高三英语上学期开学模拟考试（北京卷）-备战2025年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(北京专用)

绝密★考试结束前 2025年高三上学期开学模拟考试（北京卷） 英语 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：100分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完型填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。 A nurse named Aly Hogarth has reunited with a mother and daughter at the same hospital ship 30 years after saving their lives. In 1993, Ms Hogarth was touring a hospital ship in Sierra Leone when she knew that a patient Catherine Conteh needed a Caesarean section (剖腹产手术), but she couldn’t 1 it. Ms Hogarth contacted her colleagues and they paid for the 170 surgery, so that Catherine’s daughter, Regina, could be 2 . Later, Ms Hogarth volunteered to take care of her in the hospital, 3 her wound and teaching her how to feed the baby. In this way Ms Hogarth formed a 4 with the mother and the baby, but they lost 5 when she returned home to New Zealand. Ms Hogarth, now 52, volunteered for charity Mercy Ships. Surprisingly, she 6 Catherine and Regina at the same hospital ship. They both became nurses, inspired by Ms Hogarth, and Regina now has a child of her own. Ms Hogarth said, “To see Catherine in person again, it’s very unreal really. It’s not something I 7 expected until we made contact again. For me, I felt 8 at the moment when we met and didn’t know how to react.” “We just cried and cried,” Catherine said. “Regina and I would have died without Ms Hogarth’s pure love.” “It’s really 9 to see Catherine again,” Ms Hogarth shared. “I thought about her every time I told that story for the last 30 years. I know it was a significant time — realizing that you can make a real 10 by doing something.” 1．A．cancel B．bear C．afford D．accept 2．A．examined B．delivered C．adopted D．attended 3．A．receiving B．removing C．dressing D．discovering 4．A．habit B．tradition C．plan D．bond 5．A．touch B．control C．hope D．direction 6．A．called on B．came across C．looked after D．kept off 7．A．ever B．still C．even D．just 8．A．inspired B．disappointed C．concerned D．excited 9．A．impossible B．amazing C．challenging D．simple 10．A．effort B．commitment C．decision D．difference 第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分,共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A Released on Aug 30, 2023, a three-episode web series 11 (title) Escape From the British Museum has become popular online for its touching and innovative story. The series follows the journey home of a Chinese jade teapot that has come to life as a girl. She runs away from the British Museum and comes across a Chinese journalist 12 helps the artifact (文物) return to China. The series aims to raise broader awareness of Chinese artifacts that 13   (keep) abroad. B In America, people use both “fall” and “autumn” to describe the 14 (three) season of the year. According to Dictionary. com, these two words were first documented within a few 15 (century). The period between summer and winter was called “harvest” 16 old English. This word has Germanic origins highlighting the act of gathering and preserving crops before winter. In the 1500s, English speakers 17 (begin) referring to the season between cold and warm months as the “fall of the leaf” which later shortened to “fall”. C Wake up early enough and probably you 18 （hear） a pleasant chorus of birds. This early singing can start as early as 4 a. m. and last for several hours. Birds do it 19 （attract） mates and warn other birds to avoid their place. One theory as to 20 they choose the early morning to communicate these important messages is that the low visibility makes it hard to do other bird activities, like searching for food. Keeping their activity level low, they choose to sing instead. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A SpotOver 1,000 of these yellow robots, Spot, are already checking factories and power plants. And now the New York City Fire Department is starting to use the dog-like devices for search-and-rescue missions. In April 2024, a Spot surveyed the remains of a collapsed car park that was considered too unstable for fire crews to enter. Spot can also send back video footage, carry up to 14 kg and when fitted with an add-on “arm”, open doors and press switches. Lightning SwarmInspired by fireflies, these robots are tiny and can give out light in various colours. The scientists intend the robots to use their lights to signal to and track each other: a low-power communication strategy for a lightweight robot. “We envision sending hundreds or more of these tiny flying robots into a disaster site, and having them collectively search for survivors,” says MIT robotics engineer Prof