专题07 阅读理解之说明文(常州中考真题+名校模拟)-备战2025年中考英语常考语法点+题型练习(中考真题+名校模拟真题)(常州专用)

专题07 阅读理解之说明文 (常州中考真题+名校模拟) （2024·江苏常州·中考真题） The Chinese ancient tea ceremony(仪式) is a practice of preparing, serving, and enjoying tea. It might start in the Tang Dynasty or even earlier and it reached its greatest time in the Song Dynasty. The traditional Chinese tea ceremony is usually held in important situations to welcome guests. Main steps: *Prepare a tea set. To hold a Chinese tea ceremony, a full tea set is needed, including a teapot, a serving bowl, cups, plates, etc. *Heat the tea set. This step can help tea fully give off its nice smell. *Put tea leaves into the teapot. Use the teaspoon, not the hand, to place some tea leaves into the teapot. *Wash tea leaves. Pour the hot water into the teapot and keep it for a few seconds, and then pour out water quickly. *Brew tea. Refill the teapot with hot water of a proper temperature, cover it and wait for a few minutes to keep the pleasant smell of the tea soup. Manners and rules: If you are the host, please: *Serve the tea with both of your hands. *Do not fill the teacup fully, since the hot tea soup might hurt the guests. *Keep an eye on the teacups of your guests and fill them in time. If you are the guest, please: *Receive the teacup with both hands when being served with tea. *Show your admiration and thanks to the host when smelling or drinking the tea soup. *Take a small mouthful of tea soup every time instead of drinking it up at a time. *Dress properly to attend the tea ceremony. 1．What should you do before putting tea leaves into the teapot? A．Clean tea leaves. B．Dry tea leaves. C．Cool the tea set. D．Heat the tea set. 2．Which of the following is considered to be good manners? A．The host fills the guest’s teacup fully. B．The host keeps an eye on the guests. C．The guest receives the teacup with his right hand. D．The guest drinks the tea slowly to show his politeness. 3．Which part of a magazine is the text most probably from? A．Food. B．Culture. C．Entertainment. D．History. （2024·江苏常州·中考真题）①China published the world’s first highly clear lunar geologic (地质的) atlas (地图集) on April 21. According to the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), it will provide up-to-date information for future lunar research and exploration. ②“These maps will help choose locations for future lunar research stations,” Ouyang Ziyuan, a well-known lunar scientist, said. “They can also help us better know about the Earth and other planets in the solar system, like Mars.” ③The world has seen great progress in the field of lunar science over the past half a century. However, the lunar geologic atlas that was developed during the Apollo Program remained unchanged. “As lunar geologic studies develop, those old maps can no longer satisfy future needs,” said Liu Jianzhong, a CAS researcher. ④Since 2012, Ouyang and Liu have led a team of scientists from several research centers in compiling (编制) this atlas. Their work was mainly built on information gained from China’s Chang’e Program. Information from other research projects and international tasks was also used. ⑤The new geologic atlas, which is published in both Chinese and English, presents a scale (比例尺) of 1: 2.5 million. Compared with the 1:5 million scale lunar maps from the US in 2020, these larger scale maps show more details. As well as the geologic history of the moon, they provide information on its 14 types of structures (结构) and 17 types of rocks. A total of 12,341 impact craters (撞击坑) and 81 impact basins have also been marked. ⑥This atlas is set to serve many useful purposes, such as lunar resources research and science education. Liu said the upcoming Chang’e-6 task would also use the atlas. “Our maps can help the research by providing scientific support,” he explained. ⑦“Compiling the atlas was a huge task, which included years of effort from a large number of researchers,” said Gregory Michael, a German scientist. “It will be a starting point for every new question of lunar geology.” 4．What is the great value of the new atlas? A．It is the first lunar geologic atlas in the world. B．It proves the hard work of Chinese scientists. C．It will meet the future needs in lunar studies. D．It is built on information from many researches. 5．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A．The large size and mystery of the moon. B．The discovery of Chang’e Program. C．The details of the new geologic atlas. D．The challenges the scientists face. 6．How does the writer prove “This atlas is set to serve many useful purposes”? A．By comparing different purposes. B．By using Chang’e-6 task as an example. C．By using a German scientist’s words. D．By listing information from the new maps. 7．What does “It” in the last paragraph refer to(指代)? A．Scientific support. B．The lunar research. C．Effort from researchers. D．