专题07 新高考Ⅰ卷语法填空核心词汇及长难句分解与提升训练 导学案-2025届高三英语一轮复习

2024年高考英语真题核心词汇及长难句 逐题分解与提升训练 专题07 新高考Ⅰ卷：语法填空 Ⅰ.通读真题原文 Ⅱ.提取核心词汇 Ш.剖析长难句子 Ⅳ.打靶提升训练 【通读真题原文】 【文章大意】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Heatherwick工作室最近公布的一个新项目——一个位于国家信托基金会伍尔贝丁花园边缘的动态温室，并详细描述了该温室的设计、功能、以及它如何与丝绸之路的历史和丝绸之路花园相结合。 原文再现 参考译文 Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times. The latest 56 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 57 (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days 58 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays 59 (close) to protect the plants. Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 61 first time. These plants included modern Western 62 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too. The Glasshouse stands 63 a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 64 brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 65 (rich) of gardening in England. 56．engineering 57．functional 58．to give 59．closed 60．walks 61．the 62．favorites 63．as 64．which/that 65．richness 赫斯维克工作室最近在国家信托基金会的伍尔贝丁花园边缘建造了一座温室。这座名为玻璃屋的美丽建筑位于一个新花园的中心，展示了丝绸之路如何影响英国花园，即使在现代也是如此。 最新的56（工程师）技术被应用于创建这种同样美观的保护性57（功能）结构。该设计以十个由玻璃和铝制成的钢制“萼片”为特色。这些萼片在温暖的58天开放，为内部植物提供阳光和新鲜空气。在寒冷的天气里，该结构保持59（靠近）以保护植物。 此外，丝绸之路花园周围的温室60（步行）游客通过一段受古代丝绸之路影响的旅程，丝绸和许多植物物种首次来到英国。这些植物包括现代西方62（最受欢迎），如迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。花园里还有一条蜿蜒的小路，引导游客穿过丝绸之路的十二个地区。这条小径上还有300多种植物供游客观赏。 玻璃屋63号是当代设计的一项伟大成就，它将中国西南部的植物安置在一条追溯丝绸之路的尽头。丝绸之路64号沿线的台阶将植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到了英国65种（丰富的）园艺中的大部分。 【提取核心词汇】 edge n. 边;边缘;边线;刀刃vt.＆vi.(使)徐徐移动;给…加边 structure n. 结构;体系.系统安排;精心组织 influence 影响，作用 ancient adj. 古代的 include v. 包含，包括 region /ˈriːdʒən/ n. 地区；区域；地带 contemporary /kənˈtemprəri/ adj.当代的；现代的；属同时期的 n.同代人；同辈人 route n. 路线;路途;途径 【剖析长难句子】 1. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times. 【分析】 1.主语: This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse 名词短语: This beautiful structure（主名词短语） 限定词: This（指示代词）形容词: beautiful（形容词）名词: structure（名词） 同位语: named Glasshouse（提供关于名词的额外信息） 过去分词短语: named Glasshouse（修饰名词 structure） 2.谓语: is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times. 动词（系动词）: is 介词短语: at the centre of a new garden 介词: at 名词短语: the centre of a new garden 名词: centre（名词） 介词短语: of a new garden 介词: of 名词短语: a new garden 限定词: a（冠词） 形容词: new（形容词） 名词: garden（名词） 3.定语从句: that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times 关系代词: that（指代 garden）动词（主句）: shows 名词从句（主句宾语）: how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times 名词从句引导词: how 动词（主句）: influences 名词短语（动词宾语）: English gardens 形容词: English（形容词） 名词: gardens（名词） 副词短语: even in modern times 副词: even 介词短语: in modern times 介词: in 名词短语: modern times 形容词: modern（形容词） 名词: times（名词） 2. Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 【分析】 1.副词: Further（提供额外信息或继续前述内容） 2.主语: the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 名词短语: the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 限定词: the名词: Silk Route Garden（主名词）介词短语: around the greenhouse介词: around 名词短语: the greenhouse限定词: the名词: greenhouse 2.