精品解析：湖南省岳阳市2024届高三下学期考情信息卷英语试题

2024年岳阳市高考信息卷 英语学科 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What will the man do next? A. Schedule an appointment. B. Have a check-up. C. Take some medicine. 2. How did Susan go to work this morning? A. By subway. B. By bike. C. By car. 3. When is the opening of the hotel? A. On April 21st. B. On April 23rd. C. On April 24th. 4. What is the weather like in the afternoon? A. Sunny. B. Windy. C. Rainy. 5. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a hotel. B. At a lab. C. At the customs. 第二节 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. Why does the woman prefer print reading? A. To enhance the reading experience. B. To access content more conveniently. C. To avoid distractions from social media. 7. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Schoolmates. B. A couple . C. Neighbors. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. What can we say about the woman? A. She suffers from sleeplessness. B. She feels physically exhausted at work. C. She struggles to maximize her free time. 9. What does the man suggest the woman do? A. Stay away from electronic products. B. Develop a relaxing bedtime routine. C. Keep inactive half an hour before bedtime. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. Who is probably the woman? A. An animal protection advocate. B. A wildlife biologist. C. A programmer. 11. What is harder to achieve when people create a wildlife garden? A. Demanding food. B. Clean water resources. C. Comfortable breeding places. 12. What does the woman mean in the end? A. The program is rewarding. B. The program requires a certificate. C. Participation in the program needs community approval. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. What does the woman inquire about the job at the beginning? A. Its working hours. B. Its responsibilities. C. Its workplace. 14. What is the last job requirement according to the man? A. Minding the updates. B. Organizing exhibits. C. Assisting guests. 15. What does the man think is of the same importance as education? A. On-the-job training. B. First-hand experience. C Considerable physical strength. 16. What do we know about the woman? A. She is a multilingual speaker. B. She didn’t earn an undergraduate degree. C. She stands out from the other candidates. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. Why does the speaker give the talk? A. To correct people’s attitudes to aging. B. To conduct a public opinion survey. C. To share his report on population change. 18. What percentage of people in Singapore care about the aging problem? A. 32%. B. 55%. C. 66%. 19. What is the first problem mentioned brought about by the aging population? A. The rising tax burden. B. The huge demand for health care. C. The increasing employment pressure. 20. What is the speaker’s suggestion? A. Raising taxes. B. Providing satisfactory pensions. C. Giving full play to the elder’s advantages. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Britain is arguably the great walking nation. About two-thirds of us already head out to stretch our legs once a week. The following festivals offer a wealth of organized walks, but walkers should register in advance. Prestatyn and Clwydian Range festival Visitors to Wales tend to move west, to either the well-worn tracks of Snowdonia or the Pembrokeshire Coast Path. There are 25 walks packed into the three days, with various options available, including a half-mile Roman-themed adventure, an eight-mile walk exploring the life of 18th-century Welsh naturalist and travel writer Thomas Pennant and a 21-mile Offa’s Dyke challenge. All walks are free. Denbighshire, Wales, 19-21 May Otley walking festival This local festival has grown from humble origins in 2000 into a busy schedule of 50 short-distance walks and events celebrating the lives and landscapes of Wharfedale in West Yorkshire. One might enjoy the Five Pubs Walk, Walking With Wine, Four More Pubs or Lost Pubs of Otley. All walks are free, though there is sometimes a small charge for transport. Otley, West Yorkshire, 24 June-3 July Dartmoor offroading walking festival Dartmoor delights (使高兴) walkers because, while tracks are there to be followed, the lack of wire and other barriers, and the relatively small number of farm buildings on the higher ground, create a sensation of freedom. The six free wheelchair walks, starting daily at 11am, explore Dartmoor’s industrial history, bronze age valuables and Victorian railway builders. Devon, 27 August-2 September Gower walking festival With more superb walking options inside a single landscape than perhaps anywhere else, the Gower peninsula (半岛) sometimes feels as if it’s all coast. The further information for this nine-day festival, celebrating the 10th anniversary of the Wales Coast Path (WCP), has yet to be finalized. Half of the walks offered during the festival will be on the coastal path, £10 adults, over-sixes £6. Glamorgan, 2-10 September 1. Which festival is friendly to the disabled? A. Prestatyn and Clwydian Range festival. B. Otley walking festival. C. Dartmoor offroading walking festival. D. Gower walking festival. 2. What do we know about Gower walking festival? A. It has the most superb walking options. B. Half of the walks last for a whole week. C. It’s aimed to advocate coastal protection. D. The final details remain to be confirmed. 3. What do the listed festivals have in common? A. They are offered free of charge. B. They require prior registeration. C. They take advantage of the coast. D. They are physically demanding. B In 1975, a San Diego homemaker named Marjorie Rice came across a column in Scientific American about tiling (瓷砖). There is a problem which has interested mathematicians since ancient Greek times. After Rice’s chance encounter with tiling, family members often saw her in the kitchen constantly drawing shapes. “I thought she was just drawing casually,” her daughter Kathy said. But Rice who took only one year of math in high school, was actually discovering never-before-seen patterns. Born in Florida, she loved learning and particularly her brief exposure to math, but tight budget and social culture prevented her family from even considering that she might attend college. “For Rice, math was a pleasure,” her son David once said. Rice gave one of her sons a subscription to Scientific American partly because she could read it carefully while the children were at school. When she read Gardner’s column about tiling as she later recalled in an interview: “I thought it must be wonderful that someone could discover these beautiful patterns which no one had seen before.” She also wrote in an essay, “My interest was engaged by the subject and I wanted to understand every detail of it. Lacking a mathematical background, I developed my own symbol system and in a few months discovered a new type.” Astonished and delighted, she sent her work to Gardner, who sent it to Doris, a tiling expert at Moravian College. Doris confirmed that Rice’s finding was correct. Later, Rice declined to lecture on her discoveries, citing shyness, but at Doris’s invitation, she attended a university mathematics meeting, where she was introduced to the audience. Rice still said nothing of her achievements to her children, but they eventually found out as the awards mounted. 4. Why did Rice often draw shapes in the kitchen? A To become a mathematician. B. To fill her leisure time. C. To explore the secret of tiling. D. To show her passion for drawing. 5. What can we learn about Rice from Paragraphs 2 and 3? A. She longed to start a column. B. She succeeded in developing a system. C. She was good at designing patterns. D. She was rejected from a college. 6. What is the text mainly about? A. The magic of math. B. The patterns of tiling. C. The modesty of Rice. D. The efforts of Rice. 7. What can we learn from the Rice’s experience? A. Every cloud has a silver lining. B. Actions speak louder than words. C. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. D. Great minds think alike. C For decades, scientists thought of the brain as the most valuable and consequently most closely guarded part of the body. Locked safely behind the blood-brain barrier, it was broadly free of the harm of viruses and the battles started by the immune system (免疫系统). Then, about 20 years ago, some researchers began to wonder: is the brain really so separated from the body? The answer, according to a growing body of evidence, is no. The list of brain conditions that have been associated with changes elsewhere in the body is long and growing. Changes in the makeup of the microorganisms in the digestive system have been linked to disorders such as Parkinson’s disease. There is also a theory that infection during pregnancy could lead to brain diseases in babies. The effect is two-way. There is a lengthening list of symptoms not typically viewed as disorders of the nervous system, but the brain plays a large part in them. For example, the development of a fever is influenced by a population of nerve cells that control body temperature and appetite. Evidence is mounting that cancers use nerves to grow and spread. The interconnection between the brain and body has promising implications for our ability to both understand and treat illnesses. If some brain disorders start outside the brain, then perhaps treatments for them could also reach in from outside. Treatments that take effect through the digestive system, the heart or other organs, would be much easier and less risky than those that must cross the blood-brain barrier. It also works in the opposite direction. Study shows mice have healthier hearts after receiving stimulation to a brain area involved in positive emotion and motivation. Activation of the brain reward centre — called the ventral tegmental area (VTA) — seems to cause immune changes that contribute to it. Working out how this happens could help to destroy cancers, enhance responses to vaccines and even re-evaluate physical diseases that, for centuries, have not been considered as being psychologically driven. 8. What do the researchers focus on about the brain? A. Its protecting system. B. Its exposure to diseases. C. Its controlling function. D. Its connection to the body. 9. How does the author support his idea in paragraph 2? A. By explaining a theory. B. By providing examples. C. By making comparisons. D. By presenting cause and effect. 10. Which best describes treatments that do not cross the blood-brain barrier? A. Cheaper. B. More specific. C. Safer. D. More direct. 11. What does the study suggest in the last paragraph? A. Brain health depends on immune changes. B. Brain stimulation leads to negative emotions. C. The brain can help enhance psychological health. D. The brain may be key to treating physical diseases. D Evolution (进化) can perform extraordinary makeovers; today’s airborne songbirds evolved from the wingless, earthbound dinosaurs that wandered millions of years ago. But some organisms seem to be unchanged — in other words, escape natural selection. The coelacanth, a modern-day fish, is nearly identical to its 410-million-year-old fossils. Scientists have long wondered how these species do so It has been assumed that natural selection keeps some species unchanged by selecting for moderate or average qualities (stabilizing selection) rather than selecting for more extreme qualities that would cause a species to change (directional selection). But a study published in the National Academy of Sciences USA contradicts this idea, showing that evolution constantly favors different qualities in seemingly unchanging animals to improve short-term survival. In the long term, though, “all that evolution cancels out and leads to no change,” says the study’s lead author, James Stroud. Stroud and his colleagues studied for lizard (蜥蜴) specios; all relatively unchanged for 20 million years. The researchers caught members of these populations every six months for three years. They measured each lizard’s head size, leg length, mass and height, as well as the size of its sticky toes (脚趾头), noting which individuals survived. Stroud expected to observe stabılızıng selection at work preserving moderate qualities. Instead he saw clearer evidence of directional selection: some lizards with unique characteristics, such as stickier toes, survived better. “The study offers a good explanation for why we see what we think is stabiliring selection,” says Tadashi Fukami, an ecologist studying evolution at Stanford University. Many new qualities are evolving in the short term, but they don’t provide a crucial advantage over the long term. In other words, species staying unchanged may simply have found the best possible combination of qualities for lasting success in their environment. So what happens when the lizards’ environment changes more dramatically? To help answer this bigger question, Stroud is still making trips to visit the lizards. 12. Why does the author mention the “coelacanth fish” in paragraph 1? A To demonstrate the power of evolution. B. To add evidence to natural selection. C. To give an example of unchanged species. D. To prove species' extraordinary makeovers. 13. What's the focus of paragraph 2? A. Unsolved mysteries. B. A common belief. C. A sharp contrast. D. Unique Characteristics. 14. How did Stroud conduct his research? A. By analyzing lizard fossils. B. By tracking research objects. C. By illustrating stabilizing selection. D. By categorizing qualities of lizards. 15. What will Stroud probably do in the future? A. Make trips to visit lizard experts. B. Summarize average features of lizards. C. Reveal the best combinations of qualities. D. Examine lizards under extreme conditions. 第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Do you think you need to shout at yourself to force yourself to finish your homework? If so, think again.____16____ Research shows that practicing self-compassion (自我关怀) improves our mental and physical well-being and supports long-term success. Self-compassion is the practice of being kind and supportive to ourselves. The opposite is being self-critical and mean to ourselves when we make a mistake. ____17____ These negative responses are related to depression, stress and reduced quality of life. A 2017 study found people who practice self-compassion tend to handle stress better. Their bodies have less of a stress response when, for example, they meet with difficulties at work or school. ____18____ Let’s say they do poorly on a geometry test. Self-compassion helps them use the experience to make changes going forward, like seeking out a math tutor. ____19____ We can start with mindfulness. First of all, practice observing our thoughts — are they understanding or critical? Don’t judge ourselves too severely then. Rather than getting caught up in how we could have done better, forgive ourselves and think about what to change while remaining respectful, and loving to ourselves. ____20____ We can read a novel, play a musical instrument or kick around a soccer ball with friends. With practice, we can learn to treat ourselves with kindness and unconditional love — not tough love. A. So how do we develop self-compassion? B. It may be more effective to be kind to yourself. C. It includes letting go of your strict self-criticism. D. Mindfulness is the key to practicing self-compassion. E. But this approach does not make us feel or perform better. F. They have more confidence to look for areas where they can improve. G. Also, show ourselves kindness in ways that nourish (滋养) our spirit and body. 