Unit4 Section1 Starting out & Understanding ideas(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（外研版2019）

Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．The weather was so hot that the farmer had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead　(前额) while working in the field. 2．Sarah Lynn, an educational consultant　(顾问) and teacher, thinks English learners can improve their ability to remember and use new words by testing themselves. 3．I was happy just to get the book published.Winning the prize was an added bonus　(奖金). 4．It is necessary to improve our worldwide distribution　(经销) systems to attract more consumers. 5．He told me he was feeling dizzy　(头晕目眩的) and asked me to call an ambulance for him. 6．She was appointed to chairwoman　(女主席) of the education committee, which was beyond expectation. 7．There was a blank　(茫然的) look on his face because he did not know the answer. 8．I'm writing to make a complaint about a pair of sneakers I recently purchased　(购买) from your website. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．Efforts should be made to balance medical resources in different areas so that more people will have access to affordable health care. 2．Under the guidance (guide) of my teacher, I won the first prize in the English Speech Contest. 3．Wide and clean road, row upon row of high­rises and fresh air after rain, the spring in Jinan gives you the sign of modern new district. 4．He made up his mind to accumulate　(accumulate) many happy experiences so that when he retired he could look back on his life with satisfaction. 5．Many college graduates started out in low­level jobs with low starting salaries, while some made great achievements several years later. 6．Mankind is exploring space in the hope of finding out more about the universe. 7．People who are positive have the potential to live　(live) a much happier life than those who are negative. 8．Rose contacted her consultant　(consult) at once to consult with him about her financial difficulty. 9．Some enterprising (enterprise)members in the company found ways of reducing their expenses or raising their incomes. 10．They find the cultures are certainly a world away from the ones they read about in their textbooks. Ⅲ.完成句子/句式升级 1．老实说，正是我们对生活的态度决定了我们的幸福。(强调句型) Honestly，　it is our attitude to/towards life that determines our happiness. 2．我们建议立即采取措施解决这个环境问题。(advise) We advise that measures (should)be taken at once to solve the environmental problem. 3．If weather permits, we are going to play football this afternoon. →　Weather permitting　， we are going to play football this afternoon.(独立主格) Ⅳ.课文语法填空 Zhang Yue once paid little attention 1.　to roses even though she grew up with them.It was only after graduating from university overseas that Zhang decided to return to her home town and grow roses, 2.　which surprised many people.So far she 3.　has overcome (overcome) a number of obstacles in nursing her business to the success it is today.After she went on TV, a major Asian manufacturer of cosmetics was willing 4.　to purchase (purchase)her product and help with its distribution, which helped her earn the locals' trust.“Now my product is one of the best in Asia.This year, I can pay all my fellow workers 5.　a decent bonus，” says Zhang. Zhang is not the only young person to have been bitten by the start­up bug.An increasing number of 6.　enterprising (enterprise) young people are thinking of starting their own businesses.The majority meet with rejection while a few, like Zhang Yue, 7.　are (be) lucky enough to get investment and the all­important input and support.Though 8.　welcoming (welcome) the new entrepreneurial spirit, she advises that people be realistic and seek professional 9.　guidance (guide) before rushing into things.“What 10.　really (real)matters is a sound business plan, access to capital, and good management and negotiating skills，” she says. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Blake Mycoskie set up five businesses, but later he sold them all at a profit.Feeling a bit burned out from work, Mycoskie decided to give it a break for a while and headed down to Argentina for some rest.But rest isn't really part of a businessman's make­up.It's in their nature to keep having good business ideas. On a visit to a village outside Buenos Aires, he was shocked to see that many children didn't have any shoes or, if they did, the shoes were badly worn.Since shoes—particularly the local farmers' canvas(帆布的)shoes—can be bought cheaply in Argentina, Mycoskie's first instinct(本能) was to set up a charity to donate shoes to the children.But after giving it some thought, he realized that this was not a model that would work.One pair of shoes per child would not make that much difference, because they wear out(磨损).And if he asked people to donate repeatedly —to provide new shoes for the same child every six months—the donors' sympathy(同情)for the cause might also wear out pretty quickly. Instead he came up with the idea of “TOMS: one­for­one shoes”．