内容正文:
读《西游记Journey to the West》画思维导图学英语语法
名词的数
As time passed, Monkey learned to walk, run, and climb. He drank from streams and ate grasses and leaves. He became friends with all the other monkeys and apes.
One very hot morning, all the monkeys and apes were playing in the shade.
“It is so hot today!”cried one monkey.
“Let's play in the stream.”
“Good idea!" said another monkey.
The monkeys and apes ran to the stream. The water rolled and bounced over the rocks. The monkeys jumped into the cool water. After a few minutes, one monkey said.“We all love this stream,” he said. “We drink from it. We swim in it. We know that it flows all the way to the sea. But does anyone know where the stream begins? We have nothing to do today. Why don't we follow the stream to find its source?”
“That sounds like fun,”said another monkey.
Everyone jumped out of the water. They ran alongside the stream and swung from tree to tree. They jumped over rocks and climbed up steep cliffs. Higher and higher they went up the mountain until they reached an enormous waterfall. The water crashed down, roaring like thunder.
“I wonder what's behind that waterfall, said one monkey.
“Me too,” said a second monkey.“But nobody could jump through it."
“Whoever can jump through and come back alive will be our king,”said a gibbon.“Is anyone brave enough to try?"
普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词,大部分情况下,二者的区分就是能否用数字数出来,例如friend(朋友)是可数名词但water(水)是不可数名词。个别特殊的词就需要特殊记忆,如hair、grass、bread等。
一、可数名词用法
a. 从数量上讲,当名词的数量为1时,则需在名词前加“a”或“an”,表示“一 + 量词 + 名词”,如:
a book 一本书 a tree 一棵树 a bridge 一座桥 an egg 一个鸡蛋
b. 从数量上讲,当名词的数量多于一个的时候,则需把名词变为复数形式。名词复数形式的变化有规则与不规则两种,后面会详细讲到。
二、不可数名词用法
a. 不可数名词所表示的事物一般不能用数来计算,没有词形变化。如:water 水,shade阴影,juice果汁等是无法数出来的。
b. 不可数名词前不可以用a或an修饰,但前面可以用some, any, much, a little等词修饰,如:
some milk 一些牛奶 much time 很多时间 a little water 一点水
c. 小学阶段出现的不可数名词有:milk 牛奶, water 水, juice 果汁, cola 可乐, porridge 粥, cereal 麦片, bread 面包, rice 大米, hair 头发, meat 肉, medicine 药, soup 汤, ice 冰, paper 纸, oil 油, energy 能量, coal 煤, plastic 塑料, wood 木头, rubbish 垃圾, food 食物, smoke 烟, air 空气, rain 雨, honey 蜂蜜, tea 茶, grass 草, cloud 云, fruit 水果, snow 雪等。
思维导图
小试牛刀
1、 根据本节课内容完成下面图表。
当名词数量_________时, 需要在名词前加____或____, 表示
可数名词 “1”。
名词的数 当名词数量________时,需要将名词变为________形式。
不可数名词之前不能用____或_____修饰,但可以用_______, _________,
________, _______等词修饰。不可数名词_________复数形式。(有或没有)
二、对所给句子中加点的名词进行分类。
He drank from streams and ate grasses and leaves.
He became friends with all the other monkeys and apes.
All the monkeys and apes were playing in the shade.
The water rolled and bounced over the rocks.
The water crashed down, roaring like thunder.
可数名词:_________________________________________________________________
不可数名词:________________________________________________________________
三、真题再现。
1.There are some ______ in the shop.
A. pencil B. eraser C. dictionarys D. boxes
2.This is an orange, and it’s orange.划线单词的意思分别是______ 。
A. 橙色,橙子 B. 橙子,橙色 C. 橙子,橙子 D. 橙色,橙色
3.That is my______.
A. brothers B. families C. father D. friends
4.Please give me some______.
A. bananas B. a banana C. apple D. tomato
5.We have______ping-pong balls and four ping-pong .
A. five; bat B. one; bats C. two; bats D. seven; bat
6.—How much are these ______?
—They' re only $60.
A. hat B. jacket C. trousers D. sweater
7.Help yourself to some _________, children.
A. chickens and apples B. chickens and apple
C. chicken and apple D. chicken and apples
8.I like ______ very much.
A. tomatoes B. tomatos C. tomato D. three tomato
9.— What would you like to drink?
— Some________, please.
A. hamburgers B. water C. rice
10.These _______ are my mother's friends.
A. womans B. women C. man D. mens
11.—How many __________ are there in the kitchen?—Only two.
A. bag of rice B. bags of rice C. bags of rices D. bag of rices
12.一You go to the ______ quite a few times. What's the matter?
一I think I ate something bad this morning.
A. washroom B. sitting room C. bedroom D. kitchen
13.— Would you like to sing some ______with me?
— Yes. I'd love to.