Kevin Chen. “Once a survivor is found, they’ll pass the information out to the operators.” Trail BlazersAt the Bajiao Firc Rescue Station, in Yantai, northeast China. a firefighter tests out a fire-fighting robot. For a few years, China has been promoting the technology, which allows human firefighters to stay safely outside the danger zone while controlling robot firefighters to put out fires at chemical plants and in subways. One major advantage of this approach is fire resistance — Trail Blazers can work at temperatures of 1,000℃ for over 30 mins. RoosterThanks to its clever design, Rooster can roll across surfaces or fly around to examine almost any type of disaster site, moving through narrow passages and windows, or over obstacles and up or down staircases. Designed to assist in search operations, the robot uses cameras and sensors to scan a space, so that rescuers don’t need to enter dangerous areas. Rooster can also communicate with search teams and other robots via a radio link. 21．Which robots can work in the air? A．Spot and Trail Blazers. B．Spot and Lightning Swarm. C．Rooster and Trail Blazers. D．Rooster and Lightning Swarm. 22．What do these robots have in common? A．They can send radio signals. B．They are fitted with cameras. C．They can help conduct rescues. D．They are modelled after animals. 23．This passage is probably from ______. A．a science magazine B．a test report C．an operating handbook D．a modern fiction B Mark Brown, 57, had been making films for 30 years, but he found himself feeling tired of it. “I thought, things can only go downhill.” Brown knew he needed to do something else — but what? A few years earlier, he had bought his childhood house and moved in. While Brown wondered about a second care er in gardening, he heard a different internal voice. “That child who used to love drawing whispered to me down the years,” he said. Some unacknowledged longing in him was brought out. There was a great oak tree near his home. It had stood out to his young self as a “fantastical giant — a treasure home to birds, insects and animals. There was a cave inside. We used to squeeze in through this hole.” He decided to lock himself away for two months to draw it in all its glorious detail. “While I was drawing,” he said, “there came moments when it was as though the tree was drawing itself. I had spent so much time playing in it. I could feel it. It was deep inside me.” His finished oak held “a real power”, he said. “As you walk towards it, it just grows.” Brown became a tree portraitist. Over the next few years, he travelled across Britain and spent days with the trees selected with the help of the Ancient Tree Forum, the Tree Council and the Woodland Trust. Brown has started work on a 20-drawing series of Britain’s most important ash trees. “These beautiful old ash trees are going to be lost to us,” he says. “They are 350 years old and they are dying because of a disease that we’ve spread.” Drawing is not only an act of care and a demand for preservation, but it “gives me that interface between my passion for the natural world and my creativity,” Brown says. It has also given him a different perspective on the passage of time. “I’m an old man yet I’m only 71, and some of the trees I’ve drawn are 1,000 years old. When I’m with them and when I draw them, I think about the end of my life and the brief nature of human life that passes momentarily beneath them.” 24．At the age of 57, Brown ______. A．moved into his old house B．awakened a childhood interest C．reached the peak of his life D．developed a passion for gardening 25．What can we learn about the oak tree and Brown? A．It helped him start a new career. B．It linked him with the world. C．He built a tree house in it. D．He studied creatures in it. 26．What is Brown working on? A．Setting up tree organizations. B．Looking for cures for tree diseases. C．Drawing to call for protection for trees. D．Travelling to select important trees in Britain. 27．When Brown is with trees, he feels that ______. A．time is endless B．human life is temporary C．nature is dynamic D．