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Lauren Schroeder was volunteering at a community food bank at age 14. As she filled bags with ____21____ groceries, she noticed that there were plenty of food that came in cans and boxes, but she didn't see anything ____22____ and healthy to give to families in need. Inspired to make a ____23____, she told her parents that she wanted to start a vegetable garden on their farm, so that people could get the ____24____ they needed. Although they were ____25____, her parents made her aware of how much work it would take. Still, the teenager was up for the ____26____. Lauren managed to receive a(n) ____27____ from a youth organization to pay for seeds and gardening ____28____. She did a lot of research online to find out what plants____29____ and what didn't, what needed shade, and which ones needed more water. Over the hot and dry summer, she _____30_____ her crops for weeds and watered them by hand every day. Her first harvest resulted in 40 pounds of produce that she then_____31_____ gave away to local food banks, a soup kitchen, and a nursing home. More _____32_____ than ever, she relaunched her project, doubling the size of her garden and _____33_____ her vegetable selection. So far, she has spent over 1,000 hours working in her garden and donated 7,000 pounds of home-grown produce. “I love _____34_____,” said Lauren, now 17. “Many people help you out, but it makes more _____35_____ when you help other people out.” 21. A. preserved B. donated C. selected D. traded 22. A. necessary B. beautiful C. valuable D. fresh 23. A. change B. request C. choice D. profit 24. A. guidance B. information C. nutrition D. service 25. A. supportive B. doubtful C. protective D. mindful 26. A. competition B. performance C. assignment D. challenge 27. A. invitation B. fund C. opinion D. certificate 28 A. methods B. products C. supplies D. lessons 29. A. worked B. developed C. happened D. improved 30. A. arranged B. checked C. prepared D. exchanged 31. A. carefully B. secretly C. temporarily D. generously 32. A. amused B. relieved C. motivated D. exhausted 33. A. expanding B. assessing C. presenting D. defending 34. A. moving on B. weighing up C. showing off D. giving back 35. A. effort B. difference C. money D. progress 第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Literally translated as the “Songs of Heroes” dance, Yingge Dance is 300-year-old folk dance that originated from the Chaoshan area of South China’s Guangdong Province. ___36___ (dress) in colorful costumes, performers wave wooden sticks in their hands ___37___ dancing in orderly formations to the music. Based on the stories of the 108 Heroes of Liangshan Mountain from the classic novel Outlaws of the Marsh, it is a folk art combining a variety of forms, ___38___ martial arts and Chinese operas to dance. In recent years, Chaoshan Yingge Dance has ___39___ (gradual) come into the public eye through transformations in performance form, style optimization, and opening up of information channels. In the Spring Festival of the Dragon Year, Yingge Dance once again ___40___ (dominate) the screens, ___41___ (it) dazzling and fiery wave of popularity continuing throughout the holiday, even sparking ___42___ brilliant cultural passion overseas. On the first and second days of the Lunar New Year, the Nanshan Yingge Team from Guangdong’s Puning made appearances at ___43___ (icon) British landmarks-the Burlington Arcade and Trafalgar Square-- ___44___ (bring) New Year greetings from Guangdong to overseas Chinese and foreign friends alike. The performances attracted over seven hundred thousand spectators and received ___45___ (cover) from over a hundred media outlets. 第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 （满分15分） 46. 你校计划举办主题为“极简电子产品生活方式—A lifestyle of digital minimalism”的英语作文比赛，请你写一则通知，内容包括： （1）介绍比赛目的； （2）说明参赛要求。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Welcome to Join the English Writing Competition ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 （满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 After a busy week, Emily and her parents decided to go on a mountain picnic. They longed to fully experience nature’s beauty and enjoy quality family time. Little did they know, this outing would be filled with unexpected twists and turns (波折). Arriving at the mountain’s base, they discovered a house, in front of which Mike and his father had just finished loading a boat onto Mike’s truck. Emily approached them and asked for the best picnic spot in the area. Knowing the mountain well, Mike suggested a location about two hours’ walk away. “It’s worth the effort,” he assured them. Parking their car next to Mike’s truck and carrying their picnic supplies, Emily and her parents set off on the winding road. Tall green trees on one side, a flowing stream on the other, the road eventually led them to a breathtaking clearing dotted with colorful wildflowers. They enjoyed their delicious sandwiches, fruits, and snacks, engaging in pleasant conversations. Just as they finished their meal and settled down to relax, dark clouds unexpectedly rolled in. It looked like rain. Panicked, they hurriedly set up the tent they had brought. No sooner had they entered than raindrops began pouring on the roof. Heavy rain enveloped the surroundings, making it impossible to see anything. They had no choice but to patiently wait it out. After what felt like a century, the rain ceased. Emily and her parents wasted no time packing up their belongings, ready to get downhill. However, their excitement turned to worry when they discovered that the small stream they had previously crossed had turned into a wide and impassable river. With no cellphone signal, they were trapped without a means of seeking help. To make matters worse, darkness was approaching. 注意： (1) 续写词数应为150个左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Suddenly, they heard the sound of a vehicle from across the river. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Emily and her parents boarded the boat. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1-5 CACBC 6-10 ABCBA 11-15 CABAB 16-20 AABBC 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024年岳阳市高考信息卷 英语学科 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What will the man do next? A. Schedule an appointment. B. Have a check-up. C. Take some medicine. 2. How did Susan go to work this morning? A. By subway. B. By bike. C. By car. 3. When is the opening of the hotel? A. On April 21st. B. On April 23rd. C. On April 24th. 4. What is the weather like in the afternoon? A. Sunny. B. Windy. C. Rainy. 5. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a hotel. B. At a lab. C. At the customs. 第二节 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. Why does the woman prefer print reading? A. To enhance the reading experience. B. To access content more conveniently. C. To avoid distractions from social media. 7. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Schoolmates. B. A couple . C. Neighbors. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. What can we say about the woman? A. She suffers from sleeplessness. B. She feels physically exhausted at work. C She struggles to maximize her free time. 9. What does the man suggest the woman do? A. Stay away from electronic products. B. Develop a relaxing bedtime routine. C. Keep inactive half an hour before bedtime. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. Who is probably the woman? A. An animal protection advocate. B. A wildlife biologist. C A programmer. 11. What is harder to achieve when people create a wildlife garden? A. Demanding food. B. Clean water resources. C. Comfortable breeding places. 12. What does the woman mean in the end? A. The program is rewarding. B. The program requires a certificate. C. Participation in the program needs community approval. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. What does the woman inquire about the job at the beginning? A. Its working hours. B. Its responsibilities. C. Its workplace. 