必修二Unit 4 Exploring literature 强基固本-2025届新高考英语一轮复习强基固本能力提升(译林版2020)

必修二Unit 4 Exploring literature 强基固本 一、全部单词 序 号 原词 词性、词意 词性/形转换 1 devote v.把……奉献，把……专用 devotion n.挚爱，奉献，忠诚，专心 devoted adj.忠诚的，忠实的，全心全意的，挚爱的 2 *earnest adj.非常认真的；诚实的，真诚的 (adv. earnestly) earnestness n.认真，诚挚 3 *butterfly n.蝴蝶 4 literature n.文学，文学作品 literary adj.文学的；书面的；精通文学的 literate adj.受过教育的；精通文学的 literacy n.读写能力；精通文学 literate n.学者 5 *shell n.贝壳；壳 6 appeal vi.有吸引力；申诉；呼吁 n.吸引力；申诉；呼吁 appealing adj.有吸引力的，有感染力的，令人感兴趣的 7 determine vt.确定；支配；决心 vi.决心 determined adj.意志坚定的，下定决心的 determination n.决心，决定，果断 8 significant adj.有重要意义的，显著的 (adv. significantly) significance n.意义；重要性 insignificant adj.微不足道的；无足轻重的 9 description n.描述，形容，说明 describe vt.描写；形容；描绘 10 sensitive adj.感觉敏锐的；体贴的；敏感的；灵敏的 sense n.感觉，意识；v.感觉到，觉察到，意识到 sensible adj.有感觉的，明智的 senseless adj.无意义的，无目的的，失去知觉，不明智的，愚蠢的 sensitivity n.敏感 11 soul n.灵魂；心性，内心 12 reflect vt.& vi.反映，显示；映出(影像)；反射(声、光、热等)；沉思 reflection n.反映；思考；(声、光、热等的)反射；映像 reflective adj.反映的，反射的，沉思的 (adv. reflectively) 13 capable adj.有能力，有才能；能力强的 capability n.能力，才能，性能，容量 incapable adj.没有能力的 14 awaken vt.& vi.唤起，被唤起；(使)醒来 awake adj.醒着的 vt. & vi. (使)醒来 15 launch vt.使(船)下水；开始从事，发动 launcher n.发射器；发射台；发射者 16 permanence n.永久，持久性 permanent adj.永久的，永恒的，长久的 (adv. permanently) 17 contain vt.包含，含有，容纳 container n.容器，集装箱，货柜 18 element n.要素，基本部分 19 universal adj.普遍的，共同的；普遍存在的 universally adv.普遍地，共同地，一致universe n.宇宙，世界，领域 20 summary n.总结，概括，概要 summarize v.总结，概述 sum vt. & vi.总结，概括 n.总数，金额 21 feature n.特色，特征 vt.以……为特色，是……的特征 22 author n.作者，作家 23 therefore adv.因此，所以 24 issue n.重要议题，争论的问题；问题，担忧；(报刊)一期 vt.宣布，公布 25 novel n.(长篇)小说 novelist n.小说家 26 upper adj.上部的；上面的 27 gap n.差距；间隙 28 context n.(事情发生的)背景，环境，来龙去脉；上下文，语境 29 specific adj.特定的；明确的，具体的 specifically adv.具体地，明确地，特别地 30 particular adj.特别的，格外的；特指的；挑剔的 particularly adv.尤其，特别 31 topic n.话题；题目；标题 32 collection n.(同类)收藏品；作品集；募捐 collect vt.收集，募捐 collector n.收集者，收藏家 collective adj.共同的，集体的 33 section n.部分，部门；部件，散件 34 mean adj.吝啬的，小气的；不善良的，刻薄的 35 transport vt.运输，运送 n.交通运输系统；交通车辆；运输 transportation n.运输；运输系统；运输工具；流放 transporter n.运输车，运输机，输送机 36 turkey n.火鸡；火鸡肉 37 generosity n.慷慨，大方，宽宏大量 generous adj.慷慨的；大方的 (adv.generously) ungenerous adj.吝啬的，心胸狭窄的 38 chapter n.章节 ；篇章 39 poetry n.诗集，诗歌 poet n.诗人 poem n.诗 poetic adj.诗歌的，诗意的，诗情画意的 40 stage n.舞台；阶段；步骤 vt.上演，举办 41 *autobiography n.自传 autobiographical adj.自传的；自传体的；自传作家的 autobiographer n.自传作者 42 *biography n.传记，传记作品 43 extremely adv.极其，非常，极端 extreme adj.极其的；极端的 44 destroy vt.摧毁，毁灭，破坏 destruction n.毁灭，破坏 destructive adj.毁灭性的，破坏性的 destructiveness.n.毁灭性，破坏性destroyer n.破坏者，毁灭者；驱逐舰 45 defeat vt.击败，战胜 n.失败，战败；击败 46 attempt vt.& n.努力，尝试，试图 attempted adj.企图的，未遂的 47 straighten vt.挺直；(使)变直，变正 straight adj.直的；连续的 adv.直接地，坦率地 48 *strain n.用劲，使力；压力，拉力；重负 49 alongside adv.在……旁边；与……一起 50 *accomplish vt.完成 accomplishment n.完成，成就，技艺 accomplishable adj.可完成的；可达成的 accomplished adj.被完成的；熟练的，才华高的，技艺高超的 51 noble adj.贵族的，高贵的；崇高的；宏伟的 nobility n.贵族，高贵的品质 52 confused adj.糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的 confusing adj.令人困惑的 confuse vt.使困惑(迷惑不解) confusion n.困惑，混淆 53 *weave vi.& vt.(weaved, weaved)迂回行进，穿行；(wove, woven) 编 54 *mushy adj.糊状的，软而稠的 55 flash n.闪光；闪现 vt.& vi.(使)闪光；(使)闪现 二、重要短语 序 号 英语短语 汉语意义 1 appeal to 有吸引力，有感染力，引起兴趣，对……有吸引力；向……呼吁 2 be/become capable of 有能力，能够 3 be on the point of (doing sth.) 即将……之时，正要……的时候(正要做某事) 拓展 be on the point of doing ..when(时间状语从句) at one point off the point to the point There is no point(in)doing sth. 正要做……这时…… 曾经，一度 离题，偏题 简明，恰当；简洁中肯的 做某事是没有意义的 4 bring ... to one’s attention 使……引起某人的注意 拓展 draw one’s attention 吸引某人的注意/关注 5 clear up (头脑)清醒；使整洁，清理 拓展 clear away clear off clear out 把……清除掉(以留出空间) 离开，逃离，逃跑 把……清空；清理；丢掉 6 devote oneself to 致力，专心，献身 拓展 devote...to... adapt...to... adjust...to... addict...to... apply...to... prefer...to... attach...to... 把……贡献给……，致力于……，把……用于 使适应，使配合 调节……以适应 使……对……上瘾，使……沉迷于 把……应用于…… 喜欢……胜过…… 把……附在……上 7 draw on 凭借，利用 拓展 draw back draw in draw near draw out draw up draw a conclusion 退缩，退却，撤回，收回 (火车等)进站、到达，吸引，吸入 靠近，临近 取出，(白昼)长起来，拉长，使畅所欲言 起草，草拟，停住 得出结论 8 make an effort to do sth. 努力做某事 9 ought to 应该，应当 10 reach for 伸手够/拿 11 share ... with ... 和/与……分享/合住 12 in particular=particularly 尤其，特别 拓展 be particular about 对……讲究/挑剔 13 part way 半途，部分地 14 in store(for sb.) 即将发生(在某人身上)，等待着(某人) 15 in summary 总的来说 拓展 to sum up 总之，概括起来说 16 in the presence of 在……的面前，有……在场，当着……的面，在……出现的情况下 17 with wonder 惊奇地，惊愕地，惊叹不已地 三、经典句型 1. A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear. (P44 Lines1-2) 孩子和男人在沙滩上散步，这时孩子发现了一枚贝壳，并把它放到了耳边。 (主句+when<意为“这时”>从句) 2.What amazed the child was not a new world, but the unnoticed music of the old.(P44 Lines 5-6) 让孩子为之惊奇的其实不是一个新世界，而是旧世界那被人忽视的乐音。(not ... but ...句型) 3.“What shall I read?” You might have asked yourself this question more than once.(P48) “我该读什么？”你也许不止一次地问自己这个问题。(情态动词+have done/have been done) 4.His mouth was too dry to speak but he could not reach for the water now.(P53 Lines 21-22) 他的嘴干得说不出话来，但他现在不能伸手去拿水喝。(too… to…句型) 说明：涉及词性/形变化的，请查看以上“‘背’一本中的全部单词”板块。 一、核心词汇 1. devote 【词不离句】...whatever I have devoted myself to, I have devoted myself to completely...(P43) 【拓展延伸】 devote oneself to(doing)sth.献身于/致力于/专心于……(做)某事 be devoted to(doing)sth.奉献于……/专心于……(做)某事 devote...to(doing)sth.把……用在/贡献给/致力于(做)某事上 2. appeal 【词不离句】Let a little song appeal to the ear, or a great book to the heart, and we discover a new world, a world of dreams and magic.(P44) 【拓展延伸】 appeal to ... against ... 就……上诉到…… appeal to上诉到，诉诸，对……有吸引力；向……呼吁 appeal to sb.对某人有/产生吸引力，受到某人的喜欢 appeal to sb. for sth.=make one/an appeal to sb. for sth为某事向某人呼吁或请求/呼吁/恳求某人某事 appeal to sb. to do sth.= make one/an appeal to sb. to do sth.呼吁/恳求某人做某事 have great appeal for对……非常有吸引力 3. determine 【词不离句】The first step is to determine some of its significant qualities.(P44) 【拓展延伸】 determine on/upon doing sth.决定做某事 determine on sth.就……做出决定 determine sb. against sth.使某人决定不做某事 determine sb.to do sth.使某人下决心做某事 determine to do sth.决定做某事(表动作) with determination坚决地，果断地 4. significant 【词不离句】The first step is to determine some of its significant qualities.(P44) 【拓展延伸】 be of (great) significance to...对……(很)重要 be of no/little significance to...对……不重要/不太重要，无关紧要，没有意义 be significant for...对……是重要的，对……产生重大影响 It is significant that...很重要…… attach(great)significance to (doing)sth.认为(做)某事(很)重要 5. contain 【词不离句】To achieve this, it should contain two elements: universal interest and personal style.(P45) 【拓展延伸】 contain one’s excitement/anger抑制某人的兴奋/愤怒 contain one’s tears of regret克制后悔的泪水 contain the spread of遏制……的传播的 contain oneself控制自己，自制 特别提醒： ①contain除了意为“包含，含有，容纳”以外，还有“克制，抑制(感情)，遏制(……的势力、扩张、影响)，防止……蔓延”等等意思。 ②contain指所包含或容纳的全部内容或某物的成分；include 侧重于范围，表示整体和部分的关系，常使用“including＋被包括部分”或“被包括部分＋included” 的结构。 Please eat foods which contain a lot of vitamins and minerals, including brown rice/brown rice included. 请吃含有大量维生素和矿物质的食物，包括糙米。 6. sensitive 【词不离句】Some truth and beauty remain unnoticed until a sensitive human soul...(P45) 【拓展延伸】 be sensitive about/to介/在意，在乎/对……敏感/过敏/体贴，对……忌讳 make sense有意义，有道理，讲得通(否定式：not make any sense=make no sense) make sense of理解，弄懂，弄清……的意思 sense that从句...意识到…… in a/some sense从某种意义上说 be sensible of 意识到，认识到 7. reflect 【词不离句】Some truth and beauty remain unnoticed until a sensitive human soul brings them to our attention, just as the shell reflects the unnoticed sounds.(P45) 【拓展延伸】 reflect on/upon回忆，考虑，反思，反省，思考，仔细考虑 reflect well/badly on对……有好的/坏的看法 be lost in reflection陷入沉思 be reflected in映出，倒映在 upon/on reflection经再三考虑，经深思熟虑 8. capable 【词不离句】One who reads it is capable of seeing the beauty that was hidden from his eyes before.(P45) 【拓展延伸】 (be)capable of sth./doing sth.有能力做某事 have the capability to do sth.有能力做某事 9. particular 【词不离句】Teachers in particular can provide suggestions for interesting reading materials...(P48) 【拓展延伸】 be particular about/over对……挑剔/讲究 in particular=particularly特别，尤其 the particulars详情 10. destroy 【词不离句】He is extremely good at describing the adventures of tough men who he believes “can be destroyed but not defeated”. (P53) 【拓展延伸】 be completely/totally destroyed被彻底摧毁 destroy one’s life/faith/hope/confidence毁掉(摧毁)某人的生活/信仰/希望/信心 注意：在英语写作中要恰到好处的运用“destroy, damage & ruin”： ①destroy表示毁坏。通常指彻底毁掉，其功能无法或难以修复，也可用于损坏抽象的东西，如名誉、计划、契约等。 This bridge was completely destroyed after the earthquake.这座桥在地震后被彻底毁掉了。 ②damage表示损坏，通常指对事物的部分损害，这种损坏具有可修复性。可作动词或名词，作名词时常用搭配为cause damage to。 The car was slightly damaged and could be repaired.这辆车只是轻微受损，可以被修复。 ③ruin表示毁灭，毁坏，是指在一定的过程中逐渐对事物进行破坏，使其毁灭，也可以用于抽象意义，可作动词或名词，作名词时常用搭配为be in ruins。 The heavy rain ruined these corns.大雨毁坏了这些玉米。 You ruined my life.你毁了我的生活。 11. attempt 【词不离句】After coming in empty-handed for eighty-four days, Santiago attempts to catch a huge fish.(P53) 【拓展延伸】 make attempts/an attempt to do sth. =make attempts/an attempt at doing sth. =attempt to do sth./attempt at doing sth.尝试/试图/设法做某事 at the first attempt首次/第一次尝试 in an attempt to do sth.企图/试图/为了做某事 12. confused 【词不离句】Now you are getting confused in the head, he thought.(P54) 【拓展延伸】 confuse sb. with sth.某物/某事使某人困惑，某物/某事把某人弄糊涂 confuse...with/and...把……和……混淆/混为一谈 be/get confused with/about对……感到困惑 二、经典句型 1.主句+when(意为“这时”)从句 【原句呈现】1. A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear. (P44 Lines1-2)孩子和男人在沙滩上散步，这时孩子发现了一枚贝壳，并把它放到了耳边。 【拓展延伸】本句中用了“were doing sth. when…”的句型，意为：……正在做某事，这时……，when的意思为“这时”。与该句型类似份还有下列三种形式： ①be about to do ...when ...正要做某事，这时…… ②was/were on the point of doing sth. when…正要做某事，这时…… ③had just done sth. when…刚做完某事，这时…… 例句： ①I was walking along the street when someone called me from behind. 我正沿着街道走时，这时后面有人喊我。 ②Tom was about to close the windows when his attention was caught by a bird. Tom was on the point of closing the windows when his attention was caught by a bird.  