2025年高考英语第一次模拟考试（上海卷）-2025年高考英语第一次模拟考试

绝密★考试结束前 2025年高考第一次模拟考试（上海卷） 英语 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：115分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Why We Should Record Travel Moments On a rainy summer day, I took a train to Switzerland and trekked through the mud to a medieval fortress high atop a cliff. After twisting through its dimly lit corridors, I finally 1 (arrive) at the main viewpoint of Cave of the Fairies: a plunging 77m waterfall that shoots from underground into a sparkling pool. As the waterfall wet my jacket, I closed my eyes and took out my phone 2 (record) the rush of dreamy reality before me. I had come in search of a sound, not a sight. Throughout my travels, I’ve found myself 3 (collect) sound recordings the way other people collect souvenirs. Just as some travellers take photos of landscapes or their food, I started doing this as an artistic way to help me remember some of the most interesting details of my trips. Environmental scientist Lauren Kuehne said, “I think that once you start to listen, once you actually start to listen, you start to appreciate how much 4 (big) the world is.” This attitude 5 (echo) by Samara Kester, a retired emergency medicine physician who now serves on QPI’s board. “A photograph is two dimensions. 6 you are looking at something you’re seeing, it’s maybe 180 degrees, maybe 270 degrees. Sound is 360 degrees. You hear it all around you.” Kester explained 7 teaching herself to be a better listener has not only expanded her sense of travel, but helped her relive her travels once she’s back home. “You immerse 8 in that place again. You recreate those memories and therefore recreate the feelings you had, 9 are very hard to express clearly. You can re-experience that and that will send you to where you were before.” Months later back in my L.A．home, I find myself popping on my headphones and listening back to the rush of falling water inside Cave of the Fairies. When I close my eyes, I 10 feel the spray of water against my skin, the sense of letting my ears lead me on a faraway adventure. Mentally, I’m right back there — if only for a moment. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.  Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．backfire B．compensate      C． extend  D．impressive    E. meaningful F. measure G. needle  H. overall  I. perceive J. punishment  K. typically Why You Shouldn’t Exercise to Lose Weight Many of us are lacing up our sneakers and starting (or restarting) exercise regimens (练身计划) in hopes of shedding unwanted pounds. Unquestionably, aiming to be more active is good. But if the main reason is to lose weight, your New Year’s resolution could very well 11 . For starters, exercise — at least the kind most of us do — is 12 ineffective for weight loss. Take walking, for example. A 150-pound person who walks briskly for 30 minutes will burn, on average, around 140 calories. That’s equal to one can of soda — not exactly a great return on your investment of time and effort. It’s much easier just to skip the soda. Studies 13 show that doing moderate-intensity aerobic exercise such as walking for 30 minutes a day, five days a week — the amount recommended for good health — typically produces little or no weight loss by itself. When moderate exercise is added to diet, the results are equally not 14 . Pooling data from six trials, researchers found that a combination of diet and exercise generated no greater weight loss than diet alone after six months. In studies where exercise has produced 15 weight loss, participants burned at least 400 to 500 calories per session on five or more days a week. To achieve that, sessions need to go well beyond what most of us are willing or able to do. And even if we manage to exert that much effort, our bodies often 16 by boosting appetite and dialing down metabolism, effects that over time limit how many pounds we shed. Perhaps the biggest problem with exercising to drop pounds is that it turns physical activity into 17 . How many times have you heard someone say (or said yourself) “I’ll need to do extra exercise” after eating too much during the holidays or at a celebratory dinner? The point is that we’re more likely to 18 exercise positively and actually do it when we focus on our well-being rather than our weight. The incentive may be an improved mood or less stress. Others may find that exercise makes them feel physically and mentally stronger. Of course, the benefits of physical activity 19 well beyond these. It’s been shown to reduce the risk of multiple diseases. It can also improve sleep and boost energy. By all means, striving to exercise regularly in the new year is perhaps the most important thing you can do for your health. But to improve the odds of success, focus on how movement helps you feel better physically and emotionally — and forget about how it moves the 20 on the scale. II. Reading Comprehension (21 – 35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. In Favour of Simple Writing Do you edit text messages carefully before sending them? If so, you may be the kind of person who takes pride in 21 even the simplest message. If you do not, you may see yourself as a go-getter, one who values excitement and