14. What is the last job requirement according to the man? A. Minding the updates. B. Organizing exhibits. C. Assisting guests. 15. What does the man think is of the same importance as education? A. On-the-job training. B. First-hand experience. C. Considerable physical strength. 16. What do we know about the woman? A. She is a multilingual speaker. B. She didn’t earn an undergraduate degree. C. She stands out from the other candidates. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. Why does the speaker give the talk? A. To correct people’s attitudes to aging. B. To conduct a public opinion survey. C. To share his report on population change. 18. What percentage of people in Singapore care about the aging problem? A. 32%. B. 55%. C. 66%. 19. What is the first problem mentioned brought about by the aging population? A. The rising tax burden. B. The huge demand for health care. C. The increasing employment pressure. 20. What is the speaker’s suggestion? A. Raising taxes. B. Providing satisfactory pensions. C. Giving full play to the elder’s advantages. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Britain is arguably the great walking nation. About two-thirds of us already head out to stretch our legs once a week. The following festivals offer a wealth of organized walks, but walkers should register in advance. Prestatyn and Clwydian Range festival Visitors to Wales tend to move west, to either the well-worn tracks of Snowdonia or the Pembrokeshire Coast Path. There are 25 walks packed into the three days, with various options available, including a half-mile Roman-themed adventure, an eight-mile walk exploring the life of 18th-century Welsh naturalist and travel writer Thomas Pennant and a 21-mile Offa’s Dyke challenge. All walks are free. Denbighshire, Wales, 19-21 May Otley walking festival This local festival has grown from humble origins in 2000 into a busy schedule of 50 short-distance walks and events celebrating the lives and landscapes of Wharfedale in West Yorkshire. One might enjoy the Five Pubs Walk, Walking With Wine, Four More Pubs or Lost Pubs of Otley. All walks are free, though there is sometimes a small charge for transport. Otley, West Yorkshire, 24 June-3 July Dartmoor offroading walking festival Dartmoor delights (使高兴) walkers because, while tracks are there to be followed, the lack of wire and other barriers, and the relatively small number of farm buildings on the higher ground, create a sensation of freedom. The six free wheelchair walks, starting daily at 11am, explore Dartmoor’s industrial history, bronze age valuables and Victorian railway builders. Devon, 27 August-2 September Gower walking festival With more superb walking options inside a single landscape than perhaps anywhere else, the Gower peninsula (半岛) sometimes feels as if it’s all coast. The further information for this nine-day festival, celebrating the 10th anniversary of the Wales Coast Path (WCP), has yet to be finalized. Half of the walks offered during the festival will be on the coastal path, £10 adults, over-sixes £6. Glamorgan, 2-10 September 1. Which festival is friendly to the disabled? A. Prestatyn and Clwydian Range festival. B. Otley walking festival. C. Dartmoor offroading walking festival. D. Gower walking festival. 2. What do we know about Gower walking festival? A. It has the most superb walking options. B. Half of the walks last for a whole week. C. It’s aimed to advocate coastal protection. D. The final details remain to be confirmed. 3. What do the listed festivals have in common? A. They are offered free of charge. B. They require prior registeration. C. They take advantage of the coast. D. They are physically demanding. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国四个有名的步行节。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据Dartmoor offroading walking festival下列段落中“Dartmoor delights (使高兴) walkers because, while tracks are there to be followed, the lack of wire and other barriers, and the relatively small number of farm buildings on the higher ground, create a sensation of freedom. (Dartmoor让步行者感到高兴，因为尽管有小路可走，但没有电线和其他障碍物，高地上相对较少的农场建筑，给人一种自由的感觉)”可推知，这里对残疾人也是有帮助的。故选C项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Gower walking festival下列段落“The further information for this nine-day festival, celebrating the 10th anniversary of the Wales Coast Path (WCP), has yet to be finalized. (这个为期九天的节日庆祝威尔士海岸小径（WCP）十周年，其进一步信息尚未最终确定)”可知，关于Gower walking festival最后的细节还有待确定。故选D项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The following festivals offer a wealth of organized walks, but walkers should register in advance. (接下来的节日提供了丰富的有组织的步行活动，但步行者应该提前登记)”可知，这些节日的共同点是：要求提前登记。故选B项。 B In 1975, a San Diego homemaker named Marjorie Rice came across a column in Scientific American about tiling (瓷砖). There is a problem which has interested mathematicians since ancient Greek times. After Rice’s chance encounter with tiling, family members often saw her in the kitchen constantly drawing shapes. “I thought she was just drawing casually,” her daughter Kathy said. But Rice who took only one year of math in high school, was actually discovering never-before-seen patterns. Born in Florida, she loved learning and particularly her brief exposure to math, but tight budget and social culture prevented her family from even considering that she might attend college. “For Rice, math was a pleasure,” her son David once said. Rice gave one of her sons a subscription to Scientific American partly because she could read it carefully while the children were at school. When she read Gardner’s column about tiling as she later recalled in an interview: “I thought it must be wonderful that someone could discover these beautiful patterns which no one had seen before.” She also wrote in an essay, “My interest was engaged by the subject and I wanted to understand every detail of it. Lacking a mathematical background, I developed my own symbol system and in a few months discovered a new type.” Astonished and delighted, she sent her work to Gardner, who sent it to Doris, a tiling expert at Moravian College. Doris confirmed that Rice’s finding was correct. Later, Rice declined to lecture on her discoveries, citing shyness, but at Doris’s invitation, she attended a university mathematics meeting, where she was introduced to the audience. Rice still said nothing of her achievements to her children, but they eventually found out as the awards mounted. 4. Why did Rice often draw shapes in the kitchen? A. To become a mathematician. B. To fill her leisure time. C. To explore the secret of tiling. D. To show her passion for drawing. 5. What can we learn about Rice from Paragraphs 2 and 3? A. She longed to start a column. B. She succeeded in developing a system. C. She was good at designing patterns. D. She was rejected from a college. 6. What is the text mainly about? A. The magic of math. B. The patterns of tiling. C. The modesty of Rice. D. The efforts of Rice. 7. What can we learn from the Rice’s experience? A. Every cloud has a silver lining. B. Actions speak louder than words. C. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. D. Great minds think alike. 【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，1975年，圣地亚哥一位名叫马乔里·赖斯（Marjorie Rice ）的家庭主妇在《科学美国人》杂志上偶然看到一篇关于瓷砖的专栏文章，因为想探索瓷砖的秘密，Rice经常在厨房里画形状，虽缺乏数学背景（高中只学了一年数学），但她凭借自己对数学的热情潜心研究，开发了自己的符号系统，坚持不懈，发现了以前从未见过的图案。 4题详解】 推理判断题。由第一段中“After Rice’s chance encounter with tiling, family members often saw her in the kitchen constantly drawing shapes. (Rice偶然接触瓷砖后，家人经常看到她在厨房里不停地画形状)”和第三段中“She also wrote in an essay, “My interest was engaged by the subject and I wanted to understand every detail of it. (她还在一篇文章中写道，“我对这个主题很感兴趣，我想了解它的每一个细节)”可知，Rice对瓷砖这个主题很感兴趣，想了解它的每一个细节，可得出因为想探索瓷砖的秘密，所以Rice经常在厨房里画形状。故选C项。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。