汤姆正要关窗户，这时他的注意力被一只鸟吸引住了。  ③I had just got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once. 我刚到办公室，这时妻子就打电话叫我马上回家。 2. not ... but ... 句型 【原句呈现】What amazed the child was not a new world, but the unnoticed music of the old.(P44 Lines 5-6) 让孩子为之惊奇的其实不是一个新世界，而是旧世界那被人忽视的乐音。 【拓展延伸】 not ... but ...“不是……而是……”，用来连接两个并列成分。该结构连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语应与but后的成分在人称和数上保持一致。 注意：本句中what引导的是主语从句。关于“what引导的名词从句”，请参看必修一 Unit 1经典句型1.what引导的宾语从句 例句： ①Real strong men are not those without tears, but those running in tears. 真正的强者，不是没有眼泪的人，而是含着眼泪奔跑的人。 ②Not John and Tom but their younger sister, Mary, takes great interest in the piano lessons. 不是约翰和汤姆而是他们的妹妹玛丽对钢琴课很感兴趣。(注意主谓一致) ③What really matters to you is not book knowledge but practice 对你要紧的是实践经验而不是书本知识。 3. 情态动词+have done/have been done 【原句呈现】“What shall I read?” You might have asked yourself this question more than once.(P48) “我该读什么？”你也许不止一次地问自己这个问题。 【拓展延伸】 该句中含有“情态动词+完成式have done”的结构。“情态动词+完成式have done/have been done”用法及意义如下： ①could +have done/have been done：本可以做而实际上未能做或者可能已经做过某事；其否定式表示 对过去事情有把握的否定推测，“不可能已经做了某事”； ②cannot+ have done/have been done：对现在或过去发生过的事情的否定推测； ③might(may)+ have done/have been done：对过去发生的行为不太肯定的推测； ④must+ have done/have been done：对过去发生的行为肯定的推测。其否定式为：cannot have done/have been done； ⑤needn’t+ have done/have been done：本来不必要做的而实际上又做了； ⑥should(ought to)+have done/have been done：本来应该做而实际上又没有做。其否定式：某种不该发 生的事情或行为却发生了。 例句： ①We could have faced the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me? 我们本可以一起面对这个困难的，但是你为什么没有告诉我呢？ ②My umbrella is gone. Who could/might/may have taken it by mistake? 我的雨伞不见了。谁会错拿了呢？ ③Mary couldn’t have received my letter, otherwise she would have gone to the concert. 玛丽不可能收到了我的信，否则她会去参加音乐会的。 ④Why are your eyes so red? You can’t have slept well last night. 你的眼睛怎么这么红的？你昨天晚上一定没有睡好吧。 ⑤With the eyes of students across the nation upon her, she might have inspired an entirely new generation of astronauts and space scientists. 在全国学生的目光注视下，她可能已经激励了整个新一代宇航员和太空科学家。 ⑥There are several theories about why dinosaurs suddenly died out, one of which says their disappearance might have been caused by the climate change. 关于恐龙为何突然灭绝有几种理论，其中一种认为恐龙的消失可能是气候变化造成的。 ⑦Someone must have left the tap on, for the water was running over and flooding the bathroom. 一定是有人没关水龙头，因为水溢出来淹了浴室。 ⑧—Sorry, I am late. —Why, you needn’t have come to the company today. It is Sunday. “对不起，我迟到了。”“你今天本来不必来公司的。今天是星期天。” ⑨—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again. —Oh, it’s too bad. You should/ought to have made full preparations. “对不起，妈妈！我的面试又失败了。”“哦，太糟糕了。你本应该做充分的准备。” 4. too… to…句型 【原句呈现】His mouth was too dry to speak but he could not reach for the water now.(P53 Lines 21-22) 他的嘴干得说不出话来，但他现在不能伸手去拿水喝。 【拓展延伸】 ①该句中“too＋形容词dry＋to speak”结构简称为“too...to”句型。这种结构是英语中常用的一种句型， 在大多数情况下表示否定意义，在翻译时，通常可译为“太……而不能……”、“太……无法……”。 ②变式：▲too＋adj./adv.＋for... to do：在此结构中加上一个for...，以表示动词不定式的逻辑主语。 ▲too＋adj.＋a(an)＋n.＋to do. 注意：与so...that..和such ... that ...句型的转换； 与enough... to...句型的转换。 ③“too...to”不表示否定意义的情况：too...to结构之前带有but, only, just, simply, all, never, not时，是强调肯定的表示法，译作“非常……、十分……、实在……、真是太……”等；“too...to”结构中带有表示某种心情或描绘性的形容词或副词，如ready, eager, satisfied, kind, willing, easy, anxious等加动词不定式结合成一个不可分割的状态、态度、倾向或心情等。 【完成句子】 ①The apples on the tree are too high for me to reach./The apples on the tree are so high that I can’t reach them.树上的苹果太高了，我够不着。 ②Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night would be freezing cold, too cold for us to live.(如果)没有大气保存太阳部分的热量，地球的晚上也会刺骨的寒冷，冷得让我们无法生存。 ③It’s not too late to deal with the problem now, although time is limited. 尽管时间有限，但现在处理这个问题还不算太晚。 ④See that big stone? Actually, it’s too big a stone for everyone to carry it. See that big stone? Actually, it’s such a big stone that no one can carry it. See that big stone? Actually, it’s so big a stone that no one can carry it. 看到那块大石头了吗?事实上，这是一块大石头，没人能搬得动。 ⑤The problem is too hard for him to work out./The problem isn’t easy enough for him to work out. 这道题太难了，他解不出来。 ⑥I shall be only too pleased to get home.我要回到家里就非常高兴。 ⑦I’m too glad to see you again.又见到你我很高兴。 ⑧We are too ready to help you.我们很乐意帮助你。 ⑨It is never too old to learn.活到老学到老。 ⑩It’s never too late to stop smoking.戒烟何时都不算晚。 一、单词拼写(根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的完全形式) 1.The police ________(公布) a detailed________(描述) of the wanted suspect who might have robbed the antique shop the night before. 【答案】issued, description 【句意】警方公布了一份前一天晚上可能抢劫古玩店的通缉犯的详细描述。 2.The latest album from the band ________(以……为特色)their new single has met with a mixed reception from fans. 【答案】featuring 【句意】乐队的最新专辑以他们的新单曲为特色，受到了歌迷们的好评。 3.The presenter will show how students can use PPT to confidently present their creative thinking on a variety of ________(话题). 【答案】topics 【句意】演讲者将向学生展示如何使用PPT自信地表达他们对各种话题的创造性思维。 4.She’s always been ________(吝啬的)with money.Whenever we eat out, she never pays a bill. 【答案】mean 【句意】她总是对钱很吝啬，每次我们出去吃饭时，她从来不买单。 5.He is not selfish; on the contrary, he is very n________ and________(慷慨的). 【答案】noble, generous 【句意】他并不自私，恰恰相反，他是一个非常高尚而又慷慨的人。 6.We will be having a debate/discussion on some environmental ________(问题)all afternoon tomorrow. 【答案】issues/problems 【句意】明天整个下午我们将在就一些环境问题进行讨论。 7.People say that 18 marks a new ________(篇章)in our lives, and that we should become more independent. 【答案】chapter 【句意】人们说，18岁意味着我们生活中的新篇章，我们应该变得更加独立。 8.The artists s________ music and dances with local ________(特色)at the folk festival, winning applause at intervals. 【答案】staged, features 【句意】艺术家们在民间艺术节上表演了当地特色的歌舞，不时地赢得阵阵掌声。 9.Li Bai’s romantic style was also deeply rooted in the social and historical ________(语境) in which he lived. 【答案】context 【句意】李白的浪漫主义风格也深深植根于他所处的社会和历史语境中。 10.________(小说)are ________(能够) of mixing fantastic and realistic ________(元素). 【答案】Novels, capable, elements 【句意】小说可以把想象的和现实的成分糅杂在一起。 11.Now that you are familiar with the ________(作者的) idea(s), try reading all the ________(部分)as quickly as possible. 【答案】author’s, sections 【句意】既然你熟悉作者的观点，试着尽可能快地读完所有章节。 12.We have narrowed the g________ between the rich and the poor even if/even though there is a long way to go. 【答案】gap 【句意】我们已经缩小了贫富差距，尽管还有很长的路要走。 13.The red-crowned crane has a snow-white body and tail feather, which gives it a kind of n________ and unmatched beauty. 【答案】nobility 【句意】丹顶鹤的身体和尾羽雪白，给人一种高贵和无与伦比的美。 14.The thoughts of leaving once f________ through his mind, but he quickly gave up on the idea and found ways to face these challenges. 【答案】flashed 【句意】离开的想法曾在他的脑海中闪过，但是他很快就放弃了这个想法，找到了应对挑战的方法。 15.I believe nothing could prevent you from making progress if you put your heart and s________ into your study. 【答案】soul 【句意】我相信如果你全身心地投入到学习中，没有什么能阻止你取得进步。 16.Be aware of the terrible s________ it can put on a child when you expect the best grades. 【答案】strain 【句意】当你期望孩子取得最好的成绩时，要意识到这会给孩子带来可怕的压力。 17.I have a good command of English. T________, I have no trouble in communicating with our foreign guests. 【答案】Therefore/Thus 【句意】我英语很好，因此我在和外国客人进行有效交流时没有任何困难。 18.It’s my honor to be invited to go cycling a________ with you in the forest park this weekend. 【答案】alongside 【句意】我很荣幸这个周末能被邀请和你一起去森林公园骑自行车。 19.Can red TV dramas a________ a strong desire in young people to learn about China’s revolutionary history? The answer is yes. 【答案】awaken 【句意】红色电视剧能否唤起年轻人了解中国革命历史的强烈欲望？答案是肯定的。 20.Their first a________ to make popcorn failed, but they didn’t acknowledge d________. The brave boys wouldn’t be by the temporary failure. 【答案】attempt, defeat, defeated 【句意】他们第一次做爆米花的尝试失败了，但他们不承认失败。勇敢的孩子们不会被暂时的失败打败。 二、词性/形转换(用所给单词的正确形式填空) 1.People discussed the topic with great _________(earnest)and were unable to come to any definite conclusion. 【答案】earnestness 【句意】人们非常认真地对这个话题展开讨论，然而却莫衷一是。 2.Have you any excuse to offer for frequent absence from _________(collect)practice? 【答案】collective 【句意】你经常不参加集体训练有什么解释吗？ 3.It is _________(earnest)hoped that you will help accomplish the matter. 【答案】earnestly 【句意】衷心希望你能帮助完成这件事。 4.Zheng He’s_________(accomplish)are now widely acknowledged, and he is remembered as one of China’s most influential explorers. 【答案】accomplishments 【句意】郑和的成就现在被广泛认可，他被认为是中国最有影响力的探险家之一。 5.Being an _________(accomplish) cook, he enjoys very good salary. 【答案】accomplished 【句意】作为一名技艺高超的厨师，他的薪水很高。 6.To the Lighthouseis Virginia Woolf’s most _________(autobiography)novel. 【答案】autobiographical 【句意】《到灯塔去》是弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫最具自传体色彩的小说。 7.He made his name with several _________(collect)of short stories. 【答案】collections 【句意】他以几本短篇小说集成名。 8.The girl was then hit a second time by another van before an elderly trash _________(collect)came to her aid, according to some witnesses. 【答案】collector 【句意】据一些目击者称，一名拾荒老人还没来得及救助那个女孩，女孩就随后再一次被货车撞倒。 9.The KSP mission will use multi-stage liquid engines like commercial ________(launch), recover all sections of the rocket and could, in theory, be turned around for a second launch within 24 hours. 【答案】launchers 【句意】卡门太空计划任务将使用多级液体发动机，如商业发射器，回收火箭的所有部分，理论上可以在24小时内进行第二次发射。 10.A  _________(transport)is a large vehicle or an aeroplane that is used for carrying very large or heavy objects. 【答案】transporter 【句意】运输车是一种大型车辆或飞机，用于运输非常大或非常重的物体。 11.—Professor Li, how can my son develop his interest in _________ ? —You may first expose him to classical _________ works.(literate) 【答案】literature, literary 【句意】李教授，怎么样培养我儿子对文学的兴趣呢？——你可以让他先接触古典文学作品。 12.Equipping children in primary schools with the basic skills of _________(literate)is high on the agenda. 【答案】literacy 【句意】让小学生具备识字的基本技能已提上议事日程。 