专题08 自然生态 - 2025年高考英语热点话题阅读&时文阅读

专题08 自然生态（原卷版） 【材料来源：BBC Jun. 18,2024】 This Ecuadorian forest thrived amid deforestation after being granted legal rights Despite extensive deforestation in the surrounding region, Los Cedros' 11,681 acres (4,800 ha)buzz with life. Its biodiversity is astonishing: more than 130scientific papers have been published on the vast number of species that call Los Cedros home-from fungi to snails and bears. Most of the reserve is a cloud forest where the air is heavy with moisture. Many species can't be found anywhere else, such as the tiny orange Los Cedros rainfrog. Life continues to thrive in Los Cedros, but its survival wasn't always certain - and it is largely thanks to a powerful, and increasingly influential,global legal movement that the forest is still standing. In 2008, Ecuador became the first country to change its constitution to state that nature has the same rights as people.The change was led by Ecuador's Indigenous movement,and marked one of the first major steps in what has become known as the 'rights of nature' movement - a movement centred on a legal framework that recognises the inherent right of the natural world to the same protections as people and corporations. To date, initiatives to recognise the rights of nature have been pursued in 44 countries. Some cases have defended a single animal, while other legal decisions have recognised the rights of rivers, mountains, and all of Mother Earth. 【译文欣赏】 这片厄瓜多尔森林在被授予法律权利后在砍伐森林中茁壮成长 尽管周边地区的森林遭到大规模砍伐，洛斯塞德罗斯（Los Cedros）保护区11681英亩（4800公顷）的土地上，森林依然生机勃勃。这里的生物多样性令人惊叹，有130多篇已经发表的科学论文，介绍了栖息在洛斯塞德罗斯的大量物种-从真菌到蜗牛到熊类。保护区里的大部分森林被云雾笼罩，空气极其湿润。这里有许多在别处见不到的物种，比如体型微小的橙色洛斯塞德罗斯雨蛙。 在洛斯塞德罗斯保护区，一切仍在繁衍生息，但它们的生存并不总是那么有保障。这片森林之所以能够屹立不倒，主要归功于一场声势浩大、影响力日益增强的全球法律运动。 2008年，厄瓜多尔成为第一个修改宪法，规定自然享有与人类同等权利的国家。这一改变是由厄瓜多尔原住民团体推动的，标志着“自然权利”（rights of nature）运动迈出了重要的第一步，该运动的核心是建立一个法律框架，承认自然界的固有权利，即享有与人类和企业组织同等的受保护权。 迄今为止，已有44个国家提出了承认自然享有权利的倡议。有的法律案件为了一种动物辩护，有的法律判决则承认了河流、山脉和整个地球母亲（Mother Earth）的权利。 【词汇积累】 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. thrive /θraɪv/ v. 兴盛，繁荣 2. amid /əˈmɪd/ prep. 在...当中；为...环绕 3. deforestation /ˌdiːˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃən/ n. 森林砍伐 4. biodiversity /ˌbaɪoʊdaɪˈvɜːsɪti/ n. 生物多样性 5. species /ˈspiːʃiːz/ n. 物种 6. cloud forest /klaʊd ˈfɔːrɪst/ n. 云雾森林 7. moisture /ˈmɔɪstʃər/ n. 水分，湿气 8. survival /sərˈvaɪvəl/ n. 生存 9. legal /ˈliːɡəl/ adj. 法律的 10. influential /ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl/ adj. 有影响力的 11. constitution /ˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃən/ n. 宪法 12. indigenous /ɪnˈdɪdʒɪnəs/ adj. 土著的，本地的 13. framework /ˈfreɪmˌwɜːrk/ n. 框架 14. inherent /ɪnˈhɪərənt/ adj. 固有的，内在的 15. initiative /ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/ n. 倡议，主动性 【长难句分析】 原句 Life continues to thrive in Los Cedros, but its survival wasn't always certain - and it is largely thanks to a powerful, and increasingly influential, global legal movement that the forest is still standing. 译文 在洛斯塞德罗斯保护区，一切仍在繁衍生息，但它们的生存并不总是那么有保障。这片森林之所以能够屹立不倒，主要归功于一场声势浩大、影响力日益增强的全球法律运动。 分析 +--[主句: Life continues to thrive in Los Cedros] | +--[并列句: but its survival wasn't always certain] | | | +--[并列句: and it is largely thanks to a powerful, and increasingly influential, global legal movement] | | | +--[定语从句: that the forest is still standing] （一） According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), hundreds of marine (海洋的) species across the world come under endangered and critically endangered categories. Some of the endangered and recognizable marine species are named here. Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtle The Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtle, also known as the Atlantic Ridley Sea Turtle, is endangered as the rarest and smallest sea turtle. Distributed throughout the Gulf of Mexico and U.S. Atlantic seaboard, they gather off the coast in northeastern Mexico and come ashore in large groups to lay eggs every year. As marine reptiles (爬行动物), they are threatened by oil spills, lack of food and marine pollution. Vaquita As a rare marine mammal, Vaquita is on the edge of extinction only a half-century after its first sighting. Extensive fishing in the Gulf of California has endangered this marine species, resulting in a gradual drop in population since the 1940s. According to reports, there are only a dozen of these marine mammals left in the world since the percentage of decline in their population was as much as 90% since 2011. Whale Fin Whale is the second-largest mammal on the planet after Blue Whale and it is also a victim of hunting. According to estimates, the global population of Fin Whale ranges from below 100,000 to around 119,000. Humpback Whale, another whale species, has also been listed as an endangered marine species. Before the introduction of the whaling moratorium (暂停) in 1966, the species was hunted for its fur, while the population dropped by 90%. Currently, around 2,500 Humpback Whales survive in the world. Hawaiian Monk Seal A native of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, Hawaiian Monk Seal is one of the earless seals who live on warm beaches, unlike other seals. According to recent research, only 1,400 Hawaiian Monk Seals remain on the Islands. These seals are mainly threatened by predators like tiger sharks. Besides, other reasons like habitat loss and food limitation also contribute to their critical situation. 1．Why do Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtles land on the beach in large groups? A．To nest. B．To reproduce. C．To avoid attack. D．To hunt foods. 2．What is the major threat to Hawaiian Monk Seal? A．Global warming. B．Lack of food. C．Natural enemies. D．Habitat pollution. 3．Which of the following is the most critically endangered species? A．Vaquita. B．Fin Whale. C．Humpback Whale. D．Hawaiian Monk Seal. ( 原句 Distributed throughout the Gulf of Mexico and U. S. Atlantic seaboard, they gather off the coast in northeastern Mexico and come ashore in large groups to lay eggs every year. 译文 它们分布在墨西哥湾和美国大西洋沿岸，每年都会聚集在墨西哥东北部海岸，成群结队地上岸产卵 . 分析 +--[主句: they gather off the coast in northeastern Mexico and come ashore in large groups to lay eggs every year] | +--[状语: Distributed throughout the Gulf of Mexico and U. S. Atlantic seaboard] | +--[介词短语: throughout the Gulf of Mexico and U. S. Atlantic seaboard] ) ( 1.endangered adj. 濒危的 2.recognizable adj. 可辨认的 3.distributed adj. 分布的 4.seaboard n. 海岸 5.ashore adv. 在岸上 6.reptile n. 爬行动物 7.extinction n. 灭绝 8.extensive adj. 广泛的 9.estimate n. 估计 10.habitat n. 栖息地 ) （二） Joseph Dituri hasn’t seen the sun for two fortnights. And he won’t see it again for months. Since March 1st, the professor has been underwater, with the goal of spending 100 days there-for science. If successful, he will break the current world record for time spent living underwater, which was set by two Tennessee biologists in 2014 when they stayed beneath the surface for 73 days. Dituri, who has been nicknamed “Dr. Deep Sea”, is living in Jules’ Undersea Lodge (小屋) in Key Largo, Florida-the same underwater venue where the previous record was set. The 100-square-foot hotel, which sits 30 feet below the surface, is his temporary home, where he is carrying out research and giving virtual lectures for his students at the University of South Florida. “The human body has never been underwater that long, so I will be monitored closely,” Dituri said. “This study will examine every way this journey impacts my body, but my hypothesis (假设) is that there will be improvements to my health due to the increased pressure.” This hypothesis comes from a study that indicated potentially positive effects of pressure exposure on cell growth and vitality (活力), and Dituri hopes that his underwater experience could reveal ways to combat age-related diseases and lengthen lifespan. As part of his research, Dituri is investigating the effects of living in a high-pressure environment for an extended period. To keep water from entering the lodge, air must constantly be pumped into the space to create a pressure about 1.6 times higher than that of the Earth’s surface. Therefore, it can’t be achieved in his own right. Before the journey, Dituri had undergone psychosocial, psychological and medical tests. He continues to undergo testing during and after his 100 days at the lodge. “The mental health part of this is important, because I’m in an isolated and limited environment,” he said. Beyond research, the project is also a chance to cultivate children’s enthusiasm for exploring the science field. Dituri invites about 40 children to stay with him for 24 hours at a time and teach them to dive. To him, this outreach is what makes the whole project worth it-more than the chance for a world record. 4．What do we know about Dituri’s experiment from the text? A．It is scheduled to end on July 9th. B．It has been on for nearly a month. C．Its aim is just to break the world record. D．It is conducted where two Tennessce biologists settled. 5．What is Dituri’s attitude toward the impact the increased pressure has on health? A．Doubtful. B．Cautious. C．Hopeful. D．Unclear. 6．Which scene possibly happens in the course of Dituri’s living underwater? A．He pumps the air into the lodge. B．He instructs invited children to dive. C．He analyzes his own psychosocial tests. D．He experiments in a spacious lodge. 7．Why does Dituri invite children to experience the underwater life? A．