谓语: walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 动词（主句）: walks宾语: visitors介词短语: through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road 介词: through名词短语: a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road限定词: a名词: journey 过去分词短语: influenced by the ancient Silk Road（修饰 journey） 过去分词: influenced介词短语: by the ancient Silk Road介词: by 名词短语: the ancient Silk Road限定词: the形容词: ancient名词: Silk Road 3.定语从句: by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time 关系代词: by which（指代 the ancient Silk Road） 动词（主句）: came名词短语（动词主语）: silk as well as many plant species 名词短语: silk（第一个项）连接词: as well as（连接第二个项）名词短语: many plant species（第二个项） 形容词: many名词: plant species介词短语: to Britain for the first time 介词: to名词短语: Britain介词短语: for the first time介词: for 名词短语: the first time限定词: the形容词: first名词: time 【打靶提升训练】 一、单词拼写 1．Some wildlife has been shot to the edge of e because of humans’ greed. (根据首字母单词拼写) 2．Each bone is an (器官) with certain shape,structure and function. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 3．The media plays an important part in influencing people’s (观点；看法). （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 4．China was one of the four (文明的) ancient countries.（根据汉语提示单词拼写） 5．As for mutual understanding, we and competitors should respect our (对手), including their culture and race. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 6．Yunnan is definitely the best region of China to (逃走，避开) the cold winter. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 7．He creates a seamless i of contemporary and historic images. (根据首字母单词拼写) 8．They took the (风景优美的) route back to the hotel. （根据汉语提示拼写单词） 二、语法填空 9．The knife needs (edge), because it’s not sharp. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．This is a beautiful painting in terms both color and structure. （用适当的词填空） 11．When discussing (influence) modern artists, three names immediately come to mind. （用所给词的适当形式填空） 12．After half a year's study, he finally learned the ancient bookbinding worked. (用适当的词填空) 13．Most of us went to see her last weekend, (include) some girls. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14．Pasta has taken on a variety of shapes, resulting from (region) specializations. （所给词的适当形式填空） 15．I would like to read short stories with a contemporary (set). (所给词的适当形式填空) 16．The route was (string) with flags. (所给词的适当形式填空) 三、完成句子 17．我几乎要崩溃了，这时我爸爸想出一个我们能够返回叔叔的农舍的好方法。 I was almost on the edge of breaking down when my dad came up with a good way ． 18．脚是非常特殊的结构，由26 块细小的骨头组成。 The feet are highly specialized structures, 26 small delicate bones. 19．毫无疑问，爱好对人们的生活和交往有着极大影响。 hobbies have a great influence on people’s life and society. 20．说到旅游，我认为沿着古代丝绸之路旅行是值得的。(分词短语作状语) , I think it is worthwhile to make a journey along the ancient Silk Road. 21．旅馆住宿费包含在你的度假费用中。 Hotel is included in the price of your holiday. 22．在这个地区雨已经下了两个多小时了。 It for more than two hours in this region. 23．这位作家的聪明才智使她在当代作家中脱颖而出。 The author’s brilliant wit really other contemporary writers today. 24．路线是从学校大门到南山脚下，全程5千米。 The route five kilometres the school gate the foot of the Nanshan Mountain. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024年高考英语真题核心词汇及长难句 逐题分解与提升训练 专题07 新高考Ⅰ卷：语法填空 Ⅰ.通读真题原文 Ⅱ.提取核心词汇 Ш.剖析长难句子 Ⅳ.打靶提升训练 【通读真题原文】 【文章大意】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Heatherwick工作室最近公布的一个新项目——一个位于国家信托基金会伍尔贝丁花园边缘的动态温室，并详细描述了该温室的设计、功能、以及它如何与丝绸之路的历史和丝绸之路花园相结合。 