13.When he was a child, he had a passion for literature and wished to become a _________(novel). But now he is regarded as a famous journalist. 【答案】novelist 【句意】当他还是个孩子的时候，他就热爱文学，希望成为一名小说家。但现在他被认为是一个著名的记者。 14.At the end of the lecture, the speaker ________ up his topic. His ________ made the speech more impressive. (sum) 【答案】summed, summary 【句意】演讲结束时，演讲者总结了他的主题。他的总结使演讲更加令人印象深刻。 15.I’ll just _________(sum)the main points of the argument in a few words if I may. 【答案】summarise/summarize 【句意】如果可以的话，我只想用几句话概括一下争论的要点。 16.Relief agencies say the immediate problem is not a lack of food, but _________(transport). 【答案】transportation 【句意】救援机构称当务之急不是食品匮乏，而是交通运输不足。 17._________(universe)access to education is the ability of all people to have equal opportunity in education, regardless of their social class, ethnicity, background or physical disabilities. 【答案】Universal 【句意】普及教育是所有人都有平等的受教育机会的能力，不论其社会阶层、种族、背景或身体残疾。 18.Thank you for contributing ________(generous)to the scholarship fund.  【答案】generously   【句意】谢谢你为奖学金基金慷慨捐款。 19.As a ________(permanence)member of the UN Security Council, China has played an important part in international affairs in a responsible manner. 【答案】permanent 【句意】中国作为联合国安理会常任理事国，以负责任的态度在国际事务中发挥了重要作用。 20.They loved the old town and decided to settle down ________(permanence). 【答案】permanently 【句意】他们喜欢这座古城，决定永久定居下来。 21.He would make an appointment with him to _________(straight)out a couple of things. 【答案】straighten 【句意】他要和他约定把几件事情弄清楚。 22.I was overwhelmed by the _________(generous)of friends and neighbours.   【答案】generosity 【句意】朋友和邻居们的慷慨让我无比感动。 23.The houses are _________(specific)designed for old people. 【答案】specifically 【句意】这些房子是专为老年人设计的。 24.When it comes to learning English, it’s _________(universe)recognized that there is nothing better than staying with native English speakers. 【答案】universally 【句意】说到学英语，人们普遍认为：没有什么比跟英语母语人士待在一起更好的了。 25.Make a comparison between _________(poet)and novels, and you will know they are two different forms of literature. 【答案】poets/poetry 【句意】(如果)把诗歌和小说比较一下，你就会知道它们是两种不同的文学形式。 26.He has sung many beautiful songs and written many _________(poet)lyrics, which lives up to his reputation as a productive musician. 【答案】poetic 【句意】他唱过许多优美的歌曲，写过许多富有诗意的歌词，这不负他作为一个多产音乐家的声誉。 27.The young man felt ________ sorry for his ________ behaviour that day.(extreme) 【答案】extremely, extreme 【句意】这个年轻人对他那天的极端行为感到非常抱歉。 28.The West Lake is very beautiful and it is beyond _________(describe). 【答案】description 【句意】西湖非常美，难以用言语来描述。 29.However, throughout his life, Charles Dickens only shared his suffering experience with his close friend and _________(autobiography), John Forster. 【答案】autobiographer 【句意】然而，在他的一生中，查尔斯·狄更斯只与他的密友兼自传作家约翰·福斯特分享了他的痛苦经历。 30.It was _________(generous)of him not to recognize all her hard work. 【答案】ungenerous 【句意】他不承认她的辛勤工作，未免度量太狭窄了。 三、短语填空(从“背”一本“短语”栏目中选择恰当的短语填空) 说明：每个短语只能用一次，且选择范围不包括拓展短语。 1.I attach great significance to working out at school, so we students __________ have PE classes actively and punctually. 【答案】ought to 【句意】我认为在学校锻炼身体很重要，因此我们学生应该积极按时上体育课。 2.She was __________ through the speech when he quietly slipped out of the conference room. 【答案】part way 【句意】她的讲话进行到一半时，他就悄悄地溜出了会议室。 3.Is there anything else ____________ that you’d like to _____________ me? 【答案】in particular, share with 【句意】你还有什么其他特别的事想和我分享吗？ 4.Happiness is a flower living in the sunshine, and it is not difficult to __________ it. 【答案】reach for 【句意】幸福是一朵生活在阳光下的花，要摘到它并不难。 5.It is well worth ________________ promote the public awareness of environmental protection. 【答案】making an effort to 【句意】努力提高公众的环境保护意识是很值得的。 6.When carrying out the new experiment, they ______________ their previous experience, but failed to succeed.  【答案】drew on 【句意】在进行这项新实验时，他们借鉴了先前的经验，但是没有成功。 7.If you don’t seize the day to ________________ your studies, you are bound to be overcome with regret. 【答案】devote yourself to 【句意】如果你不抓紧时间专心学习，你一定会后悔的。 8.You have responsibility for _____________ the classroom after class. 【答案】clearing up 【句意】你有责任在课后清理教室。 9.Since then, I have not hesitated to be ________________ others, especially when they need company. 【答案】in the presence of 【句意】从那时起，我毫不犹豫地与其他人在一起，尤其是当他们需要陪伴的时候。 10.These sounds seemed to be from another world and the child listened to them ____________. 【答案】with wonder 【句意】这些声音似乎来自另一个世界，孩子惊奇地听着。 11.The salesman complained to his colleague that the boss moved the goalposts when he ________________ achieving the goal. 【答案】was on the point of 【句意】推销员向他的同事抱怨说，就在他快要达到目标的时候，老板却朝令夕改了。 12.Why don’t you ________________ that you’re too ill to work on? 【答案】bring it to his attention 【句意】你为什么不让他注意到你病得太重了，不能继续工作？ 13.___________, we _____________ the school to make the relevant rules and regulations to prohibit students from throwing away waste. 【答案】In summary, appeal to 【句意】我们呼吁学校制订相关的规章制度，以禁止学生乱扔垃圾。 14.No one knows what lies ________________ tomorrow. But we can try to prepare accordingly. 【答案】in store for us 【句意】谁也不知道明天会发生什么。但我们可以试着做相应的准备。 15.He ________________ memorizing fifty English words in five minutes, so he has the capacity to understand the difficult English article. 【答案】is capable of 【句意】他能在五分钟内记住五十个英语单词，所以他有能力理解这篇难的英语文章。 四、核心词汇(根据要求完成相关任务) 1. devote 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①_________ all his life to educating his _________ students, the old teacher was admired for his _________ to the education cause. 【答案】Devoting, devoted, devotion 【解析】第一个空：devote和the old teacher为主动关系，需填入现在分词作状语；第二个空：需填入形容词作定语修饰students，需要的词义为“挚爱的”，即devoted；第三个空：需填名词作宾语，表示“奉献”，即devotion，它是不可数名词。句意：这位老教师毕生致力于教育他挚爱的学生，因其对教育事业的奉献而受到人们的钦佩。 ②He is a _________(devote)advocate, who strongly advocates clean energies such as the energy of the sun, the wind and etc. instead of using whose that pollute our environment. 【答案】devoted 【解析】此处修饰名词advocate用形容词devoted“忠实的”。句意：他是一个忠实的倡导者，强烈倡导使用清洁能源，如太阳能、风能等，而不是使用那些污染我们环境的能源。 完成句子 ③我决定全身心投入完成研究课题的任务中，而他则开发科学模型。 I decided to ____________________ the task of working with the subjects, while he developed the scientific model. 【答案】devote myself to completing/be devoted to completing ④由于我的精力都集中在复习上，我没有时间和朋友在线聊天。 With ________________________, I have no time to chat with my friends online. 【答案】my energy devoted to revision ⑤我叔叔决定把余生献给科学研究。 My uncle decided to ______________________ scientific study. 【答案】devote the rest of his life to 2. appeal 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①Jogging has become an _________ form of physical exercise, which _________ to both men and women. 【答案】appealing, appeals 【解析】第一空作定语修饰form of physical exercise，填形容词appealing“有吸引力的，令人感兴趣的”；第二空在which引导的非限制性定语从句中作谓语，此从句陈述目前现状，用一般现在时，which指代先行词form of physical exercise，单数，在从句中作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。句意：慢跑已经成为一种很有吸引力的体育锻炼形式，对男性和女性都很有吸引力。 ②The _________ of the amusement park for children is more than some adults can understand. 【答案】appeal 【解析】the后面用名词。句意：游乐园对儿童的吸引力是一些成年人无法理解的。 完成句子 ③他建议我们就判决结果向高等法院提起上诉。 He suggested we _______________________________ the sentence. 【答案】(should) appeal to the high court against ④我写信是为了我呼吁同学们去参观这个艺术展，它展示了中国文化的多样性和魅力。 I am writing to ____________________________, which shows the diversity and charm of Chinese culture. 【答案】appeal to my fellow students to pay a visit to the art show make an appeal to my fellow students to pay a visit to the art show ⑤这部电影对年轻观众非常有吸引力。 The film __________________ young audiences. 【答案】has great appeal for ⑥我们主张通过谈判解决国际争端，而不是诉诸武力。 We advocate solving international dispute by negotiation, ___________________ arms. 【答案】instead of appealing to ⑦他决不会向他们乞求怜悯。 He will never _______________. 【答案】appeal to them for mercy/make one/an appeal to them for mercy. ⑧这个群山环绕的美丽的小山村非常吸引人，结果吸引了来自全国各地的游客。 The beautiful village surrounded by many mountains _____________________ from all over the country. 【答案】is so appealing that it appeals to tourists ⑨越来越多的人喜欢住在农村，农村对人们的吸引力在于安静和慢节奏的生活。 More and more people prefer to live in the countryside, __________________ lies in the quiet and slow-paced life. 【答案】whose appeal for them ⑩我们保留上诉法庭的权利。 We reserve the right to _______________________. 【答案】appeal to the court 3. determine 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①Knowing age is not a ________ factor in the choice of the work, he is ________ to have a try. 【答案】determining, determined 【解析】分析句子可知，第一空作定语，修饰空后名词“factor”。“determine”，动词，“决定”，与名词“factor”之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式作定语，因此该空填determining；第二空位于系动词“is”之后，应是形容词作表语，“determined”为动词“determine”的形容词，意为“坚决的”，“be determined to do sth”，意为“下决心做……”。句意：知道年龄不是这份工作人选的决定性因素，他决心试一试。 ②She is a ________ girl, so we know that once she has ________ to do something, she will make her dream come true with great ________. 【答案】determined, determined, determination 【解析】分析可知，第一空应是形容词作定语，修饰名词“girl”，用形容词determined(坚定的，下定决心的)。“has ________ ”为从句的谓语部分，“has”为时态助动词，这里应是现在完成时，因此第二空填动词过去分词形式“determined”。第三空应用名词determination“决心”，作介词“with”的宾语。句意：她是一个有决心的女孩，所以我们知道，一旦她决定做某事，她会以极大的决心使她的梦想成真。 完成句子 ③我决心在英语上取得进步，比以往任何时候都更加努力。 __________________________, I work harder than ever. I _________________________, so I work harder than ever. 【答案】Determined to make progress in English, have been determined to make progress in English ④他的伟大发现有赖于他对科学的决心和献身精神。 His great discovery ____________________________ science. 【答案】lay in/resulted from his determination and devotion to ⑤他的劝告使我决定不再抽烟喝酒了。 His advice _________________________ again./His advice _________________________ no more. 【答案】determined me against drinking and smoking , determined me not to drink and smoke ⑥正是在那个时候，我决定学习一种新的技能来丰富我的生活，所以我向我的母亲寻求帮助。 