A. kites B. glasses C. homework D. songs
14.—Do you like salad ________ dinner?
—No. I like ________.
A. at;egg B. for;strawberry C. for;hamburgers
15.-What are those in English?
-They are ______.
A. milk B. rulers C. bread
16.—What is spring like in your city?
—_______ turn green and flowers come out.
A. Trees B. Birds C. Clouds D. Lakes
17.Zhang Peng didn’t tell his parents that he was going home because he wanted to give them a_______.
A. note B. call C. gift D. surprise
18.How many ________do you have?
A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths
19.It's good for students to brush _______ after they get up in the morning.
A. hands B. teeth C. heads D. tooth
20.He has some ________ and I have some ________.
A. carrots; pear B. strawberries; milk
C. egg; salads D. ice-cream; banana
21.Look! There is a cat, two ________ and four ________ in the picture.
A. cow; sheep B. sheep; hens C. gooses; snake
22.The boy is ______.
A. 12 years old. B. 12 years C. 12 old D. 12 year old
23.There is much ______in the bag.
A. book B. a book C. food D. cakes
24.Could you get me some ______?I’m hungry(饿).
A. rice B. water C. egg D. apple
25.I want to improve my English. Mr Lee, could you give me some _____?
A. choice B. practice C. chance D. advice
26.—Susan, what are you going to do?
—I am going to buy some ______for my dad. He isn’t feeling well.
A. medicine B. dictionaries C. chess sets D. chopsticks
27.My uncle can’t buy the car because he doesn’t have much ______.
A. money B. time C. health D. luck
28.—What are you doing on the computer, Peter?
— I am visiting a travel website. I want to get some_____ about trips to Hong Kong.
A. rules B. messages C. information D. results
29.—Could you please give me something to eat?
—What about some ______?
A. milk B. orange C. fish D. tea
30.Kitty _______, and she looks very beautiful.
A. have long hairs B. has long hair
C. has a long hair D. have a long hair
31.I would like to add some ________ to my sandwich.
A. water B. pepper C. spoons D. salts
32.The student didn’t find much ________ about this topic.
A. report B. article C. information D. story
33.—Would you like something to drink?
—Yes, I’d like some _________.
A. dumplings B. tea C. apples D. fish
34.I like eating ______. My mum can cook it well.
A. beef B. potatoes C. milk D. fried eggs
35.—Would you like some ________ , Sally?
—Yes, but only a little.
A. noodles B. apples C. milk D. eggs
名词的数参考答案
一、 当名词数量 等于1时, 需要在名词前加 a 或 an , 表
可数名词 示“1”。
名词的数 当名词数量 大于1 时,需要将名词变为 复数 形式。
不可数名词之前不能用a或 an 修饰,但可以用 some , any , much , a little 等词修饰。不可数名词 没有 复数形式。(有或没有)
二、可数名词:steams grasses leaves friends monkeys apes rocks
不可数名词: shade thunder
三、
1. D。there be句式,be动词后是句子的主语,be动词用的是复数,主语应用可数名词的复数,C选项的复数为dictionaries,故选D。
2. B。orange做名词时意思是橙子,做形容词时意思是橙色的,故选B。
3. C。句意:那是我的父亲。主语是单数,系动词用的是单数is,表语部分my也应改修饰可数名次的单数形式。故选C。
