专题03 做人与做事 - 2025年高考英语热点话题阅读&时文阅读

专题03 做人与做事（原卷版） 【材料来源：The New York Times May 29, 2024】 What Does a Lonely Brain Look Like? Everyone feels lonely from time to time-after, say, a move to a new school or city,when a child leaves for college, or following the loss of a spouse. Some people, though, experience loneliness not just transiently but chronically. It becomes "a personality trait, something that's pretty sticky," said Dr. Ellen Lee, an associate professor of psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego. Research is mounting that this type of entrenched loneliness is bad for our health and can even change our brains,raising the risk for neurodegenerative diseases. How could a subjective feeling have such a profound effect on the brain's structure and functions? Scientists aren't sure, but they think that when loneliness triggers the stress response, it also activates the immune system, increasing levels of some inflammatory chemicals. When they're experienced for long periods of time, stress and inflammation can be detrimental for brain health, damaging neurons and the connections between them. One of the most common recommendations is a little obvious: Try to make new friends. Whether that's through art classes, sports teams or volunteer opportunities, the goal is to put yourself in places where people come together. These types of engineered social situations have mixed results. Dr. Lee said they tend to work best if there is a "shared identity" among the people involved, like groups specifically for people with diabetes, so they have something to connect over. 【译文欣赏】 孤独之人的大脑是什么样的？ 每个人都会时不时地感到孤独，比方说，在搬到新学校或者新城市之后，在孩子上大学之后，又或是失去配偶之后。 然而，有些人感受到的孤独并非转瞬即逝，而是长期持续.艾伦·李博士（Dr.Ellen Lee）是加利福尼亚大学圣迭戈分校精神病学副教授，他说道，这成为了“一种性格特征，一种相当顽固的东西”. 越来越多的研究表明，这种根深蒂固的孤独感不利于我们的健康，甚至会改变我们的大脑，增加罹患神经退行性疾病的风险。 一种主观感受怎么会对大脑的结构和功能产生如此深远的影响？科学家们并不确定，但他们认为，当孤独引发应激反应时，它也会激活免疫系统，增加一些炎症化学物质的水平。如果长期处于这种状态，压力和炎症就会损害大脑健康，破坏神经元及它们之间的连接。 很明显，一种最常见的建议就是去尝试结交新朋友.无论是参加艺术课程、运动小组还是志愿活动，目的都是把自己置身于人们聚集的地方。 这类精心设计好的社交场合往往效果好坏参半.李博士说，如果参与者之间能有一个“共同的身份”，比如有那种专门为糖尿病患者设立的团体，参与者之间会更容易建立链接，这一类社交情境往往会发挥出最好的功效。 【词汇积累】 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.entrenched /ɪnˈtrentʃt/ adj. 根深蒂固的 2.neurodegenerative /ˌnjʊəroʊdɪˈdʒɛnərətɪv/ adj. 神经的，神经系统的 3.subjective /səbˈdʒɛktɪv/ adj. 主观的 4.trigger /ˈtrɪɡər/ v. 引发，引起 5.activate /ˈæktɪveɪt/ v. 启动，激活 6.inflammatory /ɪnˈflæməˌtɔri/ adj.（医疗术语）发炎的，引发炎症的 7.detrimental /ˌdɛtrɪˈmɛntəl/ adj. 有害的 8.engineered /ˌɛndʒɪˈnɪrd/ adj. 精心策划的 9.transiently /ˈtrænziəntli/ adv. 暂时的 10.chronically /ˈkrɒnɪkli/ adv. 长期地 【长难句分析】 原句 Scientists aren't sure, but they think that when loneliness triggers the stress response, it also activates the immune system, increasing levels of some inflammatory chemicals. 译文 科学家们并不确定，但他们认为，当孤独引发应激反应时，它也会激活免疫系统，增加一些炎症化学物质的水平。 分析 主句: +--[主句: Scientists aren't sure] | +--[并列句: but they think that when loneliness triggers the stress response, it also activates the immune system, increasing levels of some inflammatory chemicals] | +--[并列连词: but] | +--[主句: they think that when loneliness triggers the stress response, it also activates the immune system] | | | +--[从句: when loneliness triggers the stress response] | | | | | | +--[并列句: it also activates the immune system] | | +--[分词短语: increasing levels of some inflammatory chemicals] （一） DREAMING OF A NEW OFFICE? Are you undisturbed by the chill of the Antarctic winds? Can you adapt to near-constant daylight, subzero temperatures and no flushing toilet (抽水马桶) or running water? Ready to take on the challenges of living and working in one of the most remote corners of the Earth? The UK Antarctic Heritage Trust invites passionate individuals to join our team at Base A on Goudier Island, Antarctica. As a member of our elite team, you’ll manage a museum, post office, and gift shop as well as conducting penguin counts. You will live and work at Base A at Port Lockroy on Goudier Island, which is about the size of a football pitch. Imagine waking to breathtaking landscapes, surrounded by curious penguins and the vast expanse of untouched wilderness. This is not just a job — it’s an expedition, a chance to make history while living among the impressive beauty of Antarctica. Applicants must possess resilience, physical fitness, and environmental awareness. Training will begin in August, ahead of the working period from late October or November until March, 2025. Interviews and selection events will be conducted to ensure the best fit for this once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. Join us in our mission to preserve Antarctica’s rich heritage and contribute to global conservation efforts. Apply by 25 April at jobs@ukaht.org and become part of an adventure that will leave you forever changed. 1．What’s the challenge of the advertised positions? A．Extreme heat. B．Total darkness. C．Tough working conditions. D．Drinking water shortage. 2．What might be the duty of those selected? A．Counting penguins. B．Maintaining a football field. C．Opening a gift shop. D．Appreciating the scenery. 3．How long will a successful applicant work there? A．5 months or so. B．Less than 3 months. C．About 13 weeks. D．Around 7 months. ( 1.u ndisturbed adj. 不受干扰的 2.a dventurous adj. 喜欢冒险的 3.n ear-constant adj. 几乎恒定的 4.r emote adj. 偏远的 5.p assionate adj. 充满热情的 6.e lite adj. 精英的 7.r esilience n. 适应力 8.b reathtaking adj. 令人惊叹的 9.e xpedition n. 探险 10.s election n. 选择 ) （二） One of China’s first female sea-rescue pilots looks back in pride at 300-plus missions and promises to save more lives. When the perfect storm brews(酝酿) over the boundless sea and lives are in danger, a crew of highly trained professionals embarks on a mission impossible to search for and rescue survivors from the rough waters. Wan Qiuwen is one of them. And, she’s a woman. The 36-year-old from Shanghai has broken the glass ceiling to become one of China’s first two female rescue helicopter pilots who respond to search and rescue missions involving cargo ship snags(货船遇险), vessel accidents, medical emergencies and special marine operations. The demanding nature of the profession had always favored male candidates until the rules were changed for the first and only time. She says, “Rescue at sea can be both challenging and terrifying. If you don’t think and act fast, people may die.” On Aug 20,2020, an oil tanker ferrying 3,000 metric tons of gasoline collided with a cargo ship loaded with sand and gravel about 1.5 nautical miles (2,778 meters) southeast of the Yangtze River estuary, sparking a fire on the deck of the oil tanker and causing the latter to sink. Wan was among the first respondents. She flew to the site from Gaodong helicopter airport, which is the country’s first-of-its-kind marine rescue launchpad(发射台). “The tanker was still burning and there was a thick envelope of smoke, reducing visibility to near zero.” she recalls. And yet, with her sea wisdom, Wan spotted a survivor and executed a successful rescue operation. She hovered above the troubled waters for a couple of minutes to estimate the best extraction point, and then threw down a rope and pulled up a seriously injured crew member. Now, a mother of a boy, when people ask her if she will continue to fly once her child grows up, Wan’s response is affirmative. “This profession is about saving lives and I am a rescue pilot, once and always.” 4．What do the underlined words “broken the glass ceiling” probably mean? A．Winning wide praise. B．Making a personal breakthrough. C．Disobeying rules of her career. D．Breaking barriers preventing women’s advancement. 5．Which of the following best describe Wan Qiuwen? A．Courageous and Creative. B．Professional and Determined. C．Conservative and Hardworking. D．Responsible and Self-disciplined. 6．What can be learned from the accident happening on August 20, 2020? A．It is visible for Wan to see clearly the site from the sky. B．Both the oil tanker and the cargo ship sank after collision. C．During the rescue, Wan threw down a rope without hesitation. D．Before taking rescue action Wan made a judgement on the situation. 7．What is the purpose of the passage ? A．To call on more people to be a sea-rescue pilot. B．To inform the risks of becoming a sea-rescue pilot. C．To introduce an exceptional woman sea-rescue pilot. D．To educate people the meaning of breaking through gender prejudice. ( 原句 The 36-year-old from Shanghai has broken the glass ceiling to become one of China’s first two female rescue helicopter pilots who respond to search and rescue missions involving cargo ship snags(货船遇险), vessel accidents, medical emergencies and special marine operations. 译文 这位来自上海的36岁女性打破了性别障碍，成为了中国首批两位参与货船遇险、船只事故、医疗紧急情况及特殊海上作业搜救任务的女性救援直升机飞行员之一。 分析 +--[主句: The 36-year-old from Shanghai has broken the glass ceiling to become one of China’s first two female rescue helicopter pilots] | +--[定语从句: who respond to search and rescue missions] | +--[并列结构: search and rescue missions] | +--[并列结构: involving cargo ship snags, vessel accidents, medical emergencies and special marine operations] | +--[并列结构: vessel accidents, medical emergencies and special marine operations] ) ( 1. r escue n. 救援 2. b rew v. 酝酿 3. b oundless adj. 无边无际的 4. m ission n. 任务 5. v essel n. 船只 6. d emanding adj. 要求高的 7. r espondent n. 响应者 8. v isibility n. 能见度 9. h over v. 盘旋 10. a ffirmative adj. 