由第三段中“Lacking a mathematical background, I developed my own symbol system and in a few months discovered a new type. (由于缺乏数学背景，我开发了自己的符号系统，并在几个月内发现了一种新的类型)”可知，Rice成功地开发了一个系统。故选B项。 【6题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“In 1975, a San Diego homemaker named Marjorie Rice came across a column in  Scientific American  about tiling (瓷砖). There is a problem which has interested mathematicians since ancient Greek times. After Rice’s chance encounter with tiling, family members often saw her in the kitchen constantly drawing shapes. “I thought she was just drawing casually,” her daughter Kathy said. But Rice who took only one year of math in high school, was actually discovering never-before-seen patterns.(1975年，一位名叫马乔里·赖斯(Marjorie Rice)的圣地亚哥家庭主妇在《科学美国人》(Scientific American)上看到了一篇关于瓷砖的专栏文章(瓷砖)。自古希腊时代起，就有一个问题一直引起数学家的兴趣。在赖斯偶然接触到瓷砖之后，家人经常看到她在厨房里不停地画画。“我以为她只是随便画画，”她的女儿凯西说。但赖斯在高中只学了一年数学，却发现了以前从未见过的模式。)”马乔里·赖斯（Marjorie Rice ）凭借自己对数学的热情潜心研究，开发了自己的符号系统，坚持不懈，发现了以前从未见过的图案，D项“赖斯的努力”符合文意。故选D项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文可知，1975年，圣地亚哥一位名叫马乔里·赖斯（Marjorie Rice ）的家庭主妇在《科学美国人》杂志上偶然看到一篇关于瓷砖的专栏文章，因为想探索瓷砖的秘密，Rice经常在厨房里画形状，虽缺乏数学背景（高中只学了一年数学），但她凭借自己对数学的热情潜心研究，开发了自己的符号系统，坚持不懈，发现了以前从未见过的图案，文章告诉我们“世上无难事，只怕有心人（Nothing is impossible to a willing mind.）”。故选C项。 C For decades, scientists thought of the brain as the most valuable and consequently most closely guarded part of the body. Locked safely behind the blood-brain barrier, it was broadly free of the harm of viruses and the battles started by the immune system (免疫系统). Then, about 20 years ago, some researchers began to wonder: is the brain really so separated from the body? The answer, according to a growing body of evidence, is no. The list of brain conditions that have been associated with changes elsewhere in the body is long and growing. Changes in the makeup of the microorganisms in the digestive system have been linked to disorders such as Parkinson’s disease. There is also a theory that infection during pregnancy could lead to brain diseases in babies. The effect is two-way. There is a lengthening list of symptoms not typically viewed as disorders of the nervous system, but the brain plays a large part in them. For example, the development of a fever is influenced by a population of nerve cells that control body temperature and appetite. Evidence is mounting that cancers use nerves to grow and spread. The interconnection between the brain and body has promising implications for our ability to both understand and treat illnesses. If some brain disorders start outside the brain, then perhaps treatments for them could also reach in from outside. Treatments that take effect through the digestive system, the heart or other organs, would be much easier and less risky than those that must cross the blood-brain barrier. It also works in the opposite direction. Study shows mice have healthier hearts after receiving stimulation to a brain area involved in positive emotion and motivation. Activation of the brain reward centre — called the ventral tegmental area (VTA) — seems to cause immune changes that contribute to it. Working out how this happens could help to destroy cancers, enhance responses to vaccines and even re-evaluate physical diseases that, for centuries, have not been considered as being psychologically driven. 8. What do the researchers focus on about the brain? A. Its protecting system. B. Its exposure to diseases. C. Its controlling function. D. Its connection to the body. 9. How does the author support his idea in paragraph 2? A. By explaining a theory. B. By providing examples. C. By making comparisons. D. By presenting cause and effect. 10. Which best describes treatments that do not cross the blood-brain barrier? A. Cheaper. B. More specific. C. Safer. D. More direct. 11. What does the study suggest in the last paragraph? A. Brain health depends on immune changes. B. Brain stimulation leads to negative emotions. C. The brain can help enhance psychological health. D. The brain may be key to treating physical diseases. 【答案】8. D 9. B 10. C 11. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一些研究人员发现大脑并不是身体中保护最严密的部分，它和身体的其它部分产生的疾病是有联系的。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Then, about 20 years ago, some researchers began to wonder: is the brain really so separated from the body? The answer, according to a growing body of evidence, is no. (然后，大约20年前，一些研究人员开始怀疑：大脑真的与身体如此分离吗？根据越来越多的证据，答案是否定的。)”可知，研究人员主要研究大脑与身体的联系。故选D。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“The list of brain conditions that have been associated with changes elsewhere in the body is long and growing. Changes in the makeup of the microorganisms in the digestive system have been linked to disorders such as Parkinson’s disease. There is also a theory that infection during pregnancy could lead to brain diseases in babies. (与身体其他部位变化相关的大脑状况清单很长，而且还在不断增加。消化系统中微生物组成的变化与帕金森病等疾病有关。还有一种理论认为，怀孕期间的感染可能会导致婴儿脑部疾病。)”可知，这一段作者主要通过消化系统和怀孕期间的感染2个例子来论证自己的观点，说明大脑并不是身体中保护最严密的部分。故选B。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Treatments that take effect through the digestive system, the heart or other organs, would be much easier and less risky than those that must cross the blood-brain barrier. (通过消化系统、心脏或其他器官进行的治疗比必须穿过血脑屏障的治疗更容易，风险更小。)”可知，不通过血脑屏障的治疗风险更小。故选C。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Study shows mice have healthier hearts after receiving stimulation to a brain area involved in positive emotion and motivation. Activation of the brain reward centre — called the ventral tegmental area (VTA) — seems to cause immune changes that contribute to it. Working out how this happens could help to destroy cancers, enhance responses to vaccines and even re-evaluate physical diseases that, for centuries, have not been considered as being psychologically driven. (研究表明，在大脑中涉及积极情绪和动机的区域受到刺激后，小鼠的心脏更健康。大脑奖赏中心——被称为腹侧被盖区（VTA）——的激活似乎会导致免疫变化。弄清楚这种情况是如何发生的，可以帮助摧毁癌症，增强对疫苗的反应，甚至重新评估几个世纪以来一直不被认为是心理驱动的物理疾病。)”可知，大脑可能是治疗身体疾病的关键。故选D。 D Evolution (进化) can perform extraordinary makeovers; today’s airborne songbirds evolved from the wingless, earthbound dinosaurs that wandered millions of years ago. But some organisms seem to be unchanged — in other words, escape natural selection. The coelacanth, a modern-day fish, is nearly identical to its 410-million-year-old fossils. Scientists have long wondered how these species do so. It has been assumed that natural selection keeps some species unchanged by selecting for moderate or average qualities (stabilizing selection) rather than selecting for more extreme qualities that would cause a species to change (directional selection). But a study published in the National Academy of Sciences USA contradicts this idea, showing that evolution constantly favors different qualities in seemingly unchanging animals to improve short-term survival. In the long term, though, “all that evolution cancels out and leads to no change,” says the study’s lead author, James Stroud. Stroud and his colleagues studied for lizard (蜥蜴) specios; all relatively unchanged for 20 million years. The researchers caught members of these populations every six months for three years. They measured each lizard’s head size, leg length, mass and height, as well as the size of its sticky toes (脚趾头), noting which individuals survived. Stroud expected to observe stabılızıng selection at work preserving moderate qualities. Instead he saw clearer evidence of directional selection: some lizards with unique characteristics, such as stickier toes, survived better. “The study offers a good explanation for why we see what we think is stabiliring selection,” says Tadashi Fukami, an ecologist studying evolution at Stanford University. Many new qualities are evolving in the short term, but they don’t provide a crucial advantage over the long term. In other words, species staying unchanged may simply have found the best possible combination of qualities for lasting success in their environment. So what happens when the lizards’ environment changes more dramatically? To help answer this bigger question, Stroud is still making trips to visit the lizards. 