UNIT2 Period 1 Understanding ideas—Reading comprehension-【优化探究】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册同步导学案配套课件（外研版2019）

选择性必修第一册 Unit 2　Onwards and upwards (主题语境：人与自我——优秀品行之励志) 【单元知识目标】 重点单词 debt, pace, inform，rarely, rejection, nevertheless, classic, guarantee, worthwhile, enthusiastic, contest, upset, elect, appreciative, worthy, mere, permanent, embarrassed 重点短语 regret to do, give up, take for example, have... in common, stick... on, turn (...) down, a total of, get sth. done, dream of, be regarded as, play a part, be made up of, make sure, make use of, worthy of note, as if, apply to, pick up, be aware of 单元语法 动词-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语 单元写作 描写一次经历 【单元话题词汇】 Period 1　Understanding ideas—Reading comprehension 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 必备知识 自主学习 课时作业 巩固提升 必备知识 自主学习 Part 1　教材原文助读   ①inform/In'fɔːm/vt.通知，告知 inform sb. of/about sth.告知某人某事 inform sb. that/wh-从句 告知某人…… [词链]　inform(vt.)—informed(adj.见多识广的)—information(n.[U]消息；情报) ②dread/dred/vt.畏惧，惧怕(相当于fear) dread doing sth.害怕做某事 ③one's heart sinks某人心情沉重/情绪低落(用于表示失去信心或希望) ④rarely/'reəli/adv.难得，很少 [语用]　rarely是具有否定意义的副词，常在句中作状语。当它位于句首时，句子往往要部分倒装，即把句中的助动词、系动词等移至主语之前。用法类似的词还有never, little, seldom, hardly, nor等。 ⑤overnight/ˌəʊvə'naIt/adv.突然，一下子，一夜之间 ⑥rejection/rI'dʒekʃ(ə)n/n. [C，U]拒绝，否决 a rejection letter回绝信 reject vt.拒绝接受；不予考虑 [单词拆解]　rejection＝reject＋-ion(名词后缀，表示“……行为，……状态”) ⑦take...for example以……为例 [拓展]　与example相关的其他短语： set an example (for/to sb.)(为某人)树立榜样 follow one's example以某人为榜样，仿效某人 for example(＝for instance)例如 ⑧have... in common有……共同之处 ⑨survive on靠……生存 [近义]　live on靠(某数额的钱)生活 ⑩nevertheless/ˌnevəðə'les/adv.然而，不过 ⑪persevere/ˌpɜːsI'vIə/vi.锲而不舍，坚持不懈 persevere in (doing) sth.坚持(做)某事 [词链]　persevere(vi.)—persevering(adj.坚韧不拔的；不屈不挠的)—perseverance (n.[U]毅力) ⑫turn sb./sth. down拒绝(提议人、建议或提议) ⑬all too often有太多时候，太过频繁(表示坏事发生次数太多) ⑭criticism/'krItIsIz(ə)m/n.[U，C]批评；指责 [词链]　criticise(vt.& vi.批评)—critical(adj.批判性的)—criticism(n.)—critic(n.[C]批评家) [构词法]　-ism为名词后缀，表示“……行为(或结果)；……状态(或品质)”等。由它构成的词还有realism(n.[U]现实主义)，heroism(n.[U]英勇表现)。 ⑮struggle to do sth.努力做某事 struggle vi.努力，奋斗；斗争 ⑯manuscript/'mænjʊskrIpt/n.[C]手稿，底稿 ⑰当work on中的on是介词时，该短语表示“从事于”或“对……有作用”，可视具体语境翻译。如：work on a novel写小说；work on me对我起效。当on是副词时，该短语表示“继续工作”。 ⑱best-seller/ˌbest'selə/n.[C]畅销书；畅销产品 ⑲overall adj.全面的；综合的 ⑳go to sb.由某人得到，授予某人 ㉑in print已刊印，已出版 [拓展]　get into print被出版，被发表 out of print绝版，不再印行 ㉒then 熟词生义　adj.当时(任职等)的 ㉓classic/'klæsIk/n.[C]名著；经典作品 ㉔honour vt.尊敬；给予表扬(或奖励、头衔、称号) ㉕endurance/In'djʊərəns/n.[U](忍)耐力 endure vt.忍耐；忍受(同bear) ㉖[一词多义] industry n．[U]勤奋；勤劳 a man of industry 勤劳的人 n．[U]工业 heavy/light industry 重/轻工业 n．[C]行业 the tourist industry 旅游行业 ㉗means n．[C]方式；方法(单复数同形) ㉘end 熟词生义　n．[C]目标 ㉙guarantee/ˌɡærən'tiː/vt.保证；确保 ㉚a touch of有一点…… touch熟词生义　n．[C，usually sing.]一点儿，少许 ㉛delighted/dI'laItId/adj.愉快的，高兴的 人物小传 Robert Southey (1774－1843) was an English poet. He was Poet Laureate for 30 years. A Poet Laureate is a person who has been officially chosen to write poetry for the country's important occasions. We Regret to Inform① You... 作者把“We regret to inform you...”作为本文的标题和首句，把“We are delighted to inform you...”作为结尾句。首句和尾句在句式结构方面相同，虽然只有“regret”和“are delighted”几个单词的差别，意义却大相径庭，这也正是本文行文的妙趣之处。首句和尾句之间，作者描述了三个典型的“失败—坚持—成功”的事例，证明了如何把“We regret to inform you...”变为“We are delighted to inform you...”。 “We regret to inform you...” These are the words that every writer dreads② receiving, but words every writer knows well. The response from a publisher comes back and the writer eagerly opens and reads it, their hearts sinking③ when they reach that final sentence. You may have spent years giving up your weekends and free time to write your life's work, yet still this is often not enough. Everyone knows that success rarely④ happens overnight⑤， but perhaps not many know that a lot of highly successful writers have previously faced rejection⑥. 