Compiling the atlas. （2023·江苏常州·中考真题）Scientists who study happiness have evidence (证据) to show that being kind to others can result in happiness. Acts as simple as buying a cup of coffee for someone can lift a person’s mood, for example. Everyday life is full of chances for such actions, yet people do not always make the most of them. In studies, behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley and I examined a possible explanation: people who do kind acts underestimate (低估) how much the ones receiving kindness value their behavior. In the experiments (实验), about 1, 000 people were asked to do some actions to make someone else feel good. We asked both the person performing (执行) the kind act and the one receiving it to answer some questions. The performers were asked to report their own experience and to guess how the receivers might feel. We wanted to understand how valuable people considered these acts to be, so both the performer and receiver had to rate (评分) how “big” the act seemed. In all cases, we compared the performer’s expectations of the receiver’s mood with the receiver’s actual (实际的) experience. For one, both performers and receivers experienced more positive (积极的) moods. For another, the receivers felt much better than the kind performers expected. The receivers also rated these acts as “bigger” than the people performing them did. At first, we studied acts of the kindness done for familiar people, such as friends, classmates or family. But we found that performers underestimated their positive influences on strangers as well. In one experiment, performers in a public park gave away hot chocolate on a cold winter’s day to people that just happened to be nearby. Again, the kind act brought more happiness than the performers expected. These findings suggest that what might seem small could matter a great deal to the person we do it for. Considering these warm actions can improve our own mood and brighten the day of another person, why not choose kindness when we can? 8．What did the receivers do in the experiments? A．They showed kindness to others. B．They guessed the performers’ feelings. C．They rated how valuable the performers’ act of kindness was. D．They compared the performers’ expectations with their actual results. 9．What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A．Different purposes of the research. B．More evidence for the research results. C．Possible influences of the research findings. D．Another explanation of the research methods. 10．What is the writer’s attitude (态度) towards showing kindness to others? A．Supportive. B．Unclear. C．Doubtful. D．Uninterested. 11．What is the main idea of this article? A．Being kind can reduce one’s happiness as expected. B．Kindness can have unexpectedly positive influences. C．Choosing kindness is more difficult than expected. D．Showing kindness is more valuable than receiving it. （2023·江苏常州·中考真题）Sending astronauts to Mars is a big challenge. Astronauts will have to take everything they need, including food, air and water. The room inside the spaceship is too limited to hold many things. So packing a spaceship is a huge challenge for a trip to Mars. Six astronauts on an eight-month trip to Mars will need at least 18,000 kilograms of water for drinking and washing. They’ll also need water to protect themselves from space rays which can pass right through spaceship walls and harm astronauts’ living cells. But a layer of water placed around the ship can stop the harm. That’s a lot of water. And sending water into space is too expensive. It costs $33,000 to send one cup of water to Mars. The more you take, the more it costs. We have the technology to get to Mars, but the problem is that it’s too expensive. But Flynn, an engineer at NASA, thinks he has a way of solving the problem. Instead of building a heavy spaceship and packing it full of stuff (物料), why not use the stuff as part of the spaceship? Imagine a spaceship that blows up like a balloon. Inside, the walls have pockets like a big honeycomb (蜂巢). These hold lots of plastic bags filled with water, dried food and algae (水藻). All these make hard walls and great radiation (辐射) protection. And stopping radiation doesn’t influence the food or water itself—it’s safe to eat and drink. And what if the same water could be reused again and again? Flynn and his team call their packed-pocket idea Water Walls. Making oxygen and taking away CO2—the waste gas you breathe out—is another problem in space. “Water Walls will take away CO2 the same way it’s done here on our Earth—with living plants,” Flynn says. Living plants take in CO2 to make their food, and give off oxygen. “Plants are hard to grow in a spacecraft, so we use algae,” he says. Algae are tiny plants that live in water. The algae will live in bags in the walls too, fed by human waste and sunlight, eating up CO2 and making oxygen for the astronauts to breathe. Flynn thinks his onboard recycling system has many advantages. He hopes it will help make flying to Mars a reality very soon. 12．What does the underlined phrase “packing a spaceship” in paragraph 1 most probably mean? A．repairing things in a spaceship B．recycling things in a spaceship C．checking things in a spaceship D．putting things into a spaceship 13．What is the advantage of Flynn’s system? A．Cost is saved. B．Travelling time is saved. C．Plastic bags are saved. D．Food is saved. 14．