To arouse their eagerness for science. B．To case his loneliness and isolation. C．To set a world record at full stretch. D．To prove the value of his experience. ( 原句 This study will examine every way this journey impacts my body, but my hypothesis is that there will be improvements to my health due to the increased pressure. 译文 这项研究将检验这次潜水过程对我身体各方面的影响，但我假设由于增大的水压，我的健康状况会有所改善。 分析 +--[主句: This study will examine every way this journey impacts my body] | +--[并列句: but my hypothesis is that there will be improvements to my health due to the increased pressure] | +--[宾语从句: that there will be improvements to my health due to the increased pressure] | +--[原因状语: due to the increased pressure] ) ( 1.fortnight n. 两星期 2.underwater adj. 在水下的 3.current adj. 目前的 4.temporary adj. 临时的 5.hypothesis n. 假设 6.combat v. 与...战斗 7.extended adj. 延长的 8.pressure n. 压力 9.isolated adj. 隔离的 10.cultivate v. 培养 ) （三） The male western tanager (唐纳雀) looks like a little flame, while females are less showy, a dusty yellow. In the spring, they prepare to move thousands of miles to the Mountain West of Central America, flying through grasslands, deserts, and occasionally, suburban yards. To fuel them on their lengthy journey, western tanagers fill up on insects and berries. But as global climate change causes spring to start earlier, birds such as western tanagers are arriving at their destination after what’s known as “green-up”, when flowers begin blooming and insects emerge. According to a study published in early March in the journal PNAS, this kind of timing mismatch between migrants (迁移动物) and their food sources, which is happening across North America, could have serious consequences for migratory birds’ survival. “In discussing climate change, we often focus on warming,” says Scott Loss, a co-author of the study. “But the length and timing of seasons — like when winter ends and spring begins — are some of the most dramatic effects of climate change.” Loss and his colleagues used satellite imagery from 2002 to 2021 to calculate the average start of spring green-up along the typical migration routes of 150 North American bird species, then compared that timing with the current green-up. They found that spring is indeed beginning earlier along birds’ migration routes. “By contrary, previous studies have mainly focused on songbirds in Eastern North America,” says Morgan Tingley, an ornithologist at UCLA, “but this new investigation shows that bird species in the West and at different levels of the food web might be just as vulnerable (脆弱的).” “Part of it is knowing which species are vulnerable to various threats,” Loss says. “This adds to the knowledge about vulnerability of a wide range of bird species.” And he hopes that the information will serve to highlight the urgent need to lower greenhouse-gas emissions as fast as possible. “It’s really important, if we can’t address climate change immediately, to try to stop habitat loss as much as we can.” 8．What may pose a direct threat to western tanagers’ survival? A．Global warming. B．The duration of changing seasons. C．Loss of habitats due to human activities. D．Decreased access to foods during migration. 9．What is unique about the new study on birds like western tanagers? A．It covers a wider geographic range. B．It reveals the decline in bird populations. C．It centers on the adaptation of bird species. D．It ensures the existence of a timing mismatch. 10．What does Loss suggest we do to safeguard migratory birds? A．Lessen the effects of climate change. B．Preserve ecosystems for bird species. C．Address emissions and habitat loss. D．Expand researches on threats to birds. 11．Where is the text most likely from? A．A scientific journal. B．A bird-watching guidebook. C．A website about climate change. D．A magazine about wildlife conservation. ( 原句 According to a study published in early March in the journal PNAS, this kind of timing mismatch between migrants (迁移动物) and their food sources, which is happening across North America, could have serious consequences for migratory birds’ survival. 译文 根据3月初发表在《美国科学院院刊》上的一项研究，这种迁移动物和它们的食物来源之间的时间不匹配，正在北美各地发生，可能会对候鸟的生存产生严重后果。 分析 +--[主句: this kind of timing mismatch between migrants and their food sources could have serious consequences for migratory birds’ survival] | +--[状语: According to a study published in early March in the journal PNAS] | +--[定语从句: which is happening across North America] | +--[先行词: timing mismatch] ) ( 1.migrate v. 迁移 2.suburban adj. 郊区的 3.fuel v. 加燃料 4.lengthy adj. 长期的 5.mismatch n. 不匹配 6.dramatic adj. 显著的 7.satellite imagery n. 卫星图像 8.ornithologist n. 鸟类学家 9.vulnerability n. 脆弱性 10.greenhouse-gas n. 温室气体 ) （四） Cut into the trunk of a pine tree, and you will see a familiar series of concentric (同中心的) rings. But not all trunks tell the same story. A study published in November reveals that the world’s oldest trees had a very different structure. Some 370 million years ago, cladoxylopsid trees stood at least eight meters tall, covered by branches instead of leaves. Today their rare remains reveal little about their insides; in most cases their inner structures had rotted before the trees fossilize, and storms had filled them with sand. But the recent find of two well-preserved fossils in China has exposed the trees’ inner workings — which are like no other species studied before. The cladoxylopsid tree was empty inside. Around the edges were thick, vertical strands (缕) containing xylem (木质部), a plant tissue that conducts water and mineral salts from the roots to all other parts. Modern trees add new layers of multiple xylem as they grow, creating a woody trunk with a single set of concentric rings. But in cladoxylopsids, “each strand of xylem had its own growth rings,” says scientist Christopher M. Berry of Cardiff University in Wales. Over a tree’s lifetime the strands would weave and cross. “It’s just incredibly complex,” Berry says. He likens these networks of flexible tissues and structures to the Eiffel Tower—if tower could grow, extend and split itself apart over time. Although the cladoxylopsid tree has no living descendants today, it is very important. Brigitte Meyer-Berthaud, a scientist, explains that these trees were among “the major carbon reservoirs of the Paleozoic”, a time period from 542 million to 251 million years ago. Cladoxylopsids made up our planet’s first forests, capturing carbon from the atmosphere and playing a part in adjusting Earth’s climate. Given this fact, maybe we should study these trees for the forests. 12．What makes it hard to study cladoxylopsid trees? A．Their thick leaves. B．Their amazing height. C．Their poorly preserved remains. D．Their fossilized inner structures. 13．What do we know about cladoxylopsid trees? A．They had many separate growth rings. B．Their solid cores contributed to their growth. C．They had a single set of regular concentric rings. D．Their roots needed more mineral salts than water. 14．Why does the author mention “the Eiffel Tower” in paragraph 4? A．To stress the beauty of the Eiffel Tower. B．To prove the economic status of the tree. C．To disclose how limited the tree’s lifetime is. D．To show how complex the tree’s networks are. 15．Why should we study cladoxylopsid trees? A．They were the only trees present during the Paleozoic era. B．They helped scientists better protect rich historical culture. C．They played a significant role in shaping the Earth as it is. D．They determined the carbon content in the Earth’s atmosphere. ( 原句 Cladoxylopsids made up our planet’s first forests, capturing carbon from the atmosphere and playing a part in adjusting Earth’s climate. 译文 克拉多桉木树成为了地球上的第一批森林，它们从大气中吸收碳，并在调节地球气候方面发挥了作用。 分析 +--[主句: Cladoxylopsids made up our planet’s first forests] | +--[伴随状语: capturing carbon from the atmosphere and playing a part in adjusting Earth’s climate] ) ( 1.concentric adj. 同中心的 2.reveal v. 揭示 3.cladoxylopsid n. 枝蕨类植物 4.fossilize v. 使成化石 5.preserved adj. 保存完好的 6.expose v. 暴露 7.conduct v. 传导 8.mineral salt n. 矿物盐 9.layer n. 层 10.reservoir n. 储存 ) （五） As the seasons are starting to change around the world, the animal kingdom is on the move. Animal migration is one of nature's great wonders, but how do animals know when it is time to set off on their journey, or where they need to go? Once they've worked out their destination, how do they know how to get there? 16 . Migration is a behavioral pattern where animals travel from one habitat to another in search of something. It happens seasonally, and usually involves a return journey. These journeys can be by land, sea or air. 17 . Animals like gazelles, wildebeests and zebras migrate in huge herds during dry seasons to look for fresh grass to eat and water to drink. Animals also migrate because of the weather. Around 50 bird species leave the UK each winter to avoid the cold. 18 . They're either searching for a mate, looking for somewhere to lay their eggs or finding the best place to raise their young. For example, humpback whales travel to warmer waters each winter to raise their calves. 19 , but how do they know when it is time to head off? For those who migrate to look for something to eat, scientists think shortages of food could be a sign that it's time to begin their journey. Others might be able to recognize when winter is coming because they can see that the days are getting shorter. So how do they know where to go? Some use the stars and the sun to help them navigate while others rely on landmarks like rivers and mountains to show them where they are. 20 . Wildebeests are thought to follow the smell of rain. A．