专题11 新高考Ⅱ卷阅读理解D篇核心词汇及长难句分解与提升训练学案-2025届高三英语一轮复习

2024年高考英语真题核心词汇及长难句 逐题分解与提升训练 专题11 新高考Ⅱ卷：阅读理解D篇 Ⅰ.通读真题原文 Ⅱ.提取核心词汇 Ш.剖析长难句子 Ⅳ.打靶提升训练 【通读真题原文】 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一书。该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机。 原文再现 参考译文 Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now — several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 12．What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．If read by someone poorly educated. B．If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. C．If written by someone less competent. D．If translated by someone unacademic. 13．What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text? A．It is packed with complex codes. B．It adopts a down-to-earth writing style. C．It provides step-by-step instructions. D．It is intended for AI professionals. 14．What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development? A．Observe existing regulations on it. B．Reconsider expert opinions about it. C．Make joint efforts to keep it under control. D．Learn from prior experience to slow it down. 15．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To recommend a book on AI. B．To give a brief account of AI history. C．To clarify the definition of AI. D．To honor an outstanding AI expert. 鉴于人工智能在改变我们生活方面的巨大潜力，我们都需要采取行动来应对我们由人工智能驱动的未来，这就是《设计中的人工智能：与人工智能共存的计划》的用武之地。Catriona Campbell的这本引人入胜的新书是应对即将到来的人工智能革命所带来挑战的实用路线图。 如果落入坏人之手，这样一本书的处理可能会像支持人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但幸运的是，坎贝尔拥有二十多年的专业经验，能够将令人兴奋的内容转化为可以理解的内容。她从商人的实际角度而不是学者的角度写作，制作了一本易于理解和信息丰富的指南，最终会让你感觉几乎和人工智能一样聪明。 随着我们很快从人工智能设计中学习，人工智能已经是超智能的，并且将变得更加强大，从当前一代的“窄人工智能”走向通用人工智能。坎贝尔说，从那里，将出现人工主导智能。这就是为什么坎贝尔现在就开始提高人们对人工智能及其未来的认识——比这些发展预计发生的时间早几十年。她说，我们必须保持对人工智能的控制，否则就有可能被边缘化，甚至更糟。 坎贝尔的观点是唤醒那些对人工智能负责的人——技术公司和世界领导人——这样他们就和目前正在开发人工智能的所有专家站在同一战线上。她解释说，我们正处于历史上的“转折点”，现在必须采取行动，防止人类灭绝。我们需要考虑我们希望人工智能的未来如何发展。这种结构化思维，再加上全球监管，将使我们能够实现伟大，而不是衰落。 人工智能将影响我们所有人，如果你只读过一本关于这个主题的书，那就是这本书。 12.第2段中的“落入坏人之手”一词可能是什么意思？ A.如果读的人受教育程度低。 B.如果被恶意的人审查。 C.如果是由能力较差的人写的。 D.如果由非专业人士翻译。 13.根据文本，AI by Design的一个特征是什么？ A.里面塞满了复杂的代码。 B.它采用了一种脚踏实地的写作风格。 C.它提供了分步说明。 D.它是为人工智能专业人士设计的。 14.坎贝尔敦促人们在人工智能发展方面做些什么？ A.遵守现行规定。 B.重新考虑专家对此的意见。 C.共同努力控制局面。 D.从以前的经验中吸取教训，放慢速度。 15.作者写这篇文章的目的是什么？ A.推荐一本关于人工智能的书。 B.简要介绍人工智能的历史。 C.澄清人工智能的定义。 D.表彰杰出的人工智能专家。 【提取核心词汇】 astonish v. 使惊讶；使吃惊 absorb v. 吸收；理解，掌握；合并，同化；消减，缓冲；经受住；使全神贯注 academic adj. 学术的，学业的，教学的；学院的 n. 大学教师 capable adj. 有能力的；胜任的 awareness n. 意识；了解；觉察 decade n. 十年 humanity n. 人类；人性；人道；人文学科 【剖析长难句子】 1. Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. 【分析】 1.状语: Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives 主语: the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives 名词短语: potential of AI to transform our lives 介词短语: of AI to transform our lives 名词短语: AI to transform our lives 不定式短语: to transform our lives 2.we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in 主语: we all 主要动词: need 不定式短语: to take action to deal with our AI-powered future 目的状语: to deal with our AI-powered future 宾语: with our AI-powered future 名词短语: our AI-powered future 3. this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in 主语: this 系动词: is 表语: where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in 关系副词: where 名词短语: AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence 冒号后的补充说明: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence 2. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. 【分析】 1.主语: She 谓语: writes 介词短语: from the practical angle of a business person 名词短语: the practical angle of a business person 介词短语: of a business person 名词短语: a business person 比较状语: rather than as an academic 名词短语: as an academic 2.现在分词短语: making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI 3.定语从句: which is highly accessible and informative 宾语补足语: feel almost as smart as AI 【打靶提升训练】 一、单词拼写 1．We are astonished to find that (酸) can often burn holes in or damage things they touch. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 2．