专题16 全国甲卷阅读理解B篇核心词汇及长难句分解与提升训练 导学案-2025届高三英语一轮复习

2024年高考英语真题核心词汇及长难句 逐题分解与提升训练 专题16 新高考Ⅱ卷：阅读理解B篇 Ⅰ.通读真题原文 Ⅱ.提取核心词汇 Ш.剖析长难句子 Ⅳ.打靶提升训练 【通读真题原文】 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了猫通过叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物来表达需求、评估环境和展示爱意。 原文再现 参考译文 Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help,  scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed. Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like. Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it! 4．What can be learned about cats' meowing from the first paragraph? A．It's a survival skill. B．It's taught by mother cats. C．It's hard to interpret. D．It's getting louder with age. 5．How does a pet cat assess different situations? A．By listening for sounds. B．By touching familiar objects. C．By checking on smells. D．By communicating with other cats. 6．Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 3? A．Perform appropriately. B．Move faster. C．Act strangely. D．Do better. 7．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B．Understanding Your Cat's Behavior C．Have Fun with Your Cat D．How to Keep Your Cat Healthy 动物可以通过多种方式表达自己的需求。例如，几乎所有的动物都有不同的声音，它们依靠这些声音来寻求帮助、吓跑任何危险的动物或寻找庇护所。但猫是一种特殊的生物，拥有惊人的发声技能。它们能够用喵喵声与人类进行完整的对话，你也可以解读它。如果宠物猫饿了，它会一直喵喵叫，以吸引注意力并寻找食物。然而，当猫在寻找感情时，它们往往会发出伸展而柔软的喵喵声。小猫一出生就开始喵喵叫，并用它来引起妈妈的注意和喂食。 猫有许多高度的感官，但它们的嗅觉非常令人印象深刻。它们用鼻子来评估周围的环境，并注意任何危险的迹象。在选择放松的地方之前，他们会先嗅出特定的区域。然而，猫能够区分不同情况的另一种方式是寻找熟悉的气味。你的猫可能会闻到你的脸，并将气味储存在记忆中，以便将来认出你。这就是为什么大多数宠物猫能够立即分辨出它们的主人是否在其他猫身边，而它们通常不喜欢这些猫。 狗以其令人印象深刻的吸引人的习惯而闻名，但猫将这种行为提升了一个档次。许多猫会在外面找到随机物品，并把它们带给主人。这是一种非常古老的习惯，存在于各种食肉动物中。猫会给主人带礼物来表达他们对你的爱。这些可爱的小猎人只是在做一些自古以来就属于他们的事情。所以，就跟着它走吧！ 4.从第一段可以了解到猫喵喵叫的什么？ A.这是一种生存技能。 B.这是猫妈妈教的。 C.很难解释。 D.随着年龄的增长，声音越来越大。 5.宠物猫如何评估不同的情况？ A.听声音。 B.触摸熟悉的物体。 C.通过检查气味。 D.通过与其他猫交流。 6.哪一项最能解释第3段中的“提升”一词？ A.表现得体。 B.移动得更快。 C.行为怪异。 D.做得更好。 7.文本的合适标题是什么？ A.寻找聪明猫的技巧 B.了解猫的行为 C.和你的猫玩得开心 D.如何保持猫的健康 【提取核心词汇】 distinct adj. 不同的；清楚的，明显的；确切的 creature n. 生物，动物；（具有某种特征的）人 interpret v. 诠释；领会，把…理解为；口译；演绎 stretch v. 伸展；拉紧；绵延，延续；足够买/支付；消耗；使极尽所能, n. 一片；一段时间；舒展；弹性；直道 impressive adj. 令人赞叹的；给人深刻印象的 assess v. 评估；估价；估算 immediately adv. 立即；接近；直接地；紧接地 conj. 即刻 adorable adj. 可爱的；讨人喜爱的 【剖析长难句子】 1. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. 【分析】 1.主句: They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows 谓语: are able to have 宾语: entire conversations with humans using meows 名词短语: entire conversations 介词短语: with humans 状语: using meows 2.并列主句: you're able to interpret it 谓语: are able to interpret 宾语: it 2. That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like. 【分析】 1.主句: That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats 谓语: are able to tell 宾语: if their owners were around any other cats 连词: if 主语: their owners 谓语: were around 宾语: any other cats 2.定语从句: which they don't usually like 连词: which 主语: they 谓语: don't like 宾语: it 【打靶提升训练】 一、单词拼写 1．Modern linguistics (出现) as a distinct field in the nineteenth century. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 2．She touched the creature (温柔地), and it stopped struggling by and by. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 3．There is a (显著的) contrast between the two interpretations. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 4．Don’t forget to stretch and relax your m after running. (根据首字母单词拼写) 5．It’s said that body language for (占……比例) 55 percent of a first impression while what you say just 7 percent. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 6．It is said that several (专家) will come to assess the project. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 7．Anyone caught (作弊) will be immediately disqualified from the exam. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 8．He adores (闲聊)about sports with his friends in his spare time.（根据汉语提示单词拼写） 二、语法填空 9．These animals have a (distinction) ability of protecting themselves from being extinct. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．The fish in the deep ocean are among the strangest creatures in the Earth, many of have yet to be properly studied. (用适当的词填空) 11．A musician usually has his own (interpret) of a piece of music.(所给词的适当形式填空) 12．The scientific literature evaluating these techniques (stretch) back decades and across thousands of articles. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13．The director, (impress) by his performance, decided to have a talk with him. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14．It may take some time before we can make an accurate (assess) of the damage. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．The little boy is so (adore) that we all feel great affection for him. (所给词的适当形式填空) 三、完成句子 16．德国队有明显的优势，因为他们在德国比赛。(distinct) The German team , because they were playing in Germany. 17．首先，想尽一切办法与全球变暖作斗争，全球变暖已经成为海洋生物的巨大威胁。 First, , which has become a great threat to sea creatures. 18．就是在那一刻，我突然读懂了爱。 at that moment I truly interpreted what was love. 19．放下我们的书，不时伸展我们的手臂，每天做一些慢跑和跳跃。 Put down our books to stretch our arms from time to time and and jumping every day. 20．He (富有激情地做演讲), which left us a deep impression. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 21．不管是什么，我知道我需要询问和评估所发生的事。 ，I know I need to inquire and assess what is going on. 22．我突然想到, 我崇拜的乐队第二天将在国家体育场演出。（occur） the band which I adored would perform at the National Stadium the next day. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024年高考英语真题核心词汇及长难句 逐题分解与提升训练 专题16 新高考Ⅱ卷：阅读理解B篇 Ⅰ.通读真题原文 Ⅱ.提取核心词汇 Ш.剖析长难句子 Ⅳ.打靶提升训练 【通读真题原文】 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了猫通过叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物来表达需求、评估环境和展示爱意。 原文再现 参考译文 Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help,  scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed. Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like. Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it! 4．What can be learned about cats' meowing from the first paragraph? A．It's a survival skill. B．It's taught by mother cats. C．It's hard to interpret. D．It's getting louder with age. 5．How does a pet cat assess different situations? A．By listening for sounds. B．By touching familiar objects. C．By checking on smells. D．By communicating with other cats. 6．Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 3? A．Perform appropriately. B．Move faster. C．Act strangely. D．Do better. 7．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B．Understanding Your Cat's Behavior C．Have Fun with Your Cat D．How to Keep Your Cat Healthy 动物可以通过多种方式表达自己的需求。例如，几乎所有的动物都有不同的声音，它们依靠这些声音来寻求帮助、吓跑任何危险的动物或寻找庇护所。但猫是一种特殊的生物，拥有惊人的发声技能。它们能够用喵喵声与人类进行完整的对话，你也可以解读它。如果宠物猫饿了，它会一直喵喵叫，以吸引注意力并寻找食物。然而，当猫在寻找感情时，它们往往会发出伸展而柔软的喵喵声。小猫一出生就开始喵喵叫，并用它来引起妈妈的注意和喂食。 猫有许多高度的感官，但它们的嗅觉非常令人印象深刻。它们用鼻子来评估周围的环境，并注意任何危险的迹象。在选择放松的地方之前，他们会先嗅出特定的区域。然而，猫能够区分不同情况的另一种方式是寻找熟悉的气味。你的猫可能会闻到你的脸，并将气味储存在记忆中，以便将来认出你。这就是为什么大多数宠物猫能够立即分辨出它们的主人是否在其他猫身边，而它们通常不喜欢这些猫。 狗以其令人印象深刻的吸引人的习惯而闻名，但猫将这种行为提升了一个档次。许多猫会在外面找到随机物品，并把它们带给主人。这是一种非常古老的习惯，存在于各种食肉动物中。猫会给主人带礼物来表达他们对你的爱。这些可爱的小猎人只是在做一些自古以来就属于他们的事情。所以，就跟着它走吧！ 4.从第一段可以了解到猫喵喵叫的什么？ A.这是一种生存技能。 B.这是猫妈妈教的。 C.很难解释。 D.随着年龄的增长，声音越来越大。 5.宠物猫如何评估不同的情况？ A.听声音。 B.触摸熟悉的物体。 C.通过检查气味。 D.通过与其他猫交流。 6.哪一项最能解释第3段中的“提升”一词？ A.表现得体。 B.移动得更快。 C.行为怪异。 D.做得更好。 7.文本的合适标题是什么？ A.寻找聪明猫的技巧 B.了解猫的行为 C.和你的猫玩得开心 D.如何保持猫的健康 【提取核心词汇】 distinct adj. 不同的；清楚的，明显的；确切的 creature n. 