小升初代词（讲义）-2023-2024学年译林版（三起）英语六年级下册

代词 概 述 适用学科 小学英语 适用年级 六年级 适用区域 通用版 课时时长（分钟） 120 知识点 代词 教学目标 学会区分并且使用代词 教学重点 1. 人称代词 物主代词 2. 指示代词 教学难点 1.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的运用 2.指示代词的运用 教学过程 一、导入 观察下列句子 1.-Mary, is this your bag? -Yes, it is. (下划线单词it代替the bag)。 2.I didn’t put my shoes away. This made my mother angry.(This 代替前面“I didn’t put my shoes away”) 3.Here are two bags. One is mine, the other is hers.(mine相当于my bag, hers相当于her bags.) 4.Whose pencils are those in the pencil case? (whose 在这表示谁的) 5.These are your gifts. (these表示那些) 从上述句子中我们会发现，句子下划线的词，都是用来代指上文中已经出现过的名词。 下划线单词均为代词。 二、知识讲解 知识点1 1、 代词的含义：代替名词及代替起名词作用的短语、分词和句子。 2、 代词的分类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、指示代词及疑问代词。 3、 代词的用法： 人称代词 定义：人称代词是为了避免重复，用来代替前面提到过的人。 人称代词的基本形式见下表： 格 人称 单数 复数 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 第一人称 I me we us 第二人称 you you you you 第三人称 he him they they she her it it 从表格中得之，人称代词有主格和宾格之分，分别怎么用呢？ 我们观察下面的两个句子： They are my family. I like him. It’s me . 会发现，人称代词主格在句子中做主语，而人称代词宾格在句子中做宾语或表语。 例题1 1. _________ are students. A. Their B. They C. Them D. Theirs 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查人称代词的主格用法，B、C、D 在句子中都不可做主语，故选B选项。 例题2 2. Let’s go and help ________. A. she B. she’s C. her D. her’s 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查人称代词宾格的用法，help后面需要有宾格做动词的宾语，故选答案C。 知识点2 物主代词定义：物主代词是表示所属关系的词。 物主代词的分类：有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之分，其人称和数的变化见下表： 数 人称 单数 复数 形容词性 名词性 形容词性 名词性 第一人称 my mine our ours 第二人称 your yours your yours 第三人称 his his their theirs her hers its its 例： This is her English book. This English book is hers. 从例句中分析： 形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，修饰后面的名词。 名词性物主代词本身具有名词性质，相当于”形容词性物主代词+名词“，在句中作主格、宾格或表格。 例题1 1.______ name is Mark and _____ name is Liza. A. His ; his B. Her ; her C. She ; he D. His ; her 【答案】D 【解析】本题考查物主代词中形容词性物主代词的用法，首先确实name是名词，使用要用名词性物主代词，Mark是一个男名，Liza是女名，故选答案D。 例题2 1. -Whose picture is it? -It’s ______. A. hers B. her C.she D. she’s 【答案】A 【解析】本题考查物主代词中名词性物主代词的用法，根据句意可知是她的照片，所以要用hers相当于her picture.故选答案A。 知识点3 1. 反身代词 定义：强调自身的代词或表示一个动作回射到这个动作的执行者本身的词称为反身代词。可翻译为“我自己”“我们自己”等。 人称 数 单数 复数 第一人称 myself ourselves 第二人称 yourself yourselves 第三人称 himself themselves herself itself 不定人称 oneself 用法1. 主语和宾语同为一人时，用反身代词。 You should take care of yourself. 2. 表强调语气 I myself can do it. 3. 常用词组 enjoy oneself dress oneself 2. 指示代词 指示代词 数 用法 this/that（这个、那个） 单数 后面接动词的单数形式 These/those（这些、那些） 复数 后面接动词的复数形式 用法： 1.this/these 是指空间上叫接近的事物 2.That/those 是指空间上较远的事物 3. 疑问代词 疑问代词 意义 替代范围 who 谁 人 Whom（who的宾格） 谁 人 whose 谁的 人 what 什么 事、物 which 哪一个 事、物 3. 不定代词 定义：不指明代替任何特定的名词或形容词的代词叫不定代词。 小学阶段涉及的主要有一下几种。 用法： 1. both VS all的用法辨析 Both表示“两者都”，谓语动词要用复数。All表示“三者或三者以上都”，后面接复数名词是时。谓语动词用复数形式，后面接不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数。 例如：Both of you are right. 你们俩都是对的 All students are right. 所有的学生（最少三个）都正确 2. some VS any的用法 Some和any都有“一些”的意思。Some通常用于肯定句中，any用于否定和疑问句中。但是表示请求或建议，希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中，some不变any。 There are some trees in the garden. Are there any trees in the garden? 3. many VS much的区别 Many后面接可数名词，much后面接不可数名词，much作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 4.Few , a few , little , a little的区别 a few(肯定) 意思 一些，若干 用于可数名词 few（否定） 几乎没有 a little（肯定） 一些，有点儿 用于不可数名词 little（否定） 几乎没有 例句： Few of my friends were there. 我的朋友中几乎没有人在那里。 A few of the men wore hats. 这些男人中有几个戴着帽子。 I have little food to eat.我几乎没东西可吃。 Would you like a little tea? 你想喝点茶吗？ 例题1 1. I made it by ______. (my) 【答案】myself 【解析】本题考查反身代词的用法，根据句意可知是我做这个用过我自己，所以用myself。 例题2 2. _______ a book, and ________ are bags. A. This is ; that B. That is ; this C. Those are ; these D.This is ; those 【答案】D 【解析】本题考查指示代词的用法，根据第一空a book可知是单数名词故排除答案C，根据第二空可知bags为复数名词，故选D 选项。 例题3 3. _______ sweater is this? - It’s Mike’s. A. Who’s B. Whose C. What D. Which 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查疑问代词的用法，根据回答可知毛衣是Mike的，所以应该选B选项，表示谁的。 