn off unnecessary lights at night in the spring and fall when birds are migrating. 【答案速查】16．E 17．B 18．F 19．G 20．A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述拯救地球的几项措施。 16．根据上文“Riding elephants, holding monkeys, and taking photos with little lion might seem fun, but these animals might have been caught from the wild and aren’t being properly cared for. Avoid these activities on vacation unless you know the group is trustworthy and not treating animals cruelly.(骑大象，抱猴子，和小狮子合影可能看起来很有趣，但这些动物可能是从野外捕获的，没有得到适当的照顾。在度假时避免这些活动，除非你知道这个团体是值得信赖的，并且不会残忍地对待动物。)”可知，上文建议不要与动物进行拍照。E项：Ask your parents not to “like” similar photos on social media.(让你的父母不要在社交媒体上给类似的照片点赞。)与上文主题呼应，符合语境。故选E。 17．根据上文“Some people are afraid of animals like wolves, sharks, and bats and try to harm them.(有些人害怕狼、鲨鱼和蝙蝠等动物，并试图伤害它们。)”和下文“Because they keep their habitats healthy.(因为它们保持栖息地的健康。)”可知，空处和上文形成转折关系，指出这些动物的重要性，B项中的“these animals”和下文的“they”对应。B项：But these animals are super important.(但是这些动物非常重要。)符合语境。故选B。 18．根据段落小标题“Bad plants.(有害植物。)”可知，空处介绍这些有害植物是什么，结合下文“ They can destroy native species and shake up the whole ecosystem. You can help. Sign up to help remove invasive plants at a local park or nature centre.(它们可以摧毁本地物种，撼动整个生态系统。你可以帮忙。报名帮助清除当地公园或自然中心的入侵植物)”可知，空处介绍的有害植物就是入侵植物，即“Invasive species”。F项：Invasive species are plants and animals that don’t belong in a habitat.(外来入侵物种是指不属于某个栖息地的动植物。)符合语境。故选F。 19．根据上文“Birds can become confused by bright nighttime lights, causing them to crash into windows or fly in circles until they’re very tired.(夜间明亮的灯光会使鸟类感到困惑，导致它们撞到窗户上或在空中盘旋，直到它们非常疲倦。)”和下文“You can also talk to your parents about turning off the lights at their high-rise offices.(你也可以告诉你的父母把他们高层办公室的灯关掉。)”可知，上文描述夜间灯光对鸟类的危害，空处和下文并列，一起说明解决灯光造成的光污染问题的方法。G项：Turn off unnecessary lights at night in the spring and fall when birds are migrating.(在春季和秋季鸟类迁徙的时候，关掉不必要的灯。)符合语境。故选G。 20．空处为段落小标题。根据下文“Bring binoculars (望远镜) on an outdoor adventure to enjoy wildlife from afar. That way you don’t disturb animals, which can change their behaviour.(带上双筒望远镜来一次户外冒险，从远处欣赏野生动物。这样你就不会打扰动物，从而改变它们的行为。)”可知，该段主要讲述从远处欣赏野生动物，这样你就不会打扰动物，从而改变它们的行为。A项：Look—Don’t touch.(看——不要触摸。)符合语境。故选A。 ( 1.declining adj. 下降的 2.biodiversity n. 生物多样性 3.selfie n. 自拍照 4.cruelly adv. 残忍地 5.stand up for v. 支持 6.scary adj. 可怕的 7.invasive adj. 侵入的 8.sign up v. 报名 9.binocular n. 望远镜 10.critter n. 生物 ) （六） （2024·江苏扬州·模拟预测）“Found something!” Susan Baur, a swimmer, ducks into the water. She 21 , holding a pair of swimming goggles (护目镜). These are passed to a kayaker (皮划艇桨手), who waves them 22 , like a prize, before throwing them in a basket. When the team returns to 23 , the women are smiling and cracking jokes about the 24 and their pull. Since 2017, Old Ladies Against Underwater Garbage (OLAUG), which accepts 25 older women as members, has made it its mission to 26 trash from ponds across Cape Cod. Many outsiders have expressed their 27 to OLAUG for cleaning up the ponds; a number, however, have 28 why they refer to themselves as “old ladies”. “You should call yourselves the Mermaids (美人鱼) Against Glitter Litter.” Others have said she should open the group to all 29 , and even to men. 30 they admit that it wasn’t 31 a conscious choice, they now believe that the “old lady” 32 is a crucial part of what the group is about. “Women over 65 tend to feel the restriction of aging,” Baur says. “Part of the goal of OLAUG is to 33 that older women can do a lot more than people might think.” Criticism 34 , the most common response is “I want to join you”. And after that first dive, the new application excitement is 35 with a lot on the waiting list to be one of them. 21．