What is one purpose of Flynn’s idea of Water Walls? A．To prevent space rays during the space trip. B．To make the whole spaceship stronger. C．To control the temperature in the spaceship. D．To produce water in the spaceship. 15．Why are algae put in the plastic bags? A．To prevent water from being polluted. B．To serve as food for astronauts. C．To provide oxygen for astronauts. D．To help other plants grow in a spaceship. （2024·江苏常州·三模）I used to be part of the group of “no phone calls allowed”, but now I’m used to turning on my phone’s ring (响铃声). Some of my friends usually call me at night. Then come anywhere from 20 minutes to two hours of conversations that include everything from pop culture and our days at work to our friends. It’s like being transported back to high school in the 1990s, where you would call your classmates secretly at night. When it’s finally time to end these conversations, with a silly smile on my face, I’m ready to sleep. Why do these feelings come with a phone call, but not with a night of texting or messaging? It might be because in our culture of busyness, someone taking time out to have a non-necessary phone conversation means they’re saying “You matter to me”. Neuroscientist Dr Lila Landowski says, “When we talk to people we care about—whether in person or over the phone—our brain produces oxytocin (催产素). Oxytocin is responsible for (对……负责) that feeling of being close and connected to someone. And it also makes us feel better by reducing the levels of stress hormones (荷尔蒙) in our body. Text messaging doesn’t seem to have similar effects.” But people born after 1988 seldom answer their phones. Growing up with mobile phones and messaging, they believe a phone call means less time to think about how to reply, more possibility of hurting another person, and of course more awkward (尴尬的) silence. Yet it would seem that those who avoid the phone call are missing out. Professor Barbara Keys says research has shown that phone calls make people feel wanted, needed, included and involved (参与的). That’s certainly the case for me. I no longer see a night at home as a boring time to be filled with a TV show I’m only half-interested in. Tonight, a phone call means I’ll discover something new about someone I care about, and laugh at least three times. 16．What do we know about the writer in Paragraph 1? A．He calls others only when necessary. B．He misses his high school classmates. C．He enjoys the phone calls from his friends. D．He finds it hard to sleep when he feels excited. 17．How does oxytocin influence people? A．It makes us feel connected to others. B．It processes text information. C．It increases stress hormone levels. D．It helps us express ourselves clearly. 18．Which would the writer agree with according to Paragraph 3? A．Young people seldom miss others’ calls. B．Young people prefer to make friends online. C．Young people heavily depend on mobile phones. D．Young people dislike answering phone calls these days. 19．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Before you pick up your phone, think twice B．If you avoid phone calls, you’re missing out C．What happens in our brain when we call others D．How communications have changed over time （2024·江苏常州·三模） For the younger generation (一代) in China, modern toys have always been attractive. Recently, Beijing silk figurines (北京绢人), with fine clothing and lively facial expressions, have proved that they are just as attractive as modern toys. As a form of national intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产), Beijing silk figurines have a history of more than 1, 000 years, dating all the way to the Tang Dynasty. Usually, a traditional silk figurine is mainly made of natural silk. He Mei is an inheritor (传承者) of Beijing silk figurines. When first seeing the dolls, she was so impressed by their appearances that she decided to learn the skill of making them. Later she set up her company in 2013 to produce silk figurines. Now He’s team is working hard to make Beijing silk figurines go further. “People are familiar with American Barbie dolls. I want to turn Beijing silk figurines into ‘Chinese Barbie dolls’,” she said. Traditional Chinese culture is the main source (来源) of the inspiration (灵感) for their designs. The first Beijing silk figurines the team produced were modelled after the different roles in Peking Opera. The team has also turned well-known characters from other Chinese operas into figurines. To make its products more popular, He’s team has developed complete DIY tool bags, so people can create a figurine of their own within an hour. Besides, He’s company has even worked with robot companies to power their figurines with technology. “The connection of the ancient folk art with technology will make people even more interested in the art,” He said. 20．The history of Beijing silk figurines can date back to ________. A．the Sui Dynasty B．the Song Dynasty C．the Tang Dynasty D．the Ming Dynasty 21．Where does He’s team mainly get the inspiration for figurine designs? A．From cartoon characters. B．From traditional Chinese culture. C．From movie and TV stars. D．From American Barbie dolls. 