原文再现 参考译文 Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times. The latest 56 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 57 (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days 58 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays 59 (close) to protect the plants. Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 61 first time. These plants included modern Western 62 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too. The Glasshouse stands 63 a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 64 brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 65 (rich) of gardening in England. 56．engineering 57．functional 58．to give 59．closed 60．walks 61．the 62．favorites 63．as 64．which/that 65．richness 赫斯维克工作室最近在国家信托基金会的伍尔贝丁花园边缘建造了一座温室。这座名为玻璃屋的美丽建筑位于一个新花园的中心，展示了丝绸之路如何影响英国花园，即使在现代也是如此。 最新的56（工程师）技术被应用于创建这种同样美观的保护性57（功能）结构。该设计以十个由玻璃和铝制成的钢制“萼片”为特色。这些萼片在温暖的58天开放，为内部植物提供阳光和新鲜空气。在寒冷的天气里，该结构保持59（靠近）以保护植物。 此外，丝绸之路花园周围的温室60（步行）游客通过一段受古代丝绸之路影响的旅程，丝绸和许多植物物种首次来到英国。这些植物包括现代西方62（最受欢迎），如迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。花园里还有一条蜿蜒的小路，引导游客穿过丝绸之路的十二个地区。这条小径上还有300多种植物供游客观赏。 玻璃屋63号是当代设计的一项伟大成就，它将中国西南部的植物安置在一条追溯丝绸之路的尽头。丝绸之路64号沿线的台阶将植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到了英国65种（丰富的）园艺中的大部分。 【提取核心词汇】 edge n. 边;边缘;边线;刀刃vt.＆vi.(使)徐徐移动;给…加边 structure n. 结构;体系.系统安排;精心组织 influence 影响，作用 ancient adj. 古代的 include v. 包含，包括 region /ˈriːdʒən/ n. 地区；区域；地带 contemporary /kənˈtemprəri/ adj.当代的；现代的；属同时期的 n.同代人；同辈人 route n. 路线;路途;途径 【剖析长难句子】 1. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times. 【分析】 1.主语: This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse 名词短语: This beautiful structure（主名词短语） 限定词: This（指示代词）形容词: beautiful（形容词）名词: structure（名词） 同位语: named Glasshouse（提供关于名词的额外信息） 过去分词短语: named Glasshouse（修饰名词 structure） 2.谓语: is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times. 动词（系动词）: is 介词短语: at the centre of a new garden 介词: at 名词短语: the centre of a new garden 名词: centre（名词） 介词短语: of a new garden 介词: of 名词短语: a new garden 限定词: a（冠词） 形容词: new（形容词） 名词: garden（名词） 3.定语从句: that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times 关系代词: that（指代 garden）动词（主句）: shows 名词从句（主句宾语）: how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times 名词从句引导词: how 动词（主句）: influences 名词短语（动词宾语）: English gardens 形容词: English（形容词） 名词: gardens（名词） 副词短语: even in modern times 副词: even 介词短语: in modern times 介词: in 名词短语: modern times 形容词: modern（形容词） 名词: times（名词） 2. Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 【分析】 1.副词: Further（提供额外信息或继续前述内容） 2.主语: the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 名词短语: the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 限定词: the名词: Silk Route Garden（主名词）介词短语: around the greenhouse介词: around 名词短语: the greenhouse限定词: the名词: greenhouse 2.谓语: walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 动词（主句）: walks宾语: visitors介词短语: through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road 介词: through名词短语: a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road限定词: a名词: journey 过去分词短语: influenced by the ancient Silk Road（修饰 journey） 过去分词: influenced介词短语: by the ancient Silk Road介词: by 名词短语: the ancient Silk Road限定词: the形容词: ancient名词: Silk Road 3.