life-long learning is crucial C Creativity is commonly thought of as a personality trait that resides within the individual. We count on creative people to produce the songs, movies, and books we love, to invent the new gadgets that can change our lives, and to discover the new scientific theories and philosophies that can change the way we view the world. Over the past several years, however, social psychologists have discovered that creativity is not only a characteristic of the individual, but may also change depending on the situation and context. The question, of course, is what those situations are: what makes us more creative at times and less creative at others? One answer is psychological distance. According to the Construal Level Theory (CLT) of psychological distance, anything that we do not experience as occurring now, here, and to ourselves falls into the “psychologically distant” category. It's also possible to induce a state of “psychological distance” simply by changing the way we think about a particular problem, such as attempting to take another person’s perspective, or by thinking of the question as if it were unreal and unlikely. In this new paper, by Lile Jia and colleagues at Indiana University, scientists have demonstrated that increasing psychological distance so that a problem feels farther away can actually increase creativity. Why does psychological distance increase creativity? According to CLT, psychological distance affects the way we mentally represent things, so that distant things are represented in a relatively abstract way while psychologically near things seem more concrete. Consider, for instance, a corn plant. A concrete representation would refer to the shape, color, taste, and smell of the plant, and connect the item to its most common use—a food product. An abstract representation, on the other hand, might refer to the corn plant as a source of energy or as a fast-growing plant. These more abstract thoughts might lead us to contemplate other, less common uses for corn, such as a source for ethanol, or to use the plant to create mazes for children. What this example demonstrates is how abstract thinking makes it easier for people to form surprising connections between seemingly unrelated concepts, such as fast-growing plants (corn) and fuel for cars (ethanol) . In this most recent study, Jia examined the effect of spatial distance on creativity. Participants performed a creative generation task, in which they were asked to list as many different modes of transportation as possible. This task was introduced as having been developed either by Indiana University students studying in Greece (distant condition) or by Indiana University students studying in Indiana (near condition) . As predicated, participants in the distant condition generated more numerous and original modes of transportation than participants in the near condition. 28．What can we learn about psychological distance? A．It brings more abstract concepts into our mind. B．It builds uncommon connections in our mind. C．It enables us to know more uses of common things. D．It makes problems easier to be solved. 29．Which of the following is true of spatial distance according to Jia’s study? A．Distant condition is related to people’s creative ability. B．It makes students in Indiana list more modes of transportation. C．It enables people to generate more abstract ideas. D．It helps one to take another person’s perspective. 30．Which would be the best title of the passage? A．Formation of Abstract Thoughts B．Formation of Connections among Concepts C．Ways to Create Psychological Distance D．An Easy Approach to Promote Creativity D Can you imagine getting a major dental procedure without novocaine (一种麻醉药)? A scientist colleague of mine recently told me, rather than use it, he used a “focus in” meditation (冥想) technique to direct all of his attention to his mouth with as much calming equanimity as he could gather. Doing so transformed the pain for a few minutes. A stream of scientific articles suggests that there are benefits in turning toward discomfort or negative emotions with acceptance. In addition, all of us can gain from finding ways to cope with stress and suffering — particularly when larger circumstances are beyond our control. As a researcher who has studied meditation for more than 20 years, I believe that the cultivation of equanimity can help. It’s important to first define the idea of turning toward discomfort. I’m not advocating for people to put themselves in dangerous positions. But when we push ourselves into challenging or embarrassing situations, much like trainers who push athletes just past their comfort zone to make gains, learning often happens. My own research indicates that meditation provides an ideal way to practice turning toward discomfort — particularly when it trains up one’s equanimity. In my laboratory at Carnegie Mellon University, we conducted several clinical trials on developing equanimity during mindfulness meditation training. This approach includes guided meditation exercises such as using a matter-of-fact voice to label uncomfortable feelings in the body or welcoming uncomfortable feelings by saying “yes” aloud each time a feeling is detected. We hired 153 stressed adults and offered them a mindfulness meditation training program with or without training in equanimity. Our equanimity skills training group had significantly better outcomes on several measures. After just 14 days of training, for example, the participants who learned equanimity skills had significantly lower biological stress responses when asked to deliver a difficult speech and solve math problems in front of experts in white lab coats. This group also had significantly lower blood pressure and stress levels. In the days after training, people introduced to equanimity exercises also reported significantly higher positive emotions and well-being throughout the day and more meaningful social interactions than participants who received mindfulness training without the equanimity component. It was as though developing equanimity had transformed their emotional reactivity to stress, helping them better appreciate and enjoy daily life’s many little positive experiences and making them more curious and open to connecting with others. We are expanding on this work in several ways—including through the development of an app that offers equanimity training on demand and with trials involving participants with stress-related gastrointestinal (胃肠的) disorders. Meanwhile other scientists are further exploring equanimity’s power. We are convinced we can each build our resilience (恢复力) on a personal level by cultivating greater acceptance of our experience — good or bad, painful or pleasant — in the present moment. 31．What can be learned about equanimity? A．It is a state of mental calmness. B．It is a form of negative emotions. C．It is a replacement for novocaine. D．It is the result of mindfulness meditation. 32．Which of the following is a good example of equanimity training? A．Ignoring discomfort totally. B．Detecting unusual behavior. C．Keeping emotions to oneself. D．Seeing negative feelings objectively. 33．Paragraph 5 is written to show ______. A．the benefits of developing equanimity B．the procedure of mindfulness meditation C．the performances of two meditation training groups D．the relationship between equanimity and well-being 34．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Stress contributes to physical disorders. B．Pleasant experiences result in greater equanimity. C．People are likely to have easy access to equanimity training. D．Resilience can help people gain more acceptance of hardship. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有项为多余选项。 There has been a very serious decline in the numbers of shallow-water fish as a result of overfishing. People still want to eat fish, so the fishing industry must look at other sources, especially the deep waters of the Atlantic. 35 Conservation measures will have to be put in place if these deep-sea fish are to survive. Research on five such species shows that numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent. 36 Many species could well disappear completely if the present trend continues. These are species that have been swimming in our oceans for hundreds of millions of years. The problem is emphasized by the fact that the decline in numbers happened in less than twenty years. Deep-sea fish take a long time to reproduce and normally live for many years. 37 The average size of such fish also declined, with one species showing a 57 percent decline in average size. This is of particular concern, as large fish tend to produce more offspring than small ones. 38 The deep-sea species have been caught as if they were the fast-breeding (快速繁殖) fish like sardine and herring. It is like killing elephants as if they reproduced at the same rate as rabbits. The damage done by overfishing goes beyond the sea environment. Millions of people make a living in the fishing industry. 39 Measures must be taken to not only conserve ecosystems, but also sustain livelihoods and ensure food security. A．Billions of people rely on fish for protein. B．Many people now choose not to eat deep-sea fish. C．Unfortunately, their reproduction rate is very low. D．This puts them in the category of “critically endangered”. E．None of these facts has been taken into account by the fishing industry. F．Overfishing is a major cause of decline in populations of ocean wildlife. G．This has resulted in a sharp decline in the numbers of many of the species caught. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，共32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 I had a great interest in researching the topic of how to improve your sense of direction, because my own sense of direction is absolutely terrible. Take going to the toilet in a restaurant, for example. I can find my way there easily enough because there are signs pointing me in the right direction. But getting back to my table is another story. After all, there are no helpful signs saying, “This is where you were sitting less than five minutes ago”. However, rather than accept the situation of myself frequently walking into cupboards and backtracking down dead ends, I’m determined to give my sense of direction a much-needed improvement. Nowadays, of course, it’s easy to rely on GPS (全球卫星定位系统) to find your way. But if you really want to improve your sense of direction, it’s a good idea to count on yourself. Studying a map and memorizing the way before you set out does have its benefits—not least because the amount of mental energy it requires means it’s more likely to stick in your mind. Looking at electronic maps on a big screen—or even studying a paper map—also allows you to get a sense of that all-important bigger picture and how everywhere fits together. Paying full attention is key, too. It’s important to notice what’s around you—in    all directions. Instead of staring straight ahead, make sure you look up, down and behind you as well. This will come in particularly useful when you’re on the return journey—even if it’s just finding your way back from the toilet in a restaurant. Try to relax when you’re on unfamiliar ground. It’s all too easy to be anxious and afraid if you imagine you may be lost—but this sudden feeling of anxiety will only prevent you from calmly working out which way to go. Besides, getting lost is one of the best ways to discover new places and add more detail to that ever-growing mental map—both of which will help you become “direction smarter” in the long term. Finally, your sense of direction is a use-it-or-lose-it skill. If you only stick to the ways you already know, it’s never going to get any better. So, now’s the time to start exploring! 40．What problem does the writer have according to the passage? 41．According to the passage, what can we do to improve the sense of direction? 42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, and then underline it and explain why. To become “direction smarter”, we need to stay calm instead of being anxious, so we must avoid getting lost in all circumstances. 43．In addition to the ways mentioned in the passage, what else can you do to find your ways in a new place? (In about 40 words) 第二节: 书面表达（共一题，20分) 44．假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。近日，应英国好友Jim的请求，你帮助他完成了一项关于你班学生英语泛读（extensive reading）现状的调查（见下图）。请用英文给他写一封邮件，内容包括： 1.调查结果描述； 2.你的选择及对英语泛读的认识。 注意: 1. 词数 100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案： 1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．B 10．D 【导语】本文属于记叙文，讲述了护士Aly Hogarth在30年前于医院船上救助了一位名叫Catherine Conteh的母亲，并帮助她顺利生下女儿Regina的故事。多年后，她们在同一艘医院船上重逢。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1993年，Hogarth女士在Sierra Leone参观一艘医疗船时，得知病人凯Catherine Conteh需要剖腹产，但她负担不起。A. cancel取消；B. bear忍受；C. afford负担得起；D. accept接受。根据下文的“Ms Hogarth contacted her colleagues and they paid for the 170 surgery”可知，Catherine Conteh无法负担手术费。故选C。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Hogarth女士联系了她的同事，同事们支付了 170 美元的手术费，这样凯瑟琳的女儿Regina就可以顺利降生了。A. examined检查；B. delivered接生；C. adopted采纳，收养；D. attended出席。根据上文的“a patient Catherine Conteh needed a Caesarean section (剖腹产手术)”可知，Catherine需要剖腹产，孩子需要接生。故选B。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，Hogarth女士自愿在医院照顾她，帮她包扎伤口，教她如何喂养婴儿。A. receiving接收；B. removing移除；C. dressing给……包扎；D. discovering发现。根据下文的“her wound”可知，此处指为Catherine的伤口进行包扎处理。故选C。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过这种方式，Hogarth女士与母亲和孩子建立了联系，但当她回到新西兰的家中时，她们失去了联系。A. habit习惯；B. tradition传统；C. plan计划；D. bond联系，纽带。根据上文的“Ms Hogarth volunteered to take care of her in the hospital, 3 her wound and teaching her how to feed the baby.”可知，上文描述了Hogarth女士照顾母女的过程，她们之间形成了情感上的联系。故选D。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过这种方式，Hogarth女士与母亲和孩子建立了联系，但当她回到新西兰的家中时，她们失去了联系。A. touch联系；B. control控制；C. hope希望；D. direction方向。根据下文的“until we made contact again”可知，她们曾失去过联系。故选A。 6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，她在同一家医院船上偶遇了Catherine和Regina。A. called on拜访；B. came across偶然遇见；C. looked after照顾；D. kept off远离。根据上文的“A nurse named Aly Hogarth has reunited with a mother and daughter at the same hospital ship 30 years after saving their lives.”及下文的“at the same hospital ship”可知，这里是说她们在同一家医院船偶遇。故选B。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这是我完全没有预料到的，直到我们再次取得联系。A. ever曾经；B. still仍然；C. even甚至；D. just刚刚。根据上文的“To see Catherine in person again, it’s very unreal really.”