22．What can we know about He Mei’s company? A．It was started in 2003. B．It sells American Barbie dolls. C．It has 1, 000 workers now. D．It works with other companies. （2024·江苏常州·二模）With a complete system of stage performance and a long history, Beijing Opera, or Peking Opera, as one of Chinese major traditional opera forms, is considered as the national opera of China and well received all over the world. Appearing in the late 18th century, Beijing Opera has a history of more than 200 years in which its fountainhead (根源) can be dated back to some old local operas, especially Anhui Opera. After improving itself in language and style of singing to Beijing audiences, it became fully developed and accepted in the mid-19th century. Through a period of more than half a century of mixing various kinds of opera, there evolved (逐渐演变) the present Peking opera, the biggest kind of opera in China, whose popularity (流行) spread all over the country, becoming the most popular and influencing dramatic form on Chinese stage. Because of having the advantages of many local dramas, Beijing Opera has become a fantastic acting art, which blends singing, reading, acting, fighting, and dancing together by using acting methods to tell stories and describe different characters of gladness, sorrow, anger, happiness, fear and sadness. Beijing Opera shows four main types of performers namely Sheng, Dan, Jing and Chou. Sheng and Dan refer to the main male and all female roles. The painted face, in Chinese called “Jing”, is a name for the male role that has some special characteristic or appearance. Chou is easily understood from the role’s name as a clown with an ugly appearance, whose usually provides comedy. The opera’s performance requires not only the excellent voice but also the martial actions proficiency (熟练). Successful opera actors and actresses must experience the tough practicing period. In recent years, Beijing Opera has relied several reforms, including improving the performance quality, using new performance elements (元素), in order to attract audience. Widely spreading all over China with great influence, Beijing Opera has the soul of Chinese national culture. There is no doubt that it is the treasure of Chinese culture! 23．Which of the following about the history of Beijing Opera is TRUE? A．Anhui Opera was based on Beijing Opera. B．Beijing Opera was created in Qing Dynasty. C．Beijing Opera became fully accepted in about 1950. D．The language and the style of sing met the needs of Beijing audiences at first. 24．According to the passage, a 20-year-old girl cannot play as _______. ① Sheng          ② Dan      ③ Jing      ④ Chou A．① ② B．① ③ C．② ④ D．③ ④ 25．What part can be the best choice to put this passages in? A．Hot events. B．Art and culture. C．Travelling guide. D．Daily life. （2024·江苏常州·二模）Wearing a pink hairpin, white T-shirt and pink shorts, a “girl” who looks three or four years old has caught much attention at the exhibition of the 2024 Zhongguancun Forum (论坛) in Beijing. The “girl” named Tong Tong, is a new artificial intelligence(AI) robot, according to Zhu Songchun, the developer of the product. After being programmed to keep things tidy, Tong Tong independently got a towel to mop up spilled milk when she noticed it on the table — the behavior came from her own decision made based on a guide of value, instead of a pre-set (预先设置的) program. “Unlike the common AI, she can understand your words, guess your purposes and offer help.” said Zhu, adding that Tong Tong is expected to be used in different situations of six fields, including emergency (紧急情况), transportation, education and healthcare. AI industry is developing quickly in China. According to the information from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (工信部), the total scale (规模) of China’s core AI industry has reached 500 billion yuan($ 70.37 billion), and the number of related business has exceeded 4,400. In the field of autonomous (自动的) driving, driverless vehicles with AI technology can choose the way by themselves, with a proper speed and smoothly ride on different roads. In the medical field, surgical robots with AI systems can help with operations, which leads to reducing pain after operations and cutting hospital stays short. In the large language model (LLM大语言模型), which has become the main part of AI development, official data (数据) shows that China’s number of self-developed LLMs has reached second in the world. It provides different services, such as designing speeches, business plans and instructions, as well as drawing mind maps, covering many parts of work and life. “More and more creative AI product forms are expected to be seen in 2024.” said Wu Hequan, an academician at the Chinese Academy of Engineering (中国工程院). “China is a leading country in the internet field, and will also be a leading country in AI application.” 26．How does the writer start the passage? A．By giving an example. B．By making a comparison(比较). C．By raising a question. D．By listing numbers. 27．According to Tong tong’s behaviour, what does the writer infer (暗示)? A．Tong Tong is unlike the common AI. B．