It was at that time that I _________________ a new skill to enrich my life，so I turned to my mother for help. 【答案】determined to learn determined on/upon learning was determined to learn decided to learn made up my mind to learn ⑦简决心过一种充实的生活，不管未来如何。 Jane ___________________ a fulfilling life regardless of what the future holds. 【答案】has(been)determined to live 4. significant 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①Most students think it ________ to join the English corner, though a few haven't realized the ________ of it. 【答案】significant, significance 【解析】分析句子结构可知，第一空考查句型“think it +adj.+to do”，it为形容词宾语，动词不定式为真正的宾语，所以第一个空填形容词significant“重要的”；根据第二个空前的the和空后的of可知，该空需要名词作宾语，significance“重要性”。句意：大多数学生认为参加英语角很有意义，尽管少数学生还没有意识到它的重要性。 ②The two sets of figures are not _________ different.  【答案】significantly 【解析】副词significantly修饰形容词 different。句意：这两组数字没有明显的差别。 ③This ________ reduces the cost of processing messages. 【答案】significantly 【解析】修饰动词，用副词形式，故填significantly。句意：这大大降低了处理信息的成本。 完成句子 ④阅读之所以非常重要，是因为它能开阔你的视野，带来许多乐趣。 __________________________ because it can broaden one’s vision and bring much fun. 【答案】Reading is of great significance/very significant ⑤尽管有些问题看起来微不足道，但如果我们不重视，它们可能会导致巨大的灾难。 ___________ as some problems seem, they may lead to huge disasters if we don’t __________________them. 【答案】Insignificant, attach great significance to ⑥要高度重视保护自然资源。 _____________________________ protecting natural resources. 【答案】Great significance should be attached to ⑦一个理论，无论多么好，如果不付诸实践，就毫无意义。 A theory, however good it is, is _____________________ without being put into practice. 【答案】of no significance ⑧重要的是孩子们不应该撒谎。 ___________________________________ 【答案】It is significant that the children should not tell lies. Significantly, the children should not tell lies. ⑨你今天的成功可能会对你的整个未来产生重大影响。 Your success today _____________________________. 【答案】may be significant for your whole future/may have great influence/impact on 5. contain 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①The children are asked to guess what’s in each plastic ________ by dipping their hands in. 【答案】container 【解析】根据句中“plastic”及“ by dipping their hands in”可知，此处应用名词container容器，作宾语句意：孩子们被要求把手伸进去猜测每个塑料容器里有什么。 ②These Shipping _________ are gaining popularity as an alternative to traditional houses. 【答案】containers 【解析】用contain名词的复数形式containers，意为“集装箱”。句意：这些集装箱作为传统房屋的替代品越来越受欢迎。 完成句子 ③看！盒子里有许多信，其中包括他的学生寄来的。 Look! The box _____________________, which __________ those from his students. 【答案】contains a number of letters, include ④这本书含有10章，其中包括美国文学。 The book __________________, _____________________________. 【答案】contains ten chapters, including American literature/American literature included ⑤听到这个激动人心的消息，他激动得几乎控制不住自己。 Hearing the exciting news, he was so excited that he ______________________. 【答案】could hardly contain/control himself ⑥看到她的偶像出现在舞台上，多萝西无法抑制她的兴奋。 Seeing her idol appear on the stage, Dorothy was unable _________________. 【答案】to contain her excitement ⑦一些外国领导人想知道，中国政府是如何能够如此迅速有效地遏制病毒的传播的。 Some foreign leaders were wondering how it was that the Chinese government could ___________________ the virus so quickly and effectively. 【答案】contain the spread of ⑧感到绝望，简无法克制后悔的泪水。 Feeling desperate, Jane couldn’t _____________________. 【答案】contain her tears of regret ⑨当父亲听到儿子因行为不端而被停学的消息时，他几乎无法抑制自己的愤怒。 The father ________________________ when hearing the news that his son was suspended from the school due to misbehavior. 【答案】could barely/hardly contain his anger ⑩我相信野生动物保护区将能够容纳数千只猴子，并将很快解决人类与猴子冲突的问题。 I believe the wildlife preserve will ______________________ and will solve the problem of human-monkey conflict very quickly. 【答案】be able to contain/be capable of containing thousands of monkeys 6. sensitive 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①Jack is a _________ boy, but he tends to pretend that he doesn’t care what other people say about him. 【答案】sensitive 【解析】修饰名词boy用形容词sensitive。句意：杰克是个敏感的男孩，但他总是装出一副不在乎别人怎么说他的样子。 ②He was very ________ of the difficult situation she was in. 【答案】sensible 【解析】句意：他很清楚她所处的困境。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填入形容词作was的表语，且be sensible of…意为“知道……，觉察到……”，再结合语境可知，察觉到她所处的困境符合题意。故填sensible。 ③You might get behind if you spend too much time debating ________ issues. 【答案】senseless 【解析】senseless adj.无意义的。句意：如果花太多时间争论没意义的事情，你就会落后于人。 ④Such is the ________ of the information that only two people are allowed to know it.  【答案】sensitivity 【解析】sensitivity敏感。句意：这信息极为敏感，只允许两个人知道。 ⑤He is equipped with a deep ________ of justice and responsibility.   【答案】sense 【解析】形容词deep修饰名词sense。句意：他具有强烈的正义感和责任感。 完成句子 ⑥他对自己的伤疤很敏感，认为每个人都在盯着他看。 He _______________________ and thought everyone was staring at him. 【答案】was very sensitive about/to his scar 【解析】考查介词。句意： ⑦“Cathy，你真的能理解我的意思吗？”“我很抱歉。我真没理解你的意思。” —Can you really _________________, Cathy? —I’m sorry. Your meaning didn’t really get across. 【答案】make sense of what I mean ⑧就为了省几美元而购买最便宜的电脑，简直没有意义。 _________________________ to buy the cheapest computer just to save a few dollars. 【答案】It doesn’t make any sense/It makes no sense ⑨年轻人对外表很在意。 Young people are very ________________________. 【答案】are very sensitive about their appearance ⑩从某种意义上说，多年的经济衰退仍然是影响整个国家经济的祸根。 ______________________, years of economic recession remained an evil that touched the whole national economy． 【答案】In some sense ⑪她可能意识到了我并没有对她全盘托出。 ______________________ I wasn’t telling her the whole story. 【答案】She probably sensed that 7. reflect 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①Take a boat trip and you will be attracted by the odd peaks along the river and their ________ in the clear water. 【答案】reflections 【解析】形容词性物主代词their修饰名词，且名词为复数。句意：乘船旅行，你会被沿河的奇峰以及他们在清澈的水中的倒影所吸引。 ②The reason why he is lost in ________ is that he is ________ on the problem, which ________ in the list. 【答案】reflection, reflecting, is reflected 【解析】根据第一空前的介词in可知，此处应填reflect的名词形式reflection，作介词宾语，in reflection“反思”是固定短语；reflect on“考虑；回想”是动词固定短语，前面有is，reflecting作谓语；分析句子可知，第三空是which引导的非限制定语从句中的谓语，which替代the problem，在从句中作主语，动词reflect与之是被动关系，应用被动语态be done，根据前文“is”可知，用一般现在时，主语which替代the problem为单数第三人称，故用is reflected。句意：他沉迷于反思的原因是他在思考这个问题，这个问题反映在清单上。 ③Is there any scientific evidence that a person’s character ________ in their handwriting? 【答案】is reflected 【解析】从句中的主语为character与所要填的动词reflect之间为被动关系，且为一般现在时。句意：一个人的笔迹反映其性格的说法有甚么科学凭据呢? ④Wear clothes with _________ material so you are visible to drivers.  【答案】reflective 【解析】reflective可反光的。句意：穿上用反光材料制成的衣服，这样司机比较容易看到你。 ⑤Sitting in his wicker chair, he gazed _________ at the fire  【答案】reflectively 【解析】修饰动词gazed用副词reflectively。句意：他坐在藤椅上，若有所思地凝视着炉火。 ⑥When he is alone, he is often _________ _________ _________.   【答案】lost in reflection 【解析】be lost in reflection陷入沉思。句意：当他独处时，他常常陷入沉思。 完成句子 ⑦他沉迷于反思的原因是他在思考这个问题，这个问题反映在清单上。 The reason why he is lost in ________ is that he ____________, which ___________ in the list. 【答案】reflection, is reflecting on/considering/thinking of the problem, is reflected ⑧重要的不是故事本身，而是故事中所反映的东西。 It is not the story itself but ___________________ in the story that counts. 【答案】what is reflected ⑨面对失败，我们需要做的是冷静下来，反思我们的学习方法或向老师请教。 In the face of failure, what we need to do is calm down and ________________ or ask the teachers for advice. 【答案】reflect on/upon our learning methods ⑩湖面平静清澈，一座古塔倒映在水面上。 The lake is calm and clear, and __________________ the water.   【答案】an old tower is reflected in ⑪经过深思熟虑，他决定转到另一个话题。 _______________, he decided to switch over to another topic. 【答案】On reflection ⑫回想起她的志愿者经历，蒂娜为自己和当地同事一起取得的成就感到自豪。 ________________________, Tina felt proud of what she managed to achieve together with her local colleague. 【答案】Reflecting on her volunteer experience 8. capable 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①She’s a very ________ teacher and has the ________ to stimulate students’ interest. 【答案】capable, capability 【解析】第一空修饰名词用形容词capable“有能力的”作定语；第二空前有冠词the，用名词capability作has宾语，have the capability to do sth意为“有……才能/能力”。句意：她是一个很能干的老师，有能力激发学生的兴趣。 ②Feeling the need to change, Leah star ted playing with future possibilities by exploring her interests and developing new ________. 【答案】capabilities 【解析】形容词new修饰名词，capability为可数名词，填其复数形式，与interests对等。句意：莉娅感到需要改变，于是她开始扮演泰德的角色，通过探索自己的兴趣和发展新的能力来探索未来的可能性。 ③If people keep telling you you’re _________, you begin to lose confidence in yourself.  【答案】incapable 【解析】incapable无能力的。句意：如果人们不断地对你说你无能，你就开始失去自信了。 完成句子 ④只有能够随机应变的人才能在21世纪的激烈竞争中生存下来。 Only those who _____________________ changing circumstances can survive the intense competition in the 21st century. 【答案】are capable of adjusting/adapting to/are able to adjust/adapt to/enable themselves to adjust/adapt to ⑤这项测试的目的就是看看学生们是否能够应用已学的知识。 The purpose of this test is to see ______________________________________. 【答案】if/whether students are capable of applying what they have learned if/whether students have the capability to apply what they have learned 9. particular 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①He said receiving the prize was ________ important to him, because it proved that his work to save birds was meaningful. 【答案】particularly 【解析】空处修饰形容词important，应该用副词particularly。句意：他说，获得这个奖项对他来说特别重要，因为这证明了他拯救鸟类的工作是有意义的。 ②During his speech, he laid/put ________ stress on the freedom of the press. 【答案】particular 【解析】修饰名词stress要用形容词particular。句意：他在演讲中特别强调新闻自由。 ③They must be anxious to want to know the ________ . 【答案】particulars 【解析】the particulars详情。句意：他们一定急于想知道详情。 完成句子 ④布朗先生是一个思想非常开放的人，对这些小事不会挑剔。 Mr. Brown is a very open-minded man, and won’t ____________________________. 【答案】be particular about/over these small things ⑤如果你对这个项目有什么特别想知道的，请随时联系我。 