12. Why does the author mention the “coelacanth fish” in paragraph 1? A. To demonstrate the power of evolution. B. To add evidence to natural selection. C. To give an example of unchanged species. D. To prove species' extraordinary makeovers. 13. What's the focus of paragraph 2? A. Unsolved mysteries. B. A common belief. C. A sharp contrast. D. Unique Characteristics. 14. How did Stroud conduct his research? A. By analyzing lizard fossils. B. By tracking research objects. C. By illustrating stabilizing selection. D. By categorizing qualities of lizards. 15. What will Stroud probably do in the future? A. Make trips to visit lizard experts. B. Summarize average features of lizards. C. Reveal the best combinations of qualities. D. Examine lizards under extreme conditions. 【答案】12. C 13. B 14. B 15. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章通过介绍科学家对看似没有发生变化的生物物种进行研究，揭示了这些物种在进化过程中的选择机制。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Evolution (进化) can perform extraordinary makeovers; today’s airborne songbirds evolved from the wingless, earthbound dinosaurs that wandered millions of years ago. But some organisms seem to be unchanged —in other words, escape natural selection. The coelacanth, a modern-day fish, is nearly identical to its410-million-year-old fossils.(进化能够产生非凡的变化；今天在空中飞翔的鸣鸟是从数百万年前无翅、陆生的恐龙演化而来的。但有些生物似乎没有改变——换句话说，它们逃脱了自然选择。现代鱼类腔棘鱼与其4.1亿年前的化石几乎一模一样)”可知，本段提到腔棘鱼是为了举一个物种不变的例子。故选C项。 【13题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Scientists have long wondered how these species do so. It has been assumed that natural selection keeps some species unchanged by selecting for moderate or average qualities (stabilizing selection) rather than selecting for more extreme qualities that would cause a species to change (directional selection).(科学家们长期以来一直想知道这些物种是如何做到这一点的。人们一直认为，自然选择通过选择适中或平均的品质（稳定选择）来保持某些物种的不变性，而不是选择会导致物种发生变化的更极端的品质（定向选择）。)”可知，本段主要讲述了人们一直认为自然选择是稳定选择而不是定向选择，也就是一个共同的信念。故选B项。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Stroud and his colleagues studied for lizard (蜥蜴) specios; all relatively unchanged for 20 million years. The researchers caught members of these populations every six months for three years. They measured each lizard’s head size, leg length, mass and height, as well as the size of its sticky toes (脚趾头), noting which individuals survived. Stroud expected to observe stabılızıng selection at work preserving moderate qualities. Instead he saw clearer evidence of directional selection: some lizards with unique characteristics, such as stickier toes, survived better.(斯特劳德和他的同事研究了蜥蜴物种；所有这些在2000万年间都相对没有变化。研究人员连续三年每六个月捕捉这些种群中的成员。他们测量了每只蜥蜴的头部大小、腿长、体重和身高，以及粘性脚趾的大小，并记录了哪些个体存活了下来。斯特劳德原本希望观察到稳定选择在保持中等品质方面的作用。然而，他看到的却是更明确的定向选择证据：一些具有独特特征的蜥蜴，比如更粘的脚趾，存活率更高)”可知，斯特劳德是通过跟踪研究对象来进行他的研究的。故选B项。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“In other words, species staying unchanged may simply have found the best possible combination of qualities for lasting success in their environment. So what happens when the lizards’ environment changes more dramatically? To help answer this bigger question, Stroud is still making trips to visit the lizards.(换句话说，保持不变的物种可能只是找到了在其环境中持久成功的最佳品质组合。那么，当蜥蜴的环境发生更剧烈的变化时会发生什么呢？为了帮助回答这个更大的问题，斯特劳德仍在继续探访这些蜥蜴)”可知，接下来斯特劳德会在极端条件下检查蜥蜴。故选D项。 第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Do you think you need to shout at yourself to force yourself to finish your homework? If so, think again.____16____ Research shows that practicing self-compassion (自我关怀) improves our mental and physical well-being and supports long-term success. Self-compassion is the practice of being kind and supportive to ourselves. The opposite is being self-critical and mean to ourselves when we make a mistake. ____17____ These negative responses are related to depression, stress and reduced quality of life. A 2017 study found people who practice self-compassion tend to handle stress better. Their bodies have less of a stress response when, for example, they meet with difficulties at work or school. ____18____ Let’s say they do poorly on a geometry test. Self-compassion helps them use the experience to make changes going forward, like seeking out a math tutor. ____19____ We can start with mindfulness. First of all, practice observing our thoughts — are they understanding or critical? Don’t judge ourselves too severely then. Rather than getting caught up in how we could have done better, forgive ourselves and think about what to change while remaining respectful, and loving to ourselves. ____20____ We can read a novel, play a musical instrument or kick around a soccer ball with friends. With practice, we can learn to treat ourselves with kindness and unconditional love — not tough love. A. So how do we develop self-compassion? B. It may be more effective to be kind to yourself. C. It includes letting go of your strict self-criticism. D. Mindfulness is the key to practicing self-compassion. E. But this approach does not make us feel or perform better. F. They have more confidence to look for areas where they can improve. G. Also, show ourselves kindness in ways that nourish (滋养) our spirit and body. 【答案】16. B 17. E 18. F 19. A 20. G 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通过自我同情的练习，我们可以学会用善意和无条件的爱来对待自己。 【16题详解】 前文提到可能通过对自己的大吼大叫来促使自己完成作业的这一情况，后文提到“Research shows that practicing self-compassion (自我关怀) improves our mental and physical well-being and supports long-term success.”（研究表明，练习自我同情可以改善我们的身心健康，并有助于长期的成功。），研究表明对自己鼓励和关怀有利于自身长期的成功，说明对自己好一点可能在促使自己完成一件事上更加有效果。B项“It may be more effective to be kind to yourself.”（善待自己可能会更有效。）该项提到善待自己更加有效果，该项符合文意，起到承上启下的作用。故选B。 【17题详解】 前文提到“Self-compassion is the practice of being kind and supportive to ourselves. The opposite is being self-critical and mean to ourselves when we make a mistake.”（自我同情是对自己友善和支持的实践。相反的是当我们犯错时，自我批评和对自己刻薄。），人在犯错误的时候很容易进行自我批评，且后文提到 “These negative responses are related to depression, stress and reduced quality of life.”（这些负面反应与抑郁、压力和生活质量下降有关。），对自己的批评可能会导致抑郁、有压力且可能会影响生活质量。E项“But this approach does not make us feel or perform better.”（但这种方法并不能让我们感觉或表现得更好。）该项提到自我批评并不会让自己感觉良好。该项符合文意，起到承上启下的作用。故选E。 【18题详解】 前文提到“A 2017 study found people who practice self-compassion tend to handle stress better. Their bodies have less of a stress response when, for example, they meet with difficulties at work or school.”（2017年一项研究发现，练习自我同情的人往往能更好地应对压力。例如，当他们在工作或学校遇到困难时，他们的身体对压力的反应就会减少。），以及后文中提到“Self-compassion helps them use the experience to make changes going forward, like seeking out a math tutor.”（自我同情可以帮助他们利用这段经历做出改变，比如找一个数学导师。）该段提到练习自我同情的人能更好地应对压力，而且能够进行自我同情的人会根据自己的情况做出适当的可以改变自己的行为。F项“They have more confidence to look for areas where they can improve.”（他们更有信心去寻找自己可以改进的地方。）该项提到会自我同情的人会寻求改进自己的机会和方法。该项符合文意，起到承上启下的作用。故选F。 【19题详解】 后文提到“We can start with mindfulness.”（我们可以从正念开始。）由该段内容可以判断，该段提到了进行自我同情的练习方法。A项“So how do we develop self-compassion?”（那么我们如何培养自我同情呢?）该项由问题引出后文中进行自我同情的方法，起到引出后文的作用，符合文意。故选A。 【20题详解】 前文提到“Rather than getting caught up in how we could have done better, forgive ourselves and think about what to change while remaining respectful, and loving to ourselves.”（与其纠结于我们该如何做得更好，不如原谅自己，想想在保持尊重和爱自己的同时要改变什么。）要与自己和解，要尊重自己爱自己，后文提到“We can read a novel, play a musical instrument or kick around a soccer ball with friends.”（我们可以读小说，演奏乐器或与朋友踢足球。）读书运动和演奏音乐都是让自己身心健康的好方法。G项“Also, show ourselves kindness in ways that nourish (滋养) our spirit and body.”（同时，要善待自己，以滋养我们的精神和身体。）该项提到了要善待自己，滋养自己。该项符合文意，起到承上启下的作用。故选G。 