Tong Tong can completely know our purposes. C．Tong Tong needs instructions before doing something. D．Some robots before Tong Tong did things based on pre-set programs. 28．How can AI help improve people’s life? A．Driverless vehicles ride faster than human drivers. B．AI can make speeches and business plans and give instructions. C．Driverless vehicles choose the route with the help of the human drivers. D．With the help of surgical robots, patients may spend less time in hospital. 29．What is the best title of this passage? A．Future of AI in China B．How to use AI C．2024 Zhongguancun Forum D．China embraces (拥抱) AI （2024·江苏常州·一模） ①The Chinese language differs from Western languages in that, instead of an alphabet (字母表）, it uses characters (汉字) which stand for ideas, objects or deeds. Chinese words are formed by putting together different characters. In many cases, a single character can also make up a word. As one kind of the most ancient characters, Chinese characters have played an important part in the development of Chinese culture. At first, ancient Sumerian and ancient Egyptian symbols existed (存在), but only Chinese characters are still in use today. The history of the Chinese language can be examined by looking at how these characters developed. ②Chinese writing began thousands of years ago. According to an ancient story, a man named Cang Jie invented Chinese writing. One winter day while he was hunting, he saw the footprints of animals in the snow and noticed that the appearance of each one was different. Then he had the idea that he could use different shapes to represent different objects. The first Chinese characters were drawings of physical objects. Some characters have been simplified (简化) and others have been made more difficult over time. ③However, as a whole, the characters have developed from drawings into standard forms. The character for a mountain was at first three mountaintops together. This became one mountaintop and three lines, and over time turned into the character used nowadays. ④Sometimes to express ideas, some characters were made by putting two or more characters together. For example, “rest” was made up of the characters for a man and a tree. The character “prisoner” was formed with a “man” inside a square. Other characters were developed for directions and numbers. It is easy to distinguish (区别) their meanings by looking at them, for example, the characters for “up” and “down”, which are opposites of each other. ⑤Though these kinds of characters show meanings, one of their shortcomings is that they do not show how they should be pronounced (发音). Therefore, a way was developed to have one part of a character represent the meaning and the other suggest the pronunciation. Many Chinese characters used today were made this way. ⑥In the 1950s the Chinese government introduced simplified Chinese characters in the hope to make learning to read and write more understandable to a large number of people, which would increase literacy (读写能力) across the country. And now they have widespread use in China's mainland. 30．How did the writer introduce the Chinese characters? A．By giving examples B．By providing causes C．By expressing opinions D．By comparing (比较) facts 31．The sentence “Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects.” would best be placeed at the beginning of ________. A．Paragraph 5 B．Paragraph 4 C．Paragraph 3 D．Paragraph 2 32．What can we learn from the passage? A．Chinese characters have turned into standard forms, which are easier than before. B．Chinese characters we use today have been accepted by large numbers of people. C．Chinese characters existed at the very beginning and are still in use today like other ancient symbols. D．Chinese words and English words are both formed by putting alphabets and characters together. 33．What might be the best title for the passage? A．The difference between Chinese and Western language B．How to form Chinese characters C．The development of Chinese characters D．The history of the Chinese language （2024·江苏常州·二模）Many of us have this experience: a piece of music keeps playing in our heads when we are awake. It turns out this can happen during sleep as well. And it can cause problems in getting to sleep and staying asleep. “Our brains continue to process (处理) music even when none is playing, including while we are asleep,” said the neuroscientist (神经系统科学家) Michael Scullin. His research team interviewed 199 people and made a sleep test on 50 volunteers. They wanted to find out how listening to music, especially listening to earworms, before bedtime influenced our sleep. In the survey, people who listened to music during the day were more likely to report nighttime earworms. That then had a bad influence on their sleep quality through the night. For the lab test, volunteers were played several earworms and then their sleep quality was tested. Earworms were reported throughout the night. They needed longer time to fall asleep and woke up more times during the night. “We thought that people would have earworms at bedtime when they were trying to fall asleep, but we certainly didn’t know people would repeatedly wake up from sleep with an earworm,” says Michael. “But we saw that in both the interview and the test.” People used to believe that listening to music could help them have a better sleep, because it can relax the body. But Michael and his team suggested that it might be worse for our sleep—that even after the music stops, our brains continue to process it for several hours. Michael suggested avoiding listening to music right before bed to limit the chance of a song taking hold in our minds. “Doing some other activities, like making a list of jobs for the next day, might help clear the mind,” Michael said. 34．