例题4 4. This math problem is not so difficult that only _______ students can work it out. A. a few B. a little C. few D. little 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查不定代词的用法，首先确定横线后面的名词students为可数名词，所以要用few,a few ，根据题意可知“数学题太难，以至于没有人可以做出来“在这里表否定，故选答案C. 三 、课堂运用 1. We are pupils. _______ bags are new. A. Your B. Their C. Hers D. Our 2. _______ pants are these？ --Peter’s. A. Whose B. Which C. What D. Who 3. The meal is very delicious . Help ______. A. you B. myself C. yourself D. my 4. Miss Li is teaching _______ Chinese. A. Their B. them C. their D. theirs 5. ______ is time for us to go to help the old people in hospital. A. This B. That C. It D. She 能力提升 1. It isn’t ____ pen. It is _____. A. my ; her B. my ; hers C. me ; her D. me ; hers 2. _____ season do you like best? A. What B. Which C. How D. Whose 3. There are many flowers on the ______ sides of the street. A. Each B. Both C. All D. Either 4. Would you like ____ dumplings? -Yes, please. A. Some B. any C. little D. a little 5. On Sunday , I didn’t want to do ______. A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything 四、口语训练营 Everybody’s business is nobody’s business     There are four people named everybody, somebody, anybody and nobody. There was an important job to be done and everybody was asked to do it. Everybody was sure that somebody would do it. Anybody could have done it, but nobody did it. Some body got angry about that because it was everybody’s job. Everybody thought anybody could do it, but nobody realized that everybody wouldn’t do it. It ended up that everybody blamed somebody when nobody did what anybody could have done. 有四个人分别叫做：“每个人”、“某个人”、“任何人”和“没有人”。有一次，他们每个人都要被要求去完成一件重要的工作。大家都相信某个人会去做这件事。其实，任何人都可以完成这项工作的，但就是没有人去做。某个人对此感到非常气愤，因为这是大家的任务。每个人都认为任何人可以完成这件事，但没有人认识到大家都不会去做这件事。结果呢，当没有人去做其实任何人都可以做到的事情的时候，每个人都在抱怨某个人。 五 、课堂小结 本节要学习代词的用法，我们要熟练掌握每个代词的特殊用法，这样才能避免我们在使用过程中出现不必要的错误。 重要单词、词组 句型 (1) help yourself__________ (2) work out _____________ (3) so ...that ____________ (4)形式主语结构_______________ (5) There be 句型 表示__________ 六 、课后作业 巩固 1. 按适当形式填空 1. These are ______ (he) brothers. 2. Thanks for helping _______ (I). 3. These are pencils and _______ (that) are pens. 4. “It’s going to rain”, the old man said to _______.(he) 5. Tom was sick yesterday. _______ (those) is why he missed the class. 二．选择题 1.   ________ will spend the summer holiday in Hawaii.       A. She, you and I                  B. You, she and I           C. I, you and she       D. Her, me and you 2. Are __________ coats yours?        Yes, they are .     A. they                         B. these                        C. this                   D. there  3. Between you and ________, he is not a real friend.      A. me                          B. I                                     C. he                     D. his 4. I have ______ friends here, so I feel lonely. A. Little B. a little C. few D. a few 5. ______ girl has a flower. A. Many B. All C. Each D. Other 拔高 My home is nice. I have a pet 1 and 2 name is Polly. It is a parrot(鹦鹉). I like Polly a lot. My classmate, Hu Tao, 3 a pet, too. Its mane is Bobby. It is a dog. Hu Tao 4 Bobby very much. Do you have 5 in your home? I often go to English Corner(英语角). I like 6 a lot. I speak English 7 some friends at the English Corner. 8 Hu Tao doesn’t like the English Corner. He doesn’t like English 9 . His English is 10 . So I often help him study English. ( )1. A. in my school B. in my home C. in school D. in home ( )2. A. it’s B. it C. its D. your ( )3. A. is B. like C. has D. have ( )4. A. like B. likes C. looks like D. look like ( )5. A. flowers B. a bike C. a friend D. a pet ( )6. A. it B. its C. his D. it’s ( )7. A. after B. with C. in D. of ( )8. A. And B. So C. Or D. But ( )9. A. at all B. much C. little D. all ( )10. A. good B. OK C. poor D. nice 七 、教学反思 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$