Should ______________________, you’d like to know about this project, please feel free to contact me. 【答案】there be anything in particular ⑥在中国参加朋友的晚宴时，你最好行为举止恰当，尤其要注意你的餐桌礼仪。 When you attend your friend’s dinner party in China, you’d better behave properly, _______________ __________________________________. 【答案】particularly paying attention to your table manners paying attention to your table manners in particular 10. destroy 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①In the great fire, the woods were lucky to escape ________． 【答案】being destroyed/destruction 【解析】escape 后常接动名词形式作宾语；句子主语the woods和destroy之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，因此用动名词的被动形式being done；escape后也可以接名词destruction作宾语，故填being destroyed/destruction。句意：在大火中，树林幸免于难，未被烧毁。 ②This kind of weapon has great ________. 【答案】destructiveness 【解析】形容词great修饰名词。句意：这种武器有极大的破坏性。 ③With their habitats ________, many animals have gone extinct. 【答案】destroyed 【解析】“habitats”与“destroy”之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示动作已经完成，故应用过去分词destroyed。故填destroyed。句意：由于栖息地遭到破坏，许多动物已经灭绝。 ④With more forests ________, large quantities of good earth are being washed away each year. 【答案】being destroyed 【解析】第一空考查with的复合结构，with后宾语more forests 与destroy之间为被动关系，且表示动作正在进行，所以用现在分词的被动语态作宾语补足语。句意：随着越来越多的森林被破坏，每年都有大量的肥沃土壤被冲走。 ⑥He’s never thought of getting addicted to drugs and what _________ dangers they will bring him. 【答案】destructive 【解析】分析句子结构可知，设空处应填形容词作定语，修饰后面的名词dangers，故填destructive。句意：他从来没有想过会对毒品上瘾，也没有想过毒品会给他带来毁灭性的危险。 ⑦The company is the world’s largest _________ of tropical forests. 【答案】destroyer 【解析】the world’s largest 后面跟名词，故填 destroyer破坏者。句意：该公司对热带雨林的破坏位居世界之首。 完成句子 ⑧我要告诉你，怀疑会摧毁你的信心，使你一事无成。 I’m telling you that doubt will ________________ and make you accomplish nothing. 【答案】destroy your confidence ⑨要是我年轻点儿或幼稚点儿，这批评可能已经把我毁了。 If I were younger or more naive, the criticism _______________________. 【答案】would have destroyed me ⑩这次事故对我的车造成了一些损坏，但并不严重。 The accident ________________________ my car, but it was nothing serious. 【答案】caused some damage to ⑪美丽的风景被现代化的建筑破坏了。 The beautiful landscape _________________________. 【答案】was ruined by the modern building 11. attempt 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①The man is being questioned in relation to the ________ murder last night. 【答案】attempted 【解析】设空前有定冠词the，设空后有名词murder，所以设空处要用形容词attempted(未遂的)作定语，用于修饰其后的名词murder。句意：该男子正在就昨晚发生的未遂谋杀接受询问。 ②He failed in all his ________ to finish the task, but he didn’t lose heart. 【答案】attempts 【详解】句意：他在完成任务的所有尝试中都失败了，但他没有失去信心。形容词all后接可数名词的复数形式attempts。 完成句子 ③为了通过考试，她整晚都在背单词。 ______________________, she has been reciting the words all the night. 【答案】In an attempt/In order to pass the exam ④由于俄罗斯天然气对欧洲的限制，人们正在尝试使用植物燃料作为能源。 Because of the Russian gas limit to Europe, _________________ botanical fuel as a source of power. 【答案】attempts are being made to use ⑤在接下来的几天里，我们试图到处寻找我们的爱犬，但都是徒劳。 In the next few days we ____________________ our beloved dog in each and every corner, but in vain. 【答案】attempted/made an attempt to search for/made attempts at searching for ⑥我考驾驶执照时一次就通过了。 I passed my driving test ______________. 【答案】at the first attempt 12. confused 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①He was really ________ by the ________ problem which also ________ people for a long time. 【答案】confused, confusing, confused 【解析】第一空需要一个形容词作表语，形容主语He，应使用confused；第二空需要一个形容词作定语形容名词problem，应使用形容词confusing；第三空需要一个动词作谓语，根据主句时态可知应使用动词confuse的过去式。句意：他真的被这个令人困惑的问题弄糊涂了，这个问题也困扰了人们很长时间。 ②The snow lasted a week, resulting in a traffic ________ in the whole area. 【答案】confusion 【解析】名词traffic修饰名词confusion。句意：大雪持续了一个星期，导致整个地区交通混乱。 完成句子 ③从他困惑的表情来看，我知道他对这个令人困惑的问题迷惑不解。 From his ________ look, I know he ________ the ________ question. 【答案】confused, is/gets confused with/about, confusing ④不好意思，我不认识你。或许你把我和其他人混淆了 I’m sorry I don’t know you. Maybe you ____________________ someone else. 【答案】are confusing me with ④注意不要把数量与质量混淆了/混为一谈。 Be careful not to ________________________.  【答案】confuse quantity with/and quality ⑤父亲皱起眉头，困惑而担忧地望着我。 My father wrinkled his forehead and gazed at me, ___________________. 【答案】confused and worried ⑥____________________________ is how he made it without anyone else’s help. 【答案】What has caused great confusion 【句意】让人极大困惑的是他如何在没有别人帮助的情况下做到这一点的。 五、句型仿写 1.我们正在田间劳动，这时突然听到求救的喊声。 We were __________________________________ someone cried for help. 【答案】working in the field when/on the point of working in the field when 2.我刚要离开这时我听到有人敲门。 I ________________________ I heard someone knocking at the door. 【答案】was about to leave when 3.我刚对伤者进行了急救，这时救护车就来了。 I ______________________________ when the ambulance arrived. 【答案】had (just) given first aid to the injured when 4.说实话，是你而不是我在比赛中跑了第一名。 To tell the truth, ________________________ to run to the goal in the competition. 【答案】not I but you were the first 5.至于环境保护，起作用的不是我们说什么，而是我们做什么。 As for the environmental protection, _______________________ makes a difference. 【答案】it is not what we say but what we do that 6.困难的时候，我们需要的不是相互抱怨而是互相理解。 In time of difficulty, what we need is __________________________. 【答案】not complaint about it to each other but understanding of each other 7.这个男孩考试成绩总是很好，不是因为他很聪明，而是因为他学习非常努力。 The boy always does a good job in exams, ______________________________________________. 【答案】not because he is highly intelligent, but because he works extremely hard 8.他如此见多识广，一定去过很多地方且读过很多书。 He’s so well-informed. He ________________________and read many books. 【答案】must have been to a lot of places 9.史密斯先生不可能去上海了，因为我刚才在图书馆看见他了。 Mr. Smith ___________________________, for I saw him just now. 【答案】couldn’t/can’t have gone to Shanghai 10.要不是妈妈坚持让她去，她可能会就失去了这个机会了。 _______________________ if her mother hadn’t insisted on her going. 【答案】She might have lost the opportunity 11.汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。 Tom, you are too lazy. _______________________ yesterday. 【答案】You should have finished the work 12.听到我在英语演讲比赛中获得一等奖的消息，我兴奋得睡不着觉。 Hearing I had won first prize in the English Speech Contest, ________________________. 【答案】I was too excited to fall asleep 13.世界各国都面临着重大问题，这些问题太复杂了，任何一个国家，都无法单独解决这些问题。 Countries across the world are facing major problems which __________________________________. 【答案】are too complex for any single country to solve them alone 14.这么多人注视着她，她紧张得说不出话来。 She ______________________ with so many eyes fixed on her. 【答案】was too nervous to speak/was so nervous that she couldn’t speak 15.我写信告诉你，我非常高兴接受你的盛情邀请。 I’m writing to tell you I am _____________________________. 【答案】only too glad to accept your kind invitation 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 必修二Unit 4 Exploring literature 强基固本 一、全部单词 序 号 原词 词性、词意 词性/形转换 1 v.把……奉献，把……专用 ________ n.挚爱，奉献，忠诚，专心 ________ adj.忠诚的，忠实的，全心全意的，挚爱的 2 *earnest (adv. ________) ________ n.认真，诚挚 3 *butterfly 4 n.文学，文学作品 ________ adj.文学的；书面的；精通文学的 ________ adj.受过教育的；精通文学的 ________ n.读写能力；精通文学 ________ n.学者 5 *shell 6 vi.有吸引力；申诉；呼吁 n.吸引力；申诉；呼吁 ________ adj.有吸引力的，有感染力的，令人感兴趣的 7 vt.确定；支配；决心 vi.决心 ________ adj.意志坚定的，下定决心的 _____________ n.决心；决定，果断 8 adj.有重要意义的，显著的 (adv. ________) ____________ n.意义；重要性 ____________ adj.微不足道的；无足轻重的 9 n.描述，形容，说明 ________ vt.描写；形容；描绘 10 adj.感觉敏锐的；体贴的；敏感的；灵敏的 ________ n.感觉，意识；v.感觉到，觉察到，意识到 ________ adj.有感觉的，明智的 ________ adj.无意义的，无目的的，失去知觉，不明智的，愚蠢的 ________ n.敏感 11 n.灵魂；心性，内心 12 vt.& vi.反映，显示；映出(影像)；反射(声、光、热等)；沉思 ________ n.反映；思考；(声、光、热等的)反射；映像 ________ adj.反映的，反射的，沉思的 (adv. ________) 13 adj.有能力，有才能；能力强的 ________ n.能力，才能，性能，容量 ________ adj.没有能力的 14 vt.& vi.唤起，被唤起；(使)醒来 ________ adj.醒着的 vt. & vi. (使)醒来 15 vt.使(船)下水；开始从事，发动 ________ n.发射器；发射台；发射者 16 n.永久，持久性 ________ adj.永久的，永恒的，长久的 (adv._____________) 17 vt.包含，含有，容纳 ________ n.容器，集装箱，货柜 18 n.要素，基本部分 19 adj.普遍的，共同的；普遍存在的 __________ adv.普遍地，共同地，一致________ n.宇宙，世界，领域 20 n.总结，概括，概要 ___________ v.总结，概述 ________ vt. & vi.总结，概括 n.总数，金额 21 n.特色，特征 vt.以……为特色，是……的特征 22 n.作者，作家 23 adv.因此，所以 24 n.重要议题，争论的问题；问题，担忧；(报刊)一期 vt.宣布，公布 25 n.(长篇)小说 ________ n.小说家 26 adj.上部的；上面的 27 n.差距；间隙 28 n.(事情发生的)背景，环境，来龙去脉；上下文，语境 29 adj.特定的；明确的，具体的 ________ adv.具体地，明确地，特别地 30 adj.特别的，格外的；特指的；挑剔的 ________ adv.尤其，特别 31 n.话题；题目；标题 32 n.(同类)收藏品；作品集；募捐 ________ vt.收集，募捐 ________ n.收集者，收藏家 ________ adj.共同的，集体的 33 n.部分，部门；部件，散件 34 adj.吝啬的，小气的；不善良的，刻薄的 35 vt.运输，运送 n.交通运输系统；交通车辆；运输 ________ n.运输；运输系统；运输工具；流放 ________ n.运输车，运输机，输送机 36 turkey 37 n.慷慨，大方，宽宏大量 ________ adj.慷慨的；大方的 (adv.________) ________ adj.吝啬的，心胸狭窄的 38 n.章节 ；篇章 39 n.诗集，诗歌 ________ n.诗人 ________ n.诗 ________ adj.诗歌的，诗意的，诗情画意的 40 n.舞台；阶段；步骤 vt.上演，举办 41 *autobiography _____________ adj.自传的；自传体的；自传作家的 _____________ n.自传作者 42 *biography 43 adv.极其，非常，极端 ________ adj.极其的；极端的 44 vt.摧毁，毁灭，破坏 ________ n.毁灭，破坏 ________ adj.毁灭性的，破坏性的 _____________.n.毁灭性，破坏性 ________ n.破坏者，毁灭者；驱逐舰 45 vt.击败，战胜 n.失败，战败；击败 46 vt.& n.努力，尝试，试图 ________ adj.企图的，未遂的 47 vt.挺直；(使)变直，变正 ________ adj.直的；连续的 adv.直接地，坦率地 48 *strain 49 adv.在……旁边；与……一起 50 vt.完成 ____________ n.完成，成就，技艺 ____________ adj.可完成的；可达成的 ________ adj.被完成的；熟练的，才华高的，技艺高超的 51 adj.贵族的，高贵的；崇高的；宏伟的 ________ n.贵族，高贵的品质 52 adj.糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的 ________ adj.令人困惑的 ________ vt.使困惑(迷惑不解) ________ n.困惑，混淆 53 *weave 54 *mushy 55 n.闪光；闪现 vt.& vi.(使)闪光；(使)闪现 二、重要短语 序 号 英语短语 汉语意义 1 有吸引力，有感染力，引起兴趣，对……有吸引力；向……呼吁 2 有能力，能够 3 即将……之时，正要……的时候(正要做某事) 拓展 be on the point of doing ..when(时间状语从句) at one point off the point to the point There is no point(in)doing sth. 4 使……引起某人的注意 拓展 draw one’s attention 5 (头脑)清醒；使整洁，清理 拓展 clear away clear off clear out 6 致力，专心，献身 拓展 devote...to... adapt...to... adjust...to... addict...to... apply...to... prefer...to... attach...to... 7 凭借，利用 拓展 draw back draw in draw near draw out draw up draw a conclusion 8 努力做某事 9 应该，应当 10 伸手够/拿 11 和/与……分享/合住 12 尤其，特别 拓展 be particular about 13 半途，部分地 14 即将发生(在某人身上)，等待着(某人) 15 总的来说 拓展 to sum up 16 在……的面前，有……在场，当着……的面，在……出现的情况下 17 惊奇地，惊愕地，惊叹不已地 三、经典句型 1.