Michael and his team did the research to find out ________. A．how our brains process music B．why nighttime earworms happen C．the influence of bad sleep on our health D．the influence of earworms on our sleep 35．What was the new discovery about listening to earworms in the research? A．It would make people stay up late. B．It would make people unable to fall asleep. C．It would make people wake up more often at night. D．It would make people have earworms before bedtime. 36．Which of the following is correct according to the last two paragraphs? A．Listening to music before going to bed is good for health. B．The more we listen to music, the better sleep we may have. C．People can do some sports to relax the body before sleeping. D．Making a to-do list before bedtime can help clear our minds. 37．What’s the purpose of the passage? A．To help readers improve sleep quality. B．To tell readers about the recent research. C．To ask readers to stop listening to music. D．To explain to readers what earworms are. （2024·江苏常州·一模）If I had a cold, I wouldn’t think twice about telling my friends or my doctor. For some reason, however, mental (心理的) health is not treated in the same way. At my primary school, mental health was not discussed even once as far as I can remember. This makes me wonder how many other schools are failing to educate their students on this topic. It makes me sad that children growing up with mental illness may feel like it is something to be ashamed of (对……感到羞耻的) because it is never discussed. When I reached high school, mental health was still seldom discussed. But when it was in the topic of health or biology class, I was given a broad idea that mental illness was a “thing” that really lies. In my opinion, overstressed high school students could benefit (获益) greatly from more deep discussions about how to deal with mental health problems, such as how to know when you should care about yourself or a friend, or who to reach out for help. I know my friends and I could have (本可以) benefited. Even if you personally have never faced mental health problems, someone you know is sure to have, and you can offer timely help. I believe we need to normalize (使……正常化) discussions about mental health at an early age, rather than hiding them from sight. At school, I saw a student’s report on mental health education and how it can be carried out in the American school system. The student used the film Inside Out (头脑特工队) to explain feelings to younger kids. This report made me believe that it is possible to start these discussions at a young age if we try. Although we can’t change the way people think about mental health over one night, there are still things we can do. Asking our friends how they’re feeling is a good start. 38．What was mental health education like when the writer was in high school? A．It was dealt with in detail. B．It was paid no attention to. C．It was far from enough. D．It was considered important. 39．What can we infer (推断) from Paragraph 3? A．High school students are under increasing stress these days. B．There is an increased awareness of mental health problems. C．Many students are ashamed of having mental health problems. D．The writer might have had mental health problems in high school. 40．What did the writer learn from the student’s report? A．Kids who are healthy outside might be ill inside. B．Mental health discussions can be held with young kids. C．The American school system is open to mental health education. D．Watching educational films can help children with mental illness. 41．What is the best title for the text? A．Mental health matters! B．Is it okay if it’s not good? C．The earlier, the better! D．How to pay attention to mental health? （2024·江苏常州·二模）When it comes to understanding clouds, it helps to understand water first. The water we drink is liquid (液态的) water. Ice is solid water. Water also exists (存在) as a gas. It’s called water vapor (水蒸气). Water vapor is found in the air we breathe. When it’s warm and there is a lot of water vapor in the air, it can feel very sticky (闷热的) and swcaty. When the air cools, the water vapor in it turns into liquid water. Imagine your school playground on a warm day. The sun warms the surface of the playground. And the air above the playground is warmed up. Warm air weighs less than cooler air. So, a big bubble of warm air slowly rises from the school playground. The air is filled with water vapor. The higher we go in the atmosphere (大气层), the lower the temperature gets. As