speed over 22 : get it done decently now rather than perfectly later. People are constantly receiving messages, from the mailbox to the inbox to the text-message alert. What to read, what to skim (略读) and what to ignore are decisions that nearly everyone has to make dozens of times a day. A new book titled All Readers are Busy Nowadays makes the argument for being the careful kind of 23 , even in informal lines. The authors also present well-established 24 that have long been prized in guides to writing. Take “less is more”. Most books on writing well advocate the advice to 25 needless words. The authors, however, have 26 the idea. In an email to thousands of school-board members asking them to take a survey, cutting the count from127 to 49 words almost 27 the response rate. Keeping messages to a 28 idea—or as few as absolutely needed—helps ensure that they will be read, remembered and acted on. 29 the number of the available options has the same effect, too. A link in an email, 30 , attracted 50% more clicks when presented alone than when it was sent alongside a second additional link. Syntax (句法) and 31 matter, too. It is more 32 to adopt short and active sentences, with common words familiar to everyone. From Facebook posts to online-travel reviews, even brief, informal pieces of writing that follow these rules get more likes and shares. If everyone is a busy reader, everyone is a busy writer, too. That may make it tempting to sent as many messages as 33 as possible and hope for the best. But from essays to text messages organizing dinner plans, devoting time to the needs of readers has provable 34 . If you are so busy that you write an undisciplined message which readers scan, ignore and delete, then you might as well have not 35 it at all. 21．A．conveying B．understanding C．crafting D．sending 22．A．care B．quantity C．simplicity D．technology 23．A．reader B．poster C．learner D．writer 24．A．structures B．principles C．aims D．alternatives 25．A．remove B．ignore C．reconsider D．interpret 26．A．conveyed B．translated C．tested D．shaped 27．A．lowered B．affected C．doubled D．maintained 28．A．basic B．positive C．definite D．single 29．A．Recording B．Reducing C．Counting D．Estimating 30．A．in comparison B．after all C．for instance D．in particular 31．A．word-choice B．pattern-design C．target-setting D．platform-selection 32．A．difficult B．suitable C．challenging D．common 33．A．carefully B．often C．politely D．quickly 34．A．outcomes B．points C．figures D．benefits 35．A．received B．written C．read D．answered Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A Growing up in the 80s as a child with lots of siblings, I played in the street until dark or until we were called for dinner. We had an amazing community of neighbours. However, one elderly neighbour hated us. Every time the football went into her garden, she would confiscate it — and then pop the ball. When she collected over 20 deflated footballs, she would take them down to the police station and complain. To her, at least, free and active children were a pest and a disgrace. Actually, at that time, nothing but one stopped us playing: the shattering of a window and the scream of a parent coming outside to tell us off. On reflection, I was probably part of the last generation of children to play outside regularly. Now in London, the estate I live in is covered with historic signs saying: “No ball games”. The signs function as a play ban for children. Even during the summer, there are only a couple of rebels who dare to play football on the street. They get my nod and a kick of the ball back when it comes in my direction. The problem is, many people don’t know that these signs are not enforceable by law: they are simply a request from local housing associations. Of course, if people are kicking the ball against someone’s house or out on the streets making noise late at night, it would be considered criminal damage and antisocial behaviour — and quite right. But most of the time the signs are just preventing children from playing. The London Sport charity has recommended that these signs are removed. I agree - let’s burn them all. But I do think it is simplistic to imagine banning the signs will combat a national obesity epidemic. The Active Lives Survey shows that just 47% of children in England are getting the recommended 60 minutes or more of sport and physical activity a day. Removing “No ball games” signs doesn’t mean that the other 53% of children will feel motivated to venture outside and play. The Active Lives Survey also suggests that boys are more likely to be active than girls. Perhaps boys are still given more activity opportunities. The Lionesses (英格兰女足) win at the Euros football tournament highlighted the lack of opportunities for girls in football and inequitable sports curriculums in schools. Children and young people of black, Asian and other minority ethnicities are least likely to be active. Perhaps because racism in sport is alive and kicking? In addition, access to sport and physical activity is a social justice issue that depends on location and financial circumstances. For a child from an economically disadvantaged background, who lives in a high-rise flat with little green space around, the costs and practicalities of participating in sport are prohibitive. For example, a weekend tennis court costs anywhere between £10 and £27, without travel or equipment. So, while we can burn all the “No ball games” signs in the country, the real barrier to combating low activity levels in children is social inequality. What really needs to happen to get our children moving? 