A．surfaces B．surfs C．flows D．bathes 22．A．forward B．back C．overhead D．downward 23．A．border B．home C．pond D．shore 24．A．match B．dive C．voyage D．drag 25．A．precisely B．absolutely C．mainly D．merely 26．A．recover B．reuse C．remove D．release 27．A．gratitude B．concern C．sympathy D．curiosity 28．A．commented B．questioned C．proposed D．suspected 29．A．ages B．ranks C．sections D．genders 30．A．As B．Although C．Since D．Unless 31．A．occasionally B．eventually C．initially D．frequently 32．A．profile B．distinction C．personality D．identity 33．A．demonstrate B．imply C．warn D．declare 34．A．altogether B．beyond C．aside D．besides 35．A．substantial B．infectious C．fierce D．thrilling 【答案速查】 21．A 22．C 23．D 24．B 25．D 26．C 27．A 28．B 29．A 30．B 31．C 32．D 33．A 34．C 35．B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。一群以老年女性为主的团体“反对水下垃圾的老太太们”（OLAUG）自2017年起致力于清理科德角的池塘垃圾，她们的行动赢得外界感激，但也遭受关于团体名称的质疑。成员们认为“老妇人”这一身份象征着对抗年龄限制，展示老年女性的无限可能。面对批评，OLAUG更收获大量积极反响，申请加入者络绎不绝，热情高涨。 21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她潜入水中，然后浮出水面，手里拿着一副游泳护目镜。A. surfaces 浮出水面；B. surfs 冲浪；C. flows 流动；D. bathes 洗澡。根据前文的“Susan Baur, a swimmer, ducks into the water”和后文“holding a pair of swimming goggles (护目镜)”可知，Susan Baur 是一名游泳者，之前潜入水中，因此此处应是浮出水面。故选A。 22．考查副词词义辨析。句意：皮划艇运动员会将这些球传给皮划艇运动员，皮划艇运动员将球像奖品一样在头顶挥动，然后将球扔进篮子里。A. forward 向前；B. back 回；C. overhead 在头顶上；D. downward 向下。根据前文的“who waves them”可知，此处描述的是皮划艇桨手接收到护目镜后的动作，他应该是在头顶挥动展示，即向其他队员或观众展示。故选C。 23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当团队回到岸边时，女士们面带微笑，开着关于潜水和她们收获的玩笑。A. border 边界；B. home 家；C. pond 池塘；D. shore 岸边。根据前文的“When the team returns to”可知，团队进行的是水中的清理活动，完成任务后应回到岸边。故选D。 24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当团队回到岸边时，女士们面带微笑，开着关于潜水和她们收获的玩笑。A. match 比赛；B. dive 潜水；C. voyage 航行；D. drag 拖拽。根据前文的““Found something!” Susan Baur, a swimmer, ducks into the water.”可知，她们进行的是水下垃圾清理活动，因此应是潜水。故选B。 25．考查副词词义辨析。句意：自2017年以来，只接受老年女性会员的“反对水下垃圾的老妇人”（OLAUG）就把清除科德角池塘里的垃圾作为自己的使命。A. precisely 精确地；B. absolutely 绝对地；C. mainly 主要地；D. merely 仅仅。根据后文的“older women as members”和“Others have said she should open the group to all 9 , and even to men.”可知，有人表示，这个组织应该向所有年龄段的人开放，甚至包括男性。可推出OLAUG是一个只由老年女性组成的组织。故选D。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：自2017年以来，只接受老年女性会员的“反对水下垃圾的老妇人”（OLAUG）就把清除科德角池塘里的垃圾作为自己的使命。A. recover 恢复；B. reuse 重新使用；C. remove 移除；D. release 释放。根据后文的“trash from ponds across Cape Cod”可知，OLAUG的使命是清理水下垃圾，因此是“移除”池塘中的垃圾。故选C。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多外界人士对OLAUG表示感谢，感谢他们清理了池塘；然而，也有人质疑他们为什么称自己为“老妇人”。A. gratitude 感激；B. concern 关心；C. sympathy 同情；D. curiosity 好奇。根据后文的“to OLAUG for cleaning up the ponds”可知，OLAUG的工作有益于环境，因此人们对其表示感激。故选A。 28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多外界人士对OLAUG表示感谢，感谢他们清理了池塘；然而，也有人质疑他们为什么称自己为“老妇人”。A. commented 评论；B. questioned 质疑；C. proposed 提议；D. suspected 怀疑。根据后文的“why they refer to themselves as “old ladies””可知，根据下文的疑问内容，这里是指外界对她们自称“老妇人”提出疑问。故选B。 29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：其他人则表示，她应该向所有年龄段的人开放这个团体，甚至包括男性。A. ages 年龄；B. ranks 等级；C. sections 部分；D. genders 性别。根据前文的“Others have said she should open the group to all”和后文“and even to men.”可知，这里讨论的是团体成员的年龄限制问题，有人表示，这个组织应该向所有年龄段的人开放。故选A。 30．考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然她他们承认这最初并不是一个有意识的选择，但她们现在认为，“老妇人”的身份是该团体核心的一部分。A. As 随着；B. Although 尽管；C. Since 自从；D. Unless 除非。