2.2 高中英语常用语法——语态-【艺体生】2024年新高考文化课学案点金英语

2.2高中英语常用语法一语态 一、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be+done”构成。be有人称、数和时态的变化。 1.一般现在时：am/is/are done Rice is grown in the south of the states. 2.一般过去时：was/were done The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month. 3.一般将来时：will(shall)be done Cars will be sent abroad by sea. 4.过去将来时：would(should)be done The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. 5.现在进行时：am/is/are being done The rooms are being painted now. 6.过去进行时：was/were being done Trees were being planted here at this time last year. 7.现在完成时：have/has been done I have been told that the sports meeting might be put off. 8.过去完成时：had been done He had been considered to be a great leader. 9.常用时态的主被动形式对照表 时态 主动 被动 一般现在时 do/does am/is/are done 一般过去时 did was/were done 一般将来时 will do will be done 过去将来时 would do would be done 现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are being done 过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done 将来进行时 will be doing 现在完成时 have/has done have/has been done 过去完成时 had done had been done 二、被动语态的用法 1.不知道或不必说出动作的执行者。 How is this word pronounced? After the war,everything was destroyed. ·137. 2.强调动作的承受者。 If you break the school rules,you will be punished. A new Hope School will be opened in our village. Xiao Li was elected monitor of the class. 3.动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物。 The bridge was washed away by the flood. We were shocked by the news of his death Many accidents were caused by careless driving. 4.有些动词习惯上常用被动语态。 He was born in this city. The school is situated in the suburbs. 三、被动语态的应注意事项 L.带情态动词的被动结构形式：情态动词+be+done The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 2.在使役动词have,make,let以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定 式作宾语补足语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加o。 Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为：A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 3.常用被动语态的句型： 一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe,consider,.expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以 用于句型“t+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+to do sth.”。 It is said that...据说 It is reported that..,据报道… It is believed that...大家相信… It is hoped that..大家希望… It is well known that....众所周知… It is thought that..大家认为… It is suggested that..据建议… 例如：It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. =The boy is said to have passed the national exam. 4.英语中有很多动词如break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等，当它们 被用作不及物动词描述主语特征时，常用主动形式表示被动意义，主语通常是物。 例如：This kind of cloth washes well, Those kinds of books sell well. 注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。 试比较：The door won't lock.(指门本身有毛病) The door won't be locked.(指不会有人来锁门，指“门没有锁”是人的原因) 5.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语happen,last,take place,break out,burst out,come out,come about,come true,un out,give out,turn out等要以主动形式表示被动意义。 How do the newspapers come out? ·138· 6.系动词没有被动形式，有些表示感受、感官的系动词如feel,sound,taste,look,feel,用于主 系表结构中，后面常接形容词，表示“…起来”。 Your reason sounds reasonable 7.在need,want,require等词的后面，用动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不 定式的被动形式。 The house needs repairing to be repaired). 8.be worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟 动词不定式的被动形式。 The picture-book is well worth reading. =The picture-book is very worthy to be read. 9.在某些“形容词+不定式”作表语的结构中，句子的主语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时 常用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这些形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,. impossible,pleasant,interesting等。 This problem is difficult to work out.(可看作to work out省略了for me) 10.在too...o.·.结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。 This book is too expensive (for me)to buy. l1.在be to blame中仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。 Who is to blame for starting the fire? 语态专项练习 一、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。 1.It's said that the long bridge build)in two months 2.Where to have the meeting discuss)now. 3.Which language the most widely speak)in the world? 4.The lost boy not find)so far. 5.Last year a large number of trees cut)down. 6.The students tell)to take care of their desks and chairs. 7.The old man is seriously ill.He must send)to the hospital. 8.Vegetables,eggs and fruits (sell)in this shop. 9.-What these knives make)of? -They make)of metal and wood. 10.Can the magazine (take)out of the library? 11.Our classroom clean)every day. 12.The stars can't (see)）in the daytime. 13.The flowers water)by Li Ming already. 14.This kind of shoes sell)well. 15.1 (ask)to get there before seven tomorrow,so I'll have to get up early. 16.The dish smell)delicious. 