2.3 高中英语常用语法——定语从句-【艺体生】2024年新高考文化课学案点金英语

2.3高中英语常用语法一定语从句 一、定义及相关术语 1.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先 行词之后。 2先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词 有when,where,why,而关系副词往往可以替换为介词+which结构。 关系词通常有下列三个作用：A.引导定语从句：B.代替先行词；C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。 例如：The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中，who is shaking hands with my father是定语从句，修饰先行词the man,who是引导定语 从句的关系词，代替先行词the man,在定语从句中作主语。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 1.wo指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。 The professor (whom)you are waiting for has come. The man whom/who)you met just now is my old friend. 注意：关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替，也可省略。 3.which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 The company which makes computers is far away from here. The film(which)they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 4.that指人时，相当于who或whom;指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作 宾语时常可省略。 The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. Yesterday I received a letter that/which came from Australia. 5.wose通常指人，也可指物，多指代所属关系，常翻译为“…的”，在定语从句中作定语。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 6.s通常引导非限制性定语从句，主要用来补充说明整个主句，可翻译成“正如…”。与 which引导的非限制性定语从句有相似作用。但s的位置相当灵活，可放句首、句中和句末，而 which只能放在先行词之后。 As is known to all,China is a developing country. He is from the south,as we can know from his accent. John,as you know,is a famous writer. 注意：虽然that在引导定语从句时常常可以和which,who互换，但是在以下情况下只能使用 thato ·143 (1)当先行词是everything,anything,nothing(something除外)，all,none,few,little,some等不 定代词时，或当先行词被every,any,all,some,no,itle,few,much等代词修饰时。如： Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li said? There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. All that can be done has been done. (2)当先行词被序数词修饰时。如： The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. (3)当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如： This is the best film that I have ever seen. (4)当先行词被the very,the only修饰时。如： This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. After the fire in his house,the old car is the only thing that he owns. (5)当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时。如： Who is the man that is standing by the gate? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? (6)当先行词同时包含人和物时。如： They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school. Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. 三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。 The school in which he once studied is very famous. Tomorrow I'll bring here the magazine for which you asked. This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday. We'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. The way that in which he answered the questions was surprising. I don't like the way that in which you laugh at her. (the way作先行词情况特殊，除可以用in which引导定语从句外，还可以用hat或者省略。) 注意： 1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。 如：look for,.look after,take care of等。 This is the watch which/that)I am looking for.(IE) This is the watch for which I am looking.( 2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom,不可用who,that;关系代词指物时 只可用which,不可用hat。关系代词是所有格时用whose. The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour.(IE) The man with that/who you talked just now is my neighbour.( 3.“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词 或者数词。如： He loves his parents deeply,both of whom are very kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples,some of which have gone bad. ·144. 四、关系副词引导的定语从句 1.when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents? 2.where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 Shanghai is the city where I was born. The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 3.wy指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。 I will never forget the day when/on which my son was born. Great changes are taking place in the city where/in which they live. The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is quite clear. 总结： when on which in which at which during which where in which on which at which to which why for which 五、关系代词与关系副词的选择 用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中所担当的成分。 试比较： A.I know a place where we can have a picnic. I know a place which/that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. B.I will never forget the days when we were together. I will never forget the days that/which we spent together. C.This is the reason why he was dismissed. This is the reason that/which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting. 六、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 1.限制性定语从句 形式上：不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。 意义上：是先行词不可缺少的定语，若删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。 译法上：译成先行词的定语：“…的” 关系词的使用上： A,作宾语时可省略 B.可用that C.可用who代替whom 限制性定语从句举例： The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. I know a place where we can have fun. ·145 2.非限制性定语从句 形式上：用逗号“，”与主句隔开。 意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明，若删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。 译法上：通常译成主句的并列句。 关系词的使用上： A.不可省略 B.不用that C.不可用who代替whom 非限制性定语从句举例： His mother,who loves him very much,is strict with him. He is quite rich,which can partly explain his generosity. 定语从句专项练习 一、请填入适当的关系词。 1.Is this the computer company you talked about yesterday? 2.The weather turned fine, made us very happy. 3.The worker was injured was sent to hospital at once. 4.That is a country culture is quite different from that of China. 5.These old pictures bring to their mind the happy days they spent together. 6. you know,more and more people like to live in the country. 7.The girl is playing the piano upstairs is my sister. 8.He is one of the students like to read this kind of book in my class. 9.Do you know the reason he didn't come to our party? 10.Do you believe the reason he explained to his father? 11.I still remember the night I first came to the house. 12.I'll never forget the day we met each other last week. 13.Mr.Black is going to Beijing in October. is the best season there. 14.I will never forget the days I spent with your family. 