独立主格结构，作伴随状语。 Take for example⑦ J．K. Rowling. When she received her first rejection letter, she decided that it meant she now had something in common⑧ with her favourite writers, and stuck it on her kitchen wall. Rowling had spent years surviving on⑨ little money, spending all her time writing. When she finally finished her first book, she received comments from publishers along the lines of “too difficult for children”， “too long”， “Children would not be interested in it”. Nevertheless⑩， she persevered⑪. “I wasn't going to give up until every single publisher turned me down⑫， but I often feared that would happen，” she later posted. After a total of twelve rejections, one publisher eventually agreed to print 500 copies of her first book, and as we know, Harry Potter became a global success, with over 400 million books sold and translated into more than seventy different languages. v.-ing短语作状语。 with复合结构作状语，books与sell和translate之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。 All too often⑬ writers of great works have had to face criticism⑭ along with rejection. J．D. Salinger started writing short stories in high school, but later struggled to⑮ get his works published. “We feel that we don't know the central character well enough” was the criticism he received on his manuscript⑯ for The Catcher in the Rye. Despite rejections from several publishers, J．D. Salinger refused to give up. Even when serving in the US Army during the Second World War， he carried six chapters of The Catcher in the Rye with him and worked on⑰ the novel throughout his war service. When it was eventually published, the book became an immediate best-seller⑱ and went on to sell millions and millions of copies. “使役动词get＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，his works与publish之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。 时间状语从句的省略，其完整形式是“when he was serving...Second World War”。因主句的主语和从句的主语一致且从句谓语中包含be动词的某种形式，故省略了从句的“主语＋be”部分。 Perhaps the overall⑲ prize for perseverance should go to⑳ three sisters from Victorian England who dreamt of seeing their words in print㉑. This, however, was a time when women were not encouraged to become writers. As the then㉒ Poet Laureate, Robert Southey, wrote to one of them: “Literature cannot be the business of a woman's life, and it ought not to be.” Nevertheless, the sisters didn't stop trying. Their response was to write a book of poems under male names. Even when the book sold only two copies, the sisters still didn't give up. They started writing novels, and today Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre, Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights and Anne Brontë's Agnes Grey are regarded as classics㉓ of world literature. In fact, it is within the pages of Jane Eyre that we can find these words：“I honour㉔ endurance㉕， perseverance, industry㉖， talent; because these are the means㉗ by which men achieve great ends㉘...” 强调句型，强调地点状语“within...Jane Eyre”。 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词means。 So, it seems that talent alone isn't enough to guarantee㉙ success. While a lot of hard work and a touch of㉚ luck play a part， perseverance is the key. Keep trying and eventually you will read the words “We are delighted㉛ to inform you...” “It seems that...”句式，意为“似乎……”，可转化为“Sb./Sth. seems to do/to be doing/to have done sth.”句式。 while表示“虽然”，引导让步状语从句。 我们遗憾地通知您…… “我们遗憾地通知您……”，这些是每个作家都害怕收到的话，但又为每个作家所熟知。出版商的回复来了，作家急切地展开阅读，当他们读到最后一句时，心随即跌落谷底。