He would take the canvas shoe to America, manufacture it and sell it as a high end fashion item at around $ 50 a pair.For each pair he sold he would donate one pair to shoeless village children.That way he could guarantee a continual supply. Several years on, the business is very successful, supplying shoes not only to children in Argentina but also other parts of the world.But can the one­for­one model be repeated with other products? Mycoskie is doubtful.TOMS is a for­profit business, but does not yet make a profit.He says one­for­one is not an offer that you can just add to your existing business model.You have to build it from the beginning. Some would also argue that the charity aspect is just a marketing tool, but in the end does that matter? TOMS is making a real difference to poor children all over the world and Mycoskie is enjoying being a businessman more than ever. [语篇解读]　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Blake Mycoskie一生经商无数，最后卖掉了自己的5家公司去阿根廷，本是放松身心，却又做起为穷苦孩子谋利益的生意。 1．Why did Blake Mycoskie go to Argentina? A．To go for relaxation. B．To seek business cooperation. C．To look for new business ideas. D．To learn to make canvas shoes. 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“Feeling a bit burned out from work, Mycoskie decided to give it a break for a while and headed down to Argentina for some rest.”可知，感到工作比较累，他决定放松一下，去阿根廷休息一阵。故选A。 答案　A 2．Why didn't Blake Mycoskie set up a charity? A．He wasn't interested in running a charity. B．He had no real experience of running a charity. C．A charity would make no difference to the children. D．A charity could not donate shoes to the children continually. 解析　推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后一句可知，如果他要求人们不断地为同一个孩子每六个月捐赠一双新鞋，捐赠者尽管很同情孩子们的处境，但是也是会疲倦厌烦的。故推测他没有成立慈善机构的原因就是慈善机构不可能持续地为孩子们捐赠鞋子。故选D。 答案　D 3．Why did Blake Mycoskie set up TOMS? A．To help poor children. B．To support a charity. C．To win national fame. D．To expand his business. 解析　推理判断题。根据文章第三段推测他每卖出一双鞋就给无鞋可穿的孩子们一双，这样就可以持续地为他们供应鞋子了。他建立TOMS公司是为了帮助那些穷孩子。To help poor children.(帮助那些穷孩子)符合以上说法，故选A。 答案　A 4．What do we know about TOMS? A．It has made a profit. B．It only supplies shoes to children in Argentina. C．It gives Mycoskie a sense of achievement. D．It can be a model for other kinds of products. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“TOMS is making a real difference to poor children all over the world and Mycoskie is enjoying being a businessman more than ever.”可知TOMS公司在世界范围内对贫穷孩子都是起到了一种积极的作用，Mycoskie获得了作为商人非同寻常的成就感，故推测该公司给了Mycoskie一种成就感。故选C。 答案　C B A lot of people ask this question, “Why is body language so important？” Reliable studies have shown that in the process of communication, non­verbal expression has 65% to 93% more influence than actual text.This means that “how to say” is more important than “what to say”．Of course, this does not mean that you don't need to do preparation for your interviews, nor does it mean that you can take any short cuts.On the contrary, this means that you have more things to pay attention to and prepare for. In the real workplace, body language is much more important than you think.Without proper body language, you may find yourself trapped in a circle where you can't integrate with the external environment, not to mention the difficulties in the absence of body language in the workplace. “People can often make inferences from actions, and the results of these inferences directly affect lives: for example, who will be employed and who will be promoted，”Academician Amy Cuddy said in a TV talk show.She also said that “our body language will also affect our perception ( 感知， 看法)of ourselves.When you try to make more authoritative actions, your brain will inadvertently(不经意地)receive signals and actually create an idea that you are more authoritative, so that you have more confidence in yourself”． Therefore, before interviews or important meetings, try not to lean on any object or have a hunched back.Instead, you should try to keep your body relaxed.You can even stand with a relatively authoritative posture—of course, you may need to do these things in the bathroom or places where no one could see you. Body language plays a crucial role in your job interviews, careers, and everyday life.Paying attention to body language could make impressive impacts on your behavior, which could help you achieve better results.So, every time you are nervous or feel that you can't do it, stretch your body, smile, and tell yourself, “Fake it till you become it！” [语篇解读]　本文是说明文，主要介绍身体语言在职场中的重要性，并给予读者一些建议。 5．