36．What does the underlined word “confiscate” in Paragraph 1 mean in the context? A．Collect something as a hobby B．Take something away as a punishment C．Destroy something due to being annoyed D．Remove and make something disappear 37．Why does the author believe that removing “No ball games” signs may not effectively combat low activity levels in children? A．Because children prefer indoor activities. B．Because boys are more active than girls. C．Because access to physical activity is influenced by social inequality. D．Because of the lack of interest in sports among children. 38．What conclusion does the author draw regarding the relationship between “No ball games” signs and low activity levels in children? A．Removing the signs will directly address the issue of low activity levels. B．Social inequality is the primary barrier to increasing children’s activity levels. C．Boys are more likely to play sports than girls due to cultural biases. D．Racism in sports is a significant factor in preventing children from being active. 39．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The author reminisces about their childhood and the changes in outdoor play. B．The ineffectiveness of “No ball games” signs in encouraging physical activity among children. C．The impact of social inequality on children’s access to physical activity. D．The author’s support for removing “No ball games” signs but recognition of deeper issues. B Fellowships for Postdoctoral ScholarsAT WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION Scholarships designed to extend the education and training of the applicants and to advance their research careers are available to new or recent doctoral graduates in diverse areas of research. Applications will be accepted from doctoral recipients with research interests associated with the following Departments: ·APPLIED OCEAN PHYSICS & ENGINEERING ·MARINE CHEMISTRY AND GEOCHEMISTRY ·PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY ·GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS ·BIOLOGY Interdepartmental research, including with the Marine Policy Center, is also encouraged. Applications will also be accepted from those with research interests on the following: ·USGS/WHOI-  areas of common interest between USGS and WHOI Scientific Staff. The individual will interact with both USGS and WHOI based advisors on their research. Criteria for awards include demonstrated research independence, productivity and novelty, and community service including contributions to making ocean sciences and engineering more diverse and welcoming. Scholarships are awarded for 18-month appointments（$68,500 annually, plus a health and welfare allowance; a travel allowance; and a research budget）. Recipients are encouraged to pursue their own research interest supervised by resident staff. Communication with potential WHOI advisors prior to submitting an application is encouraged. COMPLETED APPLICATIONS MUST BE RECEIVED BY OCTOBER 15, 2023, to start any time after January 1, 2024 and before December 1, 2024. Awards will be announced in December. Further information about the Scholarships and application forms as well as links to the individual Departments and their research themes may be obtained at: https://go.whoi.edu/pdscholarship A goal of the Postdoctoral Scholar Program is the long-term broadening of participation in ocean science and engineering: women, minorities, veterans, those with disabilities, and other underrepresented groups are encouraged to apply. WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION 40．What can be learned about the Postdoctoral Scholar Program? A．Women applicants are more likely to be considered than men applicants. B．Applicants whose research is independent and original will be given priority. C．All applicants must agree to work with the Marine Policy Center. D．Applicants without a degree in engineering will be rejected. 41．The earliest time for the scholarship recipient to start the research work is _________. A．October 15, 2023 B．January 1, 2024 C．December 1, 2024 D．December 12, 2023 42．The scholarship recipient will be able to ________. A．get a health and welfare allowance of $70,000 a year B．use the database at http://go.whoi.edu/pdscholarship C．appoint any WHOI advisor as his/her research partner D．