可知，Hogarth女士对此感到非常意外，曾经从未料想过。故选A。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我们见面的那一刻，我感到很激动，不知道该如何反应。A. inspired受到启发的；B. disappointed失望的；C. concerned关心的；D. excited兴奋的，激动的。根据下文的“at the moment when we met and didn’t know how to react”可知，多年后重逢应是让人感到激动的。故选D。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“再次见到Catherine真是太棒了，”Hogarth女士分享道。A. impossible不可能的；B. amazing惊人的，神奇的；C. challenging有挑战性的；D. simple简单的。根据上文的“I thought about her every time I told that story for the last 30 years”可知，这种重逢的情景对Hogarth来说是惊人而美好的。故选B。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道那是一段重要的时间——意识到你可以通过做一些事情来真正产生影响。A. effort努力；B. commitment承诺；C. decision决定；D. difference差异，影响。make a difference是固定搭配，表示“有所作为，产生影响”。根据上文的“Ms Hogarth contacted her colleagues and they paid for the 170 surgery, so that Catherine’s daughter, Regina, could be 2 .”可知，Hogarth的行为改变了这对母女的命运，真正产生影响。故选D。 11．titled 12．who 13．are kept 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了2023年8月30日发布的网络剧《逃离大英博物馆》。 11．考查非谓语动词。句意：2023年8月30日上映的一部三集网络剧《逃离大英博物馆》因其感人和创新的故事情节而在网络上广受欢迎。“(title) Escape From the British Museum”作后置定语，title(加标题，定题目)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语a three-episode web series之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填titled。 12．考查定语从句。句意：她逃离了大英博物馆，遇到了一位中国记者，他帮助文物回到了中国。空格处单词引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a Chinese journalist，指人，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词who引导该从句。故填who。 13．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：该系列旨在提高人们对保存在国外的中国文物的认识。keep(保存)是定语从句中谓语动词，与主语that(即先行词Chinese artifacts)之间是被动关系，描述现在的状态，应使用一般现在时态，又因主语是复数名词，谓语动词也应使用复数形式。综上，谓语应用一般现在时的被动语态，复数形式。故填are kept。 14．third 15．centuries 16．in 17．began 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了两个词“fall”和“autumn”的相关信息。 14．考查数词。句意：在美国，人们用“fall”和“autumn”来形容一年中的第三个季节。the+序数词，表示第几。本句表示第三。故填third。 15．考查名词。句意：这两个词在几个世纪内首次被记录下来。a few修饰名词复数。故填centuries。 16．考查介词。句意：夏季和冬季之间的时期在古英语中被称为“harvest”。在古英语中用介词in。 故填in。 17．考查时态。句意：16世纪，说英语的人开始把寒冷和温暖月份之间的季节称为“落叶”，后来缩写为“fall”。根据“In the 1500s”可知，本句为一般过去时。故填began。 18．will hear 19．to attract 20．why 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了鸟儿唱歌的原因。 18．考查时态。句意：早起的话，你可能会听到鸟儿欢快的合唱。本句为“祈使句+and+一般将来时”的用法。故填will hear。 19．考查非谓语动词。句意：鸟类这样做是为了吸引配偶，并警告其他鸟类远离它们的地方。动词不定式做目的状语。故填to attract。 20．考查连接词。句意：关于它们为什么选择清晨来传达这些重要信息的一种理论是，低能见度使得鸟类很难进行其他活动，比如寻找食物。To后接宾语从句，表示“为什么”，关系副词用why。故填why。 21．D 22．C 23．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了四种不同功能和特点的机器人。 21．细节理解题。根据Lightning Swarm部分中第二段“We envision sending hundreds or more of these tiny flying robots into a disaster site, and having them collectively search for survivors(我们设想将数百个或更多这样的微型飞行机器人送到灾难现场，让它们集体搜寻幸存者)”和Rooster部分中第一段“Rooster can roll across surfaces or fly around to examine almost any type of disaster site, moving through narrow passages and windows, or over obstacles and up or down staircases.(Rooster可以在地面上滚动，也可以在几乎任何类型的灾难现场飞来飞去，通过狭窄的通道和窗户，或者越过障碍物，上下楼梯)”可知，Rooster和Lightning Swarm可以在空中飞行和工作。故选D项。 22．细节理解题。根据Spot部分中第一段“And now the New York City Fire Department is starting to use the dog-like devices for search-and-rescue missions.(现在，纽约市消防局开始使用这种类似狗的设备进行搜救任务)”、Lightning Swarm部分中第二段“We envision sending hundreds or more of these tiny flying robots into a disaster site, and having them collectively search for survivors,(我们设想将数百个或更多这样的微型飞行机器人送到灾难现场，让它们集体搜寻幸存者)”、Trail Blazers部分中第一段“At the Bajiao Firc Rescue Station, in Yantai, northeast China. a firefighter tests out a fire-fighting robot.(在中国东北烟台的八角消防救援站。一名消防员在测试消防机器人)”和Rooster部分中第一段“Rooster can roll across surfaces or fly around to examine almost any type of disaster site, moving through narrow passages and windows, or over obstacles and up or down staircases.(Rooster可以在地面上滚动，也可以在几乎任何类型的灾难现场飞来飞去，通过狭窄的通道和窗户，或者越过障碍物，上下楼梯)”可知，这些机器人都可以帮助进行救援。故选C项。 23．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了四种不同功能和特点的机器人，与科技相关，所以很可能选至一本科学杂志。故选A项。 24．B 25．A 26．C 27．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了57岁的马克·布朗唤醒了儿时的兴趣，成为了一名树木肖像画家。 24．细节理解题。根据第一段““That child who used to love drawing whispered to me down the years,” he said. Some unacknowledged longing in him was brought out.(“那个喜欢画画的孩子多年来一直对我耳语，”他说。他心中某种未被承认的渴望被激发出来了)”可知，57岁时，布朗唤醒了儿时的兴趣。故选B。 25．推理判断题。根据第三段“His finished oak held “a real power”, he said. “As you walk towards it, it just grows.” Brown became a tree portraitist.(他说，他的成品橡木拥有“真正的力量”。“当你走向它的时候，它就会越来越大。”布朗成为了一名树木肖像画家)”可知，橡树让布朗开始了新的职业生涯。故选A。 26．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““These beautiful old ash trees are going to be lost to us,” he says. “They are 350 years old and they are dying because of a disease that we’ve spread.”