肯定的 ) （三） Most people suffer from “just-me-ism”. What is that? Well, say you leave the tap running while brushing your teeth, or you drop a piece of litter and can ’t be bothered to pick it up. You know all those things are wrong, but so what? “What difference can it possibly make?” you say to yourself. “There are millions of people in the world and I’m just me.” But just think of all the millions of people saying to themselves, “It doesn’t matter, it’s just me.” Millions of gallons of water would be wasted; millions of pieces of litter would be dropped. And all of this would be very harmful. To inspire young people to take action for the environment, animals and their community, Roots & Shoots was established in the early 1990s by Dr. Jane Goodall, a world’s well-known environmental scientist. Besides her research, she has been whole-heartedly committed to environmental protection. The organisation is called Roots & Shoots because roots move slowly under the ground to make a firm foundation, and shoots seem small and weak, but they can break open brick walls to reach the light. The roots and shoots are you, your friends and young people all around the world. Hundreds and thousands of roots and shoots can solve the problems, change the world and make it a better place to live in. Do you think you help to make the world a better place when you make a sad person smile, when you make a dog wag its tail, and when you water a thirsty plant? One cheered-up person, one happy dog, one flowering plant, and you. That’s what Roots & Shoots is all about. Dr.Jane Goodall believes that the most important thing is that every individual matters. You get to choose: Do you want to make the world a better place? Do you want to make Roots & Shoots rooted in everyone’s heart? Do you want to be part of a community for a shared future? You cannot be absent. 8．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．The reasons for “just-me-ism”. B．The negative effects of “just-me-ism”. C．The definition of “just-me-ism”. D．The sufferings of people with “just-me-ism”. 9．How does Roots & Shoots help protect the environment? A．By appealing for experts’ devotion. B．By explaining the origin of the organization. C．By enhancing young people’s academic skills. D．By motivating the youth to make a difference. 10．Why does the author give the examples in the last paragraph? A．To illustrate the value of each individual. B．To demonstrate the significance of teamwork. C．To make a comment about some acts of kindness. D．To inspire young people to reflect on wrongdoings. 11．What does the author suggest people do? A．Join Roots & Shoots. B．Break open walls. C．Resolve world issues. D．Pull their own weight. ( 1.s uffer v. 遭受 2.l itter n. 垃圾 3.b othered adj. 烦恼的 4.h armful adj. 有害的 5.i nspire v. 激励 6.e stablished v. 成立 7.c ommitted adj. 致力于 8.f oundation n. 基础 9.i ndividual n. 个人 10.s ignificance n. 重要性 ) （四） The introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) is a significant part of the digital transformation bringing challenges and changes to the job descriptions among management. A study shows that integrating AI systems into service teams increases demands on middle management in the financial services field. Interviewed in the study were 25 experienced managers employed by a leading Scandinavian financial services company. AI systems have been intensely integrated into the tasks and processes of the company in recent years. The results showed that the integration of AI systems into service teams is a complex phenomenon, putting new demands on the work of middle management and requiring a balanced act in the face of new challenges. “The productivity of work grows when routine tasks are passed on to AI. On the other hand, the fast pace of change makes work more demanding, and the integration of AI makes it necessary to learn new things constantly. Surprisingly, new kinds of routine work also increase, because the operations of AI need to be monitored and checked,” says Assistant Professor Jonna Koponen. According to the results of the research, the social features of middle management also changed, because the AI systems used at work were seen either as technical tools or colleagues, depending on the type of AI that was used. Especially when more developed types of AI, such as chatting robots, were included in the AI systems, they were seen as colleagues. Integrating AI also poses ethical (道德上的) challenges, and managers devoted more of their time to ethical considerations. For example, they were concerned about the fairness of decisions made by AI. Aspects observed in the study showed that managing service teams with integrated AI requires new skills and knowledge of middle management, such as technological understanding and skills, interactive skills and emotional intelligence, problem-solving skills, and the ability to manage and adapt to continuous change. “AI systems cannot yet take over all human management in areas such as the motivation and inspiration of team members. This is why skills in interaction and empathy (同理心) should be emphasized when selecting new employees for managerial positions which emphasize the management of teams integrated with AI,” Koponen says. 12．What does the study find? A．AI becomes less popular in the service field. B．AI makes decisions more fairly than humans. C．AI proves human management is unnecessary. D．AI makes middle management more demanding. 13．What’s Jonna Koponen’s attitude to integrating AI systems into service teams? A．Unmentioned. B．Opposed. C．Objective. D．Indifferent. 14．Which of the following shows Jonna Koponen’s opinion? A．AI can’t replace human mangers completely. B．Few managers in the service field are needed. C．Employees for managerial positions dislike AI. D．AI devotes more time to ethical considerations. 15．What is the main idea of the text? A．The integration of AI into service teams is hard. B．AI takes over human management in many fields. C．AI and human managers are a perfect combination. D．The application of AI influences middle management. ( 原句 On the other hand, the fast pace of change makes work more demanding, and the integration of AI makes it necessary to learn new things constantly. 译文 另一方面，快速的变化使工作要求更高，而人工智能的集成使不断学习新事物成为必要。 分析 主句: On the other hand, the fast pace of change makes work more demanding | +--[并列句: and the integration of AI makes it necessary to learn new things constantly] | +--[ 形式宾语：it 真正宾语 : to learn new things constantly] ) ( 1. transformation n. 转型 2. crucial adj. 关键的 3. integrate v. 整合 4. challenging adj. 具有挑战性的 5. phenomenon n. 现象 6. productivity n. 生产力 7. monitor v. 监控 8. colleague n. 同事 9. ethical adj. 道德的 10. empathy n. 同理心 ) （五） Tips for Positive Thinking When Depressed If you’re wondering how to become more positive when depressed, you may need some actionable tips to get started. 16 Keep a positive journal. Positive thoughts can be few and far between when you have depression. 17 Even if it’s something as small as seeing a beautiful flower or receiving a supportive text from a friend, keep a record of your better moments. 18 Next time you feel hopeless in the face of difficulties, imagine the most positive outcome. For example, you might dislike having depression, but imagine that one day you could use your story to help others — to start a support group or write a book. Ask yourself if your negative beliefs are really true. Next time you observe a negative thought entering your mind, ask yourself: “Is there basis for this thought?” For example, has anyone ever told you that you were a terrible friend apart from yourself? 19 What about all the times you’ve been supportive or helpful to the people in your life? Hold your negative thoughts up for inspection and you’ll soon see which are worth your attention. 20 During depression, however, it often feels easier to hide under your covers and let the negative thoughts takeover than try to change your patterns. Try to challenge yourself during your stronger moments to try to find something to feel positive about. A．How might that feel? B．Here are some ideas. C．Adjust mood to get a positive result. D．Building healthy habits can be hard at the best of times. E．If so, is that person’s opinion the only one you truly value? F．Take a challenging situation and imagine the most positive outcome. G．So each time a happy or hopeful thought comes into your head, write it down. ( 原句 During depression, however, it often feels easier to hide under your covers and let the negative thoughts takeover than try to change your patterns. 译文 然而，在抑郁期间，躲在被子里让消极的想法接管比尝试改变你的模式更容易。 分析 主句: +--[状语: During depression, however] | +--[主句: it often feels easier to hide under your covers and let the negative thoughts takeover] | +--[主语: it] | +--[谓语: often feels easier] | | +--[不定式短语: to hide under your covers and let the negative thoughts takeover] | +--[并列结构: to hide under your covers and let the negative thoughts takeover] | | | +--[不定式短语: to hide under your covers] | | | | | +--[不定式短语: let the negative thoughts takeover] | | | +--[比较状语从句: than try to change your patterns] | | | +--[从句: try to change your patterns] ) ( 1. actionable adj. 可操作的 2. affirmation n. 积极肯定 3. depression n. 抑郁症 4. supportive adj. 支持的 5. envision v. 设想 6. outcome n. 结果 7. negative adj. 消极的 8. basis n. 基础 9. inspection n. 检查 10. empathy n. 同理心 ) （六） My family always had various animals around, but I never had one that truly belonged to me. My parents didn’t permit me to 21 my own until I was nine years old. Finally, I was 22 to have my own 23 , a fish called Mark. I told my parents that it was my responsibility to 24 it. Every Saturday, I would clean out his bowl. I found myself 25 invitations from my friends to go somewhere immediately after school, because I would have to feed my fish first. Every day he would remind me that I was 26 and that I had someone relying on me. One day, I came home from school and headed to my room to 27 Mark. I found a 28 thing had happened. I 29 my bag and ran over to the bowl. I saw my best friend Mark floating around, lifeless. I couldn’t believe what I was seeing. My mom walked into my room. I turned around as tears started to well in my eyes. “Mommy, Mark died!” With that 30 word I started crying uncontrollably. My mom came to my side as I hid my face in my pillows. After a while, I suddenly realized that Mark hadn’t just 31 me. He had taught me what 32 meant. I learned it through feeding him and cleaning his bowl. This made me feel 33 . To my nine-year-old self, this was a great 34 . Slowly, a smile crossed my face. Mark was gone. 35 , the lessons he taught me would forever be carved into my memory. 