Unit5 Section1 Starting out & Understanding ideas(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（外研版2019）

Ⅰ.单词拼写 1. The girl was sitting on the bench in the park, burying　(将……埋在下面) her head in the book in her hands. 2．Right after the boy was rescued by the soldiers from the ruins　(废墟), he saluted and smiled to them. 3．The forests disappeared gradually due to the rapid expansion　(扩大) of agriculture. 4．With the development of astronomy　(天文学), people know more about the fundamental theory of climate, atmosphere and the globe. 5．He was so irresponsible that the manager decided to dismiss　(开除) him. 6．I prefer the tour along the Yangtze River, the longest river in China and one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilisation　(文明). 7．As we all know, the Panama Canal　(运河) plays a very important role in transportation. 8．It is generally agreed that the economic crisis led to the downfall　(衰败) of the country. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．With the expansion (expand) of cities, many people sold off their old houses in the countryside and moved into new flats in cities. 2．Today there are still castles all over the country.Some are in ruins　(ruin).But some built later are still in good repair and used even today. 3．Give each picture a number corresponding　(correspond) to its position on the page. 4．Since its introduction, the Beidou Navigation Satellite System has been applied (apply)to everyday life, from shared bikes to farming. 5．We missed the train, and on top of that I left my wallet at home. 6．He was dismissed (dismiss) because he didn't achieve the aim of increasing sales they had set. 7．When I got into the office, I found Mr Green buried (bury) in his work, without noticing my arrival. 8．I don't know why so many applicants have handed in their applications to apply for such an easy job.(apply) 9．As we know, the British Empire was at its peak in the mid­19th century. 10．We saw abandoned (abandon) farms which were built more than a hundred years ago. Ⅲ.完成句子 1．你不能把工作做了一半就回家。(leave＋宾语＋宾补) You can't just leave the work half done and go back home. 2．旨在提高学生的听说能力，这项活动很受欢迎。(过去分词短语作状语) 　Aimed at improving the students' ability of listening and speaking　， this activity is very popular. 3．无论我购买什么，我都倾向于咨询消费排名。(whatever引导让步状语从句) I tend to consult the consumption ratings whatever I purchase　. Ⅳ.课文语法填空 Maya civilisation 1.　has been surrounded　(surround)by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century.The Maya built 2.　impressive (impress) palaces and temples without the use of wheels, metal tools or even animal power.The Maya's 3.　understanding (understand) of mathematics and astronomy was also quite amazing and it was applied 4.　to the Maya calendar.On top of all this was an achievement unique in the Americas at that time: a true writing system. The fact 5.　that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious.By 700 AD, Maya civilisation was at its peak.Yet, within just a couple of 6.　generations (generation), it began to mysteriously decline.Some research seems 7.　to indicate (indicate) that the Maya people 8.　themselves (they) may have played a part in their downfall.They had turned wetlands into fields for growing grains, and had dug huge canal systems.By changing the landscape in this way, it is possible that the Maya people 9.　unknowingly (unknowing) reduced their ability to deal with natural disasters.Research also suggests that those natural disasters may have led to the decline of the Maya. Whatever the reasons, the rise and fall of this civilization must leave us 10.　thinking (think) about our own past, present and future. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A When Stephen Mills spotted a dusty old safe in a museum in Canada, he thought he'd try to crack the code (破解密码), “just like in the movies”．But when he began turning the dial，　he wasn't expecting a Hollywood ending　. For years, anyone who visited the Vermillion Heritage Museum in Alberta would have passed by a large, black metal box.Staff knew it had come from the long­gone Brunswick Hotel and was donated to the museum in the 1990s, but its code and contents remained a mystery for decades—until Mills unexpectedly cracked the code. Mills, who lived in Fort McMurray, Alberta, was visiting the museum with his family last month over a holiday weekend.As they wandered around the exhibits with the museum guide, Tom Kibblewhite, they spotted the safe. Kibblewhite told the family what he had told all other guests: the 900 kg black box with a silver dial had remained closed for decades.For years, the safe has intrigued volunteers at the museum.The manufacturer was unable to provide advice on how to open its thick door. A locksmith (锁匠) once suggested that years of inactivity might have slowed down the gears(齿轮), making it inoperable.But Mills, who is a “mechanically­minded person”， asked whether he could give it a try.“Kibblewhite kept saying no one had opened it and that it was a mystery what was inside，” Mills said.“I thought this would be a great thing to do for a laugh for the kids.Maybe they can find some interesting historical things in it—like a time capsule(时空胶囊).” After pressing his ear against the cool metal, he began spinning the dial.With numbers ranging from 0 to 60, he turned clockwise(顺时针方向地) three times to 20, counterclockwise two times to 40, and then clockwise one time to 60.He was astonished to hear a click.“I jumped up and told everyone I was buying a lottery ticket，” he said. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了博物馆中的一个几十年都无法打开的保险箱竟然被一位游客轻易打开的故事。 1．What does the underlined part in the first paragraph mean? A．He didn't think he would open the safe. B．The museum trip was like a Hollywood film. C．He didn't want to turn the dial in the beginning. D．It was unbelievable for him to win the lottery in the end. 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“When Stephen Mills spotted a dusty old safe (保险箱) in a museum in Canada, he thought he'd try to crack the code (破解密码), ‘just like in the movies’．”可知，当米尔斯在加拿大的一个博物馆里发现一个满是灰尘的旧保险箱时，他想试试破解密码，“就像电影里演的那样”。再根据第二段中的“until Mills unexpectedly cracked the code”可知，米尔斯意外破解了密码。由此可知，画线部分(他没指望会有个好莱坞式的结局)指的是他没有想到自己会破解密码，打开保险箱。故选A。 答案　A 2．What do we know about the safe? A．The dial on the safe was broken. B．It is a donation from a rich businessman. C．It has been long closed since it was brought to the museum. D．It is one of the most valuable exhibits ever in the museum. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Staff knew it had come from the long­gone Brunswick Hotel and was donated to the museum in the 1990s, but its code and contents remained a mystery for decades—until Mills unexpectedly cracked the code.”可知，这个保险箱来自消失已久的不伦瑞克酒店，在20世纪90年代被捐赠给了这个博物馆，但它的密码和里面的东西几十年来一直是个谜，直到米尔斯意外破解了密码。由此可知，自从它被带到博物馆很长时间以来一直都是关闭着的。故选C。 答案　C 3．What's the author's purpose in writing the text? A．To tell people an interesting story. B．To inform people how to open a safe. C．To promote the tourism of the museum. D．To encourage people to learn the mechanism. 解析　推理判断题。文章主要讲述了一位游客意外打开了博物馆中的一个很长时间都无法打开的保险箱。由此可推断，作者写本文就是为了给我们讲述一个有趣的故事。故选A。文章不是侧重告诉读者如何打开保险箱，也不是为了促进博物馆的旅游或鼓励人们学习机械知识，故B、C、D项不正确。 答案　A 4．What does the story tell us? A．A safe is not always that “safe”． B．Life is just full of surprises. C．Success is for the prepared ones. D．Everyone can do something great. 解析　主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“Staff knew...its code and contents remained a mystery for decades—until Mills unexpectedly cracked the code.”