Below are some ways they get there B．Animals have their reasons for migrating C．Scientists have been puzzled by these questions for many years D．It's also possible for animals to sniff their way to their destination E．Some birds travel to the UK to escape extreme cold further north F．One of the main reasons behind animal migration is the search for food G．For some animals, it's the need to reproduce that sends them on their journey ( 1.behavioral adj. 行为的 2.pattern n. 模式 3.seasonal adj. 季节性的 4.herd n. 兽群 5.navigate v. 导航 6.landmark n. 地标 7.extreme adj. 极端的 8.puzzled adj. 困惑的 9.reproduce v. 繁殖 10.destination n. 目的地 ) （六） I was always interested in biology. However, it wasn’t until I saw a 21 about cave diving in senior high school, in which I watched divers pass by urchins (海胆), that I realized I wanted to 22 cave animals. The video didn’t mention the   23 in those underwater houses, but I 24 they must be there. More than just naming them, I wanted to learn about their 25 , which meant I needed to study them in their 26 habitat. Cave diving requires special 27 . In this photo taken during a sampling trip in March in Belize, you can see that I was carrying lights and navigation tools, and bringing extra air tanks. I was using a net and test tubes to collect tiny and nearly 28 animals floating in the water. Since then, I’ve come to 29 that caves are full of life: shrimps, sea stars and urchins, all 30 the low-light environments. Although underwater caves might seem far removed from surface environments, research has shown that these worlds are 31 in many ways. If pollutants get underground, they can 32 affect many ecosystems. The cave ecosystem is suffering from climate change. If we didn’t take action to 33 these amazing caves, they could be gone before we have the 34 to fully understand them. And everything that makes them unique would 35 , too. 21．A．film B．story C．paper D．book 22．A．adopt B．feed C．rescue D．study 23．A．caves B．creatures C．views D．divers 24．A．believed B．dreamed C．doubted D．disagreed 25．A．photos B．ecology C．names D．news 26．A．artificial B．shallow C．modern D．natural 27．A．time B．equipment C．information D．space 28．A．starving B．valuable C．invisible D．dying 29．A．deny B．promise C．learn D．imagine 30．A．adapting to B．appealing to C．breaking up D．clearing up 31．A．created B．mirrored C．linked D．interpreted 32．A．suddenly B．barely C．originally D．negatively 33．A．conserve B．explore C．decorate D．construct 34．A．permission B．desire C．decision D．chance 35．A．happen B．return C．disappear D．begin ( 1.biology n. 生物学 2.cave diving n. 洞穴潜水 3.urchin n. 海胆 4.navigation n. 导航 5.ecosystem n. 生态系统 6.pollutant n. 污染物 7.equipment n. 设备 8.ecology n. 生态 9.negatively adv. 消极地 10.conserve v. 保护 ) （一） （2024·全国甲卷）Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help,  scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed. Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like. Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it! 1．What can be learned about cats' meowing from the first paragraph? A．It's a survival skill. B．It's taught by mother cats. C．It's hard to interpret. D．It's getting louder with age. 2．How does a pet cat assess different situations? A．By listening for sounds. B．By touching familiar objects. C．By checking on smells. D．By communicating with other cats. 3．Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 3? A．Perform appropriately. B．Move faster. C．Act strangely. D．Do better. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B．Understanding Your Cat's Behavior C．Have Fun with Your Cat D．How to Keep Your Cat Healthy （二） （2023·全国乙卷）Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. 5 , but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive. What are indoor plants? Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. 6 . Why are indoor plants good for you? Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “ 7 . I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. 8 . Which plants can you grow? Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants. “ 9 ,” Spoelstra says. “It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.” A．All plants are different B．Not only do they look beautiful C．There are many benefits to growing plants indoors D．Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer E．Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best F．Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help G．Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding （三） （2023·浙江1月卷）The sun was beginning to sink as I set off into the Harenna Forest. I was on my way to 10 a unique honey harvest. Here, in south-east Ethiopia, hand-carved beehives(蜂箱)are placed in the 11 . Reaching them to get the honey is difficult—and often 12 . I 13 beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle. Ziyad began preparations. He 14 handfuls of damp tree leaves, wrapped them with string, and 15 the bunch to create a torch(火把). Then, with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree, Ziyad began 16 . He stopped every few minutes to move the 17 higher up the tree trunk. 18 , Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground. Sitting on a branch, he 19 towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive. Suddenly, Ziyad let out a sharp cry. Within seconds, he’d 20 the trunk and was back on the ground. It was too 21 to collect the honey. A cool summer had delayed 22 . Baby bees were still in the honeycombs(蜂巢). The adult bees were 23 and kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree. He had to wait for the right 24 to go back up. 10．A．share B．collect C．celebrate D．witness 11．A．courtyards B．fields C．treetops D．caves 12．A．urgent B．dangerous C．expensive D．pointless 13．A．searched B．recognised C．followed D．invited 14．A．gathered B．cleaned C．dropped D．checked 15．A．shook B．lit C．measured D．decorated 16．A．jumping B．talking C．testing D．climbing 17．A．hives B．leaves C．rope D．honey 18．A．Finally B．Surprisingly C．Naturally D．Immediately 19．A．backed B．dived C．shouted D．inched 20．A．cut off B．gone up C．slid down D．held onto 21．A．high B．early C．fast D．close 22．A．hatching B．training C．sowing D．trading 23．A．curious B．hungry C．bored D．angry 24．A．moment B．equipment C．person D．order （2023·浙江1月卷）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I was invited to a cookout on an old friend’s farm in western Washington. I parked my car outside the farm and walked past a milking house which had apparently not been used in many years. A noise at a window caught my attention, so I entered it. It was a hummingbird (蜂鸟), desperately trying to escape. She was covered in spider-webs (蛛网) and was barely able to move her wings. She ceased her struggle the instant I picked her up. With the bird in my cupped hand, I looked around to see how she had gotten in. The broken window glass was the likely answer. I stuffed a piece of cloth into the hole and took her outside, closing the door securely behind me. When I opened my hand, the bird did not fly away; she sat looking at me with her bright eyes. I removed the sticky spider-webs that covered her head and wings. Still, she made no attempt to fly. Perhaps she had been struggling against the window too long and was too tired? Or too thirsty? As I carried her up the blackberry-lined path toward my car where I kept a water bottle, she began to move. I stopped, and she soon took wing but did not immediately fly away. Hovering (悬停), she approached within six inches of my face. For a very long moment, this tiny creature looked into my eyes, turning her head from side to side. Then she flew quickly out of sight. During the cookout, I told my hosts about the hummingbird incident. They promised to fix the window. As I was departing, my friends walked me to my car. I was standing by the car when a hummingbird flew to the center of our group and began hovering. She turned from person to person until she came to me. She again looked directly into my eyes, then let out a squeaking call and was gone. For a moment, all were speechless. Then someone said, “She must have come to say goodbye.” 注意： 1. 续写词数应为 150 左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 A few weeks later, I went to the farm again. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I was just about to leave when the hummingbird appeared. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ( 4 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题08 自然生态（解析版） 【材料来源：BBC Jun. 18,2024】 This Ecuadorian forest thrived amid deforestation after being granted legal rights Despite extensive deforestation in the surrounding region, Los Cedros' 11,681 acres (4,800 ha)buzz with life. Its biodiversity is astonishing: more than 130scientific papers have been published on the vast number of species that call Los Cedros home-from fungi to snails and bears. Most of the reserve is a cloud forest where the air is heavy with moisture. Many species can't be found anywhere else, such as the tiny orange Los Cedros rainfrog. Life continues to thrive in Los Cedros, but its survival wasn't always certain - and it is largely thanks to a powerful, and increasingly influential,global legal movement that the forest is still standing. In 2008, Ecuador became the first country to change its constitution to state that nature has the same rights as people.The change was led by Ecuador's Indigenous movement,and marked one of the first major steps in what has become known as the 'rights of nature' movement - a movement centred on a legal framework that recognises the inherent right of the natural world to the same protections as people and corporations. To date, initiatives to recognise the rights of nature have been pursued in 44 countries. Some cases have defended a single animal, while other legal decisions have recognised the rights of rivers, mountains, and all of Mother Earth. 