根据后文的“they admit that it wasn’t 11 a conscious choice, they now believe that the “old lady” 12 is a crucial part of what the group is about.”可知，尽管最初不是有意为之，但现在他们认同这一称呼的意义，前后句意存在转折让步关系，应用although“虽然”引导让步状语从句。故选B。 31．考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然她他们承认这最初并不是一个有意识的选择，但她们现在认为，“老妇人”的身份是该团体核心的一部分。A. occasionally 偶尔；B. eventually 最终；C. initially 最初；D. frequently 频繁地。根据前后文的“a conscious choice, they now believe that the “old lady” 12 is a crucial part of what the group is about.”可知，她们现在认为，“老妇人”的身份是该团体核心的一部分，这里强调的是开始时的情况，最初并不是一个有意识的选择。故选C。 32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然她他们承认这最初并不是一个有意识的选择，但她们现在认为，“老妇人”的身份是该团体核心的一部分。A. profile 侧面；轮廓；B. distinction 差异；C. personality 个性；D. identity 身份。根据后文的“is a crucial part of what the group is about.”可知，这里指的是将“老妇人”作为团体成员的一种身份认同，“老妇人”的身份是该团体核心的一部分。故选D。 33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：OLAUG目标的一部分是展示老年女性可以做的事情远比人们想象的要多。A. demonstrate 展示；B. imply 暗示；C. warn 警告；D. declare宣布。根据后文的“that older women can do a lot more than people might think.”可知，该组织目标的一部分是通过行动展示老年女性的能力。故选A。 34．考查介词词义辨析。句意：批评放在一边，最常见的回应是“我想加入你们”。A. altogether 完全地；B. beyond 超过；C. aside 在旁边；D. besides 除了。根据前文的“Criticism”和后文“the most common response is “I want to join you””可知，这里是指把批评意见放到一边，强调的是积极的反应。故选C。 35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在第一次潜水之后，新申请者的兴奋之情很有感染力，很多人都在等待名单上，希望能成为其中一员。A. substantial 实质性的；B. infectious 有感染力的；C. fierce 凶猛的；D. thrilling 刺激的。根据前文的“the new application excitement is”和后文“with a lot on the waiting list to be one of them”可知，此处形容新成员的兴奋情绪具有感染性，吸引更多人想加入。故选B。 ( 1.duck v. 潜入 2.goggles n. 护目镜 3.kayaker n. 皮划艇桨手 4.mission n. 任务 5.comment v. 评论 6.propose v. 提议 7.demonstrate v. 展示 8.beyond prep. 超出 9.infectious adj. 传染的，有感染力的 10.substantial adj. 大量的 ) （一） （2024·新课标I卷）HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.GROUPS Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form.AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15. Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed. We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary. Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch. No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements.UPCOMING EVENTS Time Meeting Location Sunday, Jan. 15  10:00 am — 1:00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead Sunday, Jan. 22  10:00 am — 2:30 pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot Sunday, Jan. 29  9:30 am — 2:30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead 1．What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team? A．To discover mineral resources. B．To develop new wildlife parks. C．To protect the local ecosystem. D．To conduct biological research. 2．What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team? A．5. B．10. C．15. D．18. 3．What are the volunteers expected to do? A．Bring their own tools. B．Work even in bad weather. C．Wear a team uniform. D．Do at least three projects. 【答案速查】1．C 2．B 3．B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了参加保护当地生态系统的栖息地恢复小组的时间地点等相关细节。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Help restore and protect Marin’s natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. (帮助恢复和保护从马林海岬到波利纳斯岭的马林海的自然区域。我们将探索美丽的公园场地，同时进行入侵植物清除、冬季种植和种子收集。栖息地恢复小组的志愿者在恢复敏感资源和保护山脊和山谷中的濒危物种方面发挥着至关重要的作用)”可知，栖息地恢复小组的目的是保护当地生态系统。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. (欢迎10岁及以上的志愿者)”可知，参加栖息地恢复小组的最低年龄限制是10岁。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“We’ll be working rain or shine. (我们将风雨无阻地工作)”可知，身为志愿者，即使天气不好也要工作。故选B项。 （二） （2024·浙江·高考真题）On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary’s southern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding. Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years. “Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail,” Mr. Stienwand says, “but they’re increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.” The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc. of Fargo, North Dakota. “We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot be causing drought.” Dr. Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.” One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind? No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.” Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “It would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety. 4．What does the project aim to do? A．Conserve moisture in the soil. B．Forecast disastrous hailstorms. C．Prevent the formation of hailstones. D．Investigate chemical use in farming. 5．Who are opposed to the project? A．Managers of insurance companies. B．Farmers in east-central Alberta. C．Provincial government officials. D．Residents of Calgary and Edmonton. 6．Why does Dr. Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999? A．To compare different kinds of seeding methods. B．To illustrate the development of big hailstorms. C．To show the link between storms and moisture. D．To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding. 7．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right. B．Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist. C．The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared. D．Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada. 【答案速查】4．C 5．B 6．D 7．B 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了1991年9月7日，加拿大历史上损失最大的冰雹袭击了卡尔加里的南郊。因此，自1996年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200万美元。飞机在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下。但是，在艾伯塔省中东部的农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷走。 4．细节理解题。根据第一段中“As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.(因此，自1996年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200万美元。飞机在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下)”可知，这个项目的目标是防止冰雹的形成。故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.(但是，在艾伯塔省中东部的农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷走)”可知，艾伯塔省中东部的农民反对这个项目。故选B。 6．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind? No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.”(查克·多斯韦尔是一位刚刚从俄克拉何马大学退休的研究科学家，他对人工降雨的安全性持怀疑态度。“1999年，我在堪萨斯州亲眼目睹了由种子风暴细胞形成的重大龙卷风，”多斯韦尔博士说。“人工降雨会制造致命风暴还是减少顺风处的水分？当然，没有人真正知道，但是播种还在继续。”)”可推知，多斯韦尔博士提到他在1999年看到的龙卷风是为了提示人工降雨可能带来的危险。故选D。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “It would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.(考虑到质疑的程度，斯廷旺德建议，“停止人工降雨是明智的。”在实践中，怀疑产生了相反的效果。由于缺乏有关其影响的科学证据，没有人成功地赢得了对人工降雨公司的诉讼。因此，私人气候工程可以在相对合法的安全条件下进行)”可推知，从最后一段我们能推断出人工降雨公司将继续存在。故选B。 （三） （2022·浙江·高考真题）阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics 8 are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane   9 （view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. But Cobb and others 10 （be） now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and 11 （change） their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, 12 （rough） 200 academics - many of them climate scientists 13 （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. Cobb, for her part, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak 14 she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of 15 time, they agreed. When the answer, was no, she, declined the 16 （invite）. That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans 17 （continue） the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding. ", she says, "a really positive change." 