你可能花了数年，放弃了周末和空闲时间去创作你的毕生作品，但这往往还不够。每个人都知道，成功很少突然降临，但也许没有多少人知道，很多卓越的作家也都曾被拒稿。 以J.K.罗琳为例。当她收到第一封回绝信时，她认为这意味着她现在和她最喜欢的作家们有了共同之处，并把它贴在了厨房的墙上。罗琳过了很多年拮据的生活，她把所有的时间都花在写作上。当她终于完成了她的第一本书时，她收到的出版商的评价却是“对孩子们来说太难了”“太长了”“孩子们不会对它感兴趣”。尽管如此，她还是坚持了下来。“我不会放弃的，除非每一位出版商都拒绝我，不过我常常担心那真的会发生。”她后来发帖子说道。在总共被拒绝了12次之后，终于有一位出版商同意出版她的第一本书并印刷了500本，之后，正如我们所知，《哈利·波特》在全球大获成功，销量超过4亿册，并被翻译成70多种不同的语言。 在被回绝的同时还要遭受批评，这在那些写出伟大作品的作家身上太普遍了。J.D.塞林格高中时开始写短篇小说，但后来他的作品却难以发表。“我们觉得我们无法充分理解主角”，这是他的《麦田里的守望者》的手稿受到的批评。尽管遭到多位出版商的拒绝，J.D.塞林格也从未放弃。甚至在第二次世界大战期间，他在美国陆军服役时，也随身带着《麦田里的守望者》的六章内容，并在整个战争服役期间致力于这部小说的修改。最终，这本书一经出版，便立即成了畅销书，卖出数百万册。 或许坚持不懈的最高荣誉应该给予英国维多利亚(女王)时代的三姐妹，她们梦想着看到自己的文字出版。然而，这是一个不鼓励女性成为作家的时代。正如当时的桂冠诗人罗伯特·骚塞写给她们其中一位的信中所说：“文学不可能也不应该成为女人一生的事业。”然而，三姐妹没有停止努力。她们的对策是用男性的名字出一本诗集。尽管这本诗集只卖出了两册，姐妹三人依旧没有放弃。她们开始写小说，如今夏洛蒂·勃朗特的《简·爱》，艾米莉·勃朗特的《呼啸山庄》和安妮·勃朗特的《阿格尼斯·格雷》都被认为是世界文学的经典作品。事实上，这正印证了我们在 《简·爱》中读到的话：“我崇尚忍耐、坚毅、勤奋和天赋；因为只有依靠这些，人们才能实现伟大的目标……” 所以，仅靠天赋似乎不足以保证获得成功。虽然艰苦的努力和少许的运气起一部分作用，但毅力才是关键。继续努力，最终你会读到这些话，“我们高兴地通知您……” Part 2　语篇研析   1．Match the main ideas to the paragraphs. A．J.D.Salinger didn't give up and his book became a best-seller. B．A lot of highly successful writers previously faced rejection. C．Perseverance is the key to success. D．J.K. Rowling kept trying and finally succeeded. E．How the Brontë sisters succeeded. Para.1_____Para.2_____Para.3_____Para.4_____Para.5_____ B D A E C 2．What's the main idea of the text? A．Success depends on talent. B．Perseverance is the key to success. C．Many famous writers have many regrets. D．Many famous writers have been treated unfairly. 答案：B 1．What can we conclude about J．K.Rowling from the second paragraph? A．She knew many famous writers had previously faced rejection. B．She got frustrated by the first rejection letter and gave up. C．Her first book of Harry Potter was published at her first attempt. D．She revised her first book following the advice of publishers. 答案：A 2．What is special about J．D.Salinger from other writers mentioned in this text? A．He had faced many rejections before his novel was published. B．He once wanted to give up trying but later changed his mind. C．He worked on his novel when serving in the army. D．His novel was not popular when it was first published. 答案：C 3．Which of the following can best describe the three Brontё sisters? A．Intelligent and considerate. B．Talented and strong-minded. C．Gentle and generous. D．Wise and ambitious. 答案：B 4．Which of the following does the writer think plays the most important part in achieving success? A．Talent.　　　　　　　 B．Hard work. C．Luck. D．Perseverance. 答案：D 1．The response from a publisher comes back and the writer eagerly opens and reads it, their hearts sinking when they reach that final sentence. [句式分析]　本句为and连接的____________句。其中their hearts sinking 为_____________，在句中作____________；when they reach that final sentence为when引导的____________从句。 并列 独立主格结构 状语 时间状语 [翻译]　_________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 出版商的回复来了，作家急切地展开阅读，当他们读到最后一句时，心随即跌落谷底。 2．When she received her first rejection letter, she decided that it meant she now had something in common with her favourite writers, and stuck it on her kitchen wall. [句式分析]　本句为主从复合句。“When she received her first rejection letter”为when引导的____________从句；主句中“that it meant...writers”为____________从句，在此从句中“she now had something in common with her favourite writers”为省略了that的____________从句。 时间状语 宾语 宾语 [翻译]　_________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 当她收到第一封回绝信时，她认为这意味着她现在和她最喜欢的作家们有了共同之处，并把它贴在了厨房的墙上。 What does every writer most dread 1.__________ (read) the comments from publishers? It's “We regret 2.____________ (inform) you...”， which will make their hearts sink. In fact, a lot of writers of great works have 3.