可知，该保险箱的密码和里面的东西几十年来一直是个谜，直到米尔斯意外破解了密码；再结合文章主要讲述了博物馆中的一个几十年都无法打开的保险箱竟然被一位游客意外打开的故事可推断出，文章告诉我们生活充满了惊喜。故选B。 答案　B B The ancient Herculaneum scrolls (卷轴) are thought to contain works of important thinkers in ancient Greece.But the scrolls can't be unrolled.Even a light wind threatens to reduce them to dust.The reason is that they were turned into carbon by a natural disaster in A．D.79. But now researchers from the University of Kentucky have found a way to look inside the scrolls without having to touch them.They first create a light that is 10 billion times brighter than the sun by taking advantage of a machine.Then they will use the light to go through the Herculaneum scrolls to study and finally read the words recorded on the scrolls.Researchers think it might take them six months to read the scrolls. This isn't the first time researchers have tried to read the Herculaneum scrolls.Several years ago scientists from the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility(ESRF) worked on uncovering the mystery using an X­ray beam 100 billion times brighter than anything used in a hospital.This didn't allow scientists to actually read the scrolls, but it allowed them to make one surprising discovery.The scrolls were written in metallic ink, a writing technology that scientists didn't know existed at the time the scrolls were penned. “For a long time, we thought our studies have let us know everything about the ancient ink used to write on scrolls.Now we find it's not the case.This shows that we should tell ourselves it may not be true when thinking we fully know something once some research is done，” said Daniel Delattre, one of the study's authors. The finding wasn't just a historical interest.To learn just how special these scrolls are, consider that the thinker Chrysippus in ancient Greece is said to have written over 70 works; but all are lost, with the exception of a few works found in the Herculaneum scrolls.In other words, it's possible that these scrolls represent the only existing complete works left by this great thinker.And who knows what other great works could exist in the scrolls? [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了赫库兰尼姆卷轴被认为包含了古希腊重要思想家的作品，因为它们在公元79年的一场自然灾害中变成了碳，所以不能供人们长时间地阅读。但是研究人员利用机器制造出比太阳亮100亿倍的光，使其穿过赫库兰尼姆卷轴来阅读这些卷轴里的内容。 5．What do we know about the Herculaneum scrolls? A．They were damaged by people in A．D.79. B．They're impossible to read for a long time. C．They have been poorly kept in the past few years. D．They can be easily found in the libraries at present. 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段可知，赫库兰尼姆卷轴被认为包含了古希腊重要思想家的作品。但卷轴无法展开。即使是微风也有可能使它们化为尘土。原因是它们在公元79年的一场自然灾害中变成了碳。由此可知，赫库兰尼姆卷轴不能供人们长时间地阅读。故选B。 答案　B 6．What's paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The reasons why scientists create a powerful light. B．The new method to read the Herculaneum scrolls. C．The comparisons of the man­made light with the sunlight. D．The advantages of using machine to study the Herculaneum scrolls. 解析　段落大意题。根据第二段第一句可知，现在肯塔基大学的研究人员发现了一种不用触摸就能看到卷轴内部内容的方法。由此可知，第二段主要介绍的是读取赫库兰尼姆卷轴内容的新方法。故选B。 答案　B 7．What achievement did the ESRF's scientists make? A．Creating a kind of ink similar to the ancient one. B．Finding more about the ancient way to record information. C．Showing the paper material used for the Herculaneum scrolls. D．Making clear some words written in the Herculaneum scrolls. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，这些卷轴是用金属墨水书写的，科学家并不知道在书写卷轴的时候有这种书写技术的存在；根据第四段“这表明我们应该告诉自己，我们一做完某些研究就认为自己完全知道了某些事情的态度可能是不对的。”可知，ESRF的科学家更多地了解了古代的信息记录方式。故选B。 答案　B 8．Why are Chrysippus' works mentioned in the last paragraph? A．To show the Herculaneum scrolls are probably of great value. B．