21．A．draw B．keep C．imagine D．share 22．A．doubtful B．surprised C．excited D．afraid 23．A．room B．pet C．time D．mind 24．A．get hold of B．make use of C．look after D．play with 25．A．turning down B．putting away C．asking for D．showing off 26．A．needed B．recognized C．scolded D．replaced 27．A．save B．wash C．impress D．feed 28．A．basic B．familiar C．magical D．terrible 29．A．emptied B．dropped C．grabbed D．checked 30．A．last B．common C．extra D．simple 31．A．defeated B．reminded C．left D．chosen 32．A．preference B．responsibility C．humanity D．independence 33．A．safe B．tired C．sorry D．good 34．A．achievement B．treatment C．disappointment D．agreement 35．A．Otherwise B．Besides C．Therefore D．However ( 1. various adj. 各种各样的 2. permit v. 允许 3. responsibility n. 责任 4. rely v. 依赖 5. lifeless adj. 无生命的 6. uncontrollably adv. 不可控制地 7. realize v. 意识到 8. carve v. 雕刻 9. doubtful adj. 怀疑的 10. achievement n. 成就 ) （一） （2023·天津·高考真题）STUDENT EMPLOYMENT ON CAMPUS All students may apply to work on campus. Getting started Before starting any position, all students need to complete required taforms and show identification. International students also need: *Social Security card        *Bank  account *Valid  passport          *Official work permit *Letter of support from the office of International Student Life Looking for a job on Handshake Handshake is an online job search platform for college students. With a Handshake account, students can receive information about career events and personalized job recommendations. To use Handshake, just follow these steps: *Log in to Handshake using your email address already provided by the college. *Complete personalization of your profile. *Start your job search by clicking “Jobs” button. *Fill out desired information:location, job type, etc. *Apply directly by clicking “Apply Now” button. You can also make appointments to meet with a career coach, access career resources, and explore careers that interest you. On-campus jobs available for students *Academic department assistant (Flexible working hours on Monday/Thursday) *Dining services (Lunchtime on weekdays) *Library assistant (Flexible working hours on Monday/Wednesday/Friday) *Bookstore/mailroom(9:00-12:00 at weekends) *Athletic department (18:00-22:00 on weekdays) Maximum working hours *During the semester (学期), domestic students can work a maximum of 10 hours a week; international students can work a maximum of 20 hours a week. *During the summer break,a student may not work more than 30 hours a week. *The total number of hours may not exceed (超过) the maximum hours allowed even if a student has more than one job. For more information, find us at Career Development Office, 211Hughes Hall; careerdevelopment@dreamcollege.edu, 555-520-1314 1．What documents are necessary for an international student to seek employment? A．Passport and Insurance Certificate. B．Work permit and Academic report. C．Bank account and Letter of support. D．Health Certificate and Social Security card. 2．Before searching for a job on Handshake, you need to_________. A．consult a career coach B．personalize your profile C．attend job training D．set up a new email account 3．Where could you work on Tuesday evenings? A．In the athletic department. B．In the dining hall. C．In the library. D．In the bookstore. 4．Which working arrangement is allowed for a domestic student? A．40 hours per week during the summer break. B．20 hours per week during the semester. C．2 jobs, each with 16 hours per week. D．3 jobs, each with 2 hours per week. 5．Where is the passage probably taken from? A．A university website. B．A course guide. C．A summer camp notice. D．A business magazine. （二） （2022·浙江·高考真题）Many people believe that working to the maximum is the secret to success, but research has found that moderation(适度) also gets results on the job. In a study led by Ellen Langer of Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate sentences into a new made-up language. Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than those who practiced extensively or not at all. High levels of knowledge can make people too attached to traditional ways of viewing problems across fields the arts, sciences, and politics. High conscientiousness is related to lower job performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesn’t pay to be a perfectionist. How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are under careful examination in many workplaces. The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office. “People from cultures that value relationships more than ours does are shocked by the thought of eating alone in front of a computer”, says Art Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas, Austin. Social interaction has been shown to lift mood(情绪) and get people thinking in new directions and in ways that could help improve any post-lunch effort. Markman also promotes off-task time. “Part of being a good thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly unrelated to what you are working on at the moment but give you fresh ideas about your work,” he says. “Also, there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity. So, when people do things to increase their life satisfaction, they also make themselves more effective at work.” 6．What does Ellen Langer’s study show? A．It is worthwhile to be a perfectionist B．Translation makes people knowledgeable. C．Simpler jobs require greater caution. D．Moderate effort produces the best result. 7．The underlined word “go-getter” in paragraph 3 refers to someone Who_______. A．is good at handling pressure B．works hard to become successful C．a has a natural talent for his job. D．gets on well with his co-workers 8．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．A good thinker is able to inspire other people. B．Experience unrelated to your job is useless. C．A cheerful mood helps make a creative mind. D．Focusing on what you do raises productivity. 9．What does the text seem to advocate? A．Middle-of-the-road work habits. B．Balance between work and family. C．Long-standing cultural traditions. D．Harmony in the work environment. （三） （2023·全国甲卷）Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There is one answer. 10 . In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks. ●Practice gratitude (感激) Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic. 11 . “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. ● Make yourself wait Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. 12 . Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations. ● 13 . So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “ 14 .” You’ll then gradually become more patient. A．Find your causes B．Start with small tasks C．Accept the uncomfortable D．All this adds up to a state of hurry E．It can also help us practice more patience F．This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable G．They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience Task 1 本专题的主题语境是“人与自我”，话题是“做人与做事”，与学生们的日常生活和学习密切相关，旨在帮助学生们更好地做人和做事。请选择一篇你感兴趣的阅读语篇，尝试用思维导图绘制出文章脉络吧！ Task 2 （2024·河北保定·二模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 “Dear Jenny, I am really sorry to tell you that you didn’t get the position this time. The interviewers had a discussion about you. You have a very good experience, but you are not qualified for this position. The journalist we want is to communicate with people from walks of life, so you should be more sociable and more energetic. So, sorry.” Actually, such was not quite new to Jenny and this was the third time that she had been rejected for a job position after her graduation from university as a top student. Overwhelmed (淹没) with sadness, she lifted her hands to cover her face. Her heart was broken with self-doubt whether she was never good enough to fit in with the highly competitive adult world. It seemed that the excellence she displayed at school was nothing but illusion. “Maybe I should quit applying for that demanding job,” Jenny whispered to herself. Sensing something wrong, Jenny’s father, James, said to his daughter, “Congratulations on your graduation, and time to enjoy your youth. In celebration of your new life, I’d like to give you something special. Here is a car that I acquired many years ago. But before I give it to you, take it to the used car lot downtown and tell them you want to sell it and see how much they offer you.” Unwilling as Jenny was, she went to the used car lot and they offered her only one thousand dollars because the car looked very worn out. With that offer, she returned back to her father and out of her expectation, this time her father told her to take this car to a pawnshop (当铺). Confused, Jenny went to the pawnshop where they should have offered her ten thousand dollars as her father’s car looked a little bit old to them. “Maybe it is a perfect deal!” thought Jenny. But then, the father advised his daughter to keep trying and go to a car club and show them the car. The daughter took the car to the club, and then, breathtakingly, something magic happened. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 People there willingly offered one hundred thousand dollars for the same car. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Wearing a satisfied smile, James said, “They identified it as an expensive car.” ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ( 4 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 做人与做事（解析版） 【材料来源：The New York Times May 29, 2024】 What Does a Lonely Brain Look Like? Everyone feels lonely from time to time-after, say, a move to a new school or city,when a child leaves for college, or following the loss of a spouse. Some people, though, experience loneliness not just transiently but chronically. It becomes "a personality trait, something that's pretty sticky," said Dr. Ellen Lee, an associate professor of psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego. Research is mounting that this type of entrenched loneliness is bad for our health and can even change our brains,raising the risk for neurodegenerative diseases. How could a subjective feeling have such a profound effect on the brain's structure and functions? Scientists aren't sure, but they think that when loneliness triggers the stress response, it also activates the immune system, increasing levels of some inflammatory chemicals. When they're experienced for long periods of time, stress and inflammation can be detrimental for brain health, damaging neurons and the connections between them. One of the most common recommendations is a little obvious: Try to make new friends. Whether that's through art classes, sports teams or volunteer opportunities, the goal is to put yourself in places where people come together. These types of engineered social situations have mixed results. Dr. Lee said they tend to work best if there is a "shared identity" among the people involved, like groups specifically for people with diabetes, so they have something to connect over. 【译文欣赏】 孤独之人的大脑是什么样的？ 每个人都会时不时地感到孤独，比方说，在搬到新学校或者新城市之后，在孩子上大学之后，又或是失去配偶之后。 然而，有些人感受到的孤独并非转瞬即逝，而是长期持续.艾伦·李博士（Dr.Ellen Lee）是加利福尼亚大学圣迭戈分校精神病学副教授，他说道，这成为了“一种性格特征，一种相当顽固的东西”. 越来越多的研究表明，这种根深蒂固的孤独感不利于我们的健康，甚至会改变我们的大脑，增加罹患神经退行性疾病的风险。 一种主观感受怎么会对大脑的结构和功能产生如此深远的影响？科学家们并不确定，但他们认为，当孤独引发应激反应时，它也会激活免疫系统，增加一些炎症化学物质的水平。如果长期处于这种状态，压力和炎症就会损害大脑健康，破坏神经元及它们之间的连接。 很明显，一种最常见的建议就是去尝试结交新朋友.无论是参加艺术课程、运动小组还是志愿活动，目的都是把自己置身于人们聚集的地方。 这类精心设计好的社交场合往往效果好坏参半.李博士说，如果参与者之间能有一个“共同的身份”，比如有那种专门为糖尿病患者设立的团体，参与者之间会更容易建立链接，这一类社交情境往往会发挥出最好的功效。 【词汇积累】 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.entrenched /ɪnˈtrentʃt/ adj. 根深蒂固的 2.neurodegenerative /ˌnjʊəroʊdɪˈdʒɛnərətɪv/ adj. 神经的，神经系统的 3.subjective /səbˈdʒɛktɪv/ adj. 主观的 4.trigger /ˈtrɪɡər/ v. 引发，引起 5.activate /ˈæktɪveɪt/ v. 启动，激活 6.inflammatory /ɪnˈflæməˌtɔri/ adj.（医疗术语）发炎的，引发炎症的 7.detrimental /ˌdɛtrɪˈmɛntəl/ adj. 有害的 8.engineered /ˌɛndʒɪˈnɪrd/ adj. 精心策划的 9.transiently /ˈtrænziəntli/ adv. 暂时的 10.chronically /ˈkrɒnɪkli/ adv. 长期地 【长难句分析】 原句 Scientists aren't sure, but they think that when loneliness triggers the stress response, it also activates the immune system, increasing levels of some inflammatory chemicals. 译文 科学家们并不确定，但他们认为，当孤独引发应激反应时，它也会激活免疫系统，增加一些炎症化学物质的水平。 分析 主句: +--[主句: Scientists aren't sure] | +--[并列句: but they think that when loneliness triggers the stress response, it also activates the immune system, increasing levels of some inflammatory chemicals] | +--[并列连词: but] | +--[主句: they think that when loneliness triggers the stress response, it also activates the immune system] | | | +--[从句: when loneliness triggers the stress response] | | | | | | +--[并列句: it also activates the immune system] | | +--[分词短语: increasing levels of some inflammatory chemicals] （一） （2024·山西临汾·三模）DREAMING OF A NEW OFFICE? Are you undisturbed by the chill of the Antarctic winds? Can you adapt to near-constant daylight, subzero temperatures and no flushing toilet (抽水马桶) or running water? Ready to take on the challenges of living and working in one of the most remote corners of the Earth? The UK Antarctic Heritage Trust invites passionate individuals to join our team at Base A on Goudier Island, Antarctica. As a member of our elite team, you’ll manage a museum, post office, and gift shop as well as conducting penguin counts. You will live and work at Base A at Port Lockroy on Goudier Island, which is about the size of a football pitch. Imagine waking to breathtaking landscapes, surrounded by curious penguins and the vast expanse of untouched wilderness. This is not just a job — it’s an expedition, a chance to make history while living among the impressive beauty of Antarctica. Applicants must possess resilience, physical fitness, and environmental awareness. Training will begin in August, ahead of the working period from late October or November until March, 2025. Interviews and selection events will be conducted to ensure the best fit for this once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. Join us in our mission to preserve Antarctica’s rich heritage and contribute to global conservation efforts. Apply by 25 April at jobs@ukaht.org and become part of an adventure that will leave you forever changed. 1．What’s the challenge of the advertised positions? A．Extreme heat. B．Total darkness. C．Tough working conditions. D．Drinking water shortage. 2．What might be the duty of those selected? A．Counting penguins. B．Maintaining a football field. C．Opening a gift shop. D．Appreciating the scenery. 3．How long will a successful applicant work there? A．5 months or so. B．Less than 3 months. C．About 13 weeks. D．Around 7 months. 【答案速查】1．C 2．A 3．A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了英国南极遗产信托基金发布的一则招募信息。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Are you undisturbed by the chill of the Antarctic winds? Can you adapt to near-constant daylight, subzero temperatures and no flushing toilet or running water? Ready to take on the challenges of living and working in one of the most remote corners of the Earth?(你是否不为南极风寒所扰？能否适应近乎持续的白昼、零下温度以及没有冲水马桶和自来水的生活？是否准备好迎接在地球上最偏远角落生活与工作的挑战？)”可知，这些都是艰难的工作条件。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“As a member of our elite team, you’ll manage a museum, post office, and gift shop as well as conducting penguin counts.(作为我们精英团队的一员，你将负责管理博物馆、邮局和礼品店，同时进行企鹅数量统计)”可知，被选中的人需要进行企鹅数量统计。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Training will begin in August, ahead of the working period from late October or November until March, 2025.(培训将于8月开始，先于10月底或11月至2025年3月的工作期)”可知，工作期从10月末或11月开始，直到2025年3月，大约是5个月左右。故选A项。 ( 1.u ndisturbed adj. 不受干扰的 2.a dventurous adj. 喜欢冒险的 3.n ear-constant adj. 几乎恒定的 4.r emote adj. 偏远的 5.p assionate adj. 充满热情的 6.e lite adj. 精英的 7.r esilience n. 适应力 8.b reathtaking adj. 令人惊叹的 9.e xpedition n. 探险 10.s election n. 选择 ) （二） （2024·江西·一模）One of China’s first female sea-rescue pilots looks back in pride at 300-plus missions and promises to save more lives. When the perfect storm brews(酝酿) over the boundless sea and lives are in danger, a crew of highly trained professionals embarks on a mission impossible to search for and rescue survivors from the rough waters. Wan Qiuwen is one of them. And, she’s a woman. The 36-year-old from Shanghai has broken the glass ceiling to become one of China’s first two female rescue helicopter pilots who respond to search and rescue missions involving cargo ship snags(货船遇险), vessel accidents, medical emergencies and special marine operations. The demanding nature of the profession had always favored male candidates until the rules were changed for the first and only time. She says, “Rescue at sea can be both challenging and terrifying. If you don’t think and act fast, people may die.” On Aug 20,2020, an oil tanker ferrying 3,000 metric tons of gasoline collided with a cargo ship loaded with sand and gravel about 1.5 nautical miles (2,778 meters) southeast of the Yangtze River estuary, sparking a fire on the deck of the oil tanker and causing the latter to sink. Wan was among the first respondents. She flew to the site from Gaodong helicopter airport, which is the country’s first-of-its-kind marine rescue launchpad(发射台). “The tanker was still burning and there was a thick envelope of smoke, reducing visibility to near zero.” she recalls. And yet, with her sea wisdom, Wan spotted a survivor and executed a successful rescue operation. She hovered above the troubled waters for a couple of minutes to estimate the best extraction point, and then threw down a rope and pulled up a seriously injured crew member. Now, a mother of a boy, when people ask her if she will continue to fly once her child grows up, Wan’s response is affirmative. “This profession is about saving lives and I am a rescue pilot, once and always.” 4．What do the underlined words “broken the glass ceiling” probably mean? A．Winning wide praise. B．Making a personal breakthrough. C．Disobeying rules of her career. D．Breaking barriers preventing women’s advancement. 5．Which of the following best describe Wan Qiuwen? A．Courageous and Creative. B．Professional and Determined. C．Conservative and Hardworking. D．Responsible and Self-disciplined. 6．What can be learned from the accident happening on August 20, 2020? A．It is visible for Wan to see clearly the site from the sky. B．Both the oil tanker and the cargo ship sank after collision. C．During the rescue, Wan threw down a rope without hesitation. D．Before taking rescue action Wan made a judgement on the situation. 7．What is the purpose of the passage ? A．To call on more people to be a sea-rescue pilot. B．To inform the risks of becoming a sea-rescue pilot. C．To introduce an exceptional woman sea-rescue pilot. D．To educate people the meaning of breaking through gender prejudice. 【答案速查】4．D 5．B 6．D 7．C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了中国首批女性海上救援直升机飞行员之一万秋雯，她突破性别障碍，执行300多起救援任务，承诺拯救更多生命的故事。 4．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“The demanding nature of the profession had always favored male candidates until the rules were changed for the first and only time.