09 情态动词-2024-2025学年八年级英语上册单元语法精讲精练（通用版）

2024-2025学年八年级英语上册单元语法精讲精练（通用版） 09 情态动词 语法聚焦 (1)情态动词can 的用法 (2)情态动词have to的用法。 (3)情态动词 have to和must的用法与区别 一、情态动词can 的用法 (1)can 是情态动词，意为“能;会”，表示能力。其后跟动词原形，无人称和单复数的变化,表示某人所具备的能力或技能。can 的否定形式为 can't过去式为 could，can 可用 be able to 代替。但 can 只有一般现在时和一般过去时;而 be able to 则有更多的时态。 (2)表示请求和允许 此用法中，can 可与 may 互换。在疑问句中还可用could，might 代替语气更加委婉。常用“Could I/you...?”句式，表示“我/你能......吗?”若表示同意要用 can，不用 could。 (3)用于提出邀请，其句式为“Can+主语十动词原形十其他?” 常用答语:“'d love to.../Thanks a lot.../Certainly...”Φ 如果接受邀请，@ 如果拒绝邀请，往往要给出拒绝的理由，常用答语:“'m sorry,，I can't... 二、 have to 的用法 (1)have to 是由两个词组成的一个情态动词，它有人称和单复数的变化，后接动词原形，表示由客观原因决，“必须;不得不”去做某事。其过去式为 had to. (2)当主语是第三人称单数时，要用has to，其余人称用have to；一般过去时中用had to。否定句中在have to前加助动词don't / doesn't / didn't, 疑问句中在主语前加助动词do / does / did 3、 must的用法 ①意为“必须”。没有人称和数的变化 ②must引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn't或don't have to ③mustn't意为“禁止” 三、have to 与must区别 二者都有“必须”的意思，后面都接动词原形，它们的区别是： ◆have to 强调客观上需要做某事，含有“形势逼迫”的意味；must强调说话者主观上认为必须做某事，含有“主观判断”的意味。 ◆have to 可用于多种时态(一般不用于进行时态)，且有人称和数的变化。must 无人称、数和时态的变化。 ◆must 的否定形式是在其后加not，即mustn’t，表示“禁止”。用must提问，回答表示不必时，应用don’t have to /needn’t；而have to 的否定式是don’t /doesn’t /didn’t have to，表示“不必”。 语法专练 1、 单项选择题。 1. —Must I answer this question in English? —No, you _______. A. mustn't B. needn't C. can't D. shouldn't 2. I can't take part in the sports meeting because of my broken leg. I _______ stay at home. A. have to B. must C. can D. may 3. You _______ go when the traffic light is red. A. can B. have to C. don't have to D. mustn't 4. —_______ I take the newspaper away? —No, you mustn't. You _______ read it only here. A. Must; can B. May; may C. Can; must D. Must; must 5. —Must I water the flowers every day? —No, you _______. You can water them twice a week. A. can't B. mustn't C. shouldn't D. don't have to 6.—Can I go fishing with you, Dad? —No, you _______. You _______ stay at home and do your homework first. A. won't; may B. shouldn't; can C. can't; must D. needn't; should 7.—I can't stop smoking, doctor. —For your health, I'm afraid you _______. A. can B. must C. can't D. mustn't 8.His leg is all right. He _______ go to see the doctor. A. not have to B. has not to C. don't have to D. doesn't have to 9.—Larry, can you go to the concert with me this Wednesday evening? —Sure. ______________. A. See you on Wednesday B. Congratulations C. Welcome to our concert D. I'm afraid not 10. —Must I stay at home to wait for you? —_______. I have my keys with me. A. No, you mustn't B. Yes, you must C. No, you don't have to D. Yes, you have to 11. -Daddy,can you come home for dinner with us this weekend? --_______ ,but I might be a little late. A. I'm busy B. Hard to say C. Of course D. Never mind 12. - _______you read the information for me? －Sure. A.Can B. Should C. May D. Must 13. -Can Paul go to the party with me this evening? --______ . He has the flu. A. Yes,please B. Yes,he'd love to C. I'm afraid he can't D. No problem 14.She wants to play outside,but she_______finish her homework first. A. might B.must C.can D.could 15.I______stop eating junk food because it's not good for health. A.can B.may C.have to D.should 16. -________you play the piano? －Yes,of course. A. Must B. Have to C. May D. Can 17. I can look after myself. You ______worry about me any more. A.mustn't B.don't have to C.may be D.need 18. They_______work very hard when they were young. A.had to B.must C.should D.have to 19. -Can you come to my birthday party? --_________. A. Yes, I'd love B. Sorry, I can't C. No, I'd love to D. Sorry, I don't 20.It was too dark so he________turn on the light. A.has to B.must C.may D.have to 21.