生物，动物；（具有某种特征的）人 interpret v. 诠释；领会，把…理解为；口译；演绎 stretch v. 伸展；拉紧；绵延，延续；足够买/支付；消耗；使极尽所能, n. 一片；一段时间；舒展；弹性；直道 impressive adj. 令人赞叹的；给人深刻印象的 assess v. 评估；估价；估算 immediately adv. 立即；接近；直接地；紧接地 conj. 即刻 adorable adj. 可爱的；讨人喜爱的 【剖析长难句子】 1. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. 【分析】 1.主句: They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows 谓语: are able to have 宾语: entire conversations with humans using meows 名词短语: entire conversations 介词短语: with humans 状语: using meows 2.并列主句: you're able to interpret it 谓语: are able to interpret 宾语: it 2. That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like. 【分析】 1.主句: That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats 谓语: are able to tell 宾语: if their owners were around any other cats 连词: if 主语: their owners 谓语: were around 宾语: any other cats 2.定语从句: which they don't usually like 连词: which 主语: they 谓语: don't like 宾语: it 【打靶提升训练】 一、单词拼写 1．Modern linguistics (出现) as a distinct field in the nineteenth century. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】emerged 【详解】考查动词、时态。句意：现代语言学在19世纪作为一个独特的领域出现。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，使用动词，根据汉语提示，表示“出现”含义的动词为：emerge，根据时间状语in the nineteenth century可知，句子表示的是过去发生的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时，故填emerged。 2．She touched the creature (温柔地), and it stopped struggling by and by. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 【答案】gently 【详解】考查副词。句意：她温柔地碰了碰那个生物，它渐渐地停止了挣扎。根据汉语提示可知，gently“温柔地”，副词，修饰动词touched，故填gently。 3．There is a (显著的) contrast between the two interpretations. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】striking 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这两种解释之间有明显的对比。形容词striking 意为“显著的”，修饰名词contrast 作定语。故填striking。 4．Don’t forget to stretch and relax your m after running. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】muscles/uscles 【详解】考查名词。句意：跑步后别忘了拉伸和放松你的肌肉。根据句意以及首字母提示可知，此处为复数名词muscles“肌肉”，满足句意要求。故填muscles。 5．It’s said that body language for (占……比例) 55 percent of a first impression while what you say just 7 percent. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】accounts 【详解】考查动词。句意：据说，肢体语言占第一印象的55%，而你说的话只占7%。根据汉语提示“占……比例”可知，此处使用固定短语account for，结合语境可知本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且that引导的主语从句的主语为body language，故谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填accounts。 6．It is said that several (专家) will come to assess the project. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】specialists/experts 【详解】考查名词。句意：据说将有几位专家来评估这个项目。由several修饰，用可数名词specialist或者expert的复数形式在that引导的主语从句中作主语。故填specialists。 7．Anyone caught (作弊) will be immediately disqualified from the exam. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】cheating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：任何被发现作弊的人都将立即被取消考试资格。根据汉语提示“作弊”，以及句子结构可知，要用现在分词表进行，表示“作弊时被抓住”。完整的句子可以是：Anyone who is caught cheating will be immediately disqualified from the exam。这里涉及到catch sb doing sth，抓到某人在做……，应使用现在分词充当补足语。故填cheating。 8．He adores (闲聊)about sports with his friends in his spare time.（根据汉语提示单词拼写） 【答案】Chatting 【详解】考查动词。句意：他喜欢在业余时间和朋友们谈论体育。根据汉语提示“闲聊”，及动词adore后接动名词作宾语，故填chatting。 二、语法填空 9．These animals have a (distinction) ability of protecting themselves from being extinct. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】distinct 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这些动物具有保护自己不被灭绝的独特能力。分析句子结构，空处应用形容词，作定语修饰后面的名词ability。distinct意为“不同的”。故填distinct。 10．The fish in the deep ocean are among the strangest creatures in the Earth, many of have yet to be properly studied. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：深海中的鱼是地球上最奇怪的生物之一，其中许多还有待研究。