(这一职业的高要求性质历来偏向于男性候选人，直到规则首次也是唯一一次改变)”可知，划线部分指的是万秋雯成为首批女性海上救援直升机飞行员之一的事迹，意味着她突破了阻碍女性晋升的障碍，故划线部分与D选项“打破阻碍女性晋升的障碍”意思相近。故选D。 5．推理判断题。根据第三段中“And yet, with her sea wisdom, Wan spotted a survivor and executed a successful rescue operation. She hovered above the troubled waters for a couple of minutes to estimate the best extraction point, and then threw down a rope and pulled up a seriously injured crew member.(然而，凭借她的海上智慧，万秋雯发现了幸存者并执行了一次成功的救援行动。她在波涛汹涌的海面上盘旋了几分钟，以估测最佳的营救位置，随后投下绳索，救起了一名重伤的船员)”可知，万秋雯是专业的，根据第四段“Now, a mother of a boy, when people ask her if she will continue to fly once her child grows up, Wan’s response is affirmative. “This profession is about saving lives and I am a rescue pilot, once and always.”(现在，作为一名男孩的母亲，当人们问她孩子长大后是否会继续飞行时，万秋雯的回答是肯定的。“这个职业关乎拯救生命，我是一名救援飞行员，从前是，永远都是。”)”可知，万秋雯具有坚定的决心。故选B。 6．推理判断题。根据第三段中“She hovered above the troubled waters for a couple of minutes to estimate the best extraction point, and then threw down a rope and pulled up a seriously injured crew member.(她在波涛汹涌的海面上盘旋了几分钟，以估测最佳的营救位置，随后投下绳索，救起了一名重伤的船员)”可知，在进行营救行动之前，万秋雯对情况进行了判断。故选D。 7．推理判断题。根据全文内容及第二段中“The 36-year-old from Shanghai has broken the glass ceiling to become one of China’s first two female rescue helicopter pilots who respond to search and rescue missions involving cargo ship snags(货船遇险), vessel accidents, medical emergencies and special marine operations.(这位来自上海的36岁女性打破了性别障碍，成为了中国首批两位参与货船遇险、船只事故、医疗紧急情况及特殊海上作业搜救任务的女性救援直升机飞行员之一)”可知，文章主要讲述了万秋雯作为中国首批女性海上救援直升机飞行员之一的卓越事迹和个人经历，突出了她的勇气、专业和对职业的承诺。因此，文章的主要目的是介绍这位杰出的女性海上救援飞行员。故选C。 ( 原句 The 36-year-old from Shanghai has broken the glass ceiling to become one of China’s first two female rescue helicopter pilots who respond to search and rescue missions involving cargo ship snags(货船遇险), vessel accidents, medical emergencies and special marine operations. 译文 这位来自上海的36岁女性打破了性别障碍，成为了中国首批两位参与货船遇险、船只事故、医疗紧急情况及特殊海上作业搜救任务的女性救援直升机飞行员之一。 分析 +--[主句: The 36-year-old from Shanghai has broken the glass ceiling to become one of China’s first two female rescue helicopter pilots] | +--[定语从句: who respond to search and rescue missions] | +--[并列结构: search and rescue missions] | +--[并列结构: involving cargo ship snags, vessel accidents, medical emergencies and special marine operations] | +--[并列结构: vessel accidents, medical emergencies and special marine operations] ) ( 1. r escue n. 救援 2. b rew v. 酝酿 3. b oundless adj. 无边无际的 4. m ission n. 任务 5. v essel n. 船只 6. d emanding adj. 要求高的 7. r espondent n. 响应者 8. v isibility n. 能见度 9. h over v. 盘旋 10. a ffirmative adj. 肯定的 ) （三） （2024·辽宁大连·二模）Most people suffer from “just-me-ism”. What is that? Well, say you leave the tap running while brushing your teeth, or you drop a piece of litter and can ’t be bothered to pick it up. You know all those things are wrong, but so what? “What difference can it possibly make?” you say to yourself. “There are millions of people in the world and I’m just me.” But just think of all the millions of people saying to themselves, “It doesn’t matter, it’s just me.” Millions of gallons of water would be wasted; millions of pieces of litter would be dropped. And all of this would be very harmful. To inspire young people to take action for the environment, animals and their community, Roots & Shoots was established in the early 1990s by Dr. Jane Goodall, a world’s well-known environmental scientist. Besides her research, she has been whole-heartedly committed to environmental protection. The organisation is called Roots & Shoots because roots move slowly under the ground to make a firm foundation, and shoots seem small and weak, but they can break open brick walls to reach the light. The roots and shoots are you, your friends and young people all around the world. Hundreds and thousands of roots and shoots can solve the problems, change the world and make it a better place to live in. Do you think you help to make the world a better place when you make a sad person smile, when you make a dog wag its tail, and when you water a thirsty plant? One cheered-up person, one happy dog, one flowering plant, and you. That’s what Roots & Shoots is all about. Dr.Jane Goodall believes that the most important thing is that every individual matters. You get to choose: Do you want to make the world a better place? Do you want to make Roots & Shoots rooted in everyone’s heart? Do you want to be part of a community for a shared future? You cannot be absent. 8．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．The reasons for “just-me-ism”. B．The negative effects of “just-me-ism”. C．The definition of “just-me-ism”. D．The sufferings of people with “just-me-ism”. 9．How does Roots & Shoots help protect the environment? A．By appealing for experts’ devotion. B．By explaining the origin of the organization. C．By enhancing young people’s academic skills. D．By motivating the youth to make a difference. 10．Why does the author give the examples in the last paragraph? A．To illustrate the value of each individual. B．To demonstrate the significance of teamwork. C．To make a comment about some acts of kindness. D．To inspire young people to reflect on wrongdoings. 11．What does the author suggest people do? A．Join Roots & Shoots. B．Break open walls. C．Resolve world issues. D．Pull their own weight. 【答案速查】8．B 9．D 10．A 11．D 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人们常有的“唯我主义”心态，认为个人的小动作对世界微乎其微。然而文章通过Roots & Shoots组织的创立强调了每个人都很重要，鼓励年轻人为了环境、动物和社区采取行动。文章最后提出，每个人的小善举都能让世界变得更美好，呼吁大家积极参与，共同创造一个美好的未来。 8．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“But just think of all the millions of people saying to themselves, “It doesn’t matter, it’s just me.” Millions of gallons of water would be wasted; millions of pieces of litter would be dropped. And all of this would be very harmful.”（但想想那些成千上万的人对自己说：“没关系，只有我这样。”数百万加仑的水将被浪费；数以百万计的垃圾将被丢弃。所有这些都是非常有害的。）可知，第一段主要讲的是“唯我主义”的负面影响。故选B项。 9．推理判断题。根据第二段“To inspire young people to take action for the environment, animals and their community, Roots & Shoots was established in the early 1990s by Dr. Jane Goodall, a world’s well-known environmental scientist. Besides her research, she has been whole-heartedly committed to environmental protection.”（为了激励年轻人为环境、动物和他们的社区采取行动，Roots & Shoots组织由世界知名环境科学家简·古道尔博士于20世纪90年代初创立。在科研之余，她一直致力于环境保护事业。）可推知，Roots & Shoots通过激励年轻人做出改变来帮助保护环境。故选D项。 10．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“One cheered-up person, one happy dog, one flowering plant, and you. That’s what Roots & Shoots is all about. Dr.Jane Goodall believes that the most important thing is that every individual matters.”（一个快乐的人，一只快乐的狗，一株开花的植物，还有你。这就是“Roots & Shoots”的宗旨。简·古道尔博士认为，最重要的是每个人都很重要。）可推知，作者在最后一段给出了这些例子是为了说明每个人的价值。故选A项。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“You get to choose: Do you want to make the world a better place? Do you want to make Roots & Shoots rooted in everyone’s heart? Do you want to be part of a community for a shared future? You cannot be absent.”（你可以选择：你想让世界变得更美好吗？你想让Roots & Shoots在每个人心中扎根吗？你想成为命运共同体的一份子吗？你不能缺席。）可推知，作者建议人们做好本职工作。故选D项。 ( 1.s uffer v. 遭受 2.l itter n. 垃圾 3.b othered adj. 烦恼的 4.h armful adj. 有害的 5.i nspire v. 激励 6.e stablished v. 成立 7.c ommitted adj. 致力于 8.f oundation n. 基础 9.i ndividual n. 个人 10.s ignificance n. 重要性 ) （四） （2024·山西运城·二模）The introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) is a significant part of the digital transformation bringing challenges and changes to the job descriptions among management. A study shows that integrating AI systems into service teams increases demands on middle management in the financial services field. Interviewed in the study were 25 experienced managers employed by a leading Scandinavian financial services company. AI systems have been intensely integrated into the tasks and processes of the company in recent years. The results showed that the integration of AI systems into service teams is a complex phenomenon, putting new demands on the work of middle management and requiring a balanced act in the face of new challenges. “The productivity of work grows when routine tasks are passed on to AI. On the other hand, the fast pace of change makes work more demanding, and the integration of AI makes it necessary to learn new things constantly. Surprisingly, new kinds of routine work also increase, because the operations of AI need to be monitored and checked,” says Assistant Professor Jonna Koponen. According to the results of the research, the social features of middle management also changed, because the AI systems used at work were seen either as technical tools or colleagues, depending on the type of AI that was used. Especially when more developed types of AI, such as chatting robots, were included in the AI systems, they were seen as colleagues. Integrating AI also poses ethical (道德上的) challenges, and managers devoted more of their time to ethical considerations. For example, they were concerned about the fairness of decisions made by AI. Aspects observed in the study showed that managing service teams with integrated AI requires new skills and knowledge of middle management, such as technological understanding and skills, interactive skills and emotional intelligence, problem-solving skills, and the ability to manage and adapt to continuous change. “AI systems cannot yet take over all human management in areas such as the motivation and inspiration of team members. This is why skills in interaction and empathy (同理心) should be emphasized when selecting new employees for managerial positions which emphasize the management of teams integrated with AI,” Koponen says. 12．What does the study find? A．AI becomes less popular in the service field. B．AI makes decisions more fairly than humans. C．AI proves human management is unnecessary. D．AI makes middle management more demanding. 13．What’s Jonna Koponen’s attitude to integrating AI systems into service teams? A．