____________(previous) faced rejection. reading to inform previously J．K. Rowling, after a total of twelve rejections, eventually got her first book Harry Potter published, which became 4.______ global success. Another famous writer J．D. Salinger persevered in working 5.__________ his novel The Catcher in the Rye despite the criticism along with rejections from several publishers and when it was eventually published, it became an immediate best­seller. The three Brontё sisters lived in the Victorian England, a time 6.__________ women were not encouraged to become writers. Although they 7._____________________ (dream) of seeing their words in print, a on when dreamed/dreamt they experienced many rejections, but they persevered and now Charlotte's Jane Eyre, Emily's Wuthering Heights and Anne's Agnes Grey 8._______________ (regard) as classics of world literature. From the stories of the above famous writers, we can learn that it was 9.______________ (persevere) that made them realize their dreams. Therefore, keep trying and eventually you'll read the words “We are 10.____________ (delight) to inform you...” are regarded perseverance delighted 课时作业 巩固提升 阅读理解 A A PhD student in Michigan defended her paper while wearing a skirt made of rejection letters she received while studying.29-year-old Caitlin Kirby printed out 17 of her rejection letters—from scholarships, academic journals, and conferences—then folded each one into a fan.She connected them in rows, and in the end she made a skirt out of these “fans” and wore it. She said that the idea behind her unique clothing item came out of a desire to normalize(使正常化) rejection and take pride in overcoming it. “The whole process of rereading those old letters and making that skirt sort of reminded me that I have to apply this idea to a lot of things to succeed，” she said. “A natural part of the process is to get rejected along the way.” Caitlin's adviser, Julie Libarkin, a professor of earth and environmental science at Michigan State University, also encourages the acceptance of failure in her students. Libarkin believes it's important for students to get into habit of applying for things, and to get used to the feeling of rejection, so she encourages them to chase after any opportunity that comes their way. If a student doesn't get the grant or the spot in an academic journal, that's okay. They'll still have learned something in the process. As for Caitlin, the rejections she received over the years have led to great things：Since her doctorate, she's won a scholarship to do further research on urban agriculture in Germany. Currently, she's a post-doctoral researcher at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. As for what the future holds? “I'm prepared to receive a few more rejection letters along the way，” she joked heartily. “Maybe I'll make a longer skirt.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了29岁的博士生凯特琳·卡比将收到的拒绝信做成了一条裙子，并希望借此告诉人们：失败是很正常的，要正确对待并从中汲取智慧。 2 3 1 4 1．What can we learn about Caitlin Kirby's rejection letters? A．She received 17 rejections in total. B．29 of her rejections were from journals. C．The rejections were connected into a fan. D．She made some rejection letters into a skirt. 答案：D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“29-year-old Caitlin Kirby printed out 17 of her rejection letters...made a skirt out of these ‘fans’ and wore it.”可知，她将收到的一些拒绝信做成了一条裙子。 2 3 1 4 2．What is Julie Libarkin's attitude towards Caitlin's action? A．Favorable.　　　　　　　 B．Ambiguous. C．Skeptical. D．Opposed. 答案：A 2 3 1 4 观点态度题。