－Would you like to play basketball with us? －Yes, I'd love to.______I'm afraid I have no time. A. So B. But C. Or D. And 22. -Today is my birthday. Can you come to my party tonight? 一_________. A. Don't worry B. Sure, I'd love to C. That's too bad D. No, I don't know 23. Jeff can't come to the party, because he will_____help his sister with the housework. A.must B.have to C.has to D.needs to 24. -Would you like another cake? 一________. A. I'd love to B. Yes, I'd love to C. I'd like D. Yes,please 25.－Would you like to join us in basketball? －_______， but I'm afraid I have to help my mom. A. I wouldn't B. I'd love to C. I'd like D. I don't like it 26.--Could you go to the bookshop with me? I want to buy The Grass House by Cao Wenxuan. －Sorry, I_________. I've promised Mum to go home right after school. A. can't B.couldn't C.needn't D.mustn't 27.－Whose shirt is this? －It______be John's. It is much too large for him. A. might B. must C. mustn't D. can't 28.--_________I use your English-Chinese dictionary? --Of course you can. A. Must B. Can C. Should D. Need 29.Students______enjoy the colorful school life if they study at home instead of going to school. A. mustn't B. can't C. must D.can 30. It's cloudy now. It may rain soon. I think I_______take an umbrella with me. A. must B. should C. may D. have to 二、按要求完成句子 1. Your brother has to walk to school every day.（改为否定句） Your brother____________ to walk to school every day. 2. Can you come to my birthday party this weekend?(作肯定回答） Sure,__________________. 3. I had to stay at home and do some cooking yesterday. (改为一般疑问句） _______you_______to stay at home and do some cooking yesterday? 4. I can go to his party. (变为一般疑问句） _______you_____to_______party? 5.He has to go to see the doctor. (变为否定句） He_______________go to see the doctor. 三．补全对话，每空一词 A: Hi,Jenny! Can you come to my birthday party on Saturday afternoon? B: I'm _________,but I can't. I ______to help my parents. A: That's too bad. How_______you ,Linda?______you come to my party? C: I'd ______to. A: Susan,can you come to my party? D: _______is it? A: Saturday afternoon. D: Oh,no. I ______. I have to study______a test. A: What about you, Wilson. E: I'd love to,________I have to go to the doctor______my grandmother. She is ill. 四、小语篇特训(语法选择)。 Time passes quickly.My thirteenth birthday is 　1　 soon.I’m going to have a small party at home on Saturday afternoon.The day before yesterday,I invited some friends.  Most of them 　2　 come,but three friends can’t.Jenny is going to visit her aunt in the countryside.She won’t come back until Sunday afternoon.David will have a soccer game next Monday,　 3　 he has to prepare for it.Judy might have to meet two of her friends from Chengdu.She is going to take them to some interesting places.  Tonight I have to make a shopping list with my mother.Tomorrow we 　4　 shopping and buy the things we need.I’m looking forward to 　5　 my friends at the party.  (　 　)1.A.coming　 B.come　 C.comes (　 　)2.A.could　 B.can　 C.have to (　 　)3.A.or　 B.but　 C.so (　 　)4.A.go　 B.went　 C.will go　 (　 　)5.A.see　 B.saw　 C.seeing 参考答案： 一、1-5 BADCD 6-10 CBDAC 11-15CACBC 16-20 DBABA 21-25BBBDB 26-30ADBBD 二、1.doesn’t have 2.I’d love to/I’d like to 3.Did; have 4.Can;come;my 5.doesn’t have to 三、sorry; have; about; Can;love/like;When;can’t;for;but;with 四、1-5ABCCC 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$