Unmentioned. B．Opposed. C．Objective. D．Indifferent. 14．Which of the following shows Jonna Koponen’s opinion? A．AI can’t replace human mangers completely. B．Few managers in the service field are needed. C．Employees for managerial positions dislike AI. D．AI devotes more time to ethical considerations. 15．What is the main idea of the text? A．The integration of AI into service teams is hard. B．AI takes over human management in many fields. C．AI and human managers are a perfect combination. D．The application of AI influences middle management. 【答案速查】12．D 13．C 14．A 15．D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了人工智能（AI）的引入对中层管理工作带来的挑战和变化，以及中层管理者需要具备的新技能和知识。 12．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“A study shows that integrating AI systems into service teams increases demands on middle management in the financial services field.”（一项研究表明，将人工智能系统集成到服务团队中增加了金融服务领域对中层管理的需求）可推知，AI使中层管理更具挑战性。故选D。 13．推理判断题。根据第四段“The productivity of work grows when routine tasks are passed on to AI. On the other hand, the fast pace of change makes work more demanding, and the integration of AI makes it necessary to learn new things constantly. Surprisingly, new kinds of routine work also increase, because the operations of AI need to be monitored and checked,” says Assistant Professor Jonna Koponen.”（当日常任务传递给人工智能时，工作的生产力就会提高。另一方面，快速的变化使工作要求更高，而人工智能的集成使不断学习新事物成为必要。令人惊讶的是，新型的日常工作也在增加，因为人工智能的操作需要监控和检查，”助理教授Jonna Koponen说）可知，Jonna Koponen认为将人工智能系统运用到服务团队中有利有弊。由此可推断，Jonna Koponen的态度是“客观的”。故选C。 14．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“AI systems cannot yet take over all human management in areas such as the motivation and inspiration of team members.”（AI系统还不能完全接管人类在激励和启发团队成员等方面的管理。）可知，Jonna Koponen认为AI不能完全替代人类管理者。故选A。 15．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“The introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) is a significant part of the digital transformation bringing challenges and changes to the job descriptions among management. A study shows that integrating AI systems into service teams increases demands on middle management in the financial services field.”（人工智能（AI）的引入是数字化转型的重要组成部分，给管理层的工作描述带来了挑战和变化。一项研究表明，将人工智能系统集成到服务团队中增加了金融服务领域对中层管理的需求。）可知，本文主要介绍了将人工智能系统融合到金融服务业对中层管理产生的影响。故选D。 ( 原句 On the other hand, the fast pace of change makes work more demanding, and the integration of AI makes it necessary to learn new things constantly. 译文 另一方面，快速的变化使工作要求更高，而人工智能的集成使不断学习新事物成为必要。 分析 主句: On the other hand, the fast pace of change makes work more demanding | +--[并列句: and the integration of AI makes it necessary to learn new things constantly] | +--[ 形式宾语：it 真正宾语 : to learn new things constantly] ) ( 1. transformation n. 转型 2. crucial adj. 关键的 3. integrate v. 整合 4. challenging adj. 具有挑战性的 5. phenomenon n. 现象 6. productivity n. 生产力 7. monitor v. 监控 8. colleague n. 同事 9. ethical adj. 道德的 10. empathy n. 同理心 ) （五） （2024·四川成都·模拟预测）Tips for Positive Thinking When Depressed If you’re wondering how to become more positive when depressed, you may need some actionable tips to get started. 16 Keep a positive journal. Positive thoughts can be few and far between when you have depression. 17 Even if it’s something as small as seeing a beautiful flower or receiving a supportive text from a friend, keep a record of your better moments. 18 Next time you feel hopeless in the face of difficulties, imagine the most positive outcome. For example, you might dislike having depression, but imagine that one day you could use your story to help others — to start a support group or write a book. Ask yourself if your negative beliefs are really true. Next time you observe a negative thought entering your mind, ask yourself: “Is there basis for this thought?” For example, has anyone ever told you that you were a terrible friend apart from yourself? 19 What about all the times you’ve been supportive or helpful to the people in your life? Hold your negative thoughts up for inspection and you’ll soon see which are worth your attention. 20 During depression, however, it often feels easier to hide under your covers and let the negative thoughts takeover than try to change your patterns. Try to challenge yourself during your stronger moments to try to find something to feel positive about. A．How might that feel? B．Here are some ideas. C．Adjust mood to get a positive result. D．Building healthy habits can be hard at the best of times. E．If so, is that person’s opinion the only one you truly value? F．Take a challenging situation and imagine the most positive outcome. G．So each time a happy or hopeful thought comes into your head, write it down. 【答案速查】16．B 17．G 18．F 19．E 20．D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了抑郁时积极思考的一些建议。 16．前文“If you’re wondering how to become more positive when depressed, you may need some actionable tips to get started. (如果你想知道如何在抑郁时变得更积极，你可能需要一些可行的建议来开始)”提到在抑郁时变得更积极需要可行的建议，后文段落具体介绍了这些建议，空处应该指出有这样一些建议，因此B项“Here are some ideas. (这里有一些想法)”符合语境，承上启下。故选B。 17．段首句“Keep a positive journal. (坚持写积极向上的日记)”建议记录积极向上的想法，前文“Positive thoughts can be few and far between when you have depression. (当你抑郁时，积极的想法可能很少)”提到抑郁时积极的想法会很少，后文“Even if it’s something as small as seeing a beautiful flower or receiving a supportive text from a friend, keep a record of your better moments. (即使是看到一朵美丽的花或收到朋友的支持短信这样的小事，也要记录下你的美好时刻)”具体指出很美好的小事也值得记录，空处应该是建议及时记录下那些积极的想法，因此G项“So each time a happy or hopeful thought comes into your head, write it down. (所以每当一个快乐或充满希望的想法进入你的脑海时，把它写下来)”符合语境，呼应段首句，承上启下。故选G。 18．根据后文“Next time you feel hopeless in the face of difficulties, imagine the most positive outcome. For example, you might dislike having depression, but imagine that one day you could use your story to help others—to start a support group or write a book. (下次当你在困难面前感到绝望时，想象一下最积极的结果。例如，你可能不喜欢抑郁，但想象有一天你可以用你的故事来帮助别人——成立一个支持小组或写一本书)”可知，本段主要建议想象一下最积极的结果，空处位于段首，是段落主旨句，应该与此相关，且需和其他段首句一样使用祈使句的形式。因此F项“Take a challenging situation and imagine the most positive outcome. (面对一个具有挑战性的情况，想象最积极的结果)”符合语境，可统领段落内容。故选F。 19．前文“Next time you observe a negative thought entering your mind, ask yourself: “Is there basis for this thought?” For example, has anyone ever told you that you were a terrible friend apart from yourself? (下次当你看到一个消极的想法进入你的脑海时，问问自己：“这个想法有根据吗”例如，除了你自己，有没有人告诉过你，你是一个糟糕的朋友)”建议在有消极的想法时，质疑自己的想法，向自己提问，后文“What about all the times you’ve been supportive or helpful to the people in your life? (那你在生活中支持或帮助别人的时候呢)”依然是提问的问题，空处应该也是一个向自己提问的问题，因此E项“If so, is that person’s opinion the only one you truly value? (如果是这样，那个人的意见是你唯一真正看重的吗)”符合语境，承接前一句中的问题。故选E。 20．根据后文“During depression, however, it often feels easier to hide under your covers and let the negative thoughts takeover than try to change your patterns. Try to challenge yourself during your stronger moments to try to find something to feel positive about. (然而，在抑郁期间，躲在被子里让消极的想法接管比尝试改变你的模式更容易。在你情绪较好的时候，试着挑战自己，试着找到一些让你感到积极的事情)”可知，本段主要指出在抑郁期间改变自己很困难，应在情绪较好时去找让自己感到积极的事情，空处作为段首句，应该与养成积极想法很困难相关，因此D项“Building healthy habits can be hard at the best of times. (即使在最好的时候，养成健康的习惯也很难)”符合语境，契合后文内容。故选D。 ( 原句 During depression, however, it often feels easier to hide under your covers and let the negative thoughts takeover than try to change your patterns. 译文 然而，在抑郁期间，躲在被子里让消极的想法接管比尝试改变你的模式更容易。 分析 主句: +--[状语: During depression, however] | +--[主句: it often feels easier to hide under your covers and let the negative thoughts takeover] | +--[主语: it] | +--[谓语: often feels easier] | | +--[不定式短语: to hide under your covers and let the negative thoughts takeover] | +--[并列结构: to hide under your covers and let the negative thoughts takeover] | | | +--[不定式短语: to hide under your covers] | | | | | +--[不定式短语: let the negative thoughts takeover] | | | +--[比较状语从句: than try to change your patterns] | | | +--[从句: try to change your patterns] ) ( 1. actionable adj. 可操作的 2. affirmation n. 积极肯定 3. depression n. 抑郁症 4. supportive adj. 支持的 5. envision v. 设想 6. outcome n. 结果 7. negative adj. 消极的 8. basis n. 基础 9. inspection n. 检查 10. empathy n. 同理心 ) （六） （2024·湖南衡阳·模拟预测）My family always had various animals around, but I never had one that truly belonged to me. My parents didn’t permit me to 21 my own until I was nine years old. Finally, I was 22 to have my own 23 , a fish called Mark. I told my parents that it was my responsibility to 24 it. Every Saturday, I would clean out his bowl. I found myself 25 invitations from my friends to go somewhere immediately after school, because I would have to feed my fish first. Every day he would remind me that I was 26 and that I had someone relying on me. One day, I came home from school and headed to my room to 27 Mark. I found a 28 thing had happened. I 29 my bag and ran over to the bowl. I saw my best friend Mark floating around, lifeless. I couldn’t believe what I was seeing. My mom walked into my room. I turned around as tears started to well in my eyes. “Mommy, Mark died!” With that 30 word I started crying uncontrollably. My mom came to my side as I hid my face in my pillows. After a while, I suddenly realized that Mark hadn’t just 31 me. He had taught me what 32 meant. I learned it through feeding him and cleaning his bowl. This made me feel 33 . To my nine-year-old self, this was a great 34 . Slowly, a smile crossed my face. Mark was gone. 35 , the lessons he taught me would forever be carved into my memory. 21．A．draw B．keep C．imagine D．share 22．A．doubtful B．surprised C．excited D．afraid 23．A．room B．pet C．time D．mind 24．A．get hold of B．make use of C．look after D．play with 25．A．turning down B．putting away C．asking for D．showing off 26．A．needed B．recognized C．scolded D．replaced 27．A．save B．wash C．impress D．feed 28．A．basic B．familiar C．magical D．terrible 29．A．emptied B．dropped C．grabbed D．checked 30．A．last B．common C．extra D．