4. A。选项中四个词都是可数名词,而some后面要加可数名词的复数。答案中只有A是复数,可知答案,故选A。
5. C。balls为复数,排除B。后面five ping-pong......名词用复数。故选C。
6. C。 句意:——这条裤子多少钱?——这条裤子仅仅60美元。根据问句中 be 动词的形式和指示代词 these 可以确定后面的名词应为复数形式,故选 C。
7. D。 句意:孩子们,随便吃些鸡肉和苹果。chicken意为“鸡肉”时,是不可数名词;apple是可数名词,由空前的some可知要用复数形式。故选D。
8. A。 句意:我非常喜欢西红柿。结合句意和语境知用复数形式,故选A。
9. B。 句意:你想喝点什么?请给我来点水。drink喝,只有water是饮料,故选B。
10. B。 考查名词复数。句意:这些女人是我妈妈的朋友。woman女人,单数形式;women复数形式。man男人,单数形式;men复数形式。故选B。
11. B。 句意:——厨房里有多少袋大米?——仅有两袋。a bag of rice意为“一袋大米”,bag是可数名词,rice是不可数名词。how many后面跟可数名词复数,所以bag后面加s,故排除选项A和D。rice是不可数名词,后面不能加s。选项B符合题意,故选B。
12. A。 句意:——你去厕所好几次了。怎么了?——我想我今天早上吃了什么不好的东西了。 A.washroom厕所;B.sitting room客厅;C.bedroom卧室;D.kitchen厨房。根据句意,故选A。
13. D。
14. C。 句意:——晚餐你喜欢色拉吗?——不,我喜欢汉堡。at dinner指吃晚餐时;for dinner指晚餐吃什么;egg和strawberry是可数名词,不明确数量时多用复数形式,经过分析排除A、B,根据句意,故选C。
15. B。 句意:——那些用英语怎么说?——它们是直尺。根据They are可知应用可数名词的复数形式,故选B。
16. A。考查名词词意辨析。句意:“在你们城市,春天什么样?”“ 变绿,花儿开放。”Trees 树木,Birds鸟儿,Clouds云彩,Lakes湖泊,根据句意选A。
17. D。 句意:张鹏没有告诉他的父母他将回家,因为他想给他们一个惊喜。A.note笔记,记录;B.call喊叫,打电话;C.gift礼物;D.surprise惊喜。结合句意,故选D。
18. B。 句意:你有多少颗牙?how many后接可数名词的复数形式;tooth n.牙齿,复数形式是teeth。故选B。
19. B。 句意:对学生来说,早上起床后刷牙是有益的。A.hands手;B.teeth牙齿,复数;C.heads头;D.tooth牙齿,单数。结合句意可知,这里要用复数名词teeth,故选B。
20. B。 句意:他有一些草莓,我有一些牛奶。some一些,后跟可数名词复数或者不可数名词,排除C项;胡萝卜,梨,草莓,鸡蛋和香蕉是可数名词,牛奶,色拉和冰淇淋是不可数名词。结合句意,故选B。
21. B。 句意:看!图画里有一只猫,两头绵羊和四只母鸡。由句中two和four可知,两空都要用名词的复数形式,cow的复数形式是cows,所以排除A;snake的复数形式是snakes,所以排除C;sheep的复数形式就是sheep。故选B。
22. A。 句意:——这个男孩十二岁。在英语中,表示几岁时,由“数字+year(s)+old”构成;从前面的数字12可知year用复数形式。根据句意,故选A。
23. C。 试题分析:由句中的is和much可推断出其后的名词应用不可数名词,应选food。所以本题应选C。
24. A。 句意:你能给我些米饭吗?我饿了。A. rice米饭,不可数名词。B. water水;不可数名词;C. egg鸡蛋;可数名词;D. apple苹果;可数名词。Some后用可数名词复数或不可数名词。结合句意,故选A。
25. D。 句意:我想提高我的英语。李老师,你能给我一些建议吗?A.选择;B.练习;C.机会;D.建议。根据句意,故选D。
26. A。 句意:——Susan,你打算做什么?——我打算为我的父亲买一些药。他感到不舒服。A.medicine药;B.dictionaries字典;C.chess sets国际象棋;D.chopsticks筷子。根据题意,故选A。
27. A。
28. C。 句意:——彼得,你在电脑上干什么?——我正在访问一个旅游网站。我想得到一些关于去香港的旅游信息。A.rules规则;B.messages短信(一般指口头传递的或书写的“消息”,具体可见的);C.information信息(抽象的);D.results结果。根据句意,故选C。
29. C。 句意:——你能给我点吃的吗?——来点鱼怎么样?A.milk牛奶;B.orange橘子;C.fish鱼;D.tea茶。结合语境“你能给我点吃的吗?”可知A、D不正确。some后跟可数名词时,要用复数形式,因此B不正确。fish作“鱼肉”讲时,是不可数名词,故选C。
30. B。 句意:Kitty有长头发,她看起来很漂亮。根据语境可知,此句用一般现在时,主语Kitty是单数第三人称,故谓语动词用单数第三人称形式;hair头发,是不可数名词,没有复数形式。根据句意,故选B。
31. B。 正确答案:B。A表示水,B表示胡椒,D表示盐,都是不可数名词,故D错误。C表示勺子,是可数名词。根据题干中my sandwich可知说话人应给其加一些胡椒,故选择B。
32. C。 句意:这个学生没能找到关于这个主题的太多信息。A.report报告,成绩单;B.article文章,条款;C.information信息,资料,不可数名词;D.story故事。much修饰不可数名词。根据句意,故选C。
33. B。 句意:——你想要喝的东西吗?——是的,我想要一些茶。A.饺子;B.茶;C.苹果;D.鱼。结合句意,故选B。
34. A。 句意:我喜欢吃牛肉。我的妈妈能做(牛肉)得好。由下文cook it可知此处宾语为不可数名词,A.beef牛肉,不可数名词;B.potatoes土豆,可数名词复数;C.milk牛奶,不可数名词;D.fried eggs炸鸡店,可数名词复数。由语境可知“我喜欢吃牛肉”。故选A。
35. C。 句意:——Sally,你想要一些牛奶吗?——是的,一点儿。A.noodles面条,可数名词;B.apples苹果,可数名词;C.milk牛奶,不可数名词;D.eggs鸡蛋,可数名词。some+可数名词的复数或不可数名词,a little只修饰不可数名词。根据a little可知,用不可数名词。根据句意,故选C。
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