【译文欣赏】 这片厄瓜多尔森林在被授予法律权利后在砍伐森林中茁壮成长 尽管周边地区的森林遭到大规模砍伐，洛斯塞德罗斯（Los Cedros）保护区11681英亩（4800公顷）的土地上，森林依然生机勃勃。这里的生物多样性令人惊叹，有130多篇已经发表的科学论文，介绍了栖息在洛斯塞德罗斯的大量物种-从真菌到蜗牛到熊类。保护区里的大部分森林被云雾笼罩，空气极其湿润。这里有许多在别处见不到的物种，比如体型微小的橙色洛斯塞德罗斯雨蛙。 在洛斯塞德罗斯保护区，一切仍在繁衍生息，但它们的生存并不总是那么有保障。这片森林之所以能够屹立不倒，主要归功于一场声势浩大、影响力日益增强的全球法律运动。 2008年，厄瓜多尔成为第一个修改宪法，规定自然享有与人类同等权利的国家。这一改变是由厄瓜多尔原住民团体推动的，标志着“自然权利”（rights of nature）运动迈出了重要的第一步，该运动的核心是建立一个法律框架，承认自然界的固有权利，即享有与人类和企业组织同等的受保护权。 迄今为止，已有44个国家提出了承认自然享有权利的倡议。有的法律案件为了一种动物辩护，有的法律判决则承认了河流、山脉和整个地球母亲（Mother Earth）的权利。 【词汇积累】 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. thrive /θraɪv/ v. 兴盛，繁荣 2. amid /əˈmɪd/ prep. 在...当中；为...环绕 3. deforestation /ˌdiːˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃən/ n. 森林砍伐 4. biodiversity /ˌbaɪoʊdaɪˈvɜːsɪti/ n. 生物多样性 5. species /ˈspiːʃiːz/ n. 物种 6. cloud forest /klaʊd ˈfɔːrɪst/ n. 云雾森林 7. moisture /ˈmɔɪstʃər/ n. 水分，湿气 8. survival /sərˈvaɪvəl/ n. 生存 9. legal /ˈliːɡəl/ adj. 法律的 10. influential /ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl/ adj. 有影响力的 11. constitution /ˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃən/ n. 宪法 12. indigenous /ɪnˈdɪdʒɪnəs/ adj. 土著的，本地的 13. framework /ˈfreɪmˌwɜːrk/ n. 框架 14. inherent /ɪnˈhɪərənt/ adj. 固有的，内在的 15. initiative /ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/ n. 倡议，主动性 【长难句分析】 原句 Life continues to thrive in Los Cedros, but its survival wasn't always certain - and it is largely thanks to a powerful, and increasingly influential, global legal movement that the forest is still standing. 译文 在洛斯塞德罗斯保护区，一切仍在繁衍生息，但它们的生存并不总是那么有保障。这片森林之所以能够屹立不倒，主要归功于一场声势浩大、影响力日益增强的全球法律运动。 分析 +--[主句: Life continues to thrive in Los Cedros] | +--[并列句: but its survival wasn't always certain] | | | +--[并列句: and it is largely thanks to a powerful, and increasingly influential, global legal movement] | | | +--[定语从句: that the forest is still standing] （一） （2024·山东·三模）According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), hundreds of marine (海洋的) species across the world come under endangered and critically endangered categories. Some of the endangered and recognizable marine species are named here. Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtle The Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtle, also known as the Atlantic Ridley Sea Turtle, is endangered as the rarest and smallest sea turtle. Distributed throughout the Gulf of Mexico and U.S. Atlantic seaboard, they gather off the coast in northeastern Mexico and come ashore in large groups to lay eggs every year. As marine reptiles (爬行动物), they are threatened by oil spills, lack of food and marine pollution. Vaquita As a rare marine mammal, Vaquita is on the edge of extinction only a half-century after its first sighting. Extensive fishing in the Gulf of California has endangered this marine species, resulting in a gradual drop in population since the 1940s. According to reports, there are only a dozen of these marine mammals left in the world since the percentage of decline in their population was as much as 90% since 2011. Whale Fin Whale is the second-largest mammal on the planet after Blue Whale and it is also a victim of hunting. According to estimates, the global population of Fin Whale ranges from below 100,000 to around 119,000. Humpback Whale, another whale species, has also been listed as an endangered marine species. Before the introduction of the whaling moratorium (暂停) in 1966, the species was hunted for its fur, while the population dropped by 90%. Currently, around 2,500 Humpback Whales survive in the world. Hawaiian Monk Seal A native of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, Hawaiian Monk Seal is one of the earless seals who live on warm beaches, unlike other seals. According to recent research, only 1,400 Hawaiian Monk Seals remain on the Islands. These seals are mainly threatened by predators like tiger sharks. Besides, other reasons like habitat loss and food limitation also contribute to their critical situation. 1．Why do Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtles land on the beach in large groups? A．To nest. B．To reproduce. C．To avoid attack. D．To hunt foods. 2．What is the major threat to Hawaiian Monk Seal? A．Global warming. B．Lack of food. C．Natural enemies. D．Habitat pollution. 3．Which of the following is the most critically endangered species? A．Vaquita. B．Fin Whale. C．Humpback Whale. D．Hawaiian Monk Seal. 【答案速查】1．B 2．C 3．A 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些濒临灭绝的海洋物种的情况，旨在引起人们对海洋生物保护的关注。 1．细节理解题。根据Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtle下面第二段的“Distributed throughout the Gulf of Mexico and U. S. Atlantic seaboard, they gather off the coast in northeastern Mexico and come ashore in large groups to lay eggs every year.(它们分布在墨西哥湾和美国大西洋沿岸，每年都会聚集在墨西哥东北部海岸，成群结队地上岸产卵)”可知，该地的海龟成群结队来到海滩上是为了繁衍后代。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“According to recent research, only 1,400 Hawaiian Monk Seals remain on the Islands. These seals are mainly threatened by predators like tiger sharks. Besides, other reasons like habitat loss and food limitation also contribute to their critical situation.(根据最近的研究，岛上只剩下1400只夏威夷蒙克海豹。这些海豹主要受到虎鲨等捕食者的威胁。此外，栖息地丧失和食物限制等其他原因也导致了它们的危急状况) ”可知，夏威夷蒙克海豹的主要威胁来自于它们的天敌。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据Vaquita下面第二段的“According to reports, there are only a dozen of these marine mammals left in the world since the percentage of decline in their population was as much as 90% since 2011.(据报道，自2011年以来，这些海洋哺乳动物的数量下降了90%，现在世界上只剩下十几只)”可知，Vaquita是最濒危的物种。故选A。 ( 原句 Distributed throughout the Gulf of Mexico and U. S. Atlantic seaboard, they gather off the coast in northeastern Mexico and come ashore in large groups to lay eggs every year. 译文 它们分布在墨西哥湾和美国大西洋沿岸，每年都会聚集在墨西哥东北部海岸，成群结队地上岸产卵 . 分析 +--[主句: they gather off the coast in northeastern Mexico and come ashore in large groups to lay eggs every year] | +--[状语: Distributed throughout the Gulf of Mexico and U. S. Atlantic seaboard] | +--[介词短语: throughout the Gulf of Mexico and U. S. Atlantic seaboard] ) ( 1.endangered adj. 濒危的 2.recognizable adj. 可辨认的 3.distributed adj. 分布的 4.seaboard n. 海岸 5.ashore adv. 在岸上 6.reptile n. 爬行动物 7.extinction n. 灭绝 8.extensive adj. 广泛的 9.estimate n. 估计 10.habitat n. 栖息地 ) （二） （2024·湖南长沙·一模）Joseph Dituri hasn’t seen the sun for two fortnights. And he won’t see it again for months. Since March 1st, the professor has been underwater, with the goal of spending 100 days there-for science. If successful, he will break the current world record for time spent living underwater, which was set by two Tennessee biologists in 2014 when they stayed beneath the surface for 73 days. Dituri, who has been nicknamed “Dr. Deep Sea”, is living in Jules’ Undersea Lodge (小屋) in Key Largo, Florida-the same underwater venue where the previous record was set. The 100-square-foot hotel, which sits 30 feet below the surface, is his temporary home, where he is carrying out research and giving virtual lectures for his students at the University of South Florida. “The human body has never been underwater that long, so I will be monitored closely,” Dituri said. “This study will examine every way this journey impacts my body, but my hypothesis (假设) is that there will be improvements to my health due to the increased pressure.” This hypothesis comes from a study that indicated potentially positive effects of pressure exposure on cell growth and vitality (活力), and Dituri hopes that his underwater experience could reveal ways to combat age-related diseases and lengthen lifespan. As part of his research, Dituri is investigating the effects of living in a high-pressure environment for an extended period. To keep water from entering the lodge, air must constantly be pumped into the space to create a pressure about 1.6 times higher than that of the Earth’s surface. Therefore, it can’t be achieved in his own right. Before the journey, Dituri had undergone psychosocial, psychological and medical tests. He continues to undergo testing during and after his 100 days at the lodge. “The mental health part of this is important, because I’m in an isolated and limited environment,” he said. Beyond research, the project is also a chance to cultivate children’s enthusiasm for exploring the science field. Dituri invites about 40 children to stay with him for 24 hours at a time and teach them to dive. To him, this outreach is what makes the whole project worth it-more than the chance for a world record. 4．What do we know about Dituri’s experiment from the text? A．It is scheduled to end on July 9th. B．It has been on for nearly a month. C．Its aim is just to break the world record. D．It is conducted where two Tennessce biologists settled. 5．What is Dituri’s attitude toward the impact the increased pressure has on health? A．Doubtful. B．Cautious. C．Hopeful. D．Unclear. 6．Which scene possibly happens in the course of Dituri’s living underwater? A．