simple 31．A．defeated B．reminded C．left D．chosen 32．A．preference B．responsibility C．humanity D．independence 33．A．safe B．tired C．sorry D．good 34．A．achievement B．treatment C．disappointment D．agreement 35．A．Otherwise B．Besides C．Therefore D．However 【答案速查】21．B 22．C 23．B 24．C 25．A 26．A 27．D 28．D 29．B 30．A 31．C 32．B 33．D 34．A 35．D 【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在作者9岁的时候，父母允许作者养了一条名为Mark的鱼。作者觉得照顾好这条鱼是他的责任。后来Mark死了，但是它教会了作者什么是责任。 21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我父母直到我九岁才允许我养自己的动物。A. draw画，描绘；B. keep养，饲养；C. imagine想象；D. share分享。根据上文“but I never had one that truly belonged to me.”可知，作者从没有属于自己的宠物，故此处指直到九岁时父母才允许作者养宠物，故选B。 22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最后，我很高兴有了自己的宠物，一条叫Mark的鱼。A. doubtful怀疑的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. excited兴奋的；D. afraid害怕的。根据“to have my own _____3_____, a fish called Mark”可知，有了宠物，作者应是感觉兴奋，故选C。 23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. room房间；B. pet宠物；C. time时间；D. mind头脑。根据“a fish called Mark”可知，鱼是作者的宠物，故选B。 24．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我告诉父母照看它是我的责任。A. get hold of获得；B. make use of利用；C. look after照顾；D. play with和……玩耍。根据下文“Every Saturday, I would clean out his bowl.”以及“because I would have to feed my fish first”可知，作者清洗碗和给鱼喂食，照顾鱼是作者的责任，故选C。 25．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我发现自己会拒绝朋友们放学后马上去某地的邀请，因为我得先喂鱼。A. turning down拒绝；B. putting away收起，放好；C. asking for要求；D. showing off炫耀。根据“because I would have to feed my fish first”可知，作者先要喂鱼，所以拒绝朋友们的邀约，故选A。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每天他都会提醒我，有人需要我，有人依靠着我。A. needed需要；B. recognized认出，识别；C. scolded责骂；D. replaced替代。根据上文“I would have to feed my fish first”和空后“I had someone relying on me”可知，作者要给鱼喂食，故鱼需要作者，依赖作者，故选A。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天，我从学校回到家，去我的房间喂Mark。A. save救；B. wash洗；C. impress给……留下深刻印象；D. feed喂食。根据上文“…after school, because I would have to feed my fish first”可知，作者放学后先去喂鱼，故选D。 28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我发现发生了一件可怕的事情。A. basic基本的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. magical有魔力的；D. terrible可怕的。根据下文“I saw my best friend Mark floating around, lifeless.(我看到我最好的朋友Mark漂浮着，没有生命)”可知，作者发现了一件可怕的事情，故选D。 29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我扔下书包，跑到碗边。A. emptied清空；B. dropped放下；C. grabbed抓住；D. checked检查。根据上文“I came home from school and headed to my room”和空后“ran over to the bowl”可知，作者放学回家后去房间喂鱼时发现鱼死了，故是放下书包跑去查看，故选B。 30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：说完最后一个字，我不由自主地哭了起来。A. last最后的；B. common普通的；C. extra额外的；D. simple简单的。根据“Mommy, Mark died!”可知，作者说完这句话就哭了，故选A。 31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：过了一会儿，我突然意识到Mark并没有离开我。A. defeated打败；B. reminded提醒；C. left离开；D. chosen选择。根据下文内容以及文章后一句“the lessons he taught me would forever be carved into my memory(他教给我的教训将永远铭刻在我的记忆中)”可知，Mark虽然死了，但他教会作者什么是责任，故他并没有离开，故选C。 32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他教会了我什么是责任。A. preference偏爱；B. responsibility责任；C. humanity人性；D. independence独立。根据第一段中“I told my parents that it was my responsibility to _____4_____ it.”以及下文“I learned it through feeding him and cleaning his bowl.(我是通过喂他吃饭和给他洗碗学会的)”可知，作者通过照顾鱼学会了什么是责任，故选B。 33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这让我感觉很好。A. safe安全的；B. tired累的；C. sorry抱歉的；D. good好的。作者学会了什么是责任，这是一件好事，故选D。 34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对9岁的我来说，这是一个伟大的成就。A. achievement成就；B. treatment对待；C. disappointment失望；D. agreement协议。根据上文“He had taught me what 12 meant. I learned it through feeding him and cleaning his bowl.”可知，作者学会什么是责任，这对9岁的作者来说是一项伟大的成就，故选A。 35．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，他教给我的教训将永远铭刻在我的记忆中。A. Otherwise否则；B. Besides此外；C. Therefore因此；D. However然而。上文“Mark was gone.(Mark走了)”和空后“the lessons he taught me would forever be carved into my memory(他教给我的教训将永远铭刻在我的记忆中)”是转折关系，故选D。 ( 1. various adj. 各种各样的 2. permit v. 允许 3. responsibility n. 责任 4. rely v. 依赖 5. lifeless adj. 无生命的 6. uncontrollably adv. 不可控制地 7. realize v. 意识到 8. carve v. 雕刻 9. doubtful adj. 怀疑的 10. achievement n. 成就 ) （一） （2023·天津·高考真题）STUDENT EMPLOYMENT ON CAMPUS All students may apply to work on campus. Getting started Before starting any position, all students need to complete required taforms and show identification. International students also need: *Social Security card        *Bank  account *Valid  passport          *Official work permit *Letter of support from the office of International Student Life Looking for a job on Handshake Handshake is an online job search platform for college students. With a Handshake account, students can receive information about career events and personalized job recommendations. To use Handshake, just follow these steps: *Log in to Handshake using your email address already provided by the college. *Complete personalization of your profile. *Start your job search by clicking “Jobs” button. *Fill out desired information:location, job type, etc. *Apply directly by clicking “Apply Now” button. You can also make appointments to meet with a career coach, access career resources, and explore careers that interest you. On-campus jobs available for students *Academic department assistant (Flexible working hours on Monday/Thursday) *Dining services (Lunchtime on weekdays) *Library assistant (Flexible working hours on Monday/Wednesday/Friday) *Bookstore/mailroom(9:00-12:00 at weekends) *Athletic department (18:00-22:00 on weekdays) Maximum working hours *During the semester (学期), domestic students can work a maximum of 10 hours a week; international students can work a maximum of 20 hours a week. *During the summer break,a student may not work more than 30 hours a week. *The total number of hours may not exceed (超过) the maximum hours allowed even if a student has more than one job. For more information, find us at Career Development Office, 211Hughes Hall; careerdevelopment@dreamcollege.edu, 555-520-1314 1．What documents are necessary for an international student to seek employment? A．Passport and Insurance Certificate. B．Work permit and Academic report. C．Bank account and Letter of support. D．Health Certificate and Social Security card. 2．Before searching for a job on Handshake, you need to_________. A．consult a career coach B．personalize your profile C．attend job training D．set up a new email account 3．Where could you work on Tuesday evenings? A．In the athletic department. B．In the dining hall. C．In the library. D．In the bookstore. 4．Which working arrangement is allowed for a domestic student? A．40 hours per week during the summer break. B．20 hours per week during the semester. C．2 jobs, each with 16 hours per week. D．3 jobs, each with 2 hours per week. 5．Where is the passage probably taken from? A．A university website. B．A course guide. C．A summer camp notice. D．A business magazine. 【答案速查】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．A 【语篇解读】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了学生在校园里做兼职的一些情况。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“International students also need:*Social Security card*Bank  account*Valid  passport*Official work permit*Letter of support from the office of International Student Life(国际学生还需要：* 社会保障卡 * 银行账户 * 有效护照 * 正式工作许可证 * 国际学生生活办公室的介绍信)”可知，国际学生寻找工作需要银行账户和介绍信。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据Looking for a job on Handshake部分下的“To use Handshake, just follow these steps:*Log in to Handshake using your email address already provided by the college.*Complete personalization of your profile.*Start your job search by clicking “Jobs” button.(要使用Handshake，只需遵循以下步骤：* 使用学院提供的电子邮件地址登录到Handshake。* 使你的个人资料完全个性化。* 点击“职位”按钮开始搜寻工作。)”可知，在Handshake上寻找工作之前，你需要使你的个人资料完全个性化。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据Maximum working hours上面的句子“*Athletic department (18:00-22:00 on weekdays)(* 体育部（工作日下午18时至22时）)”可知，在周二晚上你可以在体育部工作，故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据Maximum working hours下面的“During the semester (学期), domestic students can work a maximum of 10 hours a week; international students can work a maximum of 20 hours a week.(本学期国内学生每周最多工作10小时，国际学生每周最多工作20小时。)”和“The total number of hours may not exceed (超过) the maximum hours allowed even if a student has more than one job.(即使一个学生有一份以上的工作，总学时也不得超过规定的最高学时。)”可知，即使国内学生有多份工作，每周最多工作总量不得超过10个小时，所以D项“3份工作，每份每周工作2小时。”是被允许的，总共3*2=6，不超过十小时，故选D。 5．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“All students may apply to work on campus.(所有学生都可以申请到校园工作。)”可知，文章主要介绍了在校生可以在子校园申请兼职工作，由此可推知，本文可能选自大学网站，故选A。 （二） （2022·浙江·高考真题）Many people believe that working to the maximum is the secret to success, but research has found that moderation(适度) also gets results on the job. In a study led by Ellen Langer of Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate sentences into a new made-up language. Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than those who practiced extensively or not at all. High levels of knowledge can make people too attached to traditional ways of viewing problems across fields the arts, sciences, and politics. High conscientiousness is related to lower job performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesn’t pay to be a perfectionist. How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are under careful examination in many workplaces. The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office. “People from cultures that value relationships more than ours does are shocked by the thought of eating alone in front of a computer”, says Art Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas, Austin. Social interaction has been shown to lift mood(情绪) and get people thinking in new directions and in ways that could help improve any post-lunch effort. Markman also promotes off-task time. “Part of being a good thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly unrelated to what you are working on at the moment but give you fresh ideas about your work,” he says. “Also, there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity. So, when people do things to increase their life satisfaction, they also make themselves more effective at work.” 6．