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Lauren Schroeder was volunteering at a community food bank at age 14. As she filled bags with ____21____ groceries, she noticed that there were plenty of food that came in cans and boxes, but she didn't see anything ____22____ and healthy to give to families in need. Inspired to make a ____23____, she told her parents that she wanted to start a vegetable garden on their farm, so that people could get the ____24____ they needed. Although they were ____25____, her parents made her aware of how much work it would take. Still, the teenager was up for the ____26____. Lauren managed to receive a(n) ____27____ from a youth organization to pay for seeds and gardening ____28____. She did a lot of research online to find out what plants____29____ and what didn't, what needed shade, and which ones needed more water. Over the hot and dry summer, she _____30_____ her crops for weeds and watered them by hand every day. Her first harvest resulted in 40 pounds of produce that she then_____31_____ gave away to local food banks, a soup kitchen, and a nursing home. More _____32_____ than ever, she relaunched her project, doubling the size of her garden and _____33_____ her vegetable selection. So far, she has spent over 1,000 hours working in her garden and donated 7,000 pounds of home-grown produce. “I love _____34_____,” said Lauren, now 17. “Many people help you out, but it makes more _____35_____ when you help other people out.” 21. A. preserved B. donated C. selected D. traded 22. A. necessary B. beautiful C. valuable D. fresh 23. A. change B. request C. choice D. profit 24. A. guidance B. information C. nutrition D. service 25. A. supportive B. doubtful C. protective D. mindful 26. A. competition B. performance C. assignment D. challenge 27. A. invitation B. fund C. opinion D. certificate 28. A. methods B. products C. supplies D. lessons 29. A. worked B. developed C. happened D. improved 30. A. arranged B. checked C. prepared D. exchanged 31. A. carefully B. secretly C. temporarily D. generously 32. A. amused B. relieved C. motivated D. exhausted 33. A. expanding B. assessing C. presenting D. defending 34. A. moving on B. weighing up C. showing off D. giving back 35. A. effort B. difference C. money D. progress 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. B 【解析】 【导语】这篇文章是一篇记叙文，讲述了Lauren Schroede在14岁时作为一名志愿者在社区食品银行的经历，以及她如何受到启发开始自己的菜园项目，为需要帮助的家庭提供新鲜健康的蔬菜。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当她把捐赠的食品装进袋子时，她注意到有很多食物是罐装和盒装的，但她没有看到任何新鲜和健康的食物可以提供给有需要的家庭。A. preserved可保存的；B. donated捐赠的；C. selected挑选的；D. traded交易的。根据上文“As she filled bags with”以及“at a community food bank”可知，Lauren Schroeder是在社区食品银行做志愿者，为有需要的家庭分发食物，所以她装的这些食品应该是人们捐赠给食品银行的，故选B项。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同第1题。A. necessary必要的；B. beautiful美丽的；C. valuable有价值的；D. fresh新鲜的。根据上文“she noticed that there were plenty of food that came in cans and boxes, but she didn't see anything”可知，Lauren Schroeder 发现捐赠的食品中大多是罐装和盒装的，没有看到新鲜的食物，故选D项。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：受到启发要做出改变，她告诉父母她想在自家农场开辟一个菜园，这样人们就能得到他们所需的营养。A. change改变；B. request请求；C. choice选择；D. profit利润。根据下文“she told her parents that she wanted to start a vegetable garden on their farm”可知，Lauren Schroeder 告诉父母她想在自家农场开辟一个菜园，这是她受到启发后想要做出的改变，故选A项。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同第3题。A. guidance指导；B. information信息；C. nutrition营养；D. service服务。根据上文“she noticed that there were plenty of food that came in cans and boxes, but she didn't see anything…and healthy to give to families in need.”可知，Lauren Schroeder 注意到没有看到任何健康的食物可以提供给有需要的家庭，所以她想开辟一个菜园，种植一些新鲜健康的蔬菜，让人们得到所需的营养，故选C项。 【25题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管他们表示支持，但她的父母让她意识到这需要付出多少努力。A. supportive支持的；B. doubtful怀疑的；C. protective保护的；D. mindful留心的。根据下文“her parents made her aware of how much work it would take”可知，她的父母让她意识到这需要付出多少努力，说明他们对她的想法是支持的，只是想让她知道其中的困难，故选A项。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，这位少女还是准备迎接挑战。A. competition竞争；B. performance表现；C. assignment任务；D. challenge挑战。根据上文“Although they were supportive, her parents made her aware of how much work it would take.”可知，她的父母虽然支持她的想法，但也让她意识到这需要付出很多努力，这对她来说是一个挑战，故选D项。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Lauren 设法获得了一个青年组织的资助，用于购买种子和园艺用品。A. invitation邀请；B. fund资金；C. opinion观点；D. certificate证书。根据下文“to pay for seeds and gardening”可知，Lauren 获得了一个青年组织的资助，用于购买种子和园艺用品，故选B项。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同第7题。A. methods方法；B. products产品；C. supplies用品；D. lessons课程。根据上文“to pay for seeds and gardening”可知，Lauren 获得的资助是用于购买种子和园艺用品，故选C项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她在网上做了很多研究，了解哪些植物有用，哪些没用，哪些需要遮荫，哪些需要更多的水。A. worked工作，起作用；B. developed发展；C. happened发生；D. improved改进。根据上文“She did a lot of research online”可知，Lauren 在网上做了很多研究，了解哪些植物适合种植，哪些不适合，work 在此处表示“起作用”，故选A项。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：整个炎热干燥夏天，她都会检查庄稼的草，每天用手浇水。A. arranged安排；B. checked检查；C. prepared准备；D. exchanged交换。根据下文“for weeds”可知，Lauren 整个夏天都都会检查庄稼的草，check for 意为“检查……是否有……”，故选B项。 【31题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：她的第一次收获结果是40磅的农产品，然后她慷慨地捐赠给了当地的食品银行、一个施食处和一个养老院。A. carefully仔细地；B. secretly秘密地；C. temporarily暂时地；D. generously慷慨地。根据下文“gave away to local food banks, a soup kitchen, and a nursing home”可知，Lauren 将40磅的农产品捐赠给了当地的食品银行、一个施食处和一个养老院，这说明她很慷慨，故选D项。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：比以往任何时候都更有动力，她重新启动了她的项目，将她的菜园面积扩大了一倍，并增加了蔬菜的种类。A. amused愉快的；B. relieved宽慰的；C. motivated有动力的；D. exhausted疲惫的。根据下文“she relaunched her project, doubling the size of her garden and … her vegetable selection”可知，Lauren 重新启动了她的项目，将菜园面积扩大了一倍，并增加了蔬菜的种类，这说明她比以前更有动力了，故选C项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同第12题。A. expanding扩大；B. assessing评估；C. presenting呈现；D. defending防守。根据上文“doubling the size of her garden”可知，Lauren 将她的菜园面积扩大了一倍，所以此处应该是增加了蔬菜的种类，故选A项。 【34题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：“我喜欢回馈，”Lauren说，她现在17岁。“很多人帮助你，但当你帮助别人时，会产生更大的影响。”A. moving on继续前进；B. weighing up权衡；C. showing off炫耀；D. giving back回馈。根据下文“Many people help you out, but it makes more… when you help other people out.”可知，Lauren认为很多人帮助过她，但当你帮助别人时，会产生更大的影响，所以她喜欢回馈社会，故选D项。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同第14题。A. effort努力；B. difference差异；C. money金钱；D. progress进步。根据上文“Many people help you out, but it makes more”可知，Lauren认为很多人帮助过她，但当你帮助别人时，会产生更大的影响，make a difference 意为“有影响”，故选B项。 第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Literally translated as the “Songs of Heroes” dance, Yingge Dance is 300-year-old folk dance that originated from the Chaoshan area of South China’s Guangdong Province. ___36___ (dress) in colorful costumes, performers wave wooden sticks in their hands ___37___ dancing in orderly formations to the music. Based on the stories of the 108 Heroes of Liangshan Mountain from the classic novel Outlaws of the Marsh, it is a folk art combining a variety of forms, ___38___ martial arts and Chinese operas to dance. In recent years, Chaoshan Yingge Dance has ___39___ (gradual) come into the public eye through transformations in performance form, style optimization, and opening up of information channels. In the Spring Festival of the Dragon Year, Yingge Dance once again ___40___ (dominate) the screens, ___41___ (it) dazzling and fiery wave of popularity continuing throughout the holiday, even sparking ___42___ brilliant cultural passion overseas. On the first and second days of the Lunar New Year, the Nanshan Yingge Team from Guangdong’s Puning made appearances at ___43___ (icon) British landmarks-the Burlington Arcade and Trafalgar Square-- ___44___ (bring) New Year greetings from Guangdong to overseas Chinese and foreign friends alike. The performances attracted over seven hundred thousand spectators and received ___45___ (cover) from over a hundred media outlets. 【答案】36. Dressed 37. while##when 38. from 39. gradually 40. dominated 41. its 42. a 43. iconic 44. bringing 45. coverage 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英歌的起源和影响。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：表演者们身着五颜六色的服装，手持木棒，随着音乐整齐地起舞。