He pumps the air into the lodge. B．He instructs invited children to dive. C．He analyzes his own psychosocial tests. D．He experiments in a spacious lodge. 7．Why does Dituri invite children to experience the underwater life? A．To arouse their eagerness for science. B．To case his loneliness and isolation. C．To set a world record at full stretch. D．To prove the value of his experience. 【答案速查】4．B 5．C 6．B 7．A 【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了科学家约瑟夫·迪图里潜水并在水下居住百日，挑战世界纪录，旨在研究高压环境对人体的益处，同时激发儿童科学热情。 4．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Joseph Dituri hasn’t seen the sun for two fortnights.(Joseph Dituri已经两个两周没见太阳了)”可知，迪图里的实验持续了四周时间。故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据第三段中“This study will examine every way this journey impacts my body, but my hypothesis is that there will be improvements to my health due to the increased pressure.(这项研究将检验这次潜水过程对我身体各方面的影响，但我假设由于增大的水压，我的健康状况会有所改善)”可知，迪图里认为增大的水压会对健康有改善作用。故选C。 6．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Dituri invites about 40 children to stay with him for 24 hours at a time and teach them to dive.(迪图里邀请了大约40名儿童，让他们一次与他共度24小时，并教他们潜水)”可知，迪图里邀请孩子跟他共处24小时，并且教他们潜水。故选B。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Beyond research, the project is also a chance to cultivate children’s enthusiasm for exploring the science field. Dituri invites about 40 children to stay with him for 24 hours at a time and teach them to dive.(除了研究之外，这个项目也是一个培养孩子们对探索科学领域热情的机会。迪图里邀请了大约40名儿童，让他们一次与他共度24小时，并教他们潜水)”可知，迪图里邀请孩子体验水下生活的原因是激发他们对科学的渴望。故选A。 ( 原句 This study will examine every way this journey impacts my body, but my hypothesis is that there will be improvements to my health due to the increased pressure. 译文 这项研究将检验这次潜水过程对我身体各方面的影响，但我假设由于增大的水压，我的健康状况会有所改善。 分析 +--[主句: This study will examine every way this journey impacts my body] | +--[并列句: but my hypothesis is that there will be improvements to my health due to the increased pressure] | +--[宾语从句: that there will be improvements to my health due to the increased pressure] | +--[原因状语: due to the increased pressure] ) ( 1.fortnight n. 两星期 2.underwater adj. 在水下的 3.current adj. 目前的 4.temporary adj. 临时的 5.hypothesis n. 假设 6.combat v. 与...战斗 7.extended adj. 延长的 8.pressure n. 压力 9.isolated adj. 隔离的 10.cultivate v. 培养 ) （三） （2024·江苏盐城·模拟预测）The male western tanager (唐纳雀) looks like a little flame, while females are less showy, a dusty yellow. In the spring, they prepare to move thousands of miles to the Mountain West of Central America, flying through grasslands, deserts, and occasionally, suburban yards. To fuel them on their lengthy journey, western tanagers fill up on insects and berries. But as global climate change causes spring to start earlier, birds such as western tanagers are arriving at their destination after what’s known as “green-up”, when flowers begin blooming and insects emerge. According to a study published in early March in the journal PNAS, this kind of timing mismatch between migrants (迁移动物) and their food sources, which is happening across North America, could have serious consequences for migratory birds’ survival. “In discussing climate change, we often focus on warming,” says Scott Loss, a co-author of the study. “But the length and timing of seasons — like when winter ends and spring begins — are some of the most dramatic effects of climate change.” Loss and his colleagues used satellite imagery from 2002 to 2021 to calculate the average start of spring green-up along the typical migration routes of 150 North American bird species, then compared that timing with the current green-up. They found that spring is indeed beginning earlier along birds’ migration routes. “By contrary, previous studies have mainly focused on songbirds in Eastern North America,” says Morgan Tingley, an ornithologist at UCLA, “but this new investigation shows that bird species in the West and at different levels of the food web might be just as vulnerable (脆弱的).” “Part of it is knowing which species are vulnerable to various threats,” Loss says. “This adds to the knowledge about vulnerability of a wide range of bird species.” And he hopes that the information will serve to highlight the urgent need to lower greenhouse-gas emissions as fast as possible. “It’s really important, if we can’t address climate change immediately, to try to stop habitat loss as much as we can.” 8．What may pose a direct threat to western tanagers’ survival? A．Global warming. B．The duration of changing seasons. C．Loss of habitats due to human activities. D．Decreased access to foods during migration. 9．What is unique about the new study on birds like western tanagers? A．It covers a wider geographic range. B．It reveals the decline in bird populations. C．It centers on the adaptation of bird species. D．It ensures the existence of a timing mismatch. 10．What does Loss suggest we do to safeguard migratory birds? A．Lessen the effects of climate change. B．Preserve ecosystems for bird species. C．Address emissions and habitat loss. D．Expand researches on threats to birds. 11．Where is the text most likely from? A．A scientific journal. B．A bird-watching guidebook. C．A website about climate change. D．A magazine about wildlife conservation. 【答案速查】8．D 9．A 10．C 11．A 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章从唐纳雀入手，分析北美迁移鸟类面临的挑战及其原因，最后提出建议：希望尽快减少温室气体的排放，尽可能地阻止栖息地的丧失。 8．推理判断题。由第二段中的“To fuel them on their lengthy journey, western tanagers fill up on insects and berries. But as global climate change causes spring to start earlier, birds such as western tanagers are arriving at their destination after what’s known as “green-up”, when flowers begin blooming and insects emerge. According to a study published in early March in the journal PNAS, this kind of timing mismatch between migrants (迁移动物) and their food sources, which is happening across North America, could have serious consequences for migratory birds’ survival. (为了在漫长的旅途中补充能量，西方唐纳雀以昆虫和浆果为食。但随着全球气候变化导致春天提前到来，像唐纳雀这样的鸟类在所谓的“返青”之后才到达目的地，这时花朵开始绽放，昆虫开始出现。根据3月初发表在《美国科学院院刊》上的一项研究，这种迁移动物和它们的食物来源之间的时间不匹配，正在北美各地发生，可能会对候鸟的生存产生严重后果。)”可知，随着全球气候变化导致春季提前开始，唐纳德雀迁徙期间获得食物的机会减少。故选D项。 9．推理判断题。由第三段中的““By contrary, previous studies have mainly focused on songbirds in Eastern North America,” says Morgan Tingley, an ornithologist at UCLA, “but this new investigation shows that bird species in the West and at different levels of the food web might be just as vulnerable (脆弱的).” (“相反，以前的研究主要集中在北美东部的鸣禽上，”加州大学洛杉矶分校的鸟类学Morgan Tingley说，“但这项新的调查表明，西部和食物网不同层次的鸟类物种可能同样脆弱。”)”可知，先前的研究的是北美东部的鸣禽，这项关于像西部唐纳雀这样的鸟类的新研究的独特之处在于它覆盖了更广泛的地理范围，不仅关注东北美地区的鸣禽，也包括西部及食物链不同层级上的鸟类。故选A项。 10．细节理解题。由最后一段“And he hopes that the information will serve to highlight the urgent need to lower greenhouse-gas emissions as fast as possible. “It’s really important, if we can’t address climate change immediately, to try to stop habitat loss as much as we can.” (他希望这些信息将有助于强调尽快降低温室气体排放的迫切需要。“如果我们不能立即解决气候变化问题，那么尽我们所能阻止栖息地的丧失是非常重要的。”)”可知，作者期望能够尽快减少温室气体的排放，尽可能地阻止栖息地的丧失。故选C项。 11．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由第二段中的“To fuel them on their lengthy journey, western tanagers fill up on insects and berries. But as global climate change causes spring to start earlier, birds such as western tanagers are arriving at their destination after what’s known as “green-up”, when flowers begin blooming and insects emerge. According to a study published in early March in the journal PNAS, this kind of timing mismatch between migrants (迁移动物) and their food sources, which is happening across North America, could have serious consequences for migratory birds’ survival. (为了在漫长的旅途中补充能量，西方唐纳雀以昆虫和浆果为食。但随着全球气候变化导致春天提前到来，像唐纳雀这样的鸟类在所谓的“返青”之后才到达目的地，这时花朵开始绽放，昆虫开始出现。根据3月初发表在《美国科学院院刊》上的一项研究，这种迁移动物和它们的食物来源之间的时间不匹配，正在北美各地发生，可能会对候鸟的生存产生严重后果。)”可知，本文介绍的是Scott Loss关于鸟类迁移的一项科学研究，且引用了《美国科学院院刊》的话，所以最可能来源于科研杂志。故选A项。 ( 原句 According to a study published in early March in the journal PNAS, this kind of timing mismatch between migrants (迁移动物) and their food sources, which is happening across North America, could have serious consequences for migratory birds’ survival. 译文 根据3月初发表在《美国科学院院刊》上的一项研究，这种迁移动物和它们的食物来源之间的时间不匹配，正在北美各地发生，可能会对候鸟的生存产生严重后果。 分析 +--[主句: this kind of timing mismatch between migrants and their food sources could have serious consequences for migratory birds’ survival] | +--[状语: According to a study published in early March in the journal PNAS] | +--[定语从句: which is happening across North America] | +--[先行词: timing mismatch] ) ( 1.migrate v. 迁移 2.suburban adj. 郊区的 3.fuel v. 加燃料 4.lengthy adj. 长期的 5.mismatch n. 不匹配 6.dramatic adj. 显著的 7.satellite imagery n. 卫星图像 8.ornithologist n. 鸟类学家 9.vulnerability n. 脆弱性 10.greenhouse-gas n. 