What does Ellen Langer’s study show? A．It is worthwhile to be a perfectionist B．Translation makes people knowledgeable. C．Simpler jobs require greater caution. D．Moderate effort produces the best result. 7．The underlined word “go-getter” in paragraph 3 refers to someone Who_______. A．is good at handling pressure B．works hard to become successful C．a has a natural talent for his job. D．gets on well with his co-workers 8．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．A good thinker is able to inspire other people. B．Experience unrelated to your job is useless. C．A cheerful mood helps make a creative mind. D．Focusing on what you do raises productivity. 9．What does the text seem to advocate? A．Middle-of-the-road work habits. B．Balance between work and family. C．Long-standing cultural traditions. D．Harmony in the work environment. 【答案速查】6．D 7．B 8．C 9．A 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了许多人认为工作到最大限度是成功的秘诀，但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果。所以要适度工作，工作时要有积极的情绪，这会让自己在工作中更有效率。 6．推理判断题。根据第一段“Many people believe that working to the maximum is the secret to success, but research has found that moderation(适度) also gets results on the job.(许多人认为工作到最大限度是成功的秘诀，但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果。)”和第二段中“In a study led by Ellen Langer of Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate sentences into a new a made-up language. Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than those who practiced extensively or not at all.(在哈佛大学Ellen Langer领导的一项研究中，研究人员要求人们将句子翻译成一种新的虚构的语言。那些事先适度练习这门语言的受试者比那些全力练习或根本不练习的受试者犯的错误要少。)”可知，第一段提出主题，即适度的工作也会带来成果，接着第二段作者用Ellen Langer的研究来证明这一点，由此可推知，Ellen Langer的研究表明适度的努力会产生最好的结果。故选D。 7．词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office.(而他那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事们则在角落办公室里得到不屑的目光。)”可知，while前后是对比关系，那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事会得到别人不屑的目光，即被认为不努力工作，相反，那些在办公桌前吃午饭的年轻银行家可能被视为是一个努力工作以求成功的人，由此可知，划线单词go-getter，指的是那些努力工作以求成功的人，故选B。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Also, there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity.(此外，许多研究表明，积极的情绪能够提高生产力和创造力。 )”可知，积极的情绪能够提高生产力和创造力，由此可推知，愉快的心情有助于创造性思维。故选C。 9．推理判断题。根据第一段中“but research has found that moderation(适度) also gets results on the job.(但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果)”和第二段中“High conscientiousness is related to lower job performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesn’t pay to be a perfectionist.(高尽责性与低工作表现有关，尤其是在简单的工作中，追求完美并不值得。)”可知，文章主要介绍研究表明适度的工作也会带来成果，所以文章提倡适度工作，即中庸的工作习惯。故选A。 （三） （2023·全国甲卷）Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There is one answer. 10 . In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks. ●Practice gratitude (感激) Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic. 11 . “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. ● Make yourself wait Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. 12 . Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations. ● 13 . So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “ 14 .” You’ll then gradually become more patient. A．Find your causes B．Start with small tasks C．Accept the uncomfortable D．All this adds up to a state of hurry E．It can also help us practice more patience F．This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable G．They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience 【答案速查】10．G 11．E 12．B 13．C 14．F 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了变得耐心的一些方法。 10．根据上文“Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There’s one answer. (这里有一个谜语：交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期开始有什么共同之处？答案只有一个)”可知，本句说明上文谜语的答案，结合“交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期”这些情况可知都需要耐心。故G选项“在这些情况下，我们都需要一点额外的耐心”符合语境，故选G。 11．根据上文“Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.(感恩有很多好处：研究表明，感恩让我们更快乐，压力更小，甚至更乐观)”以及后文““Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. (加州大学的研究员叶丽说：“表达感激可以培养自我控制能力。”)”可知，上文提到了感恩的诸多好处，可知本句继续说明感恩的好处：它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心。E选项中It指代上文Thankfulness。故E选项“它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心”符合语境，故选E。 12．根据上文“And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. (我们养成等待习惯的唯一方法就是练习)”以及后文“Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. (把你最喜欢的节目推迟到周末再看，或者多等10分钟再去吃蛋糕)”可知，后文列举的事情都是日常的小事，说明要从小事开始练习等待，故B选项“从小任务开始”符合语境，故选B。 13．根据本段内容“So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. (我们中的许多人都认为舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们会对环境失去耐心)”可知，本段提到了舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，结合前文的小标题都是祈使句可知，本段的主旨与接受不舒适相关，C选项中uncomfortable对应后文comfortable。故C选项“接受不舒服”符合语境，故选C。 14．根据上文“You should learn to say to yourself (你应该学会对自己说……)”以及后文“You’ll then gradually become more patient. (然后你会逐渐变得更有耐心)”结合本段主要说明的是不舒服的状态，可知，本句为对自己所说的话与接受不舒服相关，故F选项“这仅仅是不舒服，而不是无法忍受”符合语境，故选F。 Task 1 本专题的主题语境是“人与自我”，话题是“做人与做事”，与学生们的日常生活和学习密切相关，旨在帮助学生们更好地做人和做事。请选择一篇你感兴趣的阅读语篇，尝试用思维导图绘制出文章脉络吧！ 思维导图参考 高考真题演练（二）2022·浙江阅读理解 Task 2 （2024·河北保定·二模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 “Dear Jenny, I am really sorry to tell you that you didn’t get the position this time. The interviewers had a discussion about you. You have a very good experience, but you are not qualified for this position. The journalist we want is to communicate with people from walks of life, so you should be more sociable and more energetic. So, sorry.” Actually, such was not quite new to Jenny and this was the third time that she had been rejected for a job position after her graduation from university as a top student. Overwhelmed (淹没) with sadness, she lifted her hands to cover her face. Her heart was broken with self-doubt whether she was never good enough to fit in with the highly competitive adult world. It seemed that the excellence she displayed at school was nothing but illusion. “Maybe I should quit applying for that demanding job,” Jenny whispered to herself. Sensing something wrong, Jenny’s father, James, said to his daughter, “Congratulations on your graduation, and time to enjoy your youth. In celebration of your new life, I’d like to give you something special. Here is a car that I acquired many years ago. But before I give it to you, take it to the used car lot downtown and tell them you want to sell it and see how much they offer you.” Unwilling as Jenny was, she went to the used car lot and they offered her only one thousand dollars because the car looked very worn out. With that offer, she returned back to her father and out of her expectation, this time her father told her to take this car to a pawnshop (当铺). Confused, Jenny went to the pawnshop where they should have offered her ten thousand dollars as her father’s car looked a little bit old to them. “Maybe it is a perfect deal!” thought Jenny. But then, the father advised his daughter to keep trying and go to a car club and show them the car. The daughter took the car to the club, and then, breathtakingly, something magic happened. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 People there willingly offered one hundred thousand dollars for the same car. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Wearing a satisfied smile, James said, “They identified it as an expensive car.” ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案： 【范文】 People there willingly offered one hundred thousand dollars for the same car. Shocked, Jenny couldn’t believe what was happening in front of her. Ideas and questions came to mind, so she asked herself, “How could the prices be so different at different places? Are these guys out of mind to buy such a worn-out car?” Without any clues, she dashed back to her father and couldn’t wait to make out the truth. So she told James what had happened in the car club. Wearing a satisfied smile, James said, “They identified it as an expensive car.” In fact, never had people in the used car lot and the pawnshop recognized the value under the broken cover. Patting gently on Jenny’s shoulder, James said, “I want you to know that you are not worth anything if you are not in a right place. Don’t stay where your value goes unnoticed.” With moved tears in her eyes, Jenny understood she should know her worth and surround herself with those who could recognize it and that the true value would shine only when she was in the right environment. She knew clearly what to do next. 【语篇解读】本文以人物为线索展开，主要讲述了Jenny在求职过程中连续三次被拒绝，感到自我怀疑和绝望。她的父亲James为了帮助她认识到自己的价值，让她将一辆看似破旧的车带到不同的场所估价。首先在二手车市场，车被估价为一千美元，然后在当铺，估价为一万美元，Jenny觉得这个价格很棒，但James鼓励她再去汽车俱乐部看看这辆车的估价，然后神奇的事情发生了。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“那里的人愿意出10万美元买同样的车”可知，第一段可描写Jenny对此感到震惊和困惑，以及她回去和父亲讲述这件事。 ②由第二段首句内容“James带着满意的微笑说：‘他们认定那是一辆昂贵的车。’”可知，第二段可描写父亲教导Jenny，像这辆车一样，她的价值取决于她所在的环境，以及Jenny从这件事中得到感悟，明白自己该怎么做。 2. 续写线索：俱乐部出价10万美元——Jenny震惊和困惑——Jenny告诉James情况——James回答——James开导Jenny—Jenny的感悟 3. 词汇激活 行为类 ①购买：buy/purchase ②冲，奔：dash/run/rush ③弄清楚：make out/figure out/work out ④意识到：recognize/realize 情绪类 ①震惊的：shocked/astonished/surprised ②受感动的：moved/touched 【点睛】[高分句型1] So she told James what had happened in the car club. (what引导宾语从句) [高分句型2] In fact, never had people in the used car lot and the pawnshop recognized the value under the broken cover. (否定词never置于句首引起句子部分倒装) [高分句型3] I want you to know that you are not worth anything if you are not in a right place. (that引导宾语从句、if引导条件状语从句) ( 4 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$