do research under the guidance of resident staff at WHOI C With its bright colors, easy-to-learn rules and familiar music, the video game Tetris has endured as a pop culture symbol over the past 40 years. Many people, like me, have been playing the game for decades, and it has been updated to adapt to new technologies like game systems, phones and tablets. However, Tetris is much more than winning. The game, in which players must control blocks of different shapes as they slide down a screen, is based on a fundamental element of geometry, called dynamic spatial reasoning (动态空间推理). It is taught by mathematics educators and used by architects, engineers, animators, and many others. Players employ these geometric skills to progress in Tetris, so playing it both tests and improves a player’s dynamic spatial reasoning. Spatial reasoning is the ability to visualize geometric figures and how they will move in space. So, dynamic spatial reasoning is the ability to visualize actively moving figures. The Tetris player must quickly decide where the falling game piece will best fit and then move it there. This movement involves both translation — moving a shape right and left, and rotation — turning its shape by 90 degrees at a time. Spatial visualization is a key element of a mathematics discipline called transformation al geometry, which is usually first taught in middle school. In a typical transformational geometry exercise, students might be asked to represent a figure by its x and y coordinates (坐标) on a coordinate graph and then identify the transformations, such as translation and rotations, necessary to move it from one position to another while keeping the piece the same shape and size. While it may seem simple, transformation al geometry is the foundation for several advanced topics in mathematics. Architects and engineers both use transformations to draw up blueprints, which represent the real world in scale drawings. Animators use concepts of transformations as well. While animators today use computer programs that automatically move figures around, they are all based on this kind of transformation. 43．Which is NOT a key reason for Tetris’s lasting popularity? A．Its pleasure of winning the game. B．Its bright colors and catchy music. C．Its link to complex math and geometry. D．Its simple rules and tech adaptability. 44．According to the passage, what fundamental skill does playing Tetris help improve? A．Logical reasoning. B．Mathematical calculation. C．Memory maintaining. D．Spatial visualization. 45．Move the sample block on the right using both translation and rotation. Which image below can we get? A．(a) B．(b) C．(c) D．(d) 46．Which of the following statements does the author most probably agree with? A．Tetris is a particularly useful tool for animation and architecture designs. B．Spatial visualization is based on the constant change of a figure’s position. C．Transformation algeometry behind Tetris can be applied to various fields. D．Spatial reasoning is too difficult for middle school students to master. Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Rain Collection What do you like to do on a rainy day — sit inside and listen to the pitter-patter on the roof or splash outside and feel the cold drops on your face? Whatever you choose, rain is vitally essential in the nature. 47 . It fills rivers and lakes, slowly sinks into the earth, nourishes our plants, and keeps the land alive and beautiful. In the past, people obtained their water from rain, wells, or nearby rivers. Now, many of us live in places where water is piped in, sometimes from far away. Removing so much water from nature and sending it to great distances harm the living things that also need that water. As climate change heats up the planet and causes extreme weather, more places face water shortages. 48 . One easy place to look for more water is the sky! Humans have collected rain since ancient times. 49 . They are tapping into this clean and rich source of water provided by nature. By harvesting the rain we can reduce the amount of water we take from rivers and out of the ground. Even in dry climates, there is a lot of potential rainwater that can be effectively harvested and utilized. This rich yet often overlooked resource has the potential to significantly contribute to water conservation efforts, especially in regions facing water shortages. Just one inch of rain falling on a medium-sized house produces over 600 gallons of water. 50 . Nowadays, rainwater is still used as a primary supply in many places in the world, like Vietnam and Hawaii. In places with piped-in water, rainwater is not commonly used, but this is changing. Rainwater harvesting is getting more popular since it’s easy to do and helps create water security. A．Large roofs can, hence, collect greater amount of water. B．Rainwater can also be used for fountains and ponds. C．We all deeply depend on the nourishment of rain. D．To secure future water supply, we need new sources. E．Now, many people are returning to this practice. F．Rainwater is clean but it gets dirty from the roof. III. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions:  Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Less Snowy Winters Winter might mean snowball fights in many places. But this might not be the case for much longer. While many people around the world are currently experiencing heavy snowfall, Earth is getting less snowy — a trend that isn’t temporary. That’s because the planet is heating up and winter is warming faster than any other season in America. The water falling to earth in winter is more commonly falling as raindrops than snow. With water falling as rain instead of snow, and then freezing, some animals may struggle to feed on grass on frozen ground. Species with white coats could be at higher risk of being eaten as food, while polar bears may have fewer options to build their snowy habitations. Not every species can adapt or move to snowier climates, which may cause the extinction of some animals. As air temperatures warm, trees release water into the atmosphere through a process called evapotranspiration, loss of water from the soil. When there hasn’t been much snow, the soil can’t replace lost moisture, and forests experience more heat stress, making severe wildfires more likely. “When a fire does spark, it runs away as fast as possible and burns as much area as it can,” says Andrew Schwartz, lead scientist at UC Berkeley’s Central Sierra Snow Laboratory. For humans, less snowfall is “problematic because snow supplies so much of our water,” says Schwartz. About 1.9 billion people rely on snowpacks and big mass of ice for drinking water. Snow on the mountains acts like a natural lake used to store water. As it slowly melts into streams, snow supplies water through spring and summer, while rain flows immediately downstream and can be wasted. “It becomes more difficult to manage our water when we have these wild swings from year to year,” says Schwartz. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．冷静，别让焦虑影响你的表现。（or）（汉译英） 53．他忘了往锅里倒油，鸡蛋粘在了锅底。（forget）（汉译英） 54．农村地区正在逐步过渡到使用节能型电动汽车，其创新设计颇受年轻消费者的青睐。（transition）（汉译英） 55．作为首个致力于城市规划和建设成果的展览中心，它追朔了这座城市从早期到21世纪的惊人演变。（dedicate）（汉译英） V. Guided Writing （25分） 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 最近上海的某些餐馆和面包房采取了一项新的举措：在微信小程序上以盲盒的形式降价销售当天卖剩的食物，购买者能在小程序上看到商家信息、价格和取货时间。英语报“YOUR VOICE”专栏欢迎读者来信，就这一做法展开讨论。假定你是高三学生李华，请给专栏编辑写信，表达看法，说明理由。 (食物盲盒: mystery boxes of randomly packed leftover foods ) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案： 1．arrived 2．to record 3．collecting 4．bigger 5．was echoed 6．When/While 7．how 8．yourself 9．which 10．can 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者喜欢在旅行中记录声音的原因。 1．考查时态。句意：在穿过昏暗的走廊后，我终于到达了仙女洞的主要景点：一个77米高的瀑布从地下射入波光粼粼的池塘。根据上下文时态可知，这里陈述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填arrived。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：瀑布淋湿了我的夹克，我闭上眼睛，拿出手机记录下眼前的梦幻现实。分析句子结构并结合句意，这里应用不定式，作目的状语。故填to record。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：在我的旅行中，我发现自己像其他人收集纪念品一样收集录音。find sb. doing sth.意为“发现某人在做某事”，现在分词作宾补。故填collecting。 4．考查形容词比较级。句意：我认为，一旦你开始倾听，你就会开始意识到世界大得多。根据空前的much可知，这里表示世界大得多，应用big的比较级bigger。故填bigger。 5．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这种态度得到了Samara Kester的回应，她是一名退休的急诊医生，现在在QPI董事会任职。根据句意可知，这里陈述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。主语This attitude和echo(附和)之间是动宾关系，所以应用被动语态，且主语为单数，谓语be动词应用was。故填was echoed。 6．考查状语从句。句意：当你看着你看到的东西时，它可能是180度，可能是270度。分析句子结构，空处引导的是时间状语从句。根据从句中的looking at可知，这里表示延续性的动作，应用when或while引导。置于句首，首字母大写。故填When/While。 7．考查宾语从句。句意：Kester解释说，教会自己成为一个更好的倾听者不仅扩大了她的旅行感，而且帮助她在回家后重新体验旅行。分析句子结构，空处引导一个表语从句，且从句中主谓宾结构完整，这里表示方式，应用how。故填how。 8．考查代词。句意：你再次沉浸在那个地方。根据句意，主语You和宾语指代的事同一人，所以宾语应用反身代词yourself。immerse oneself in意为“使某人自己沉浸在……中”。故填yourself。 9．考查定语从句。句意：你重新创造了那些记忆，因此也重新创造了你的感觉，这些感觉很难清楚地表达出来。分析句子结构，空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为the feelings，指物，且空处在从句中作主语，所以应用which引导。故填which。 10．考查情态动词。句意：当我闭上眼睛时，我能感觉到水喷在我的皮肤上，那种让耳朵带我去遥远冒险的感觉。空处应填情态动词。根据句意，这里表示能感觉到，再根据从句中的close可知，这里表示现在的状态，应用can。故填can。 11．A 12．K 13．H 14．D 15．E 16．B 17．J 18．I 19．C 20．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为什么不应该通过运动来减肥的几个原因。 11．考查动词。句意：但如果主要是为了减肥，你的新年决心很可能适得其反。分析句子可知，空前为情态动词could，此处应为动词作句子的谓语成分，同时被副词well所修饰，backfire“适得其反”为动词，符合句意。故选A项。 12．考查副词。句意：首先，运动——至少是我们大多数人做的那种——对减肥通常是无效的。分析句子可知，此处为副词作状语修饰形容词ineffective，typically“通常”为副词，符合句意。故选K项。 13．考查副词。句意：总的来说，研究表明，做中等强度的有氧运动，比如每天步行30分钟，每周五天——这是保持身体健康的推荐量——通常只会产生很少或根本没有减肥效果。分析句子可知，此处为副词作状语修饰动词show，overall“总的来说”为副词，符合句意。故选H项。 14．考查形容词。句意：当适度的运动加入到饮食中，结果同样不令人印象深刻。分析句子可知，空前为are系动词，此处应为形容词作表语，impressive“令人印象深刻的”为形容词，符合句意。故选D项。 15．考查形容词。句意：在一些研究中，锻炼产生了显著的减肥效果，参与者每周坚持五天或更长时间，每次锻炼至少燃烧400到500卡路里。分析句子可知，空后weight loss为名词短语，此处应为形容词作定语修饰该名词短语，meaningful“有意义的”为形容词，符合句意。故选E项。 16．考查动词。句意：即使我们付出了那么多的努力，我们的身体也会通过增加食欲和降低新陈代谢来进行补偿，随着时间的推移，这些影响会限制我们减掉的体重。分析句子可知，空格处应为动词作句子的谓语成分，compensate“补偿”为动词，符合句意。故选B项。 17．考查名词。句意：也许通过锻炼来减肥的最大问题是，它把体育锻炼变成了一种惩罚。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语turn sth into sth“把……变成……”，所以此处为名词形式，punishment“惩罚”为名词，符合句意。故选J项。 18．考查动词。句意：关键是，当我们关注自己的健康而不是体重时，我们更有可能积极地看待运动，并真正去做。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语be likely to do，所以此处为动词形式，perceive“看待”为动词，符合句意。故选I项。 19．考查动词。句意：当然，体育锻炼的好处远远不止这些。分析句子可知，此处为动词作句子的谓语成分，extend“扩展，伸出”为动词，符合句意。故选C项。 20．考查名词。句意：但是为了提高成功的几率，把注意力集中在运动如何帮助你在身体和情感上感觉更好，而忘记它是如何在体重秤上移动指针的。分析句子可知，空前为定冠词the，此处应为名词形式，needle“指针”为名词，符合句意。故选G项。 21．C 22．A 23．D 24．B 25．A 26．C 27．C 28．D 29．B 30．C 31．A 32．B 33．D 34．D 35．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍人们不断地收到信息，从邮箱到收件箱再到短信提醒。读什么，略读什么，忽略什么是几乎每个人每天都要做的决定，并介绍All Readers are Busy这本书中告诉了我们如何高效的撰写信息。 21．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：如果是这样的话，你可能是那种以制作最简单的信息而自豪的人。A. conveying传送；B. understanding理解；C. crafting精心制作；D. sending发送。根据上文“Do you edit text messages carefully before sending them?”可知如果你是认真编辑短信的人，即使是最简单的信息，应该也会精心制作，故选C。 22．考查名词词义辨析。 句意：如果你不是这样的话，你可能会认为自己是一个积极进取的人，一个重视刺激和速度而不是关心的人：现在就把事情做好，而不是以后再完美地完成。A. care关心；B. quantity数量；C. simplicity简单；D. technology技术。根据上文“If you do not, you may see yourself as a go-getter”可知这里指你发信息的时候更注重速度而不是关心，故选A。 23．