the bubble of air rises, it starts to cool down. Finally, high up in the sky, the bubble of air has cooled a lot. The water vapor in the air turns into tiny drops of liquid water. This is when a cloud forms. These drops are so small that they can be held up in the air by rising air currents (气流). Think about your bathroom. There is hot water in your bath. Water vapor goes up from the hot water. The water vapor makes small clouds in the bathroom. These warm clouds meet the cold walls and windows, and then we see small drops of water on the walls and windows. The world is like your bathroom. The water in the oceans is warm when the sun shines on it. Some of this water goes up into the sky and makes clouds. All the grey clouds you see have liquid water in them. However, some clouds are very high. It is terribly cold around them. These clouds also have ice in them, and they may look pure white. 42．The underlined word “this” in the fourth paragraph refers to (指代) the moment ________. A．that the bubble of air starts to cool down B．that the water vapor turns into tiny drops of liquid water C．that the bubble of air rises up in the sky D．that the drops are held up in the air by rising air currents 43．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Warm air can slowly rise from the ground because of the water vapor. B．Clouds look pure white because there is liquid water in them. C．You may feel very sticky and sweaty because of plenty of water vapor in the air. D．There are two kinds of water which exists in nature-liquid water and solid water. 44．Which part of a magazine may this passage be taken from? A．Health. B．Science. C．Culture. D．Society. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案： 1．D 2．D 3．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国古代茶道的步骤和礼仪。 1．细节理解题。根据“*Heat the tea set.”和“*Put tea leaves into the teapot.”可知，在放入茶叶之前需要加热茶具。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“If you are the guest, please:…*Take a small mouthful of tea soup every time instead of drinking it up at a time.”可知，客人应每次一小口地喝，不能一次喝完，即慢慢喝茶以求礼貌。故选D。 3．推理判断题。文章主要介绍了中国古代茶道的步骤和礼仪，属于文化范畴，故选B。 4．C 5．C 6．B 7．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国发布的世界上首个高清晰度月球地质图集及其重要性。 4． 推理判断题。根据“However, the lunar geologic atlas that was developed during the Apollo Program remained unchanged. ‘As lunar geologic studies develop, those old maps can no longer satisfy future needs,’”可知，旧的月球地质图集已经不能满足未来的需求，而新的图集将满足未来月球研究的需求。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。根据“Compared with the 1:5 million scale lunar maps from the US in 2020…impact craters (撞击坑) and 81 impact basins have also been marked”可知，第五段主要介绍了新地质图集的详细信息。故选C。 6．推理判断题。根据“Liu said the upcoming Chang’e-6 task would also use the atlas. ‘Our maps can help the research by providing scientific support,’”可知，作者通过使用嫦娥六号任务作为例子来证明“这个图集将有很多有用的用途”。故选B。 7．词句猜测题。根据“‘Compiling the atlas was a huge task… ‘It will be a starting point for every new question of lunar geology.’”可知，It指代的是“Compiling the atlas编制图集”。故选D。 8．C 9．B 10．A 11．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了研究表明，善良会产生意想不到的积极影响。 8．细节理解题。根据“both the performer and receiver had to rate (评分) how ‘big’ the act seemed”可知接受者都必须对善意行为的程度进行评分。故选C。 9．主旨大意题。根据“At first, we studied acts of the kindness done for familiar people...the kind act brought more happiness than the performers expected.”可知本段主要介绍了一些证明研究结果的更多证据。故选B。 10．推理判断题。根据“why not choose kindness when we can?”可知作者建议我们要选择善良，所以作者对于对别人友善的行为是支持的。故选A。 11．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了研究表明，善良会产生意想不到的积极影响。故选B。 12．D 13．A 14．A 15．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了美国国家航空航天局的工程师弗林为了解决宇航员在太空中生活而存在的一些问题，提出了把生活用品作为宇宙飞船的一部分。 12．词义猜测题。根据“The room inside the spaceship is too limited to hold many things. So packing a spaceship is a huge challenge for a trip to Mars.”可知，宇宙飞船里的空间太有限了，放不下很多东西，因此，把东西放进宇宙飞船对火星之旅来说是一个巨大的挑战。故此处划线部分packing a spaceship意为“把东西放进宇宙飞船里”。故选D。 13．细节理解题。根据“but the problem is that it’s too expensive”以及“But Flynn, an engineer at NASA, thinks he has a way of solving the problem.”可知，他的系统的好处是没有那么贵，即节省了费用。故选A。 14．细节理解题。根据“All these make hard walls and great radiation (辐射) protection.”可知，水墙概念的目的之一就是阻止巨大的辐射。故选A。 15．细节理解题。根据“The algae will live in bags in the walls too, fed by human waste and sunlight, eating up CO2 and making oxygen for the astronauts to breathe.”可知，藻类吸收二氧化碳，并为宇航员呼吸制造氧气。故选C。 16．C 17．A 18．D 19．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了作者从曾经反对电话打扰到如今习惯并享受与朋友的电话交流的转变，探讨了电话交流相较于文字信息交流的独特价值和情感连接，同时指出年轻一代对电话交流的回避态度以及这种回避可能带来的遗憾。 16．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I used to be part of the group of ‘no phone calls allowed’, but now I’m used to turning on my phone’s ring (响铃声).”以及“When it’s finally time to end these conversations, with a silly smile on my face, I’m ready to sleep.”可知，作者曾经反对电话打扰，但如今喜欢和朋友的电话交流。故选C。 17．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Oxytocin is responsible for (对……负责) that feeling of being close and connected to someone. And it also makes us feel better by reducing the levels of stress hormones (荷尔蒙) in our body.”可知，催产素负责产生与某人亲近和联系的感觉，还通过降低我们体内的应激激素水平使我们感觉更好。故选A。 