定语从句: by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time 关系代词: by which（指代 the ancient Silk Road） 动词（主句）: came名词短语（动词主语）: silk as well as many plant species 名词短语: silk（第一个项）连接词: as well as（连接第二个项）名词短语: many plant species（第二个项） 形容词: many名词: plant species介词短语: to Britain for the first time 介词: to名词短语: Britain介词短语: for the first time介词: for 名词短语: the first time限定词: the形容词: first名词: time 【打靶提升训练】 一、单词拼写 1．Some wildlife has been shot to the edge of e because of humans’ greed. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】extinction/xtinction 【详解】考查名词。句意：由于人类的贪婪，一些野生动物已经被射杀到灭绝的边缘。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应用名词extinction，作宾语，不可数。故填extinction。 2．Each bone is an (器官) with certain shape,structure and function. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】organ 【详解】考查名词。句意：每块骨头都是一个具有一定形状、结构和功能的器官。根据中文提示和句意可知，表示“器官”应用organ，为可数名词，且由an可知，这里应用单数形式，在本句中作表语。故填organ。 3．The media plays an important part in influencing people’s (观点；看法). （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 【答案】opinions 【详解】考查名词。句意：媒体在影响人们的观点方面起着重要的作用。根据汉语提示可知应用名词opinion，作宾语；根据 people’s可知，应该用复数形式。故填opinions。 4．China was one of the four (文明的) ancient countries.（根据汉语提示单词拼写） 【答案】civilized 【详解】考查形容词。句意：中国是四大文明古国之一。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用形容词civilized，修饰名词ancient countries，作定语。故填civilized。 5．As for mutual understanding, we and competitors should respect our (对手), including their culture and race. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】opponents/rivals 【详解】考查名词。句意：至于相互理解，我们和竞争者应该尊重我们的对手，包括他们的文化和种族。根据句意和汉语提示可知，应填入可数名词opponent或rival作宾语，意为“对手”，此处用复数泛指不止一个对手。故填opponents/rivals。 6．Yunnan is definitely the best region of China to (逃走，避开) the cold winter. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】escape 【详解】考查动词。句意：云南绝对是中国躲避寒冬的最佳地区。“逃走，避开”用动词escape，用原形构成不定式作后置定语。故填escape。 7．He creates a seamless i of contemporary and historic images. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】integration/ntegration 【详解】考查名词。句意：他创造了当代和历史图像的无缝融合。空处作creates的宾语，结合“of contemporary and historic images”和首字母提示可推知，名词integration“融合，结合”符合题意。故填integration。 8．They took the (风景优美的) route back to the hotel. （根据汉语提示拼写单词） 【答案】scenic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他们沿着风景优美的路线回到旅馆。根据汉语提示，这里应用形容词scenic，作定语修饰route。故填scenic。 二、语法填空 9．The knife needs (edge), because it’s not sharp. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】edging 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这把刀需要磨边，因为它不锋利。need后接动名词，主动形式表示被动含义，根据句意，故填edging。 10．This is a beautiful painting in terms both color and structure. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】of 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：就颜色和结构而言，这是一幅美丽的画。结合句意表示“在……方面，就……而言”可知短语为in terms of。故填of。 11．When discussing (influence) modern artists, three names immediately come to mind. （用所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】influential 【详解】考查形容词。句意：当谈到有影响力的现代艺术家时，脑海中立刻浮现出三个名字。此空应填形容词作定语，修饰后面名词，influential表“有很大影响的”，为形容词，符合句意。故填influential。 12．After half a year's study, he finally learned the ancient bookbinding worked. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】how 【详解】考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：经过半年的学习，他终于学会了古代装订是如何操作的。