阅读理解专题4 猜测词义学案-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

高中英语阅读理解专题4

猜测词意类

课堂学习任务

①学会句子停顿，获取句子重点信息；

②掌握利用前后逻辑关系突破猜词的特点；

③掌握利用前后语法关系突破猜词的特点；

④掌握利用前后语境关系突破猜词的特点；

⑤掌握利用基本构词法突破猜词的特点；

课前理解：填空并说明自己做题方法

①The boy was a __________. Like a teacher, he should go to school before 8:00 every day.

②The boy who was a ____________ should go to school before 8:00 every day.

③The boy was a student. Every day, he should ________ to school before 8:00.

Task 1. 前后逻辑关系

①转折:but, however, otherwise，though, even though

②对比:unlike, in contrast, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, rather than, instead of, contrary to

③近义:similarly, like, or, namely, in other words, that is to say. just as, and, also, as well as, the same as, as ...

④原因:because, since, because of, due to, thanks to, for, as a result (of)

⑤结果:so, therefore, so that, so/such ... that ..., lead to/result in/contribute to

⑥举例:for example, for instance such as, like, include, including

1. Is it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs? The answer is “yes”, according to the researchers at Johns Hopkins and three other medical centers. (___________________)
2. Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious. (_______________________)
3. The course gives you chances to know great power polities between nation states. It will provide more space to study particular issues such as relationship among countries in the European Union, third world debt, local and international disagreement, and the work of such international bodies as the United Nations, the European Union, NATO, and the World Bank. (_________________)
4. I feel that since you are my superior, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do.

◈The word “presumptuous” in the sentence is closest in meaning to

A. full of respect     B. too confident and rude

C. lacking in experience   D. too shy and quiet

5. [2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·C片段]

When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-

increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地).

29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?

A. acquire.   B. export.   C. destroy.   D. distribute.

Task 2.前后语法关系

①下定义: be, mean, refer to, be called/named, namely, that is, be considered

②同位语(从句):同位语(从句)是对其前内容的解释说明，也可以帮助猜测词义

③定语从句:尤其注意which/who后的非限制性定语从句

④标点符号:注意破折号(—)、冒号(:)、分号(;)涉及内容

6. Ventilation, as you know, is a system or means of providing fresh air. It plays a very important part in the field of engineering. (________________)
7. Before the main business of a conference begins, the chairman usually makes a short preliminary speech, or makes a few preliminary remarks. In other words, he says a few things by way of introduction. (______________________)
8. [2021·全国甲卷阅读C]

Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam (横杆), I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “Safe! Safe! Safe” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.

29. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe！” probably mean?

A. Be careful!   B. Well done!   C. No way!   D. Don't worry!

Task 3. 前后语境含义关系

利用上下文语境猜词义，应全面考虑，除了理解文章的意思，还应结合关键词，利用名词的单复数，用词的褒贬性以及词语的组合搭配，提高猜词的准确率。

9. I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on... At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.”

◈ What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in paragraph 2 mean?

A. Encourage teamwork.　　   B. Appeal to feelings.

C. Promote good deeds.　　   D. Provide advice.

10. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.

◈ By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally”, the author implies that ___________.

A. Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects

B. Stratford has long been in financial difficulties

C. the town is not really short of money

D. the townsfolk used to be poorly paid

11. [2022·全国乙卷阅读C]

That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts.

29. What does “maintenance” underlined in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A. Personnel safety.     B. Assistance from drones.

C. Inspection and repair.   D. Construction of infrastructure.

Task 4. 基本构词法

①否定前缀或后缀，与原单词构成反义词，如:dis-,un-, im-,-less 等

②后缀改变词性但不改变词义前缀 re-表“又,再”;co-表“共同”如coauthor“合著者”;tele-表“远的’

③合成法构成新词根据合成词各个组成词的意义结合原文准确猜测词义,如teammate

④词性转化

12. Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools? (___________)
13. [2020·新高考Ⅱ卷阅读B]

My imaginary Grandma's Box worked like magic that spring, and later. Sometimes students would ask me to describe all the things I had in it. Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken away — since I seldom actually kept them. Usually the offender would appear at the end of the day, and I would return the belonging.

25. What do the underlined words “the offender” in Paragraph 8 refer to?

A. The students' parent.    B. The maker of the Grandma' Box.

C. The author's grandchild.   D. The owner of the forbidden fruit.

Task 5. 高考真题强化练习

14. (2024 新高考Ⅱ卷 D)

In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.

12. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean?

A. If read by someone poorly educated.   B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.