15.I'll never forget the last day we spent together. 16.This is the school I used to study. 17.Do you still remember the place we visited last week? 18.Do you still remember the place we visited the painting exhibition? 19.Have you ever been to Hangzhou, is famous for the West Lake? 20.Have you ever been to Hangzhou, lies the West Lake? 21.Tom will go to Shanghai, live his two brothers. 22.I live in Beijing, is the capital of China. 23.There was a time there were slaves in the USA. 24.It is the third time you have made the same mistake. ·146. 25.It was in the street I met John yesterday. 26.It was about 600 years ago the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. 27.The moment I saw you,I recognized(认出)you. 28.This is the very novel about we've talked so much. 29.This is the way he did it. 30.Who is the student was late for school today? 31.She worked in a company sells cars. 32.What else was there in my brother you didn't like? 33.He lives in the room window faces to the south. 34.He lives in the room,the window faces to the south. 35.This is Mr.John for son I brought a book yesterday. 二、真题演练 l.(2O22·全国一卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 2.(2022·全国甲卷)0nthe1,l00-kilometer journey,the man Cao Shengkang, lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident,crossed 40 cities and countries in three provinces. 3.(惠州市2022届高三第三次调研考试)Also e-sports appeal most to those in their early20s, in turn makes them a good bridge of communication between Chinese youngsters and their peers around the world. 4.[2022年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试（二）]Well,if you are both an enthusiastic reader and eater,you may want to take part in an edible book festival, you can have your book and eat it,too! 5.[2022年广东省普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟测试（二）]In June2020,he launched Project 34,through he will release a song for each of the 34 provincial-level regions in China every month. 6.(2022年深圳市高三年级第二次调研考试)It even has a special section paintings by art students are exhibited.The quality and the imagination of the young painters are also extraordinary. 7.[2022年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）]Kim Cobb,a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta,is one of a small but growing minority of academics are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. 8.[2021~2022学年佛山市普通高中高三教学质量检测（二）]0 ne of the greatest is the Big Air Shougang Olympic venue witnessed the epic victory of 18-year-old Chinese freestyle skier Gu Ailing,also known as Eileen Gu. 9.[岳阳市2022届高三教学质量监测（二）]The association said on its website on Wednesday that such marketing can lead to impulsive and excessive consumption to obtain the limited edition blind boxes, is "against public order and the spirit of the law". ·147… l0.[2021年全国统一高考英语试卷（新高考I)]Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles'song "The Long and Winding Road", is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. 1l.(2020·全国I卷)The80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane,for example,formed the core collection of the British Museum opened in 1759. l2.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)Now Irene Astbury works from9a.m.to5p.m.daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, she opened with her late husband Les. l3.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)They were well trained by their masters had great experience with caring for these animals. 14.(2020·江苏卷)Many lessons are now available online,from students can choose for free. 15.(2020·天津卷)Dr.Rowan, secretary resigned two weeks ago,has had to do all his own typing. 16.(20l9·江苏卷)We have entered into an age dreams have the best chance of coming true. I7.(20I9·天津卷)Their child is at the stage she can say individual words but not full sentences. l8.(20l9·浙江卷)On the edge of the jacket,there is a piece of cloth gives off light in the dark. 19.(20l9·北京卷)What students do at college seems to matter much more than they go. 20.(2019·北京卷)The students benefiting most from college are those are totally engaged in academic life. 三、定语从句翻译练习。 1.这就是救了孩子生命的医生。 2.我们要参观的第一个地方是北京图书馆。 3.他是唯一可靠的人。 4.请递给我摆在桌上的那本书。 5.你能把昨天谈到的那本杂志借给我吗？ 6.你知道他打算娶你的原因吗？ 7.我讨厌我住过的那个旅馆。 .148. 8.我永远也忘不了我们共同生活和学习的那个秋天。 9.他爱了20年的那个女孩昨天嫁人了。 10.她是我见过的最漂亮的女孩。 11.这就是你能在上面找到答案的那一页。 12.正像你知道的那样，钱是非常重要的。 13.我们永远不会忘记中华人民共和国成立的那一天。 14.我知道她学习好的原因。 15.他总是早起，这是他的习惯。 ·149.8.This cellphone is specially designed for the old 13.The top of that mountain is covered by snow all people. the year round. 9.Water can be transformed from liquid to gas. 14.Around 300 people were injured in this accident. 10.It's said there will be a snowstorm tomorrow. 15.The workers are forced to work 12 hours every 11.This coat is made from cotton. day. 12.Homework should be handed in on time. 2.3 高中英语常用语法 定语从句 13.who 14.which 正文P146 15.whose 16.when 一、请填入适当的关联词 17.where 18.that/which 1.that/which 2.which 19.where 20.who 3.who/that 4.whose 三、定语从句翻译练习 5.that/which 6.As 1.This is the doctor who has saved the child's 7.who/that 8.who/that life. 9.why 10.that/which 2.The first place that we will visit is Peking 11.when 12.when Library. 13.which 14.that/which 3.He is the only person that is reliable. 15.that 16.where 4.Please pass me the book that is on the desk. 17.that/which 18.where 5.Could you please lend me the magazine that you 19.which 20.where talked about yesterday? 21.where 22.which 6.Do you know the reason why he is going to 23.when 24.that marry you? 25.that 26.that 7.I hate the hotel at which I stayed. 27.that 28.which 8.I will never forget the autumn during which we 29.that/in which 30.that lived and studied together. 31.that/which 32.that 9.The girl with whom he had been in love for 20 33.whose 34.of which years got married yesterday. 35.whose 10.She is the most beautiful girl that I have ever 二、真题演练 seen. 1.that 2.who 11.This is the page where you can find the answer. 3.which 4.where 12.As you know,money is very important. 5.which 6.where 13.We will never forget the day when the People's 7.who/that 8.that/which Republic of China was founded. 9.which 10.which 14.I know the reason why she studies well. 11.that 12.which 15.He always gets up early,which is his habit. ·242·