引导learned的宾语从句，结合句意可知，空处应用表示方式的连接词how。故填how。 13．Most of us went to see her last weekend, (include) some girls. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】including 【详解】考查介词。句意：上周末我们大多数人去看她，包括一些女孩。“_________(include) some girls”在句中作状语，应用介词短语结构。including为介词，意为“包括，包含”，后接名词，作状语。故填including。 14．Pasta has taken on a variety of shapes, resulting from (region) specializations. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】regional 【详解】考查形容词。句意：意大利面已经呈现了多种形状，这是由于地区特色造成的。本空用形容词regional作定语，修饰名词specializations。故填regional。 15．I would like to read short stories with a contemporary (set). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】setting 【详解】考查名词。句意：我想读一些以当代为背景的短篇小说。设空处为名词作宾语，前面有a修饰，应用名词单数形式，根据提示词和句意，故填setting。 16．The route was (string) with flags. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】strung 【详解】考查动词。句意：路线上挂满了旗帜。string为动词，意为“悬挂，串起”，其与the route之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词与空前的was构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填strung。 三、完成句子 17．我几乎要崩溃了，这时我爸爸想出一个我们能够返回叔叔的农舍的好方法。 I was almost on the edge of breaking down when my dad came up with a good way ． 【答案】(that/in which) we could return to my uncle’s farmhouse 【详解】考查定语从句和时态。此处是限定性定语从句，way作先行词，关系代词替代先行词在从句中作方式状语，可以使用that或者in which或者省略关系代词，从句为过去时，“能”使用情态动词could，“返回叔叔的农舍”译为return to my uncle’s farmhouse。故填(that/in which) we could return to my uncle’s farmhouse。 18．脚是非常特殊的结构，由26 块细小的骨头组成。 The feet are highly specialized structures, 26 small delicate bones. 【答案】 made up of 【详解】考查动词短语和非谓语动词。表示“由……组成”应用动词短语be made up of，此处为非谓语动词作定语，需用过去分词短语。故填①made；②up；③of。 19．毫无疑问，爱好对人们的生活和交往有着极大影响。 hobbies have a great influence on people’s life and society. 【答案】There is no doubt that 【详解】考查固定句型。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。根据汉语提示和句意，设空处缺“毫无疑问的是……”，表达为固定句型there is no doubt that，其中that引导同位语从句。设空处在句首，there的首字母要大写。故填：There is no doubt that。 20．说到旅游，我认为沿着古代丝绸之路旅行是值得的。(分词短语作状语) , I think it is worthwhile to make a journey along the ancient Silk Road. 【答案】Speaking of travelling 【详解】考查固定短语，动名词和非谓语动词。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“说到旅游”，“说到”是speak of，句中谓语是think，空格处用非谓语动词，I和speak之间是主谓关系，因此用现在分词speaking表主动，“旅游”是travel，用动名词travelling作宾语，位于句首的单词首字母大写，因此空格处是Speaking of travelling。故填Speaking of travelling。 21．旅馆住宿费包含在你的度假费用中。 Hotel is included in the price of your holiday. 【答案】accommodation 【详解】考查名词。对比中英文句子可知，空格意为“住宿”，是accommodation，是不可数名词，故填accommodation。 22．在这个地区雨已经下了两个多小时了。 It for more than two hours in this region. 【答案】has been raining 【详解】考查时态。根据汉语提示可知，本句为现在完成进行时（have/has been doing ），表示过去动词持续到现在，还可能持续下去，主语单数，谓语单数。故填has been raining。 23．这位作家的聪明才智使她在当代作家中脱颖而出。 The author’s brilliant wit really other contemporary writers today. 【答案】sets her apart from 【详解】考查短语和时态。“使……脱颖而出”为set sb. apart from…，根据today并结合句意，陈述事实，为一般现在时。主语单数，谓语用第三人称单数。故填sets her apart from。 24．路线是从学校大门到南山脚下，全程5千米。 The route five kilometres the school gate the foot of the Nanshan Mountain. 【答案】 measured from to 【详解】考查动词和介词短语。第一空表示“长度为”应用动词measure，结合语境描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时；第二空和第三空表示“从……到……”介词短语为from...to...。故填①measured；②from；③to。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$