This material absorbs the sound, and doesn’t r it. （根据首字母单词拼写） 3．Students often seek out methods of relaxation, (缓解) their academic stress. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 4．These early humans were clearly capable of a thought, and probably language too. (根据首字母单词拼写) 5．All the leaders should be aware of the d power of nuclear weapons and work hand in hand to pursue peace. (根据首字母单词拼写) 6．As is known to all, China has made great a (成就) during the past decades. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 7．We humans (欠) it to the island to give it a happy ending. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 二、语法填空 8．To the (astonish) of the public, up to now, the government hasn’t reacted to the problem. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9． (absorb) in writing a poem, the poet didn’t realize night was approaching. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．No one knows that he graduated from a police (academic). （所给词的适当形式填空） 11．As a scientist, he has the (capable) of doing important research.(所给词的适当形式填空) 12．Education, training, (aware) and observation lead to changed attitude. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13．Many species of animals and plants in the past decade, which makes us reflect on what it is that causes their . (disappear) (所给词的适当形式填空) 14．Some species will die out soon because they (kill) by human beings now. （所给词的适当形式填空） 三、完成句子 15．这个问题的复杂性和涉及面之广使我感到惊讶。 I was astonished by the size and of the problem. 16．老师和同学们专注于在舞台上表演，我们展现了许多惊人的演出。（absorb, perform, incredible） With the teachers and students on the stage, we gave lots of . 17．在20世纪后半叶，学术自由获得广泛认可。 During the 20th century, academic freedom was recognized widely. 18．我认为我有能力申请这个职务。 I think I am capable of   this position . 19．这个不幸的男人口中透露出如此强烈的悲伤意识，使她连一个音节也没有力气说出来。 of the unfortunate man so significant an awareness of his sadness that she had not the strength to utter a syllable. 20．在过去的几十年里,到国外学习的人数有了急剧的增加。 In the past few decades,there has been in the number of people studying abroad. 21．我们人类保护生态平衡是非常重要的。(it作形式主语) us human beings to protect . 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024年高考英语真题核心词汇及长难句 逐题分解与提升训练 专题11 新高考Ⅱ卷：阅读理解D篇 Ⅰ.通读真题原文 Ⅱ.提取核心词汇 Ш.剖析长难句子 Ⅳ.打靶提升训练 【通读真题原文】 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一书。该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机。 原文再现 参考译文 Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now — several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 12．What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．If read by someone poorly educated. B．If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. C．If written by someone less competent. D．If translated by someone unacademic. 13．What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text? A．It is packed with complex codes. B．It adopts a down-to-earth writing style. C．It provides step-by-step instructions. D．It is intended for AI professionals. 14．What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development? A．Observe existing regulations on it. B．Reconsider expert opinions about it. C．Make joint efforts to keep it under control. D．Learn from prior experience to slow it down. 15．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To recommend a book on AI. B．To give a brief account of AI history. C．To clarify the definition of AI. D．To honor an outstanding AI expert. 鉴于人工智能在改变我们生活方面的巨大潜力，我们都需要采取行动来应对我们由人工智能驱动的未来，这就是《设计中的人工智能：与人工智能共存的计划》的用武之地。Catriona Campbell的这本引人入胜的新书是应对即将到来的人工智能革命所带来挑战的实用路线图。 如果落入坏人之手，这样一本书的处理可能会像支持人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但幸运的是，坎贝尔拥有二十多年的专业经验，能够将令人兴奋的内容转化为可以理解的内容。她从商人的实际角度而不是学者的角度写作，制作了一本易于理解和信息丰富的指南，最终会让你感觉几乎和人工智能一样聪明。 随着我们很快从人工智能设计中学习，人工智能已经是超智能的，并且将变得更加强大，从当前一代的“窄人工智能”走向通用人工智能。坎贝尔说，从那里，将出现人工主导智能。这就是为什么坎贝尔现在就开始提高人们对人工智能及其未来的认识——比这些发展预计发生的时间早几十年。她说，我们必须保持对人工智能的控制，否则就有可能被边缘化，甚至更糟。 坎贝尔的观点是唤醒那些对人工智能负责的人——技术公司和世界领导人——这样他们就和目前正在开发人工智能的所有专家站在同一战线上。