温室气体 ) （四） （2024·辽宁沈阳·三模）Cut into the trunk of a pine tree, and you will see a familiar series of concentric (同中心的) rings. But not all trunks tell the same story. A study published in November reveals that the world’s oldest trees had a very different structure. Some 370 million years ago, cladoxylopsid trees stood at least eight meters tall, covered by branches instead of leaves. Today their rare remains reveal little about their insides; in most cases their inner structures had rotted before the trees fossilize, and storms had filled them with sand. But the recent find of two well-preserved fossils in China has exposed the trees’ inner workings — which are like no other species studied before. The cladoxylopsid tree was empty inside. Around the edges were thick, vertical strands (缕) containing xylem (木质部), a plant tissue that conducts water and mineral salts from the roots to all other parts. Modern trees add new layers of multiple xylem as they grow, creating a woody trunk with a single set of concentric rings. But in cladoxylopsids, “each strand of xylem had its own growth rings,” says scientist Christopher M. Berry of Cardiff University in Wales. Over a tree’s lifetime the strands would weave and cross. “It’s just incredibly complex,” Berry says. He likens these networks of flexible tissues and structures to the Eiffel Tower—if tower could grow, extend and split itself apart over time. Although the cladoxylopsid tree has no living descendants today, it is very important. Brigitte Meyer-Berthaud, a scientist, explains that these trees were among “the major carbon reservoirs of the Paleozoic”, a time period from 542 million to 251 million years ago. Cladoxylopsids made up our planet’s first forests, capturing carbon from the atmosphere and playing a part in adjusting Earth’s climate. Given this fact, maybe we should study these trees for the forests. 12．What makes it hard to study cladoxylopsid trees? A．Their thick leaves. B．Their amazing height. C．Their poorly preserved remains. D．Their fossilized inner structures. 13．What do we know about cladoxylopsid trees? A．They had many separate growth rings. B．Their solid cores contributed to their growth. C．They had a single set of regular concentric rings. D．Their roots needed more mineral salts than water. 14．Why does the author mention “the Eiffel Tower” in paragraph 4? A．To stress the beauty of the Eiffel Tower. B．To prove the economic status of the tree. C．To disclose how limited the tree’s lifetime is. D．To show how complex the tree’s networks are. 15．Why should we study cladoxylopsid trees? A．They were the only trees present during the Paleozoic era. B．They helped scientists better protect rich historical culture. C．They played a significant role in shaping the Earth as it is. D．They determined the carbon content in the Earth’s atmosphere. 【答案速查】12．C 13．A 14．D 15．C 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了克拉多桉木树的独特内部结构和重要生态角色，强调其在古代是重要的碳储存者和地球气候调节者，呼吁对其进行更深入的研究。 12．推理判断题。根据第二段的“Today their rare remains reveal little about their insides; in most cases their inner structures had rotted before the trees fossilize, and storms had filled them with sand. (如今，它们罕见的残骸几乎无法揭示它们的内部构造；在大多数情况下，它们的内部结构在树木变成化石之前就已经腐烂了，风暴用沙子填满了它们。)”可知，大多数情况下，这些树的内部结构在成为化石之前就已经腐烂，风暴也会将它们填满沙子，即它们的残骸保存地很差，这使得了解它们的内部结构变得困难。故选C。 13．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Modern trees add new layers of multiple xylem as they grow, creating a woody trunk with a single set of concentric rings. But in cladoxylopsids, “each strand of xylem had its own growth rings,” says scientist Christopher M. Berry of Cardiff University in Wales.(现代的树木在生长的过程中会增加新的多层木质部，形成一个具有单一同心环的木质树干。但威尔士卡迪夫大学的科学家Christopher M. Berry 说，在克拉多桉木树中，“每条木质部都有自己的生长环”。) ”可知，克拉多桉木树与现代树木形成单一的同心环结构不同，它们有许多独立的生长环。故选A。 14．推理判断题。根据第四段的“Over a tree’s lifetime the strands would weave and cross. “It’s just incredibly complex,” Berry says. He likens these networks of flexible tissues and structures to the Eiffel Tower—if tower could grow, extend and split itself apart over time.(在树的一生中，这些线会交织在一起。贝瑞说：“这太复杂了”。他把这些灵活的组织和结构网络比作埃菲尔铁塔——如果埃菲尔铁塔可以随着时间的推移而生长、延伸和分裂。)”可知，克拉多桉木树的木质部形成了一种复杂的网络结构，作者用“埃菲尔铁塔”作比喻是为了展示这种树木的网络结构是非常复杂的。故选D。 15．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Although the cladoxylopsid tree has no living descendants today, it is very important. Brigitte Meyer-Berthaud, a scientist, explains that these trees were among “the major carbon reservoirs of the Paleozoic”, a time period from 542 million to 251 million years ago. Cladoxylopsids made up our planet’s first forests, capturing carbon from the atmosphere and playing a part in adjusting Earth’s climate. Given this fact, maybe we should study these trees for the forests.(虽然今天的克拉多桉木树没有存活的后代，但它非常重要。科学家Brigitte Meyer-Berthaud解释说，这些树木是“古生代(5.42亿到2.51亿年前)主要的碳储存库”之一。克拉多桉木树成为了地球上的第一批森林，它们从大气中吸收碳，并在调节地球气候方面发挥了作用。考虑到这个事实，也许我们应该为森林研究这些树木。)”可知，克拉多桉木树是地球上古生代时期的森林之一，它们通过吸收大气中的碳并调节地球的气候，对塑造地球的气候产生了显著影响。故选C。 ( 原句 Cladoxylopsids made up our planet’s first forests, capturing carbon from the atmosphere and playing a part in adjusting Earth’s climate. 译文 克拉多桉木树成为了地球上的第一批森林，它们从大气中吸收碳，并在调节地球气候方面发挥了作用。 分析 +--[主句: Cladoxylopsids made up our planet’s first forests] | +--[伴随状语: capturing carbon from the atmosphere and playing a part in adjusting Earth’s climate] ) ( 1.concentric adj. 同中心的 2.reveal v. 揭示 3.cladoxylopsid n. 枝蕨类植物 4.fossilize v. 使成化石 5.preserved adj. 保存完好的 6.expose v. 暴露 7.conduct v. 传导 8.mineral salt n. 矿物盐 9.layer n. 层 10.reservoir n. 储存 ) （五） （2024·湖南永州·三模）As the seasons are starting to change around the world, the animal kingdom is on the move. Animal migration is one of nature's great wonders, but how do animals know when it is time to set off on their journey, or where they need to go? Once they've worked out their destination, how do they know how to get there? 16 . Migration is a behavioral pattern where animals travel from one habitat to another in search of something. It happens seasonally, and usually involves a return journey. These journeys can be by land, sea or air. 17 . Animals like gazelles, wildebeests and zebras migrate in huge herds during dry seasons to look for fresh grass to eat and water to drink. Animals also migrate because of the weather. Around 50 bird species leave the UK each winter to avoid the cold. 18 . They're either searching for a mate, looking for somewhere to lay their eggs or finding the best place to raise their young. For example, humpback whales travel to warmer waters each winter to raise their calves. 19 , but how do they know when it is time to head off? For those who migrate to look for something to eat, scientists think shortages of food could be a sign that it's time to begin their journey. Others might be able to recognize when winter is coming because they can see that the days are getting shorter. So how do they know where to go? Some use the stars and the sun to help them navigate while others rely on landmarks like rivers and mountains to show them where they are. 20 . Wildebeests are thought to follow the smell of rain. A．Below are some ways they get there B．Animals have their reasons for migrating C．Scientists have been puzzled by these questions for many years D．It's also possible for animals to sniff their way to their destination E．Some birds travel to the UK to escape extreme cold further north F．One of the main reasons behind animal migration is the search for food G．For some animals, it's the need to reproduce that sends them on their journey 【答案速查】16．C 17．F 18．G 19．B 20．D 【语篇解读】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要解释了动物迁移这一行为相关的问题。 16．根据空前“Animal migration is one of nature's great wonders, but how do animals know when it is time to set off on their journey, or where they need to go? Once they've worked out their destination, how do they know how to get there?(动物迁徙是大自然的奇迹，但动物们如何知道什么时候开始它们的行程，或者他们需要去哪里？一旦他们确定了目的地的，它们怎么知道如何到达那里？)”可知，空前提出了一些列与动物迁徙相关的问题，故C项“科学家被这些问题困扰了很多年。”符合，C项中的“these questions”指代空前提出的这几个问题，故选C项。 17．根据空后“Animals like gazelles, wildebeests and zebras migrate in huge herds during dry seasons to look for fresh grass to eat and water to drink.(像瞪羚、角马和斑马等动物在旱季成群结队地迁徙，寻找新鲜的草吃和水喝。)”可知，空后提到了瞪羚、角马和斑马等动物在旱季成群结队地迁徙，寻找新鲜的草吃和水喝，故它们迁徙的目的是为了寻找食物和水源，故F项“动物迁徙的其中一个重要的原因在于寻找食物。”符合，故选F项。 18．根据空后“They're either searching for a mate, looking for somewhere to lay their eggs or finding the best place to raise their young. For example, humpback whales travel to warmer waters each winter to raise their calves.(它们要么是在寻找配偶，也要么在寻找产卵的地方，要么寻找养育幼崽的最佳地点。)”可知，空后提出它们迁徙是为了寻找配偶，或者寻找产卵的地方，或者寻找养育幼崽的最佳地点，故G项“对于一些动物，是繁殖的需求让它们踏上了旅程。”符合，繁殖的需求让一些动物踏上了旅程，它们要么是在寻找配偶，也要么在寻找产卵的地方，要么寻找养育幼崽的最佳地点，故选G项。 19．根据空后“but how do they know when it is time to head off?(但是它们怎么知道什么时候该出发呢？)”可知，空后提出了另外一个问题，什么时候出发，且前文一直在解释动物迁徙的原因，故B项“动物有它们迁徙的理由。”符合，承上启下，总结前文分析的原因，并引出后文迁徙的时间，故选B项。 20．根据空前“Some use the stars and the sun to help them navigate while others rely on landmarks like rivers and mountains to show them where they are.(一些利用星星或太阳来帮助它们导航，而另一些则依靠和河流和山脉等地标来显示它们的位置。)”和空后“Wildebeests are thought to follow the smell of rain.(人们认为牛羚则是靠着闻雨水的味道。)”可知，空前和空后都提出了一些动物如何知道自己该去哪里的方法，故D项“动物也有可能通过嗅觉来到达目的地。”符合，空前提出一些动物通过地标和星星、太阳来帮助自己导航，而空后则具体举例牛羚是靠着闻雨水的味道，故D项引出后文，通过嗅觉来导航，故选D项。 ( 1.behavioral adj. 行为的 2.pattern n. 模式 3.seasonal adj. 季节性的 4.herd n. 兽群 5.navigate v. 导航 6.landmark n. 地标 7.extreme adj. 极端的 8.puzzled adj. 困惑的 9.reproduce v. 繁殖 10.destination n. 目的地 ) （六） （2024·黑龙江·三模）I was always interested in biology. However, it wasn’t until I saw a 21 about cave diving in senior high school, in which I watched divers pass by urchins (海胆), that I realized I wanted to 22 cave animals. The video didn’t mention the   23 in those underwater houses, but I 24 they must be there. More than just naming them, I wanted to learn about their 25 , which meant I needed to study them in their 26 habitat. Cave diving requires special 27 . In this photo taken during a sampling trip in March in Belize, you can see that I was carrying lights and navigation tools, and bringing extra air tanks. I was using a net and test tubes to collect tiny and nearly 28 animals floating in the water. Since then, I’ve come to 29 that caves are full of life: shrimps, sea stars and urchins, all 30 the low-light environments. Although underwater caves might seem far removed from surface environments, research has shown that these worlds are 31 in many ways. If pollutants get underground, they can 32 affect many ecosystems. The cave ecosystem is suffering from climate change. If we didn’t take action to 33 these amazing caves, they could be gone before we have the 34 to fully understand them. And everything that makes them unique would 35 , too. 21．