根据第三段中的“also encourages the acceptance of failure in her students”和“she encourages...comes their way”可推知，朱莉·利巴金对凯特琳的行为是赞成的。 2 3 1 4 3．Which of the following words can best describe Caitlin? A．Creative and considerate. B．Caring and determined. C．Optimistic and humorous. D．Generous and intelligent. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I'm prepared to receive a few...make a longer skirt.”可推知，凯特琳既乐观又幽默。 2 3 1 4 4．Which of the following may Caitlin agree with? A．Hard work pays off. B．Education is the entrance to success. C．Self-respect earns more respect. D．One needs to normalize failures. 答案：D 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据第二段中凯特琳所说的话“The whole process...to succeed”与“A natural part...get rejected along the way.”可知，D项和她的观点最为接近。 2 3 1 4 B After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance—curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together. Together, these deep human urges (驱策力) count for much more than ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why？Why？” Fortunately, curiosity and discontent don't have to be learned.We are born with them and need only recapture them. “The great man，” said Mencius (孟子), “is he who does not lose his child's heart.” Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires only the calm and restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied. Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake. How should you start? Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn't arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. Now she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement. One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You don't have any special ability? Most people don't; there are only a few geniuses. You don't have any time? That's good, because it's always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom's Cabin while cooking. You're too old? Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78. However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you'll never be more alive than you are at this moment. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了决定一个人能否有杰出成就的两种品质：好奇心和不满足。作者通过摆事实、讲道理等来论证自己的观点，并介绍了如何重获好奇心和不满足。 5 6 7 8 5．What does the example of Galileo tell us? A．Trial and error leads to the finding of truth. B．Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious. C．Creativity results from challenging authority. D．Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore. 答案：D 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，好奇心和不满足是取得成就的内驱力，比雄心抱负重要得多，像伽利略一样，历史上所有的杰出的名人都有好奇心，并不满足地追寻原因，由此可推知，作者举伽利略的例子是为了告诉我们伟大(的成就)来源于持久的探索欲望。 5 6 7 8 6．What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent? A．Observe the unknown around you. B．Develop a questioning mind. C．Lead a life of adventure. D．Follow the fashion. 答案：B 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，我们中的大部分人失去了童心，不再问问题，不再挑战习俗，只是随大流。从相反的角度讲，我们要重新获得好奇心和不满足就应该培养一个质疑的思想。 5 6 7 8 7．What can we learn from paragraphs 6 and 7? A．Gaining success helps you become an expert. B．The genius tends to get things done creatively. C．Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action. D．You should remain modest when approaching perfection. 答案：C 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据第七段中的“You don't have any special ability? ...who get things done.”可知，作者针对缺乏特殊才能、无时间的理由一一反驳，由此可知，缺乏天赋和时间不能成为不行动的理由。 5 6 7 8 8．What could be the best title for the text? A．Curious Minds Never Feel Contented B．Reflections on Human Nature C．The Keys to Achievement D．Never Too Late to Learn 答案：C 5 6 7 8 标题归纳题。作者在第一段提出观点“人的好奇心和不满足是取得成就的必备品质”，下文围绕该观点展开讨论，作者通过摆事实、讲道理等来论证自己的观点，并介绍了如何重获好奇心和不满足。所以C项“成就的关键”可作为本文最佳标题。 5 6 7 8 $$