还有待研究。此处为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词creatures，作介词的宾语，指物，应用which。故填which。 11．A musician usually has his own (interpret) of a piece of music.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】interpretation 【详解】考查名词。句意：音乐家通常对一支乐曲有自己的演奏方式。根据句子分析可知，此处应用名词“interpretation理解，演奏”作宾语。故填interpretation。 12．The scientific literature evaluating these techniques (stretch) back decades and across thousands of articles. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】stretches 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：评估这些技术的科学文献可以追溯到几十年前，有数千篇文章。stretch back追溯到。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语是The scientific literature，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填stretches。 13．The director, (impress) by his performance, decided to have a talk with him. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】impressed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：导演对他的表演印象深刻，决定和他谈一谈。该句的谓语是decided，且无连词，空处应用非谓语动词。动词impress与其逻辑主语The director之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词作状语。故填impressed。 14．It may take some time before we can make an accurate (assess) of the damage. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】assessment 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们可能要花些时间才能对损失作出准确的估计。空处应填名词构成名词所有格，assessment“评估”符合题意，冠词an提示用其单数形式。故填assessment。 15．The little boy is so (adore) that we all feel great affection for him. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】adorable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个小男孩太可爱了，我们都很喜欢他。作表语，应用形容词adorable。故填adorable。 三、完成句子 16．德国队有明显的优势，因为他们在德国比赛。(distinct) The German team , because they were playing in Germany. 【答案】had a distinct advantage 【详解】考查时态和形容词。根据“because they were playing in Germany.”可知，主句陈述过去的事情，为一般过去时，有明显的优势翻译为have a distinct advantage，形容词distinct修饰名词 advantage。 故填had a distinct advantage。 17．首先，想尽一切办法与全球变暖作斗争，全球变暖已经成为海洋生物的巨大威胁。 First, , which has become a great threat to sea creatures. 【答案】try every means to fight against global warming 【详解】考查固定短语和祈使句。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“想尽一切办法与全球变暖作斗争”，“想尽一切办法做某事”是固定短语try every means to do sth.，“与……作斗争”是fight against，“全球变暖”是global warming，句子是祈使句，try用原形，因此空格处是try every means to fight against global warming。故填try every means to fight against global warming。 18．就是在那一刻，我突然读懂了爱。 at that moment I truly interpreted what was love. 【答案】 It was that 【详解】考查强调句。根据句意以及后文的interpreted可知，句子使用的一般过去时。表示“就是在那一刻”用强调句结构即it was at that moment that；同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填It was；that。 19．放下我们的书，不时伸展我们的手臂，每天做一些慢跑和跳跃。 Put down our books to stretch our arms from time to time and and jumping every day. 【答案】do some jogging 【详解】考查动词短语。根据句意可知，此处意为“做一些慢跑”，表达为do some jogging，且根据空前的and可知，此处and连接stretch和do两个动词原形，故填do some jogging。 20．He (富有激情地做演讲), which left us a deep impression. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】delivered a speech with passion 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：他的演讲充满激情，给我们留下了深刻的印象。表示“做演讲”短语为deliver a speech ，结合后文left可知为一般过去时；表示“富有激情地”短语为with passion。故填delivered a speech with passion。 21．不管是什么，我知道我需要询问和评估所发生的事。 ，I know I need to inquire and assess what is going on. 【答案】 Whatever it is 【详解】考查让步状语从句。结合句意可知，前后句有明显的让步含义，whatever可引导让步状语从句，意为“不管是什么”，且位于句首，首字母大写，结合其他汉语提示。故填①Whatever②it③is。 22．我突然想到, 我崇拜的乐队第二天将在国家体育场演出。（occur） the band which I adored would perform at the National Stadium the next day. 【答案】It occurred to me that 【详解】考查固定句型。结合句意表示“某人突然想到”句型为it occurs/occurred to sb. that，结合后文adored可知为一般过去时。故填It occurred to me that。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$