孩子和男人在沙滩上散步，这时孩子发现了一枚贝壳，并把它放到了耳边。 (主句+when<意为“这时”>从句) 2.让孩子为之惊奇的其实不是一个新世界，而是旧世界那被人忽视的乐音。(not ... but ...句型) 3.“我该读什么？”你也许不止一次地问自己这个问题。(情态动词+have done/have been done) 4.他的嘴干得说不出话来，但他现在不能伸手去拿水喝。(too… to…句型) 说明：涉及词性/形变化的，请查看以上“‘背’一本中的全部单词”板块。 一、核心词汇 1. devote 【词不离句】...whatever I have devoted myself to, I have devoted myself to completely...(P43) 【拓展延伸】 devote oneself to(doing)sth.献身于/致力于/专心于……(做)某事 be devoted to(doing)sth.奉献于……/专心于……(做)某事 devote...to(doing)sth.把……用在/贡献给/致力于(做)某事上 2. appeal 【词不离句】Let a little song appeal to the ear, or a great book to the heart, and we discover a new world, a world of dreams and magic.(P44) 【拓展延伸】 appeal to ... against ... 就……上诉到…… appeal to上诉到，诉诸，对……有吸引力；向……呼吁 appeal to sb.对某人有/产生吸引力，受到某人的喜欢 appeal to sb. for sth.=make one/an appeal to sb. for sth为某事向某人呼吁或请求/呼吁/恳求某人某事 appeal to sb. to do sth.= make one/an appeal to sb. to do sth.呼吁/恳求某人做某事 have great appeal for对……非常有吸引力 3. determine 【词不离句】The first step is to determine some of its significant qualities.(P44) 【拓展延伸】 determine on/upon doing sth.决定做某事 determine on sth.就……做出决定 determine sb. against sth.使某人决定不做某事 determine sb.to do sth.使某人下决心做某事 determine to do sth.决定做某事(表动作) with determination坚决地，果断地 4. significant 【词不离句】The first step is to determine some of its significant qualities.(P44) 【拓展延伸】 be of (great) significance to...对……(很)重要 be of no/little significance to...对……不重要/不太重要，无关紧要，没有意义 be significant for...对……是重要的，对……产生重大影响 It is significant that...很重要…… attach(great)significance to (doing)sth.认为(做)某事(很)重要 5. contain 【词不离句】To achieve this, it should contain two elements: universal interest and personal style.(P45) 【拓展延伸】 contain one’s excitement/anger抑制某人的兴奋/愤怒 contain one’s tears of regret克制后悔的泪水 contain the spread of遏制……的传播的 contain oneself控制自己，自制 特别提醒： ①contain除了意为“包含，含有，容纳”以外，还有“克制，抑制(感情)，遏制(……的势力、扩张、影响)，防止……蔓延”等等意思。 ②contain指所包含或容纳的全部内容或某物的成分；include 侧重于范围，表示整体和部分的关系，常使用“including＋被包括部分”或“被包括部分＋included” 的结构。 Please eat foods which contain a lot of vitamins and minerals, including brown rice/brown rice included. 请吃含有大量维生素和矿物质的食物，包括糙米。 6. sensitive 【词不离句】Some truth and beauty remain unnoticed until a sensitive human soul...(P45) 【拓展延伸】 be sensitive about/to介/在意，在乎/对……敏感/过敏/体贴，对……忌讳 make sense有意义，有道理，讲得通(否定式：not make any sense=make no sense) make sense of理解，弄懂，弄清……的意思 sense that从句...意识到…… in a/some sense从某种意义上说 be sensible of 意识到，认识到 7. reflect 【词不离句】Some truth and beauty remain unnoticed until a sensitive human soul brings them to our attention, just as the shell reflects the unnoticed sounds.(P45) 【拓展延伸】 reflect on/upon回忆，考虑，反思，反省，思考，仔细考虑 reflect well/badly on对……有好的/坏的看法 be lost in reflection陷入沉思 be reflected in映出，倒映在 upon/on reflection经再三考虑，经深思熟虑 8. capable 【词不离句】One who reads it is capable of seeing the beauty that was hidden from his eyes before.(P45) 【拓展延伸】 (be)capable of sth./doing sth.有能力做某事 have the capability to do sth.有能力做某事 9. particular 【词不离句】Teachers in particular can provide suggestions for interesting reading materials...(P48) 【拓展延伸】 be particular about/over对……挑剔/讲究 in particular=particularly特别，尤其 the particulars详情 10. destroy 【词不离句】He is extremely good at describing the adventures of tough men who he believes “can be destroyed but not defeated”. (P53) 【拓展延伸】 be completely/totally destroyed被彻底摧毁 destroy one’s life/faith/hope/confidence毁掉(摧毁)某人的生活/信仰/希望/信心 注意：在英语写作中要恰到好处的运用“destroy, damage & ruin”： ①destroy表示毁坏。通常指彻底毁掉，其功能无法或难以修复，也可用于损坏抽象的东西，如名誉、计划、契约等。 This bridge was completely destroyed after the earthquake.这座桥在地震后被彻底毁掉了。 ②damage表示损坏，通常指对事物的部分损害，这种损坏具有可修复性。可作动词或名词，作名词时常用搭配为cause damage to。 The car was slightly damaged and could be repaired.这辆车只是轻微受损，可以被修复。 ③ruin表示毁灭，毁坏，是指在一定的过程中逐渐对事物进行破坏，使其毁灭，也可以用于抽象意义，可作动词或名词，作名词时常用搭配为be in ruins。 The heavy rain ruined these corns.大雨毁坏了这些玉米。 You ruined my life.你毁了我的生活。 11. attempt 【词不离句】After coming in empty-handed for eighty-four days, Santiago attempts to catch a huge fish.(P53) 【拓展延伸】 make attempts/an attempt to do sth. =make attempts/an attempt at doing sth. =attempt to do sth./attempt at doing sth.尝试/试图/设法做某事 at the first attempt首次/第一次尝试 in an attempt to do sth.企图/试图/为了做某事 12. confused 【词不离句】Now you are getting confused in the head, he thought.(P54) 【拓展延伸】 confuse sb. with sth.某物/某事使某人困惑，某物/某事把某人弄糊涂 confuse...with/and...把……和……混淆/混为一谈 be/get confused with/about对……感到困惑 二、经典句型 1.主句+when(意为“这时”)从句 【原句呈现】1. A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear. (P44 Lines1-2)孩子和男人在沙滩上散步，这时孩子发现了一枚贝壳，并把它放到了耳边。 【拓展延伸】本句中用了“were doing sth. when…”的句型，意为：……正在做某事，这时……，when的意思为“这时”。与该句型类似份还有下列三种形式： ①be about to do ...when ...正要做某事，这时…… ②was/were on the point of doing sth. when…正要做某事，这时…… ③had just done sth. when…刚做完某事，这时…… 例句： ①I was walking along the street when someone called me from behind. 我正沿着街道走时，这时后面有人喊我。 ②Tom was about to close the windows when his attention was caught by a bird. Tom was on the point of closing the windows when his attention was caught by a bird.  汤姆正要关窗户，这时他的注意力被一只鸟吸引住了。  ③I had just got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once. 我刚到办公室，这时妻子就打电话叫我马上回家。 2. not ... but ... 句型 【原句呈现】What amazed the child was not a new world, but the unnoticed music of the old.(P44 Lines 5-6) 让孩子为之惊奇的其实不是一个新世界，而是旧世界那被人忽视的乐音。 【拓展延伸】 not ... but ...“不是……而是……”，用来连接两个并列成分。该结构连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语应与but后的成分在人称和数上保持一致。 注意：本句中what引导的是主语从句。关于“what引导的名词从句”，请参看必修一 Unit 1经典句型1.what引导的宾语从句 例句： ①Real strong men are not those without tears, but those running in tears. 真正的强者，不是没有眼泪的人，而是含着眼泪奔跑的人。 ②Not John and Tom but their younger sister, Mary, takes great interest in the piano lessons. 不是约翰和汤姆而是他们的妹妹玛丽对钢琴课很感兴趣。(注意主谓一致) ③What really matters to you is not book knowledge but practice 对你要紧的是实践经验而不是书本知识。 3. 情态动词+have done/have been done 【原句呈现】“What shall I read?” You might have asked yourself this question more than once.(P48) “我该读什么？”你也许不止一次地问自己这个问题。 【拓展延伸】 该句中含有“情态动词+完成式have done”的结构。“情态动词+完成式have done/have been done”用法及意义如下： ①could +have done/have been done：本可以做而实际上未能做或者可能已经做过某事；其否定式表示 对过去事情有把握的否定推测，“不可能已经做了某事”； ②cannot+ have done/have been done：对现在或过去发生过的事情的否定推测； ③might(may)+ have done/have been done：对过去发生的行为不太肯定的推测； ④must+ have done/have been done：对过去发生的行为肯定的推测。其否定式为：cannot have done/have been done； ⑤needn’t+ have done/have been done：本来不必要做的而实际上又做了； ⑥should(ought to)+have done/have been done：本来应该做而实际上又没有做。其否定式：某种不该发 生的事情或行为却发生了。 例句： ①We could have faced the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me? 我们本可以一起面对这个困难的，但是你为什么没有告诉我呢？ ②My umbrella is gone. Who could/might/may have taken it by mistake? 我的雨伞不见了。谁会错拿了呢？ ③Mary couldn’t have received my letter, otherwise she would have gone to the concert. 玛丽不可能收到了我的信，否则她会去参加音乐会的。 ④Why are your eyes so red? You can’t have slept well last night. 你的眼睛怎么这么红的？你昨天晚上一定没有睡好吧。 ⑤With the eyes of students across the nation upon her, she might have inspired an entirely new generation of astronauts and space scientists. 在全国学生的目光注视下，她可能已经激励了整个新一代宇航员和太空科学家。 ⑥There are several theories about why dinosaurs suddenly died out, one of which says their disappearance might have been caused by the climate change. 关于恐龙为何突然灭绝有几种理论，其中一种认为恐龙的消失可能是气候变化造成的。 ⑦Someone must have left the tap on, for the water was running over and flooding the bathroom. 一定是有人没关水龙头，因为水溢出来淹了浴室。 ⑧—Sorry, I am late. —Why, you needn’t have come to the company today. It is Sunday. “对不起，我迟到了。”“你今天本来不必来公司的。今天是星期天。” ⑨—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again. —Oh, it’s too bad. You should/ought to have made full preparations. “对不起，妈妈！我的面试又失败了。”“哦，太糟糕了。你本应该做充分的准备。” 4. too… to…句型 【原句呈现】His mouth was too dry to speak but he could not reach for the water now.(P53 Lines 21-22) 他的嘴干得说不出话来，但他现在不能伸手去拿水喝。 【拓展延伸】 ①该句中“too＋形容词dry＋to speak”结构简称为“too...to”句型。这种结构是英语中常用的一种句型， 在大多数情况下表示否定意义，在翻译时，通常可译为“太……而不能……”、“太……无法……”。 ②变式：▲too＋adj./adv.＋for... to do：在此结构中加上一个for...，以表示动词不定式的逻辑主语。 ▲too＋adj.＋a(an)＋n.＋to do. 注意：与so...that..和such ... that ...句型的转换； 与enough... to...句型的转换。 ③“too...to”不表示否定意义的情况：too...to结构之前带有but, only, just, simply, all, never, not时，是强调肯定的表示法，译作“非常……、十分……、实在……、真是太……”等；“too...to”结构中带有表示某种心情或描绘性的形容词或副词，如ready, eager, satisfied, kind, willing, easy, anxious等加动词不定式结合成一个不可分割的状态、态度、倾向或心情等。 【完成句子】 ①The apples on the tree are too high for me to reach./The apples on the tree are so high that I can’t reach them.树上的苹果太高了，我够不着。 ②Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night would be freezing cold, too cold for us to live.(如果)没有大气保存太阳部分的热量，地球的晚上也会刺骨的寒冷，冷得让我们无法生存。 ③It’s not too late to deal with the problem now, although time is limited. 尽管时间有限，但现在处理这个问题还不算太晚。 ④See that big stone? Actually, it’s too big a stone for everyone to carry it. See that big stone? Actually, it’s such a big stone that no one can carry it. See that big stone? Actually, it’s so big a stone that no one can carry it. 看到那块大石头了吗?事实上，这是一块大石头，没人能搬得动。 ⑤The problem is too hard for him to work out./The problem isn’t easy enough for him to work out. 这道题太难了，他解不出来。 ⑥I shall be only too pleased to get home.我要回到家里就非常高兴。 ⑦I’m too glad to see you again.又见到你我很高兴。 ⑧We are too ready to help you.我们很乐意帮助你。 ⑨It is never too old to learn.活到老学到老。 ⑩It’s never too late to stop smoking.戒烟何时都不算晚。 一、单词拼写(根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的完全形式) 1.The police ________(公布) a detailed________(描述) of the wanted suspect who might have robbed the antique shop the night before. 