What does paragraph 1 mainly tell us? A．What we say in a conversation is not so important. B．Practicing body language is a short cut to success. C．We should attach great importance to body language. D．Body language carries 93% of conversation messages. 解析　段落大意题。由开头提问“Why is body language so important？” 以及后续回答“Reliable studies have shown that ...and prepare for.”可知，本段主要阐述肢体语言的重要性，我们应该非常重视肢体语言。故选C。 答案　C 6．According to Amy Cuddy, why is body language important for us? A．It decides whether we are promoted. B．It influences people's impression of us. C．It makes us look more authoritative. D．It helps people understand who we are. 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段Amy Cuddy的话“People can often make inferences from actions, and the results of these inferences directly affect lives: for example, who will be employed and who will be promoted”可知，Amy Cuddy认为人们通常从肢体语言判断一个人，身体语言影响他人对我们的印象，并且这些判断结果直接影响生活，所以身体语言对我们来说很重要，因为它影响人们对我们的印象。故选B。 答案　B 7．What does the underlined word “hunched” possibly mean? A．Broken down. B．Tied behind. C．Bent forward. D．Straightened up. 解析　词义猜测题。根据下文“Instead, you should try to keep your body relaxed.You can even stand with a relatively authoritative posture ”，Instead表示转折，因此推断上文“Therefore, before interviews or important meetings, try not to lean on any object or have a hunched back” 说明站立时不要依靠任何物体或者have a hunched back，这里的“a hunched back”指“一个不好看的姿势”，因此推断画线词hunched指“弓身，弓背”。故选C。 答案　C 8．Who might be the intended readers of the passage? A．New arrivals in the workplace. B．Body language researchers. C．Working adults to be promoted. D．Viewers of a TV talk show. 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段的“In the real workplace, body language is much more important than you think”和最后一段的“Body language plays a crucial role in your job interviews, careers, and everyday life.”可知，文章探讨的是身体语言在职场中的重要性，且部分语句直接以第二人称与读者交流，给出一些建议，因此推断文章的意向读者是职场新人。故选A。 答案　A Ⅱ.完形填空 In recent weeks customers have been queuing at Donut City, starting at 4：30 a．m., to buy dozens of doughnuts(甜甜圈).Customers say the doughnuts are 1 ．But the taste is not the reason why they've been waiting in 2 to buy them. It started a few weeks ago, when customers started noticing that something was 3 ． Every day for the past 28 years, the friendly husband­and­wife 4 of Donut City—Stella and John Chhan—have stood behind the counter 5 doughnuts.But then one day, Stella Chhan wasn't there. When customers enquired, John Chhan, 62, told them Stella had fallen ill and was 6 in a nursing home.He would visit his wife once all the doughnuts were 7 ． Dawn Caviola, a 8 of Donut City, thought if enough people would buy a dozen doughnuts every morning, John Chhan could close early and go to 9 his wife. After Caviola posted the 10 on the neighborhood message board, neighbors and fans responded in a positive way.They started 11 in the dark, ordering dozens of doughnuts. Jenee Rogers has been a 12 Donut City customer for the past 20 years.She saw a local news story about the 13 to help the Chhans, which included trying to set up a GoFundMe page to 14 money to help the Chhans, but they 15 the offer.Rogers said she and all of her friends started to spread the word to go to the shop early and buy doughnuts. [语篇解读]　文章主要讲了Donut City的店主Stella生病了，她丈夫John Chhan每天卖完甜甜圈就去疗养院看她，为此他们的顾客每天很早就来排队买甜甜圈，希望John Chhan能早点收工去陪伴Stella。 1．A.cheap B．delicious C．smelly D．juicy 解析　根据下文的“the taste”可知，这些甜甜圈是美味的。故选B。 答案　B 2．A.line B．exchange C．panic D．return 解析　根据上文的“customers have been queuing at Donut City”可知，此处指的是顾客排队买。wait in line表示“排队”。故选A。 答案　A 3．A.common B．interesting C．awkward D．wrong 解析　几周前顾客发现有点不对劲。common普通的；interesting有趣的；awkward笨拙的；wrong错误的。故选D。 答案　D 4．A.customers B．neighbors C．owners D．waiters 解析　根据语境可知此处指的是Donut City的拥有者是Stella和John Chhan这对夫妇。owner拥有者，主人。故选C。 答案　C 5．A.buying B．selling C．ordering D．sending 解析　这对夫妇一直站在柜台后卖着甜甜圈。故选B。 答案　B 6．A.working B．volunteering C．recovering D．visiting 解析　John Chhan告诉顾客Stella病了，然后在疗养院恢复。故选C。 答案　C 7．A.taken out B．sold out C．called off D．put off 解析　一旦所有的甜甜圈卖出去后，他就去看望他的妻子。故选B。 答案　B 8．A.worker B．citizen C．reporter D．fan 解析　此处指Dawn Caviola是Donut City的一个粉丝。故选D。 答案　D 9．A.accompany B．praise C．encourage D．recognize 解析　如果每天早上有足够的人买他的甜甜圈，John Chhan就能早点收店去陪伴他的妻子。故选A。 答案　A 10．A.choice B．movement C．idea D．advertisement 解析 此处指Caviola把他的想法发布在邻里的信息栏。故选C。 答案　C 11．A.turning up B．putting up C．taking up D．making up 解析　他们天没亮就开始出现了，去买甜甜圈。turn up出现；put up张贴，搭建；take up开始从事；make up弥补。故选A。 答案　A 12．A.modest B．regular C．responsible D．strict 解析　Jenee Rogers在过去的20年都是这家店的常客。故选B。 答案　B 13．A.command B．courage C．effort D．ability 解析　她看到了当地人帮助Chhans这家人所做出的努力。故选C。 答案　C 14．A.raise B．earn C．save D．borrow 解析　此处指建立一个叫GoFundMe的主页筹钱帮助Chhans这家人。故选A。 答案　A 15．A.sacrificed B．advocated C．postponed D．declined 解析　根据but可知此处指但是他们拒绝了。故选D。 答案　D 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$