(“这些美丽的老白蜡树对我们来说将会失去，”他说。“它们已经350岁了，由于我们传播的疾病，它们正在死去。”)”可知，布朗呼吁保护树木。故选C。 27．细节理解题。根据最后一段“When I’m with them and when I draw them, I think about the end of my life and the brief nature of human life that passes momentarily beneath them.(当我和他们在一起，当我画他们的时候，我想到了我生命的终结，以及人类生命的短暂本质，在他们下面转瞬即逝)”可知，当布朗和树在一起时，他觉得人的生命是短暂的。故选B。 28．A 29．A 30．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了心理距离和空间距离对创造力的影响。 28．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“According to CLT, psychological distance affects the way we mentally represent things, so that distant things are represented in a relatively abstract way while psychologically near things seem more concrete.”（根据CLT，心理距离影响我们在心理上表征事物的方式，所以距离远的事物以相对抽象的方式表征，而心理上近的事物似乎更具体。）可推知，心理距离会带来更多抽象的概念。故选A。 29．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“As predicated, participants in the distant condition generated more numerous and original modes of transportation than participants in the near condition.”（如预测的那样，处于远距离条件的参与者比处于近距离条件的参与者产生了更多的、原创的交通方式。）可推知，空间距离与人们的创造力有关。故选A。 30．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Why does psychological distance increase creativity?”（为什么心理距离能增加创造力？）以及第四段“In this most recent study, Jia examined the effect of spatial distance on creativity.”（在最近的研究中，贾研究了空间距离对创造力的影响。）可知，本文主要讲述了心理距离和空间距离对创造力的影响。因此最佳标题应该是“An Easy Approach to Promote Creativity”（一种简单的提升创造力的方法）。故选D。 31．A 32．D 33．A 34．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了通过接受和正念冥想训练中的“平静”来应对不适和负面情绪的好处。 31．推理判断题。根据首段中的“A scientist colleague of mine recently told me, rather than use it, he used a “focus in” meditation (冥想) technique to direct all of his attention to his mouth with as much calming equanimity as he could gather. Doing so transformed the pain for a few minutes. (我的一位科学家同事最近告诉我，他没有使用它，而是使用了一种“专注”冥想技术，将所有注意力集中在他的嘴巴上，尽可能地平静下来。这样做可以缓解几分钟的疼痛。)”可知，通过“专注”冥想技术尽可能让人平静下来，这样可以缓解几分钟的疼痛，结合第二段中的“A stream of scientific articles suggests that there are benefits in turning toward discomfort or negative emotions with acceptance. (一系列科学文章表明，用接纳的态度来对待不舒服或负面情绪是有好处的。)”可知，用接纳的态度对待不适或负面情绪是有好处的，由此可知，“平静”其实是一种精神上的平静状态，是以接纳的心态来对待不适或负面情绪。故选A项。 32．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It’s important to first define the idea of turning toward discomfort. I’m not advocating for people to put themselves in dangerous positions. (重要的是要首先定义转向不适的概念。我不是在提倡人们把自己置于危险的境地。)”可知，首先定义这种转向不适的概念是很重要的，结合第四段中的“This approach includes guided meditation exercises such as using a matter-of-fact voice to label uncomfortable feelings in the body or welcoming uncomfortable feelings by saying “yes” aloud each time a feeling is detected. (这种方法包括引导冥想练习，比如用一种实事求是的声音来标记身体里不舒服的感觉，或者在每次发现不舒服的感觉时大声说“是”来欢迎不舒服的感觉。)”可知，训练这种“平静”需要实事求是地记住身体不适的感觉，或者发现不适时大声说“是”来欢迎这种不适，由此可知，客观地看待消极情绪是训练平静的好例子。故选D项。 33．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“We hired 153 stressed adults and offered them a mindfulness meditation training program with or without training in equanimity. Our equanimity skills training group had significantly better outcomes on several measures. (我们雇佣了153名压力大的成年人，为他们提供了一个正念冥想训练项目，有或没有接受过平静训练。我们的平静技能训练组在几个方面有明显更好的结果。)”以及下文中列举的平津训练给压力大的人带来的好处可知，本段主要为了表明平静技能训练给压力大的人带来的好处。故选A项。 34．推理判断题。根据尾段中的“We are expanding on this work in several ways—including through the development of an app that offers equanimity training on demand and with trials involving participants with stress-related gastrointestinal (胃肠的) disorders. Meanwhile other scientists are further exploring equanimity’s power. (我们正在以多种方式扩展这项工作，包括开发一款应用程序，根据需要提供平静训练，并对患有压力相关胃肠道疾病的参与者进行试验。与此同时，其他科学家正在进一步探索平静的力量。)”可知，目前正在以多种方式开展这项平静训练工作，其它科学家也在进一步探索平静的力量，由此可知，人们可能更容易获得平静训练。故选C项。 35．G 36．D 37．C 38．E 39．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了由于过度捕捞浅水鱼类的数量已经严重下降，以及由此导致的后果。 35．根据上文“People still want to eat fish, so the fishing industry must look at other sources, especially the deep waters of the Atlantic.”（人们仍然想吃鱼，因此渔业必须寻找其他来源，特别是大西洋的深水区）推知，选项承接上文说明以上做法导致的不良影响。故G选项“这导致许多被捕获物种的数量急剧下降”切题。故选G项。 36．根据上文“Research on five such species shows that numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent.”（对五种这样的物种的研究表明，数量下降了87%到98%）可知，数量下降到了一定程度，我们便称为它们为“极度濒危”物种。故D选项“这使得它们被归为“极度濒危”物种”切题，this指代上文提到的“numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent.”。故选D项。 37．根据上文“Deep-sea fish take a long time to reproduce and normally live for many years.”（深海鱼类需要很长时间繁殖，通常可以活很多年）根据下文“The average size of such fish also declined, with one species showing a 57 percent decline in average size. This is of particular concern, as large fish tend to produce more offspring than small ones.”（这些鱼的平均尺寸也在下降，其中一个物种的平均尺寸下降了57%。这一点值得特别关注，因为大鱼往往比小鱼生育更多的后代）可知，选项承接上下文说明深海鱼类的繁殖率非常低。故C选项“不幸的是，它们的繁殖率非常低”切题。故选C项。 