2.The latest album from the band ________(以……为特色)their new single has met with a mixed reception from fans. 3.The presenter will show how students can use PPT to confidently present their creative thinking on a variety of ________(话题). 4.She’s always been ________(吝啬的)with money.Whenever we eat out, she never pays a bill. 5.He is not selfish; on the contrary, he is very n________ and________(慷慨的). 6.We will be having a debate/discussion on some environmental ________(问题)all afternoon tomorrow. 7.People say that 18 marks a new ________(篇章)in our lives, and that we should become more independent. 8.The artists s________ music and dances with local ________(特色)at the folk festival, winning applause at intervals. 9.Li Bai’s romantic style was also deeply rooted in the social and historical ________(语境) in which he lived. 10.________(小说)are ________(能够) of mixing fantastic and realistic ________(元素). 11.Now that you are familiar with the ________(作者的) idea(s), try reading all the ________(部分)as quickly as possible. 12.We have narrowed the g________ between the rich and the poor even if/even though there is a long way to go. 13.The red-crowned crane has a snow-white body and tail feather, which gives it a kind of n________ and unmatched beauty. 14.The thoughts of leaving once f________ through his mind, but he quickly gave up on the idea and found ways to face these challenges. 15.I believe nothing could prevent you from making progress if you put your heart and s________ into your study. 16.Be aware of the terrible s________ it can put on a child when you expect the best grades. 17.I have a good command of English. T________, I have no trouble in communicating with our foreign guests. 18.It’s my honor to be invited to go cycling a________ with you in the forest park this weekend. 19.Can red TV dramas a________ a strong desire in young people to learn about China’s revolutionary history? The answer is yes. 20.Their first a________ to make popcorn failed, but they didn’t acknowledge d________. The brave boys wouldn’t be by the temporary failure. 二、词性/形转换(用所给单词的正确形式填空) 1.People discussed the topic with great _________(earnest)and were unable to come to any definite conclusion. 2.Have you any excuse to offer for frequent absence from _________(collect)practice? 3.It is _________(earnest)hoped that you will help accomplish the matter. 4.Zheng He’s_________(accomplish)are now widely acknowledged, and he is remembered as one of China’s most influential explorers. 5.Being an _________(accomplish) cook, he enjoys very good salary. 6.To the Lighthouseis Virginia Woolf’s most _________(autobiography)novel. 7.He made his name with several _________(collect)of short stories. 8.The girl was then hit a second time by another van before an elderly trash _________(collect)came to her aid, according to some witnesses. 9.The KSP mission will use multi-stage liquid engines like commercial ________(launch), recover all sections of the rocket and could, in theory, be turned around for a second launch within 24 hours. 10.A  _________(transport)is a large vehicle or an aeroplane that is used for carrying very large or heavy objects. 11.—Professor Li, how can my son develop his interest in _________ ? —You may first expose him to classical _________ works.(literate) 12.Equipping children in primary schools with the basic skills of _________(literate)is high on the agenda. 13.When he was a child, he had a passion for literature and wished to become a _________(novel). But now he is regarded as a famous journalist. 14.At the end of the lecture, the speaker ________ up his topic. His ________ made the speech more impressive. (sum) 15.I’ll just _________(sum)the main points of the argument in a few words if I may. 16.Relief agencies say the immediate problem is not a lack of food, but _________(transport). 17._________(universe)access to education is the ability of all people to have equal opportunity in education, regardless of their social class, ethnicity, background or physical disabilities. 18.Thank you for contributing ________(generous)to the scholarship fund.  19.As a ________(permanence)member of the UN Security Council, China has played an important part in international affairs in a responsible manner. 20.They loved the old town and decided to settle down ________(permanence). 21.He would make an appointment with him to _________(straight)out a couple of things. 22.I was overwhelmed by the _________(generous)of friends and neighbours.   23.The houses are _________(specific)designed for old people. 24.When it comes to learning English, it’s _________(universe)recognized that there is nothing better than staying with native English speakers. 25.Make a comparison between _________(poet)and novels, and you will know they are two different forms of literature. 26.He has sung many beautiful songs and written many _________(poet)lyrics, which lives up to his reputation as a productive musician. 27.The young man felt ________ sorry for his ________ behaviour that day.(extreme) 28.The West Lake is very beautiful and it is beyond _________(describe). 29.However, throughout his life, Charles Dickens only shared his suffering experience with his close friend and _________(autobiography), John Forster. 30.It was _________(generous)of him not to recognize all her hard work. 三、短语填空(从“背”一本“短语”栏目中选择恰当的短语填空) 说明：每个短语只能用一次，且选择范围不包括拓展短语。 1.I attach great significance to working out at school, so we students __________ have PE classes actively and punctually. 2.She was __________ through the speech when he quietly slipped out of the conference room. 3.Is there anything else ____________ that you’d like to _____________ me? 4.Happiness is a flower living in the sunshine, and it is not difficult to __________ it. 5.It is well worth ________________ promote the public awareness of environmental protection. 6.When carrying out the new experiment, they ______________ their previous experience, but failed to succeed.  7.If you don’t seize the day to ________________ your studies, you are bound to be overcome with regret. 8.You have responsibility for _____________ the classroom after class. 9.Since then, I have not hesitated to be ________________ others, especially when they need company. 10.These sounds seemed to be from another world and the child listened to them ____________. 11.The salesman complained to his colleague that the boss moved the goalposts when he ________________ achieving the goal. 12.Why don’t you ________________ that you’re too ill to work on? 13.___________, we _____________ the school to make the relevant rules and regulations to prohibit students from throwing away waste. 14.No one knows what lies ________________ tomorrow. But we can try to prepare accordingly. 15.He ________________ memorizing fifty English words in five minutes, so he has the capacity to understand the difficult English article. 四、核心词汇(根据要求完成相关任务) 1. devote 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①_________ all his life to educating his _________ students, the old teacher was admired for his _________ to the education cause. ②He is a _________(devote)advocate, who strongly advocates clean energies such as the energy of the sun, the wind and etc. instead of using whose that pollute our environment. 完成句子 ③我决定全身心投入完成研究课题的任务中，而他则开发科学模型。 I decided to ____________________ the task of working with the subjects, while he developed the scientific model. ④由于我的精力都集中在复习上，我没有时间和朋友在线聊天。 With ________________________, I have no time to chat with my friends online. ⑤我叔叔决定把余生献给科学研究。 My uncle decided to ______________________ scientific study. 2. appeal 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①Jogging has become an _________ form of physical exercise, which _________ to both men and women. ②The _________ of the amusement park for children is more than some adults can understand. 完成句子 ③他建议我们就判决结果向高等法院提起上诉。 He suggested we _______________________________ the sentence. ④我写信是为了我呼吁同学们去参观这个艺术展，它展示了中国文化的多样性和魅力。 I am writing to ____________________________, which shows the diversity and charm of Chinese culture. ⑤这部电影对年轻观众非常有吸引力。 The film __________________ young audiences. ⑥我们主张通过谈判解决国际争端，而不是诉诸武力。 We advocate solving international dispute by negotiation, ___________________ arms. ⑦他决不会向他们乞求怜悯。 He will never _______________. ⑧这个群山环绕的美丽的小山村非常吸引人，结果吸引了来自全国各地的游客。 The beautiful village surrounded by many mountains _____________________ from all over the country. ⑨越来越多的人喜欢住在农村，农村对人们的吸引力在于安静和慢节奏的生活。 More and more people prefer to live in the countryside, __________________ lies in the quiet and slow-paced life. ⑩我们保留上诉法庭的权利。 We reserve the right to _______________________. 3. determine 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①Knowing age is not a ________ factor in the choice of the work, he is ________ to have a try. ②She is a ________ girl, so we know that once she has ________ to do something, she will make her dream come true with great ________. 完成句子 ③我决心在英语上取得进步，比以往任何时候都更加努力。 __________________________, I work harder than ever. I _________________________, so I work harder than ever. ④他的伟大发现有赖于他对科学的决心和献身精神。 His great discovery ____________________________ science. ⑤他的劝告使我决定不再抽烟喝酒了。 His advice _________________________ again./His advice _________________________ no more. ⑥正是在那个时候，我决定学习一种新的技能来丰富我的生活，所以我向我的母亲寻求帮助。 It was at that time that I _________________ a new skill to enrich my life，so I turned to my mother for help. ⑦简决心过一种充实的生活，不管未来如何。 