18．推理判断题。根据第三段“But people born after 1988 seldom answer their phones. Growing up with mobile phones and messaging, they believe a phone call means less time to think about how to reply, more possibility of hurting another person, and of course more awkward (尴尬的) silence.”可知，1988年以后出生的人很少接电话，他们认为接电话意味着思考如何回复的时间更少，伤害他人的可能性更大，当然也意味着更尴尬的沉默，所以可推知，作者会同意现在的年轻人不喜欢接电话，所以D项正确。故选D。 19．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了作者从曾经反对电话打扰到如今习惯并享受与朋友的电话交流的转变，探讨了电话交流相较于文字信息交流的独特价值和情感连接，同时指出年轻一代对电话交流的回避态度以及这种回避可能带来的遗憾，所以D项正确。故选D。 20．C 21．B 22．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了非遗文化北京绢人的历史，何梅作为北京绢人的传承者，结合科技推广传统艺术。 20．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Beijing silk figurines have a history of more than 1, 000 years, dating all the way to the Tang Dynasty.”可知，北京绢人的历史可以追溯到唐朝。故选C。 21．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Traditional Chinese culture is the main source (来源) of the inspiration (灵感) for their designs.”可知，中国传统文化是他们设计灵感的主要来源。故选B。 22．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Besides, He’s company has even worked with robot companies to power their figurines with technology.”可知，何梅的公司也和其他的公司合作。故选D。 23．B 24．B 25．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了京剧的起源、历史、基本表演方式和近几年的发展。 23．细节理解题。根据“Appearing in the late 18th century, Beijing Opera has a history of more than 200 years in which its fountainhead ( 根源 ) can be dated back to some old local operas, especially Anhui Opera.”可知，京剧出现在18世纪晚期，也就是清朝。故选B。 24．推理判断题。根据“Sheng and Dan refer to the main male and all female roles. The painted face, in Chinese called ‘Jing’, is a name for the male role that has some special characteristic or appearance.”可知，“生”和“净”都是男性角色，由此推知，20岁的女孩不能扮演“生”和“净”。故选B。 25．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了京剧的起源、历史、基本表演方式和近几年的发展。因此，把这篇文章放在“艺术和文化”这个部分是最好的选择。故选B。 26．A 27．D 28．D 29．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国人工智能产业的发展。 26．推理判断题。根据“Wearing a pink hairpin, white T-shirt and pink shorts, a ‘girl’ who looks three or four years old has caught much attention at the exhibition of the 2024 Zhongguancun Forum (论坛) in Beijing.”可知，作者通过给出一个例子来开始文章，故选A。 27．推理判断题。根据“After being programmed to keep things tidy, Tong Tong independently got a towel to mop up spilled milk when she noticed it on the table — the behavior came from her own decision made based on a guide of value, instead of a pre-set (预先设置的) program.”在被设定了保持整洁的程序后，当童童发现桌上有洒出来的牛奶时，她自己拿了一条毛巾来擦去——这种行为是她自己的决定，基于价值导向，而不是预先设定的程序。由此可知，在“童童”之前，有些机器人是按照预设的程序做事的。故选D。 28．细节理解题。根据“In the medical field, surgical robots with AI systems can help with operations, which leads to reducing pain after operations and cutting hospital stays short”可知，在手术机器人的帮助下，病人在医院的时间可能会减少。故选D。 29．最佳标题题。根据全文可知，本文主要介绍了中国人工智能产业的发展，所以D选项最形象，故选D。 30．A 31．B 32．B 33．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了汉字的发展历史。 30．细节理解题。根据文章最上方的文字以及“For example, ‘rest’ was made up of the characters for a man and a tree. The character ‘prisoner’ was formed with a ‘man’ inside a square.”可知作者通过举例来介绍汉字。故选A。 31．推理判断题。第二段讲述了汉字是从物体的图画发展来的，第三段介绍了汉字已经从图画发展到标准形式。所以Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects.“并不是所有的汉字都是从物体的图画发展而来的”适合放在第四段，承接第三段，引出第四段的内容。故选B。 32．细节理解题。根据“In the 1950s the Chinese government introduced simplified Chinese characters in the hope to make learning to read and write more understandable to the general population, which would increase literacy (读写能力) across the country. And now they have widespread use in China’s mainland.”可知我们今天使用的汉字已经被很多人所接受。故选B。 33．最佳标题题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了汉字的发展历史。故选C。 34．D 35．C 36．D 37．A 【导语】本文告诉我们睡前听洗脑音乐实际上对睡眠不好。 34．细节理解题。根据“They wanted to find out how listening to music, especially listening to earworms, before bedtime influenced our sleep.”可知他们进行了这项研究，以找出洗脑音乐对我们睡眠的影响。故选D。 35． 细节理解题。根据“They needed longer time to fall asleep and wok e up more times during the night.”可知睡前听洗脑音乐的人需要更长的时间才能入睡，晚上醒来的次数也更多，即它会让人们在晚上更频繁地醒来，故选C。 36．细节推理题。根据“Doing some other activities, like making a list of jobs for the next day, might help clear the mind”可知睡前列出待办事项清单可以帮助我们理清思路，故选D。 37．细节理解题。通读全文可知，文章告诉我们睡前听洗脑音乐实际上对睡眠不好。所以目的是为了让读者知道这个事实从而改善我们的睡眠，故选A。 38．C 39．D 40．B 41．A 【导语】本文讲了心理健康问题不像感冒那样被重视，学校教育中也很少讨论。作者认为，公开讨论心理健康问题很重要，尤其是对压力大的高中生。 38．推理判断题。根据“When I reached high school, mental health was still seldom discussed.”可知，当作者上高中时，心理健康仍然很少被讨论。故选C。 39．推理判断题。根据“I know my friends and I could have (本可以) benefited.”可知，作者在高中也有心理健康问题，故选D。 40．细节理解题。根据“This report made me believe that it is possible to start these discussions at a young age if we try.”可知，这份报告让作者相信，如果我们尝试，在年轻的时候就开始这些讨论是可能的。故选B。 41．最佳标题题。本文讲了心理健康问题不像感冒那样被重视，学校教育中也很少讨论。作者认为，公开讨论心理健康问题很重要，尤其是对压力大的高中生。A选项“心理健康很重要！”符合，故选A。 42．B 43．C 44．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，科普了水蒸气的科学知识。 42．细节理解题。根据“The water vapor in the air turns into tiny drops of liquid water.”可知，此处指空气中的水蒸气变成了微小的液态水滴。故选B。 43．细节理解题。根据“When it’s warm and there is a lot of water vapor in the air, it can feel very sticky and swcaty.”可知，当天气暖和，空气中有很多水蒸气时，它会感觉很闷热和出汗。故选C。 44．推理判断题。通读全文，本文科普了水蒸气的科学知识。可推测，这篇文章有可能摘自杂志的科学部分。故选B。 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$