38．根据下文“The deep-sea species have been caught as if they were the fast-breeding (快速繁殖) fish like sardine and herring. It is like killing elephants as if they reproduced at the same rate as rabbits.”（深海鱼类被捕获，仿佛它们是沙丁鱼和鲱鱼等快速繁殖的鱼类。这就像把大象当作繁殖速度飞快的兔子杀死一样）可知，渔业忽略了一些物种繁殖速度慢的事实。故E选项“渔业没有考虑到这些事实”故选E项。 39．根据上文“Millions of people make a living in the fishing industry.”（数百万人以渔业为生）可知，选项与上文为并列关系，说明渔业对人的重要作用。故A选项“数十亿人依赖鱼类获取蛋白质”切题。故选A项。 40．The sense of direction is absolutely terrible. 41．Study the map before departure, focus fully, try to relax, get lost, increase mental maps, and explore more 42．To become “direction smarter”, we need to stay calm instead of being anxious, so we must avoid getting lost in all circumstances. Because getting lost will help you become “direction smarter” in the long term. 43．Using the Sun: during the day, the sun generally points south at noon. Using Stars: at night, the North Star is located due north and is the best sign to search for the north. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我们如何培养自己的方向感。 40．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“I had a great interest in researching the topic of how to improve your sense of direction, because my own sense of direction is absolutely terrible (我非常有兴趣研究如何提高你的方向感，因为我自己的方向感绝对很糟糕)”可知，作者的问题是方向感很差，故答案为The sense of direction is absolutely terrible. 41．考查细节理解。根据文章第四段“Studying a map and memorizing the way before you set out does have its benefits (在出发前研究地图并记住路线确实有好处)”、第五段“Paying full attention is key too. (全神贯注也是关键。)”、第六段“Try to relax when you’re on unfamiliar ground. (当你在陌生的地方时，试着放松。)”、第六段“Besides, getting lost is one of the best ways to discover new places and add more detail to that ever-growing mental map—both of which will help you become “direction smarter” in the long term. (此外，迷路是发现新地方和为不断增长的心理地图添加更多细节的最佳方式之一—从长远来看，这两种方式都将帮助你变得“更聪明”。)”、最后一段“Finally, your sense of direction is a use-it-or-lose-it skill. If you only stick to the ways you already know, it’s never going to get any better. So, now’s the time to start exploring! (最后，你的方向感是一种要么使用要么失去的技能。如果你只坚持你已经知道的方式，它永远不会变得更好。现在是时候开始探索了。)”可知，提高方向感的方法有：出发前研究地图、全神贯注、试着放松、迷路和增加心里地图以及多多探索，故答案为Study the map before departure, focus fully, try to relax, get lost, increase mental maps, and explore more。 42．考查细节理解。根据文章第六段“Besides, getting lost is one of the best ways to discover new places and add more detail to that ever-growing mental map—both of which will help you become “direction smarter” in the long term. (此外，迷路是发现新地方和为不断增长的心理地图添加更多细节的最佳方式之一—从长远来看，这两种方式都将帮助你变得“更聪明”。)”可知，迷路帮助你变得“更聪明”，故答案为To become “direction smarter”, we need to stay calm instead of being anxious, so we must avoid getting lost in all circumstances. Because getting lost will help you become “direction smarter” in the long term. 43．考查开放回答。只要能够科学的指出辨明方向的方法即可，故答案为Using the Sun: during the day, the sun generally points south at noon. Using Stars: at night, the North Star is located due north and is the best sign to search for the north. 44． Dear Jim, In response to your request, I have conducted the survey on English extensive reading. Here are the results: The majority of the participants (73%) occasionally engage in this practice. Very few (7%) of those surveyed report reading frequently while one fifth (20%) admit they have never done it before. As a passionate bookworm, I definitely vote for the “frequently” option. Extensive reading deepens my appreciation for English, which in turn increases my language proficiency. Second, the worlds created by the authors, either fictional or not, allow me to know society and myself better, enabling me to see the world anew. I hope you find the above information useful. If you have any other questions, please let me know. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇是应用文写作。要求考生给英国好友写一封邮件，描述关于英语泛读现状的调查结果，以及对英语泛读的认识。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 要求：request→ demand 参与：engage in→ involved  in 肯定：definitely→ certainly 允许：allow→ permit 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Second, the worlds created by the authors, either fictional or not, allow me to know society and myself better, enabling me to see a new world. 拓展句：Second, the worlds created by the authors, either fictional or not, allow me to know society and myself better, because they enable me to see a new world. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Extensive reading deepens my appreciation for English, which in turn increases my language proficiency. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】If you have any other questions, please let me know. (运用了if引导的条件状语从句) 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$