Jane ___________________ a fulfilling life regardless of what the future holds. 4. significant 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①Most students think it ________ to join the English corner, though a few haven't realized the ________ of it. ②The two sets of figures are not _________ different.  ③This ________ reduces the cost of processing messages. 完成句子 ④阅读之所以非常重要，是因为它能开阔你的视野，带来许多乐趣。 __________________________ because it can broaden one’s vision and bring much fun. ⑤尽管有些问题看起来微不足道，但如果我们不重视，它们可能会导致巨大的灾难。 ___________ as some problems seem, they may lead to huge disasters if we don’t __________________them. ⑥要高度重视保护自然资源。 _____________________________ protecting natural resources. ⑦一个理论，无论多么好，如果不付诸实践，就毫无意义。 A theory, however good it is, is _____________________ without being put into practice. ⑧重要的是孩子们不应该撒谎。 ___________________________________ ⑨你今天的成功可能会对你的整个未来产生重大影响。 Your success today _____________________________. 5. contain 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①The children are asked to guess what’s in each plastic ________ by dipping their hands in. ②These Shipping _________ are gaining popularity as an alternative to traditional houses. 完成句子 ③看！盒子里有许多信，其中包括他的学生寄来的。 Look! The box _____________________, which __________ those from his students. ④这本书含有10章，其中包括美国文学。 The book __________________, _____________________________. ⑤听到这个激动人心的消息，他激动得几乎控制不住自己。 Hearing the exciting news, he was so excited that he ______________________. ⑥看到她的偶像出现在舞台上，多萝西无法抑制她的兴奋。 Seeing her idol appear on the stage, Dorothy was unable _________________. ⑦一些外国领导人想知道，中国政府是如何能够如此迅速有效地遏制病毒的传播的。 Some foreign leaders were wondering how it was that the Chinese government could ___________________ the virus so quickly and effectively. ⑧感到绝望，简无法克制后悔的泪水。 Feeling desperate, Jane couldn’t _____________________. ⑨当父亲听到儿子因行为不端而被停学的消息时，他几乎无法抑制自己的愤怒。 The father ________________________ when hearing the news that his son was suspended from the school due to misbehavior. ⑩我相信野生动物保护区将能够容纳数千只猴子，并将很快解决人类与猴子冲突的问题。 I believe the wildlife preserve will ______________________ and will solve the problem of human-monkey conflict very quickly. 6. sensitive 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①Jack is a _________ boy, but he tends to pretend that he doesn’t care what other people say about him. ②He was very ________ of the difficult situation she was in. ③You might get behind if you spend too much time debating ________ issues. ④Such is the ________ of the information that only two people are allowed to know it.  ⑤He is equipped with a deep ________ of justice and responsibility.   完成句子 ⑥他对自己的伤疤很敏感，认为每个人都在盯着他看。 He _______________________ and thought everyone was staring at him. ⑦“Cathy，你真的能理解我的意思吗？”“我很抱歉。我真没理解你的意思。” —Can you really _________________, Cathy? —I’m sorry. Your meaning didn’t really get across. ⑧就为了省几美元而购买最便宜的电脑，简直没有意义。 _________________________ to buy the cheapest computer just to save a few dollars. ⑨年轻人对外表很在意。 Young people are very ________________________. ⑩从某种意义上说，多年的经济衰退仍然是影响整个国家经济的祸根。 ______________________, years of economic recession remained an evil that touched the whole national economy． ⑪她可能意识到了我并没有对她全盘托出。 ______________________ I wasn’t telling her the whole story. 7. reflect 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①Take a boat trip and you will be attracted by the odd peaks along the river and their ________ in the clear water. ②The reason why he is lost in ________ is that he is ________ on the problem, which ________ in the list. ③Is there any scientific evidence that a person’s character ________ in their handwriting? ④Wear clothes with _________ material so you are visible to drivers.  ⑤Sitting in his wicker chair, he gazed _________ at the fire  ⑥When he is alone, he is often _________ _________ _________.   完成句子 ⑦他沉迷于反思的原因是他在思考这个问题，这个问题反映在清单上。 The reason why he is lost in ________ is that he ____________, which ___________ in the list. ⑧重要的不是故事本身，而是故事中所反映的东西。 It is not the story itself but ___________________ in the story that counts. ⑨面对失败，我们需要做的是冷静下来，反思我们的学习方法或向老师请教。 In the face of failure, what we need to do is calm down and ________________ or ask the teachers for advice. ⑩湖面平静清澈，一座古塔倒映在水面上。 The lake is calm and clear, and __________________ the water.   ⑪经过深思熟虑，他决定转到另一个话题。 _______________, he decided to switch over to another topic. ⑫回想起她的志愿者经历，蒂娜为自己和当地同事一起取得的成就感到自豪。 ________________________, Tina felt proud of what she managed to achieve together with her local colleague. 8. capable 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①She’s a very ________ teacher and has the ________ to stimulate students’ interest. ②Feeling the need to change, Leah star ted playing with future possibilities by exploring her interests and developing new ________. ③If people keep telling you you’re _________, you begin to lose confidence in yourself.  完成句子 ④只有能够随机应变的人才能在21世纪的激烈竞争中生存下来。 Only those who _____________________ changing circumstances can survive the intense competition in the 21st century. ⑤这项测试的目的就是看看学生们是否能够应用已学的知识。 The purpose of this test is to see ______________________________________. 9. particular 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①He said receiving the prize was ________ important to him, because it proved that his work to save birds was meaningful. ②During his speech, he laid/put ________ stress on the freedom of the press. ③They must be anxious to want to know the ________ . 完成句子 ④布朗先生是一个思想非常开放的人，对这些小事不会挑剔。 Mr. Brown is a very open-minded man, and won’t ____________________________. ⑤如果你对这个项目有什么特别想知道的，请随时联系我。 Should ______________________, you’d like to know about this project, please feel free to contact me. ⑥在中国参加朋友的晚宴时，你最好行为举止恰当，尤其要注意你的餐桌礼仪。 When you attend your friend’s dinner party in China, you’d better behave properly, _______________ __________________________________. 10. destroy 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①In the great fire, the woods were lucky to escape ________． ②This kind of weapon has great ________. ③With their habitats ________, many animals have gone extinct. ④With more forests ________, large quantities of good earth are being washed away each year. ⑥He’s never thought of getting addicted to drugs and what _________ dangers they will bring him. ⑦The company is the world’s largest _________ of tropical forests. 完成句子 ⑧我要告诉你，怀疑会摧毁你的信心，使你一事无成。 I’m telling you that doubt will ________________ and make you accomplish nothing. ⑨要是我年轻点儿或幼稚点儿，这批评可能已经把我毁了。 If I were younger or more naive, the criticism _______________________. ⑩这次事故对我的车造成了一些损坏，但并不严重。 The accident ________________________ my car, but it was nothing serious. ⑪美丽的风景被现代化的建筑破坏了。 The beautiful landscape _________________________. 11. attempt 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①The man is being questioned in relation to the ________ murder last night. ②He failed in all his ________ to finish the task, but he didn’t lose heart. 完成句子 ③为了通过考试，她整晚都在背单词。 ______________________, she has been reciting the words all the night. ④由于俄罗斯天然气对欧洲的限制，人们正在尝试使用植物燃料作为能源。 Because of the Russian gas limit to Europe, _________________ botanical fuel as a source of power. ⑤在接下来的几天里，我们试图到处寻找我们的爱犬，但都是徒劳。 In the next few days we ____________________ our beloved dog in each and every corner, but in vain. ⑥我考驾驶执照时一次就通过了。 I passed my driving test ______________. 12. confused 用该词条恰当的形式填空 ①He was really ________ by the ________ problem which also ________ people for a long time. ②The snow lasted a week, resulting in a traffic ________ in the whole area. 完成句子 ③从他困惑的表情来看，我知道他对这个令人困惑的问题迷惑不解。 From his ________ look, I know he ________ the ________ question. ④不好意思，我不认识你。或许你把我和其他人混淆了 I’m sorry I don’t know you. Maybe you ____________________ someone else. ④注意不要把数量与质量混淆了/混为一谈。 Be careful not to ________________________.  ⑤父亲皱起眉头，困惑而担忧地望着我。 My father wrinkled his forehead and gazed at me, ___________________. ⑥____________________________ is how he made it without anyone else’s help. 五、句型仿写 1.我们正在田间劳动，这时突然听到求救的喊声。 We were __________________________________ someone cried for help. 2.我刚要离开这时我听到有人敲门。 I ________________________ I heard someone knocking at the door. 3.我刚对伤者进行了急救，这时救护车就来了。 I ______________________________ when the ambulance arrived. 4.说实话，是你而不是我在比赛中跑了第一名。 To tell the truth, ________________________ to run to the goal in the competition. 5.至于环境保护，起作用的不是我们说什么，而是我们做什么。 As for the environmental protection, _______________________ makes a difference. 6.困难的时候，我们需要的不是相互抱怨而是互相理解。 In time of difficulty, what we need is __________________________. 7.这个男孩考试成绩总是很好，不是因为他很聪明，而是因为他学习非常努力。 The boy always does a good job in exams, ______________________________________________. 8.他如此见多识广，一定去过很多地方且读过很多书。 He’s so well-informed. He ________________________and read many books. 9.史密斯先生不可能去上海了，因为我刚才在图书馆看见他了。 Mr. Smith ___________________________, for I saw him just now. 10.要不是妈妈坚持让她去，她可能会就失去了这个机会了。 _______________________ if her mother hadn’t insisted on her going. 11.汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。 Tom, you are too lazy. _______________________ yesterday. 12.听到我在英语演讲比赛中获得一等奖的消息，我兴奋得睡不着觉。 Hearing I had won first prize in the English Speech Contest, ________________________. 13.世界各国都面临着重大问题，这些问题太复杂了，任何一个国家，都无法单独解决这些问题。 Countries across the world are facing major problems which __________________________________. 14.这么多人注视着她，她紧张得说不出话来。 She ______________________ with so many eyes fixed on her. 15.我写信告诉你，我非常高兴接受你的盛情邀请。 I’m writing to tell you I am _____________________________. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$