【答案速查】 8．who/that 9．is viewed/has been viewed 10．are 11．changing 12．roughly 13．have promised 14．whether/if 15．the 16．invitation 17．to continue 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个由学者团体发行的实践，目的是为了减少学术飞行以应对气候变化危机。 8．考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/who。 9．考查被动语态。句意：对科学家而言，旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来相聚并交流信息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知，动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系，故填is viewed或has been viewed。 10．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。根据句意可知，此处也应使用现在进行时，主语为复数，故填are。 11．考查时态。句意：但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。分析句子结构可知，此处and连接并列的动词questioning和change，故填changing。 12．考查副词。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。此处修饰数字用副词roughly“粗略地大约”，故填roughly。 13．考查时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，故填have promised。 14．考查宾语从句。句意：对于她的出席，Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显然ask后面出现了一个宾语从句，宾语从句句意不完整，whether/if“是否”符合语境，故填whether或if。 15．考查冠词。句意：大约有四分之三的时间，他们同意了。此处特指Cobb询问的时间范围内，故填the。 16．考查名词。句意：当答案是否定的时候，她拒绝了那个邀请。此处需填入名词作动词decline的宾语，故填invitation。 17．考查动词不定式。句意：他打算继续这个实践。动词plan后面跟动词不定式，plan to do sth“计划做”，故填to continue。 （2022·全国甲卷）你校将以六月八日世界海洋日为主题，举办英语征文比赛，请你写一篇短文投稿。 内容包括： 1. 海洋的重要性； 2. 保护海洋的倡议。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 短文的题目和首句已为你写好。 Our oceans, our responsibility June 8th was named by the UN in 2009 as World Oceans Day... ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Our oceans, our responsibility       June 8th was named by the UN in 2009 as World Oceans Day. When it comes to ocean, its pollution is becoming more and more serious. World Ocean Day, falling on June 8th, is aimed at raising awareness of ocean conservation. Ocean plays a key role in our world. Not only does ocean offer us sufficient food, but also it maintains the balance of nature. Thus, it is imperative to protect ocean. First of all, what we can do is to place importance on our daily actions. For example, garbage can’t be thrown into ocean. What’s more, we can also hand out leaflets to call on more people to protect the ocean. The more people are involved, the better the ocean environment is. All in all, it is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting ocean. To protect ocean is to protect ourselves. 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，就世界海洋日为主题向英文征文比赛投稿，阐述海洋的重要性并提出一些建议。 【详解】1.词汇积累 越来越：more and more→increasingly 重视：place importance on→attach importance to 重要的：key→significant 此外：what’s more→furthermore 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：World Ocean Day, falling on June 8th, is aimed at raising awareness of ocean conservation. 拓展句：World Ocean Day, which falls on June 8th, is aimed at raising awareness of ocean conservation. 【点睛】[高分句型1]Not only does ocean offer us sufficient food, but also it maintains the balance of nature.(运用了部分倒装结构) [高分句型2]When it comes to ocean, its pollution is becoming more and more serious.(使用了固定句型) [高分句型3]First of all, what we can do is to place importance on our daily actions.(使用了主语从句) ( 4 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$