A．film B．story C．paper D．book 22．A．adopt B．feed C．rescue D．study 23．A．caves B．creatures C．views D．divers 24．A．believed B．dreamed C．doubted D．disagreed 25．A．photos B．ecology C．names D．news 26．A．artificial B．shallow C．modern D．natural 27．A．time B．equipment C．information D．space 28．A．starving B．valuable C．invisible D．dying 29．A．deny B．promise C．learn D．imagine 30．A．adapting to B．appealing to C．breaking up D．clearing up 31．A．created B．mirrored C．linked D．interpreted 32．A．suddenly B．barely C．originally D．negatively 33．A．conserve B．explore C．decorate D．construct 34．A．permission B．desire C．decision D．chance 35．A．happen B．return C．disappear D．begin 【答案速查】 21．A 22．D 23．B 24．A 25．B 26．D 27．B 28．C 29．C 30．A 31．C 32．D 33．A 34．D 35．C 【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在中学时看过一部关于洞穴潜水的电影，从而开始对洞穴生物感兴趣，后来自己也去洞穴潜水，了解水下洞穴的生物及其生存环境。 21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，直到我在高中看到一部关于洞穴潜水的电影，在电影中我看到潜水员经过海胆，我才意识到我想研究洞穴动物。A. film电影；B. story故事；C. paper纸；D. book书。根据下文“The video didn’t mention…”提到视频，由此可知，此处应表示作者看了一部关于洞穴潜水的电影。故选A项。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，直到我在高中看到一部关于洞穴潜水的电影，在电影中我看到潜水员经过海胆，我才意识到我想研究洞穴动物。A. adopt采纳；B. feed喂养；C. rescue救援；D. study研究。根据下文“which meant I needed to study them in their ____6____habitat.”提到研究，由此可知，此处应表示作者意识到想研究洞穴动物。故选D项。 23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：视频没有提到那些水下房屋里的生物，但我相信它们一定在那里。A. caves洞穴；B. creatures生物；C. views景点；D. divers潜水员。根据上文“cave animals”由此可知，此处应表示视频没有提到那些水下房屋里的生物（即洞穴动物）。故选B项。 24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：视频没有提到那些水下房屋里的生物，但我相信它们一定在那里。A. believed相信；B. dreamed梦想；C. doubted怀疑；D. disagreed不同意。根据上文“The video didn’t mention the creatures in those underwater houses”提到视频没有提到那些水下房屋里的生物和转折词but，由此可知，此处应表示作者相信它们一定在那里。故选A项。 25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了给它们命名，我还想了解它们的生态，这意味着我需要在它们的自然栖息地研究它们。A. photos照片；B. ecology生态；C. names名字；D. news新闻。根据下文“If pollutants get underground, they can ____12____affect many ecosystems.”提到影响许多生态系统，由此可知，此处应表示作者想了解它们的生态。故选B项。 26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除了给它们命名，我还想了解它们的生态，这意味着我需要在它们的自然栖息地研究它们。A. artificial人工的；B. shallow 浅的；C. modern当代的；D. natural自然的。根据上文提到的作者想了解它们的生态，以及下文“habitat”可知，此处应表示作者需要在它们的自然栖息地研究它们。故选D项。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：洞穴潜水需要特殊的设备。A. time时间；B. equipment设备；C. information信息；D. space空间。根据下文“you can see that I was carrying lights and navigation tools, and bringing extra air tanks.”提到作者带着的工具，由此可知，此处应表示洞穴潜水需要特殊的设备。故选B项。 28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我用网和试管收集漂浮在水中几乎看不见的小动物。A. starving饥饿的；B. valuable有价值的；C. invisible看不见的；D. dying垂死的。根据语境以及上文“tiny”可知，此处应表示作者用网和试管收集漂浮在水中几乎看不见的小动物。故选C项。 29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，我开始了解到洞穴里充满了生命：虾、海星和海胆，它们都在适应弱光环境。A. deny否定；B. promise承诺；C. learn了解；D. imagine想象。根据下文“that caves are full of life: shrimps, sea stars and urchins, all 　　10　　the low-light environments.”由此可知，此处应表示作者开始了解到洞穴里充满了生命：虾、海星和海胆。故选C项。 30．考查动词短语辨析。句意：从那时起，我开始了解到洞穴里充满了生命：虾、海星和海胆，它们都在适应弱光环境。A. adapting to适应；B. appealing to吸引；C. breaking up分解；D. clearing up清理。根据语境以及下文“the low-light environments.”由此可知，此处应表示住在洞穴的虾、海星和海胆这些生物都在适应弱光环境。故选A项。 31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管水下洞穴似乎与地表环境相去甚远，但研究表明，这些生物圈在许多方面都是联系在一起的。A. created创造；B. mirrored反射；C. linked联系；D. interpreted解释。根据上文“Although underwater caves might seem far removed from surface environments”提到尽管水下洞穴似乎与地表环境相去甚远，由此可知，下文与上文存在语义上的转折，此处应表示这些生物圈在许多方面都是联系在一起的。故选C项。 32．考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果污染物进入地下，它们会对许多生态系统产生负面影响。A. suddenly突然；B. barely几乎不；C. originally起初；D. negatively负面地。根据上文“If pollutants get underground”提到污染物进入地下，由此可知，此处应表示它们会对许多生态系统产生负面影响。故选D项。 33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们不采取行动保护这些神奇的洞穴，它们可能在我们有机会完全了解它们之前就消失了。A. conserve保护；B. explore探索；C. decorate装饰；D. construct建设。根据下文“they could be gone”由此可知，此处应表示这些神奇的洞穴可能会消失，所以需要我们去保护它们。故选A项。 34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我们不采取行动保护这些神奇的洞穴，它们可能在我们有机会完全了解它们之前就消失了。A. permission准许；B. desire渴望；C. decision决定；D. chance机会。根据上文“they could be gone before we…”以及下文“to fully understand them”由此可知，此处应表示它们可能在我们有机会完全了解它们之前就消失了。故选D项。 35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所有让它们独一无二的东西也会消失。A. happen发生；B. return返回；C. disappear消失；D. begin开始。根据上文“they could be gone”以及下文“too”由此可知，此处应表示所有让它们独一无二的东西也会消失。故选C项。 ( 1.biology n. 生物学 2.cave diving n. 洞穴潜水 3.urchin n. 海胆 4.navigation n. 导航 5.ecosystem n. 生态系统 6.pollutant n. 污染物 7.equipment n. 设备 8.ecology n. 生态 9.negatively adv. 消极地 10.conserve v. 保护 ) （一） （2024·全国甲卷）Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help,  scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed. Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like. Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it! 1．What can be learned about cats' meowing from the first paragraph? A．It's a survival skill. B．It's taught by mother cats. C．It's hard to interpret. D．It's getting louder with age. 2．How does a pet cat assess different situations? A．By listening for sounds. B．By touching familiar objects. C．By checking on smells. D．By communicating with other cats. 3．Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 3? A．Perform appropriately. B．Move faster. C．Act strangely. D．Do better. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B．Understanding Your Cat's Behavior C．Have Fun with Your Cat D．How to Keep Your Cat Healthy 【答案速查】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了猫通过叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物来表达需求、评估环境和展示爱意。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. (动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。例如，几乎所有的动物都有独特的声音，它们依靠这些声音来寻求帮助，吓跑危险的动物或寻找庇护。)”和“Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother’s attention and be fed. (猫宝宝一出生就开始喵喵叫，喵喵叫是为了引起妈妈的注意和被喂食。)”可知，猫叫声是一种生存技能。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. (猫有许多敏锐的感官，但它们的嗅觉令人印象深刻。它们用鼻子来评估周围的环境，寻找任何危险的迹象。)”可知，宠物猫通过检查气味来评估不同情况。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词前半句“Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, (狗以其令人印象深刻的抓取习惯而闻名)”和后句“Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. (许多猫会在外面随意找到一些东西，并把它们带给主人。)”可知，狗以取回东西而闻名，但猫可以从外边找到东西带回来，因此在这一行为上更上一层楼。短语take ... up a notch是用来形容猫在带回东西这一行为上做得更好或更出色。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways.( 动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。)”及全文可知，文章都在介绍和解释猫的各种行为方式，包括叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物的习惯，以及这些行为背后的原因和意义。所以“Understanding Your Cat’s Behavior(了解你的猫的行为)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。 （二） （2023·全国乙卷）Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. 5 , but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive. What are indoor plants? Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. 6 . Why are indoor plants good for you? Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “ 7 . I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. 8 . Which plants can you grow? Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants. “ 9 ,” Spoelstra says. “It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.” A．All plants are different B．Not only do they look beautiful C．There are many benefits to growing plants indoors D．Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer E．Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best F．Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help G．Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding 【答案速查】5．B 6．D 7．C 8．E 9．G 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是室内植物、室内植物带来的好处及你能种植哪些室内植物。 5．根据下文“but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory.(而且研究表明，它们可以通过改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助增强记忆力来促进人们的健康)”可知，此处与下文是递进关系，构成not only…but“不仅……而且……”结构。由此可知，B. Not only do they look beautiful(它们不仅看起来很漂亮)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B。 6．根据上文“Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter.(这些品种中的许多都不适合在英国户外生长，尤其是在冬天)”可知，有些植物不适合在户外寒冷的环境中生长，即适合在温暖的地方生长。由此可知，D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer(相反，它们在温暖的室内生长得更好)能够承接上文，符合语境。故选D。 7．根据下文“I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.(我发现在冬天的几个月里，房子周围的植物真的能提升你的情绪)”可知，室内植物对人有好处。由此可知，C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors(在室内种植植物有很多好处)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选C。 8．根据上文“There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.(也有研究表明，盆栽植物可以通过去除二氧化碳等有害气体来净化周围的空气。它们还能去除油漆或烹饪中的一些有害化学物质)”可知，盆栽植物能够清除有害物质。由此可知，E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are among the best(像和平百合和魔芋之类的植物是最好的)能够承接上文，列举了在这方面做的最好的植物，符合语境。故选E。 9．根据上文“Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature-which is part of the joy of owning plants.(年轻的植物通常比成熟的植物便宜，而且你可以在它们成熟时照顾它们——这是拥有植物的乐趣之一)”可知，不同的植物需求是不同的。由此可知，G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding(了解每种植物的需求是非常有益的)能够承接上文，同时引起下文，下文“It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”(它可以为人们的生活带来新的兴趣和焦点，并有助于建立家庭与自然之间的联系。)”具体介绍了了解每种植物的需求的好处。故选G。 （三） （2023·浙江1月卷）The sun was beginning to sink as I set off into the Harenna Forest. I was on my way to 10 a unique honey harvest. Here, in south-east Ethiopia, hand-carved beehives(蜂箱)are placed in the 11 . Reaching them to get the honey is difficult—and often 12 . I 13 beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle. Ziyad began preparations. He 14 handfuls of damp tree leaves, wrapped them with string, and 15 the bunch to create a torch(火把). Then, with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree, Ziyad began 16 . He stopped every few minutes to move the 17 higher up the tree trunk. 18 , Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground. Sitting on a branch, he 19 towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive. Suddenly, Ziyad let out a sharp cry. Within seconds, he’d 20 the trunk and was back on the ground. It was too 21 to collect the honey. A cool summer had delayed 22 . Baby bees were still in the honeycombs(蜂巢). The adult bees were 23 and kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree. He had to wait for the right 24 to go back up. 10．A．share B．collect C．celebrate D．witness 11．A．courtyards B．fields C．treetops D．caves 12．A．urgent B．dangerous C．expensive D．pointless 13．A．searched B．recognised C．followed D．invited 14．A．gathered B．cleaned C．dropped D．checked 15．A．shook B．lit C．measured D．decorated 16．A．jumping B．talking C．testing D．climbing 17．A．hives B．leaves C．rope D．honey 18．A．Finally B．Surprisingly C．Naturally D．Immediately 19．A．backed B．dived C．shouted D．inched 20．A．cut off B．gone up C．slid down D．held onto 21．A．high B．early C．fast D．close 22．A．hatching B．training C．sowing D．trading 23．A．curious B．hungry C．bored D．angry 24．A．moment B．equipment C．person D．order 【答案速查】 10．D 11．C 12．B 13．C 14．A 15．B 16．D 17．C 18．A 19．D 20．C 21．B 22．A 23．D 24．A 【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者跟随埃塞俄比亚坚持传统养蜂技艺的Ziyad，进行的一次独特的采蜜经历。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我此行是见证一次独特的采蜜行动。A. share分享；B. collect收集；C. celebrate庆祝；D. witness见证；目睹。根据下文“I ____4____ beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle.”可知，作者是跟随经验丰富的养蜂人Ziyad见证埃塞俄比亚传统的采蜜方式。故选D项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在埃塞俄比亚东南部，手工制作的蜂箱被放在树顶。A. courtyards庭院；B. fields田野；领域；C. treetops树顶；D. caves洞穴。根据下文“higher up the tree trunk.”可知，手工制作的蜂箱是放在树顶高处。故选C项。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：靠近树顶的蜂箱采蜜是很困难的，而且相当危险。A. urgent紧急的；B. dangerous危险的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. pointless毫无意义的。根据“The adult bees were ____14____ and kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree.”可知，采摘蜂蜜可能会招致蜂群持续不断的攻击，这是很危险的。故选B项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我跟随着养蜂人走过一片广阔的草地，进入茂密的丛林。A. searched搜索；B. recognised认出；C. followed跟随；D. invited邀请。根据前文“I was on my way to ____1____ a unique honey harvest.”可知，作者此行是为了跟随经验丰富的养蜂人，近距离观察Ziyad如何采蜜。故选C项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他采集了几捧潮湿的树叶，用细绳把它们包裹起来，最后点燃这捆树叶当火把。A. gathered聚集、采集；B. cleaned清除；C. dropped掉落；D. checked检查。根据下文“handfuls of damp tree leaves”可知，此处指Ziyad从丛林各处，收集一些潮湿的树叶。故选A项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他采集了几捧潮湿的树叶，用线把它们包裹起来，最后点燃这捆树叶当火把。A. shook摇晃；B. lit点燃；点亮；C. measured测量；D. decorated装饰。根据后文“to create a torch”可知，此空格处指点燃用细绳捆扎的树叶当火把。故选B项。 16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，将绳子的一头拴在腰间，另一头则缠绕在一棵大树的树干上。然后Ziyad开始向上攀爬。A. jumping跳；B. talking谈话；C. testing测试；D. climbing攀爬。根据“higher up the tree trunk”可知，Ziyad要向上爬到树顶，才能采集到蜂蜜。故选D项。 17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他每过一会儿就停下调整绳索位置，继续向上攀爬。A. hives蜂房；B. leaves树叶；C. rope绳索；D. honey蜂蜜。根据“Then, with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree,”可知，Ziyad是通过不断调整绳索的位置，保证自己安全灵活地向上攀爬。故选C项。 18．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Ziyad最终到达了蜂巢。那儿距离地面大概有20米高。A. Finally最终；B. Surprisingly令人意外地；C. Naturally自然地；D. Immediately立刻。根据上文“He stopped every few minutes to move the ____8____ higher up the tree trunk.”可知，身手矫健的Ziyad借助绳索不断向上攀爬，终于到达树顶放置蜂巢的位置。故选A项。 19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ziyad坐在一节树枝上，小心翼翼地将火把靠近蜂巢，对准火把，将烟吹入蜂巢的一个小孔里。A. backed支持；B. dived跳水；C. shouted对……大声喊叫；D. inched缓慢移动。根据上文“Reaching them to get the honey is difficult—and often ____3____”可知，采集蜂蜜是困难且危险的工作，这要求采蜜的人经验丰富，动作快慢节奏快慢结合，此处指Ziyad小心翼翼地将火把凑近蜂巢，将烟吹入蜂巢中。故选D项。 20．考查动词短语辨析。句意：几秒钟过后，他就从树干滑下，重新回到地面。A. cut off切除；B. gone up上升；C. slid down滑下；D. held onto抓牢。根据前文“Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground.”和后文“was back on the ground”可知，Ziyad是从树顶滑下，回到地面。故选C项。 21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在采集蜂蜜还为时尚早。A. high高的；B. early早的；C. fast快速的；D. close亲近的。根据下文“A cool summer had delayed ____13____ . Baby bees were still in the honeycombs(蜂巢).”可知，现在蜜蜂幼虫尚未成年，蜂蜜酿造完成还需要一段时日。故选B项。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：夏天凉爽的温度延误了幼虫孵化。A. hatching孵化；B. training培训；C. sowing播种；D. trading与……作交易；交换。根据“Baby bees were still in the honeycombs(蜂巢).”可知，此时蜜蜂宝宝较以往孵化时间更晚，尚未成年。故选A项。 23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Ziyad从树上逃离之时，成年蜂群被激怒了，持续不断地攻击他。A. curious好奇的；B. hungry饥饿的；C. bored无聊的；D. angry生气的。根据下文“kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree”可知，蜜蜂被外来侵入者激怒，不停地攻击Ziyad。故选D项。 24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他需要等待合适的时刻，再次爬上树顶采摘蜂蜜。A. moment时刻；B. equipment设备；C. person个人；D. order点餐；命令。根据上文“A cool summer had delayed ____13____ . Baby bees were still in the honeycombs(蜂巢).”可知，蜂蜜尚未形成，Ziyad只好另待时机，等幼虫变成成年蜂后，再来采蜜。故选A项。 （2023·浙江1月卷）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I was invited to a cookout on an old friend’s farm in western Washington. I parked my car outside the farm and walked past a milking house which had apparently not been used in many years. A noise at a window caught my attention, so I entered it. It was a hummingbird (蜂鸟), desperately trying to escape. She was covered in spider-webs (蛛网) and was barely able to move her wings. She ceased her struggle the instant I picked her up. With the bird in my cupped hand, I looked around to see how she had gotten in. The broken window glass was the likely answer. I stuffed a piece of cloth into the hole and took her outside, closing the door securely behind me. When I opened my hand, the bird did not fly away; she sat looking at me with her bright eyes. I removed the sticky spider-webs that covered her head and wings. Still, she made no attempt to fly. Perhaps she had been struggling against the window too long and was too tired? Or too thirsty? As I carried her up the blackberry-lined path toward my car where I kept a water bottle, she began to move. I stopped, and she soon took wing but did not immediately fly away. Hovering (悬停), she approached within six inches of my face. For a very long moment, this tiny creature looked into my eyes, turning her head from side to side. Then she flew quickly out of sight. During the cookout, I told my hosts about the hummingbird incident. They promised to fix the window. As I was departing, my friends walked me to my car. I was standing by the car when a hummingbird flew to the center of our group and began hovering. She turned from person to person until she came to me. She again looked directly into my eyes, then let out a squeaking call and was gone. For a moment, all were speechless. Then someone said, “She must have come to say goodbye.” 注意： 1. 续写词数应为 150 左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 A few weeks later, I went to the farm again. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I was just about to leave when the hummingbird appeared. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案： A few weeks later, I went to the farm again. As my car neared it my thoughts drifted back to the moment when I rescued the hummingbird from the spider’s web. I rushed back to the deserted house. It was a great comfort that the original hole in the window was nowhere to be found. Leaving the house, I couldn’t help wondering how it was getting on now. Had it managed to find its way back home, or was it still out there somewhere struggling to survive?     I was just about to leave when the hummingbird appeared. A flash of movement caught my attention. I turned around to see the same hummingbird hovering in the air. It seemed that the bird was waiting for me, its beady eyes locked on mine as if trying to convey some deep, unspoken gratitude. I felt a surge of relief and awe at the sight of this sound and grateful creature, and I knew that I would always cherish the memories we shared as I climbed into my car and drove away. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者被邀请去一个农场野餐，发现一个房子里有只蜂鸟被蜘蛛网困住了，作者把蜂鸟救了，把蜂鸟带出去的时候它迟迟不肯走，当作者走到一条布满黑莓的小路时，它开始动了，但是却不肯飞走，徘徊着，后来终于飞走了，当作者准备离开时，蜂鸟又飞到作者面前，好像是在和作者告别。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“几个星期后，我又去了农场。”可知，第一段可描写作者回到农场时所看到的和所想到的。 ②由第二段首句内容“我正要离开，这时蜂鸟出现了。”可知，第二段可描写蜂鸟是如何对作者的以及作者的感想。 2.续写线索：想起救蜂鸟的时候——回到那个房子——想到那只蜂鸟——看见蜂鸟——蜂鸟的表现——作者的感想 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①思绪回到……：thoughts drift back to/thoughts return to ②匆匆回到：rush back to/hurry back to ③盯着：eyes locked on/eyes staring at 情绪类 ①宽慰：feel a surge of relief/feel relieved ②感激：grateful/thankful 【点睛】[高分句型1] As my car neared it my thoughts drifted back to the moment when I rescued the hummingbird from the spider’s web. (由as引导的时间状语从句和when引导的限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] It was a great comfort that the original hole in the window was nowhere to be found. 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