本句谓语为wave，此处为非谓语动词，且performers与dress“给（某人）穿衣服”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语。故填Dressed。 【37题详解】 考查时间状语从句。句意：表演者们身着五颜六色的服装，手持木棒，随着音乐整齐地起舞。分析句子结构可知，本空引导时间状语从句，当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。故本句中时间状语从句省略了主语performers和be动词are，从句缺少“当……时”之意，用while/when引导。故填while/when。 【38题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：它是根据经典小说《水浒传》中梁山108英雄的故事改编的，是一种结合了武术、中国戏剧和舞蹈等多种形式的民间艺术。from...to...“从……到……”，为固定短语。故填from。 【39题详解】 考查副词。句意：近年来，潮汕英歌通过表演形式的转变、风格的优化、信息渠道的拓宽，逐渐走入大众视野。此处使用副词gradually“逐渐地”，作状语，修饰come。故填gradually。 【40题详解】 考查时态。句意：龙年春节，英歌再一次占据了各大银幕，其耀眼而火热的人气在整个春节期间都在持续，甚至在海外引发了一股灿烂的文化激情。根据In the Spring Festival of the Dragon Year可知，事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用dominate“占据”的过去式。故填dominated。 【41题详解】 考查代词。句意：龙年春节，英歌再一次占据了各大银幕，其耀眼而火热的人气在整个春节期间都在持续，甚至在海外引发了一股灿烂的文化激情。此处使用形容词性物主代词its，作定语，修饰wave of popularity。故填its。 【42题详解】 考查冠词。句意：龙年春节，英歌再一次占据了各大银幕，其耀眼而火热的人气在整个春节期间都在持续，甚至在海外引发了一股灿烂的文化激情。此处泛指“一股灿烂的文化激情”，且brilliant以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 【43题详解】 考查形容词。句意：大年初一和初二，来自广东普宁的南山英歌队分别出现在英国标志性的伯灵顿商场和特拉法加广场，为海外华人和外国朋友带来了广东的新年祝福。此处使用形容词iconic“标志性的”，作定语，修饰British landmarks。故填iconic。 【44题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：大年初一和初二，来自广东普宁的南山英歌队分别出现在英国标志性的伯灵顿商场和特拉法加广场，为海外华人和外国朋友带来了广东的新年祝福。本句谓语为made，此处为非谓语动词，且the Nanshan Yingge Team与bring“带来”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填bringing。 【45题详解】 考查名词。句意：演出吸引了70多万观众，并得到了100多家媒体的报道。此处使用名词coverage“报道”，作received的宾语。故填coverage。 第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 （满分15分） 46. 你校计划举办主题为“极简电子产品生活方式—A lifestyle of digital minimalism”的英语作文比赛，请你写一则通知，内容包括： （1）介绍比赛目的； （2）说明参赛要求。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Welcome to Join the English Writing Competition ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Welcome to Join the English Writing Competition Attention all students, We are thrilled to announce our upcoming English writing competition whose theme is “A lifestyle of digital minimalism”. The purpose of this competition is to encourage students to explore the benefits of simplifying their electronic product usage and embracing a minimalist approach to technology. Participants are required to write an essay discussing the concept of digital minimalism, its impact on daily life, and practical strategies for implementing it. Essays should be original, well-structured, and demonstrate a clear understanding of the theme. We look forward to receiving your insightful contributions. Best regards, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本书面表达是一篇应用文写作，要求用英文写一则通知，报道学校计划举办的主题为“极简电子产品生活方式”的英语作文比赛。 【详解】1.词汇积累 鼓励：encourage→inspire 要求：require→request 影响：impact→influence/effect 实施：implement→conduct 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Participants are required to write an essay discussing the concept of digital minimalism, its impact on daily life, and practical strategies for implementing it. 拓展句：It is required that participants write an essay discussing the concept of digital minimalism, its impact on daily life, and practical strategies for implementing it. 【点睛】【高分句型1】We are thrilled to announce our upcoming English writing competition whose theme is “A lifestyle of digital minimalism”.(运用了whose引导的定语从句) 【高分句型2】Participants are required to write an essay discussing the concept of digital minimalism, its impact on daily life, and practical strategies for implementing it.(运用了现在分词作后置定语) 第二节 （满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 After a busy week, Emily and her parents decided to go on a mountain picnic. They longed to fully experience nature’s beauty and enjoy quality family time. Little did they know, this outing would be filled with unexpected twists and turns (波折). Arriving at the mountain’s base, they discovered a house, in front of which Mike and his father had just finished loading a boat onto Mike’s truck. Emily approached them and asked for the best picnic spot in the area. Knowing the mountain well, Mike suggested a location about two hours’ walk away. “It’s worth the effort,” he assured them. Parking their car next to Mike’s truck and carrying their picnic supplies, Emily and her parents set off on the winding road. Tall green trees on one side, a flowing stream on the other, the road eventually led them to a breathtaking clearing dotted with colorful wildflowers. They enjoyed their delicious sandwiches, fruits, and snacks, engaging in pleasant conversations. Just as they finished their meal and settled down to relax, dark clouds unexpectedly rolled in. It looked like rain. Panicked, they hurriedly set up the tent they had brought. No sooner had they entered than raindrops began pouring on the roof. Heavy rain enveloped the surroundings, making it impossible to see anything. They had no choice but to patiently wait it out. After what felt like a century, the rain ceased. Emily and her parents wasted no time packing up their belongings, ready to get downhill. However, their excitement turned to worry when they discovered that the small stream they had previously crossed had turned into a wide and impassable river. With no cellphone signal, they were trapped without a means of seeking help. To make matters worse, darkness was approaching. 注意： (1) 续写词数应为150个左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Suddenly, they heard the sound of a vehicle from across the river. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Emily and her parents boarded the boat. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 Suddenly, they heard the sound of a vehicle from across the river. A truck appeared around the bend of the road-a sense of relief washed over them as they realized it was Mike’s truck It turned out that Mike had noticed that it was getting dark but Emily’s car was still parked in the open space in front of his house. Thinking of the heavy rain, he suspected something bad might have happened to them. Without delay, Mike and his father jumped into the truck and headed uphill. Nearing the picnic spot, Mike heard the shout for help and, in the next moment, saw Emily and her parents waving their hands desperately on the other side of the river. Mike immediately stopped, and with his father’s help, moved the boat from his truck into the water. Emily and her parents boarded the boat. Safely crossing the river , they returned to the base of the mountain in Mike’s truck. Emily and her parents were not only grateful for their safe return, but also for the kindness and assistance they received from Mike and his father. They expressed their heartfelt thanks to Mike and his father for their swift response and invaluable assistance, tears welling up in their eyes. This unforgettable experience taught them the power of kindness and inspired them to pay it forward. They also learned a valuable lesson on the importance of being well prepared for exploring nature. No doubt it is a mountain picnic that has left a deep impression on them. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了艾米丽和家人外出野餐，结果在山上的时候下了暴雨，之前越过的小溪变成了一条宽阔而无法通行的河流，他们被困在那里，无法寻求帮助。最后是之前遇到的迈克，前来救出了他们。这段难忘的经历教会了他们善良的力量，并激励他们将善良传递出去。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“突然，他们听到河对岸传来车辆的声音”可知，第一段可描写迈克来救助他们的经过。 ②由第二段首句内容“艾米丽和她的父母登上了船”可知，第二段可描写他们得救以及感谢迈克和得出感悟。 2.续写线索：听到车辆的声音——迈克赶来救援——获救——表示感谢——感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①出现：appear/show up ②席卷：wash over/flood over ③意识到：realize/be aware of 情绪类 ①绝望：desperately/in despair ②难忘：unforgettable/memorable 【点睛】[高分句型1] A truck appeared around the bend of the road-a sense of relief washed over them as they realized it was Mike’s truck. (运用了as引导时间状语从句) [高分句型2] They also learned a valuable lesson on the importance of being well prepared for exploring nature. (运用了动名词作宾语) 1-5 CACBC 6-10 ABCBA 11-15 CABAB 16-20 AABBC 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$