她解释说，我们正处于历史上的“转折点”，现在必须采取行动，防止人类灭绝。我们需要考虑我们希望人工智能的未来如何发展。这种结构化思维，再加上全球监管，将使我们能够实现伟大，而不是衰落。 人工智能将影响我们所有人，如果你只读过一本关于这个主题的书，那就是这本书。 12.第2段中的“落入坏人之手”一词可能是什么意思？ A.如果读的人受教育程度低。 B.如果被恶意的人审查。 C.如果是由能力较差的人写的。 D.如果由非专业人士翻译。 13.根据文本，AI by Design的一个特征是什么？ A.里面塞满了复杂的代码。 B.它采用了一种脚踏实地的写作风格。 C.它提供了分步说明。 D.它是为人工智能专业人士设计的。 14.坎贝尔敦促人们在人工智能发展方面做些什么？ A.遵守现行规定。 B.重新考虑专家对此的意见。 C.共同努力控制局面。 D.从以前的经验中吸取教训，放慢速度。 15.作者写这篇文章的目的是什么？ A.推荐一本关于人工智能的书。 B.简要介绍人工智能的历史。 C.澄清人工智能的定义。 D.表彰杰出的人工智能专家。 【提取核心词汇】 astonish v. 使惊讶；使吃惊 absorb v. 吸收；理解，掌握；合并，同化；消减，缓冲；经受住；使全神贯注 academic adj. 学术的，学业的，教学的；学院的 n. 大学教师 capable adj. 有能力的；胜任的 awareness n. 意识；了解；觉察 decade n. 十年 humanity n. 人类；人性；人道；人文学科 【剖析长难句子】 1. Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. 【分析】 1.状语: Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives 主语: the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives 名词短语: potential of AI to transform our lives 介词短语: of AI to transform our lives 名词短语: AI to transform our lives 不定式短语: to transform our lives 2.we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in 主语: we all 主要动词: need 不定式短语: to take action to deal with our AI-powered future 目的状语: to deal with our AI-powered future 宾语: with our AI-powered future 名词短语: our AI-powered future 3. this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in 主语: this 系动词: is 表语: where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in 关系副词: where 名词短语: AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence 冒号后的补充说明: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence 2. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. 【分析】 1.主语: She 谓语: writes 介词短语: from the practical angle of a business person 名词短语: the practical angle of a business person 介词短语: of a business person 名词短语: a business person 比较状语: rather than as an academic 名词短语: as an academic 2.现在分词短语: making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI 3.定语从句: which is highly accessible and informative 宾语补足语: feel almost as smart as AI 【打靶提升训练】 一、单词拼写 1．We are astonished to find that (酸) can often burn holes in or damage things they touch. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】acids 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们惊奇地发现酸常常能把它们碰到的东西烧出洞来或损坏。“酸”是acid，不止一种，因此空格处用复数，故填acids。 2．This material absorbs the sound, and doesn’t r it. （根据首字母单词拼写） 【答案】reflect/eflect 【详解】考查动词。句意：这种材料吸收声音而不反射。根据句意和首字母，设空处应用动词reflect，意为“反射”，空前有助动词doesn’t，设空处应用动词原形，句子为一般现在时。故填reflect。 3．Students often seek out methods of relaxation, (缓解) their academic stress. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】relieving 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：学生们经常寻找放松的方法，减轻学业压力。“缓解”用动词relieve表示，作伴随状语，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语Students之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填relieving。 4．These early humans were clearly capable of a thought, and probably language too. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】abstract/bstract 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这些早期人类显然有抽象思维的能力，可能也有语言能力。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应用形容词abstract (抽象的)，作定语修饰名词thought。故填abstract。 5．All the leaders should be aware of the d power of nuclear weapons and work hand in hand to pursue peace. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】destructive/estructive 【详解】考查形容词。句意：各国领导人都应该认识到核武器的破坏力，携手追求和平。分析句意再根据首字母提示可知，此处用形容词destructive作定语修饰名词power表示“破坏性的”力量。故填destructive。 6．As is known to all, China has made great a (成就) during the past decades. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】achievements/chievements 【详解】考查名词。句意：众所周知，中国在过去的几十年里已经取得了很大的成就。根据中英文提示可知，achievement“成就”，可数名词，此处应用复数形式表示泛指，作宾语，故填achievements。 7．We humans (欠) it to the island to give it a happy ending. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】owe 【详解】考查动词。句意：我们欠这个岛一个幸福结局。设空处作谓语，本句在陈述事实，为一般现在时，“欠”为动词owe，We humans作主语，谓语用复数。故填owe。 二、语法填空 8．To the (astonish) of the public, up to now, the government hasn’t reacted to the problem. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】astonishment 【详解】考查名词。句意：令公众惊讶的是，到目前为止，政府还没有对这个问题作出反应。空处作介词的宾语，应用名词astonishment，意为“惊讶，震惊”，不可数。故填astonishment。 9． (absorb) in writing a poem, the poet didn’t realize night was approaching. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Absorbed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：诗人专心写诗，没有意识到黑夜已经来临。didn’t realize为谓语，逗号后面没有连词，空处为非谓语动词，the poet与absorb构成被动关系，用过去分词作状语，放在句首，首字母大写。故填Absorbed。 10．No one knows that he graduated from a police (academic). （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】academy 【详解】考查名词。句意：没人知道他毕业于警察学院。分析句子结构，此处为名词作宾语，academic的名词为academy意为“学院”，且空前有不定冠词a，所以使用可数名词单数形式。故填academy。 11．As a scientist, he has the (capable) of doing important research.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】capability 【详解】考查名词。句意：作为一个科学家，他具有从事重要研究的能力。capability n.(完成困难事情的)能力，才能。作宾语。故填capability。 12．Education, training, (aware) and observation lead to changed attitude. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】awareness 【详解】考查名词。句意：教育、培训、意识和观察导致态度的改变。分析句子可知，设空处需要名词awareness用作主语，表示“认识，意识”不可数。故填awareness。 13．Many species of animals and plants in the past decade, which makes us reflect on what it is that causes their . (disappear) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 have disappeared disappearance 【详解】考查动词时态和名词。句意：在过去的十年里，许多动植物物种已经消失了，这使我们反思是什么导致了它们的消失。分析句子可知，提示词disappear(消失)是主句中谓语动词，与主语Many species of animals and plants之间是主动关系，句中有时间状语in the past decade，描述从过去持续到现在的事情，应使用现在完成时态，又因主语是复数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式，助动词用have；提示词在第二空处作宾语，用名词disappearance，意为“消失”，不可数名词。故填have disappeared；disappearance。 14．Some species will die out soon because they (kill) by human beings now. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】are being killed 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：有些物种很快就会灭绝，因为它们现在正在被人类杀死。主语they与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文now可知为现在进行时的被动语态，谓语用复数。故填are being killed。 三、完成句子 15．这个问题的复杂性和涉及面之广使我感到惊讶。 I was astonished by the size and of the problem. 【答案】complexity 【详解】考查名词。结合句意表示“复杂性”可知应填名词complexity作宾语，此处为不可数名词。故填complexity。 16．老师和同学们专注于在舞台上表演，我们展现了许多惊人的演出。（absorb, perform, incredible） With the teachers and students on the stage, we gave lots of . 【答案】 absorbed in performing incredible performances 【详解】考查with的复合结构和形容词、名词。表示“专注于……”应用be absorbed in doing sth.，表示“表演”应用perform，分析句子结构可知，第一空考查with+宾语+宾补，且空格处与宾语“the teachers and student”之间的关系为被动 ，所以第一空应填absorbed in performing；表示“惊人的演出”应用incredible performances，所以第二空应填incredible performances。故填①absorbed in performing ②incredible performances。 17．在20世纪后半叶，学术自由获得广泛认可。 During the 20th century, academic freedom was recognized widely. 【答案】 the latter half of 【详解】考查名词。名词the latter half of...意为“…的后一半”，该短语在句中作介词during的宾语。 18．我认为我有能力申请这个职务。 I think I am capable of   this position . 【答案】 applying for 【详解】考查动词短语以及非谓语动词。题干分析可知，设空处考查“申请”的英文表达；“申请”用动词短语apply for表达，“申请这个职务”表达为apply for this position，在句中作介词of的宾语，apply用动名词形式applying，设空处应填applying for。故答案为①applying；②for。 19．这个不幸的男人口中透露出如此强烈的悲伤意识，使她连一个音节也没有力气说出来。 of the unfortunate man so significant an awareness of his sadness that she had not the strength to utter a syllable. 【答案】There lay in the accents 【详解】考查固定句式。根据句意及所给英文句子，空处应用there lay句型，该句式通常用来描述某物或某人位于某个位置或处境中，这种结构通常用于叙述过去的场景或事件，“在口音中”in the accents在句中作状语。故填There lay in the accents。 20．在过去的几十年里,到国外学习的人数有了急剧的增加。 In the past few decades,there has been in the number of people studying abroad. 【答案】a dramatic increase 【详解】考查名词。分析句子，设空处使用名词短语作主语，表示“急剧的增加”用a dramatic increase。故填a dramatic increase。 21．我们人类保护生态平衡是非常重要的。(it作形式主语) us human beings to protect . 【答案】 It is very important for the balance of nature 【详解】考查形式主语、名词短语。分析句子结构，空白处前需要一个形式主语，“It is + 形容词 +  to do sth.”是常用的固定短语，“重要的”是“important”，“对于……来说”用“for”，“生态平衡”是“the balance of nature”，故填It is very important for；the balance of nature。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$