考查名词词义辨析。 句意：一本名为《当今所有的读者都很忙》的新书提出，即使在非正式的行文中，也要做谨慎的撰写者。A. reader读者；B. poster海报；C. learner学习者；D. writer撰写者，作者。根据下文“even in informal lines”可知非正式的行文，所以应该是撰写者，作者，故选D。 24．考查名词词义辨析。 句意：作者还提出了长期以来在写作指南中备受推崇的成熟原则。A. structures结构；B. principles原则；C. aims目的；D. alternatives可供选择的事务。根据下文“in guides to writing”可知在写作指南中应该提出的是写作的原则，规则，故选B。 25．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：大多数关于写作的书都提倡去掉不必要的单词。A. remove去掉；B. ignore忽视；C. reconsider重新考虑；D. interpret口译。根据下文“needless words”可知，要去掉不必要的单词，故选A。 26．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：然而，作者已经验证了这个想法。A. conveyed传输；B. translated翻译；C. tested测试；D. shaped塑造。根据下文“In an email to thousands of school-board members asking them to take a survey, cutting the count from127 to 49 words”可知是对于去掉不必要的单词这一想法已经验证了，故选C。 27．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：在一封发给数千名学校董事会成员的电子邮件中，他们要求他们进行一项调查，将字数从127个字减少到49个字，几乎使回复率翻了一番。A. lowered降低；B. affected影响；C. doubled加倍；D. maintained维持。根据上文“The authors, however, have 　　6　　 the idea.”可知这个想法得到了验证，所以应该是回复率翻了一倍，故选C。 28．考查形容词词义辨析。 句意：将信息集中在一个想法上——或者在绝对需要的时候尽量少一些——有助于确保它们被阅读、记住并采取行动。A. basic基本的；B. positive积极的；C. definite明确的；D. single单一的。根据上文“Take “less is more”.”和下文“helps ensure that they will be read, remembered and acted on.”可推知是要把信息集中在一个想法上或者尽量少些，故选D。 29．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：减少可用选项的数量也有同样的效果。A. Recording记录；B. Reducing减少；C. Counting数数；D. Estimating估计。根据上文“Keeping messages to a 　　8　　 idea—or as few as absolutely needed—helps ensure that they will be read, remembered and acted on.”可推测这里要想有同样的效果，也应该是减少，故选B。 30．考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，电子邮件中的链接单独呈现时，比与第二个附加链接一起发送时吸引的点击量多50%。A. in comparison相比之下；B. after all毕竟；C. for instance例如；D. in particular尤其。根据上文“　　9　　 the number of the available options has the same effect, too.”可知本句是举例说明上文的这个观点，故选C。 31．考查复合词语辨析。句意：语法和用词也很重要。A. word-choice选词；B. pattern-design模版设计；C. target-setting设定目标；D. platform-selection平台选择。根据上文“Syntax (句法)”以及本文主要说的是编辑短信，所以应该是选词，故选A。 32．考查形容词词义辨析。 句意：更适合采用短小主动的句子，用大家都熟悉的常用词。A. difficult困难的；B. suitable适合的；C. challenging有挑战性的；D. common普通的。根据下文“to adopt short and active sentences, with common words familiar to everyone”和常识可知编辑信息更适合短小主动的句子，用大家都熟悉的常用词，故选B。 33．考查副词词义辨析。 句意：这可能会促使人们在最短时间内发送尽可能多的信息，并抱着最好的希望。A. carefully仔细地；B. often经常；C. politely有礼貌地；D. quickly迅速地。根据上文“If everyone is a busy reader, everyone is a busy writer, too.”可知人们如果是繁忙的读者，也就是繁忙的撰写者，那他发短信当然是越快越好，故选D。 34．考查名词词义辨析。 句意：但从论文到安排晚餐计划的短信，花时间满足读者的需求是有好处的。A. outcomes结果；B. points要点；C. figures数字；D. benefits好处。根据下文“If you are so busy that you write an undisciplined message which readers scan, ignore and delete”可知花时间编辑短信来满足读者的需求，应该有好处，否则那种杂乱无章的信息就很容易被删除，故选D。 35．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：如果你太忙了，以至于你写了一条杂乱无章的信息，读者会浏览、忽略和删除，那么你还不如根本不写它。A. received收到；B. written写；C. read读；D. answered回答。根据上文“If you are so busy that you write an undisciplined message which readers scan, ignore and delete”可知如果太忙编辑一些杂乱无章的信息，就很容易被忽略或者删除，所以还不如不编辑，不写，故选B。 36．B 37．C 38．B 39．C 【解析】36．词句猜测题。根据第一段“When she collected over 20 deflated footballs, she would take them down to the police station and complain.”（ 当她收集了20多个瘪气的足球时，她会把它们带到警察局抱怨。）可知，每次足球进入她的花园，她都会没收足球。所以划线词的意思是“拿走某物作为惩罚”。故选B项。 37．细节理解题。根据最后一段“So, while we can burn all the “No ball games” signs in the country, the real barrier to combating low activity levels in children is social inequality.”（ 所以，虽然我们可以烧掉全国所有的“禁止球类运动”的标志，但对抗儿童低运动水平的真正障碍是社会不平等。）可知，作者认为移除“禁止球类运动”的标志可能不能有效地对抗儿童的低活动量是因为获得体育活动受到社会不平等的影响。故选C项。 38．细节理解题。根据最后一段“So, while we can burn all the “No ball games” signs in the country, the real barrier to combating low activity levels in children is social inequality.”（ 所以，虽然我们可以烧掉全国所有的“禁止球类运动”的标志，但对抗儿童低运动水平的真正障碍是社会不平等。）可知，关于“禁止球类运动”标志与儿童低活动量之间的关系，作者得出的结论是社会不平等是增加儿童活动水平的主要障碍。故选B项。 39．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“So, while we can burn all the “No ball games” signs in the country, the real barrier to combating low activity levels in children is social inequality.”（ 所以，虽然我们可以烧掉全国所有的“禁止球类运动”的标志，但对抗儿童低运动水平的真正障碍是社会不平等。）可知，短文主要是关于社会不平等对儿童获得体育活动的影响。故选C项。 40．B 41．B 42．D 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了美国的伍兹霍尔海洋研究所博士后奖学金计划，主要包括宗旨、研究兴趣的要求、评奖标准、奖学金、申请时间等信息。 40．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Criteria for awards include demonstrated research independence, productivity and novelty, and community service including contributions to making ocean sciences and engineering more diverse and welcoming. (奖项的标准包括研究的独立性、生产率和新颖性，以及包括对海洋科学和工程更加多样化和受欢迎的贡献在内的社区服务。)”可知，进行独立、新颖研究的申请者会被优先考虑。故选B项。 41．细节理解题。根据第三段中“COMPLETED APPLICATIONS MUST BE RECEIVED BY OCTOBER 15, 2023, to start any time after January 1, 2024 and before December 1, 2024. (完整的申请必须在2023年10月15日之前收到，2024年1月1日之后和2024年12月1日之前的任何时间开始。)”可知，奖学金获得者最早于2024年1月1日开始研究工作。故选B项。 42．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Recipients are encouraged to pursue their own research interest supervised by resident staff. (鼓励获奖者在驻地工作人员的指导下从事自己的研究兴趣。)”可知，奖学金获得者将能够在伍兹霍尔海洋研究所驻地工作人员的指导下进行研究。故选D项。 43．C 44．D 45．D 46．C 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了游戏俄罗斯方块的数学理论基础。 43．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“With its bright colors, easy-to-learn rules and familiar music, the video game Tetris has endured as a pop culture symbol over the past 40 years. Many people, like me, have been playing the game for decades, and it has been updated to adapt to new technologies like game systems, phones and tablets.