To show the thoughts of ancient thinkers are widely spread. C．To show the Herculaneum scrolls are recognized by different writers. D．To show the culture of ancient Greece helps us know its situation then. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，这一发现不仅具有历史意义，可能代表了这位伟大思想家留下的仅有的完整著作。谁知道卷轴中还可能存在哪些其他伟大的著作？由此可知，本段提到了克吕西普的作品是为了展示赫库兰尼姆卷轴可能很有价值。故选A。 答案　A Ⅱ.完形填空 Matt Stutzman is one of the top­ranked bowmen (弓箭手) in the USA.“The last time we looked into it，1% of bowmen in the world made a 1 from archery，”he said.“January of 2010 was when I 2 to be the best bowman in the world.And by 2012，I went to my first game，and won silver！”And he did it all with his feet. Stutzman was born without arms.“I couldn't find 3 ，”he said.“I was pretty 4 because nobody would give me a chance to 5 myself.” In 2009，in a deer season in Iowa，he thought if he could teach himself how to 6 an arrow, maybe he could at least 7 a deer and support his family.He said，“I went out and got the 8 bow I could find，and I actually shot a deer 9 ．I was excited.” “I started archery just to 10 my family.But now I've seen it's much 11 ．When someone with a disability comes up to me saying they saw me do this or that，and now they can do that，then it makes me feel 12 about myself，”he said.“The feeling is better than 13 ．The best bowman in the world is somebody who 14 the sport and makes it better，or changes people that 15 what you do and makes them better.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了马特·斯塔茨曼虽生来没有手臂但后来通过自己的努力成为美国顶级的弓箭手之一的故事。他的成就和励志精神影响着一大批像他一样残疾的人们。 1．A.sacrifice B．deal C．living D．habit 解析　句意为：他说：“我们上次调查时，世界上1%的弓箭手靠射箭谋生。”由下文第三段的内容和第10题所在句可知选C项。make a living 意为“谋生”，是固定搭配。 答案　C 2．A.agreed B．decided C．needed D．remembered 解析　句意：2010年1月，我决定成为世界上最好的弓箭手。根据后句“And by 2012，I went to my first game, and won silver！”可知，2010 年，他决定成为最厉害的弓箭手。decide to do sth意为“决定做某事”，是固定搭配。故选 B项。 答案　B 3．A.friends B．work C．money D．hobbies 解析　句意：“我找不到工作，”他说。根据前一句内容和常识可知，因为斯塔茨曼生来就没有手臂，天生残疾，所以不容易找到工作。故选B项。 答案　B 4．A.frustrated B．puzzled C．frightened D．bored 解析　句意：我很沮丧，因为没有人会给我机会证明自己。由上文“Stutzman was born without arms.”可知，他天生残疾，没有机会证明自己，应该是非常沮丧。故选A项。 答案　A 5．A.enjoy B．behave C．respect D．prove 解析　句意见上一题解析。结合后文内容可知，他是想证明自己虽然残疾，但也能有所作为。故选 D项。 答案　D 6．A.pull B．perform C．raise D．shoot 解析　句意：2009年，在艾奥瓦州的一个猎鹿季，他想，如果他能自学如何射箭，也许他至少可以猎一只鹿养家糊口。结合后文“I actually shot a deer”可知，此处表达“射箭”。故选 D 项。 答案　D 7．A.protect B．adopt C．hunt D．meet 解析　句意见上一题解析。由后文“shot a deer”可知此处表示“猎鹿”，故选C项。 答案　C 8．A.widest B．longest C．heaviest D．cheapest 解析　句意：他说：“我出去买了我能找到的最便宜的弓，我确实成功地射中了一只鹿，这让我很激动。”由第二段内容和本段中的“maybe he could at least a deer and support his family”可知，他没有工作，想靠猎鹿来养家糊口，家里应是非常贫困，所以他要买最便宜的弓。故选D项。 答案　D 9．A.bravely B．sadly C．secretly D．successfully 解析　句意见上一题解析。由后文“I was excited.”可知，他应该是成功射中了一只鹿。故选 D项。 答案　D 10．A.feed B．entertain C．satisfy D．reward 解析　句意：我开始射箭只是为了养家糊口。feed意为“养活”；entertain意为“招待”；satisfy意为“使满意”；reward意为“奖励”。此处相当于上文的“support his family(养家糊口)”。故选A项。 答案　A 11．A.smaller B．bigger C．lighter D．better 解析　此句暗含斯塔茨曼在一次成功后有了更大的想法，和后文叙述他影响身边人是相联系的。故选B项。 答案　B 12．A.nervous B．safe C．good D．modest 解析　句意：当一个残疾人走过来对我说，他们看到我这样或那样做，现在他们可以那样做了，这让我对自己感觉很好……本句暗含斯塔茨曼的付出得到了认可，也在影响其他残疾人，这让他感觉良好。故选 C项。 答案　C 13．A.winning B．failing C．stopping D．laughing 解析　句意：这种感觉比胜利更好。由上文“When someone with a disability comes up to me saying they saw me do this or that, and now they can do that...”可知，这种认可比获奖更开心。故选A项。 答案　A 14．A.prefers B．changes C．organises D．prepares 解析　句意：世界上最好的弓箭手是改变这项运动并让它变得更好的人，或者是改变那些看到你的所作所为并让他们变得更好的人。结合下文“or changes people”可知，change为原词复现，符合语境。故选B项。 答案　B 15．A.watch B．admit C．record D．help 解析　句意见上一题解析。结合上文“When someone with a disability comes up to me saying they saw me do this or that”可知，斯塔茨曼的努力影响了那些看他做事的人。故选A项。 答案　A 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$