(在过去的40年里，电子游戏“俄罗斯方块”凭借其鲜艳的色彩、易于学习的规则和熟悉的音乐，一直是流行文化的象征。许多人，像我一样，已经玩了几十年的游戏，它已经更新，以适应新的技术，如游戏系统，手机和平板电脑)”及第二段“However, Tetris is much more than winning. The game, in which players must control blocks of different shapes as they slide down a screen, is based on a fundamental element of geometry, called dynamic spatial reasoning. (然而，俄罗斯方块的意义远不止获胜。在这款游戏中，玩家必须控制不同形状的方块在屏幕上滑动，这款游戏基于一个基本的几何元素，即动态空间推理)”可知，获胜的乐趣、鲜艳的色彩、易于学习的规则和熟悉的音乐、技术适应性都是俄罗斯方块这款游戏能持久受欢迎的原因，但是它基于的是一个基本的几何元素，并不复杂。故选C。 44．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Players employ these geometric skills to progress in Tetris, so playing it both tests and improves a player’s dynamic spatial reasoning.(玩家在俄罗斯方块中使用这些几何技能，所以玩这款游戏既能测试也能提高玩家的动态空间推理能力)”及下一段“Spatial reasoning is the ability to visualize geometric figures and how they will move in space.(空间推理是一种将几何图形及其在空间中的移动方式形象化的能力)”并结合倒数第二段“Spatial visualization is a key element of a mathematics discipline called transformation al geometry, which is usually first taught in middle school.(空间可视化是一门叫做变换几何的数学学科的关键要素，这门学科通常是在中学开始教的)”可知，玩俄罗斯方块能提高空间可视化能力。故选D。 45．推理判断题。结合文章倒数第二段“Spatial visualization is a key element of a mathematics discipline called transformation al geometry, which is usually first taught in middle school. In a typical transformational geometry exercise, students might be asked to represent a figure by its x and y coordinates on a coordinate graph and then identify the transformations, such as translation and rotations, necessary to move it from one position to another while keeping the piece the same shape and size.(空间可视化是一门叫做变换几何的数学学科的关键要素，这门学科通常是在中学开始教的。在典型的变换几何练习中，学生可能会被要求用坐标图上的x和y坐标来表示一个图形，然后识别转换，比如平移和旋转，这些转换是在保持图形形状和大小不变的情况下将图形从一个位置移动到另一个位置所必需的)”可推知，将图片中的图形进行向左旋转90度，再向右平移1后可以得到D图。故选D。 46．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“While it may seem simple, transformation al geometry is the foundation for several advanced topics in mathematics. Architects and engineers both use transformations to draw up blueprints, which represent the real world in scale drawings. Animators use concepts of transformations as well.(虽然看起来很简单，但变换几何是数学中几个高级主题的基础。建筑师和工程师都使用转换来绘制蓝图，这些蓝图在比例图中代表了现实世界。动画师也使用转换的概念)”可推知，俄罗斯方块背后的变换几何可以应用到各个领域。故选C。 47．C 48．D 49．E 50．A 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了在水资源短缺的地区可以通过雨水收集来获得水资源。 47．上段最后一句“Whatever you choose, rain is vitally essential in the nature.(无论你选择什么，雨在大自然中都是必不可少的)”描述雨水对于大自然的重要性，空后“It fills rivers and lakes, slowly sinks into the earth, nourishes our plants, and keeps the land alive and beautiful.(它填满河流和湖泊，慢慢地渗入土壤，滋养我们的植物，保持土地的生机和美丽)”具体展开说明雨水的用途，C选项“我们都深深依赖雨的滋养”概括下文，符合语境。故选C。 48．空前“As climate change heats up the planet and causes extreme weather, more places face water shortages.(随着气候变化使地球变暖并导致极端天气，越来越多的地方面临水资源短缺)”表明缺水的现象越来越多，空后“One easy place to look for more water is the sky!(一个容易找到更多水的地方是天空)”为提出了一个找到水的方案，D选项“为了保证未来的水供应，我们需要新的水源”引出下文从天空中找水资源的方法，且为第二段说明的取水方法之外的方法，new sources此处符合语境。故选D。 49．空前“Humans have collected rain since ancient times.(自古以来，人类就开始收集雨水)”表示人们自古以来就收集雨水，空后“They are tapping into this clean and rich source of water provided by nature. By harvesting the rain we can reduce the amount of water we take from rivers and out of the ground.(他们正在利用大自然提供的这种清洁而丰富的水源。通过收集雨水，我们可以减少从河流和地下取水的数量)”表明人们正在收集雨水取水及这样做的好处，E选项“现在，许多人又回到了这种做法”中return to与前文since ancient times呼应，this practice指代前文收集雨水的做法。故选E。 50．前文“Just one inch of rain falling on a medium-sized house produces over 600 gallons of water.(一英寸的雨水落在一座中等大小的房子上，就会产生600加仑的水)”具体举例子说明一个中等大小的房子能获得多少水，A选项“因此，大屋顶可以收集更多的水”与前一句产生对比，表示大屋子可以收集更多的水。故选A。 51．范文 Winter is becoming less snowy due to global warming. This threatens the survival of various animal species as they cannot find food or adapt to this change. Less snow also increases the risk of severe wildfires, with less moisture in the soil. Additionally, it affects humans, as managing water becomes more difficult with unpredictable changes in snowfall. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，由于全球变暖，冬天的雪越来越少。这威胁到各种动物的生存，因为它们无法找到食物或适应这种变化。由于土壤湿度降低，降雪减少也增加了发生严重野火的风险。此外，它还会影响人类，因为随着降雪的不可预测变化，管理水资源变得更加困难。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①While many people around the world are currently experiencing heavy snowfall, Earth is getting less snowy — a trend that isn’t temporary. That’s because the planet is heating up and winter is warming faster than any other season in America. ②With water falling as rain instead of snow, and then freezing, some animals may struggle to feed on grass on frozen ground. Not every species can adapt or move to snowier climates, which may cause the extinction of some animals. ③When there hasn’t been much snow, the soil can’t replace lost moisture, and forests experience more heat stress, making severe wildfires more likely. ④For humans, less snowfall is “problematic because snow supplies so much of our water,” says Schwartz. As it slowly melts into streams, snow supplies water through spring and summer, while rain flows immediately downstream and can be wasted. “It becomes more difficult to manage our water when we have these wild swings from year to year,” says Schwartz. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。 3.遣词造句 Winter is becoming less snowy due to global warming. This threatens the survival of various animal species as they cannot find food or adapt to this change. Less snow also increases the risk of severe wildfires, with less moisture in the soil. Additionally, it affects humans, as managing water becomes more difficult with unpredictable changes in snowfall. 【点睛】[高分句型1] This threatens the survival of various animal species as they cannot find food or adapt to this change.运用as引导原因状语从句对原第二段进行了概括。 [高分句型2] Additionally, it affects humans, as managing water becomes more difficult with unpredictable changes in snowfall.用动名词作主语对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。 52．Calm down, or you will/may let anxiety affect your performance. 【详解】考查短语和句型。此处为“祈使句+or+简单句”；表示“冷静”短语为calm down；后一句主语为you；表示“让”应用动词let，且may或will后跟动词原形；表示“焦虑”应用名词anxiety；表示“影响你的表现”翻译为affect your performance。故翻译为Calm down, or you will/may let anxiety affect your performance. 53．He had forgotten to pour some oil into the pan so that the eggs stuck to the surface/the bottom/it. /He forgot to pour some oil into the pan so that the eggs stuck to the surface/the bottom/it 【详解】考查动词和固定短语。根据中文提示和句意可知，这里时态应为过去时，可以用一般过去时或者过去完成时，且这里考查基础单词forget的用法：即forget to do表“忘记去做某事”，为固定搭配。表示“往锅里倒油”短语为pour some oil into the pan，表示“鸡蛋粘在了锅底”短语为stuck to the surface/the bottom/it，前后是两个简单句，为因果关系，因此用连词词组so that连接。故翻译为He had forgotten to pour some oil into the pan so that the eggs stuck to the surface/the bottom/it或者He forgot to pour some oil into the pan so that the eggs stuck to the surface/the bottom/it。 54．Rural areas are gradually transitioning to energy-saving electric vehicles, whose innovative designs are gaining favor among young consumers. 【详解】考查动词、名词、短语和定语从句。“农村地区”为“rural areas”，“逐步”为“gradually”，“过渡到”为“transition to”，“节能型电动汽车”为“energy-saving electric vehicles”，“创新设计”为“innovative designs”，“受某人青睐”为“gain favor among sb”，“年轻消费者”为“young consumers”，“节能型电动汽车”和“创新设计”为所属关系，则使用whose引导的定语从句，“农村地区正在逐步过渡到使用节能型电动汽车”使用现在进行时，为“Rural areas are gradually transitioning to energy-saving electric vehicles.”，定语从句部分为“whose innovative designs are gaining favor among young consumers”，故翻译为Rural areas are gradually transitioning to energy-saving electric vehicles, whose innovative designs are gaining favor among young consumers. 55．As the first exhibition center dedicated to urban planning and construction achievements, it traces the breathtaking evolution of the city from its early days to its 21st century. 【详解】考查句子结构，非谓语，名词短语和介词短语。分析可知，“作为首个致力于城市规划和建设成果的展览中心”为伴随状语，用“介词as+名词短语”的结构表达。其中，“首个”用序数词“the first”表达；“展览中心”用名词短语“exhibition center”表达；“致力于城市规划和建设成果的”作“exhibition center”的后置定语，“致力于”用动词短语“dedicate (sth) to...”表达，与所修饰词之间为被动关系，应是过去分词形式“dedicated to”；“城市规划和建设成果”用名词短语“urban planning and construction achievements”表达。因此，该部分翻译为“as the first exhibition center dedicated to urban planning and construction achievements”。句子主语“它”用“it”表达；“追朔”用动词“trace”表达，作谓语，结合语境，用一般现在时表客观事实，主语为三单，动词用单数“traces”；“这座城市的惊人的演变”用名词短语“the breathtaking evolution of the city”表达，作宾语；“从早期到21世纪”用介词短语“from the early days to its 21st century”表达。因此，该部分翻译为“it traces the breathtaking evolution of the city from its early days to its 21st century”。故译为：As the first exhibition center dedicated to urban planning and construction achievements, it traces the breathtaking evolution of the city from its early days to its 21st century. 56．Dear Editor, Recently, the “bread blind box” has quietly become popular. You can buy bread at 50％ discount of the original price or even lower, which is accompanied by the freshness and excitement of opening a blind box and has attracted many diners. It is true that the emergence of the “bread blind box” not only helps the store to solve the waste and loss caused by the failure to sell the products in time, but also enables consumers to buy good and cheap food. However, some merchants put expired bread into blind boxes for sale, violating the original intention of selling “bread blind box” to avoid food waste. We hope to strengthen market supervision to ensure quality and safety and the consumers’ rights. Yours truly, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英语报“YOUR VOICE”专栏写一封信，就最近上海的某些餐馆和面包房采取了一项新的举措：在微信小程序上以盲盒的形式降价销售当天卖剩的食物现象表达看法，说明理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 吸引：attract →draw 出现：emergence →appearance 引起：caused by →resulting from 违背：violate →go against 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：However, some merchants put expired bread into blind boxes for sale, violating the original intention of selling “bread blind box” to avoid food waste. 拓展句：However, some merchants put expired bread into blind boxes for sale, which violates the original intention of selling “bread blind box” to avoid food waste. 【点睛】【高分句型1】You can buy bread at 50％ discount of the original price or even lower, which is accompanied by the freshness and excitement of opening a blind box and has attracted many diners.(使用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】However, some merchants put expired bread into blind boxes for sale, violating the original intention of selling “bread blind box” to avoid food waste. (使用了现在分词充当结果状语) 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$