17.The Great Wall know)all over the world. ·139 18.Tea grow)in South China. 19.1 (give)a birthday present by my parents every year. 20.A large number of engineers send)to Africa by our government to help the people there every year. 21.The sick boy _take)to hospital by the police yesterday. 22.Waste paper shouldn't (throw)everywhere.It's our duty to keep our city clean. 23.-Do you have any problems if you offer)this job? -Well,I'm thinking about the working hours. 24.-David,turn off the TV if no one is watching it. -But it turn)off already!The music is from the radio. 25.Who this book write)by? 26.-What do you think of the latest TV play In the Name of People? -It's very popular.Millions of families (attract)by it during that time. 27.When Tim ask)why he was late for school,he just kept silent. 28.-Alice,you want)on the phone. -I'm coming.Thanks. 29.Smoking allow)in public places in China. 30.Andy loves playing the piano.He (hear)playing the piano after school very often. 二、真题演练 1.(2022·全国一卷)The GPNP design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems”. 2.（惠州市2022届高三第三次调研考试)As more Chinese star gaming clubs and teams appear, the industry expect)to further grow and continue spreading Chinese culture to the world. 3.[2022年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试（一）]Lucy met,including arranging visas to enter some countries.But the challenges outweigh)by the memorable experiences on her way. 4.[2022年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试（二）]Given the fun and often silly nature,it'snot surprising that many of these festivals hold)on April Fool's Day! 5.[2022年广东省普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟测试（二）]“I believe when all of our voices (hear)together,true harmony can happen,"Segev says. 6.(2022年深圳市高三年级第二次调研考试)When white settlers came to Australia,most of the children of the aboriginals take)away from their own parents and brought up by white parents. 7.[2022年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）]Travelling to conferences,.lectures, workshops,and the like-一frequently by plane-一 _view)as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. 8.[岳阳市2022届高三教学质量监测（二）]The article _post)after KFC China collaborated with top domestic blind box toymaker Pop Mart to offer 260,000 dolls with its 99 yuan($15.60)family-sized chicken bucket from Jan 4. ·140. 9.(2021·全国甲卷)t build)originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty. l0.(2021·浙江省试题)Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield,linois,_ prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. 11.(2021·全国甲卷)1t build)originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored. 12.(2020·全国I卷)The parts of a museum open to the public call)galleries or rooms. l3.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)0 n the last day of our week-long stay,we invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm. 14.(2021·深圳市第一次模拟考试)Gan know)as one of the pioneers who shares country life and promotes sales of related products online. l5.(2018·北京卷)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who (trap) in the mountains for two days. 16.(2018·天津卷)My washing machine repair)this week,so I have to wash my clothes by hand. 17.(20l8·江苏卷)I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan carry out)in the past two years. l8.(2017·江苏卷)He hurried home,never once looking back to see if he follow ) 19.(2017·全国I卷)When fat and salt remove)from food,the food tastes as if it is missing something. 20.(2018·浙江卷)1 shock)when I learned she hadn't cooked once in all that time. 三、用被动语态翻译下列句子。 1.据说学校要来一位新英语老师。 2.窗户是我儿子打破的。 3.我们告诉他们教室很快就会被打扫的。 4.昨天这个时候电视机正在被修理吗？ 5.我们学校不教俄语。 6.这个村子在地震中被摧毁了。 7.汉语在世界上被越来越广泛地使用。 8.这款手机是专门为老年人设计的。 ·141. 9.水能从液体转换为气体。 10.据说明天会有一场暴风雪。 11.这件外套是棉花制的。 12.作业应该被准时上交。 13.那个山顶长年被积雪覆盖。 14.大约有三百人在这次事故中受伤。 15.工人们每天被迫工作12小时。 ·142·15.is 16.formed 7.What were you doing when she called you? 17.have reported 18.declared 8.The film had been on for half an hour when I 19.have made 20.recommended arrived at the cinema yesterday. 21.helps 22.started 9.If it doesn't rain tomorrow,I plan to go 23.worked 24.have grown shopping in the downtown. 25.will have developed 10.He always asks his parents for money. 三、翻译句子 11.Don't worry.We will come up with a better 1.What happened there? idea. 2.They have responded to our letter. 12.Because we run out of rice,we are going to the 3.She left here for Shanghai yesterday. supermarket tonight. 4.I always got up at six when I was in middle 13.Luckily,we got home before it rained. school. 14.I told her I would see her that afternoon. 5.We were having the English class at this time 15.The teacher said in class yesterday that the yesterday earth moves around the sun. 6.While my mom was cooking,my sister was watching TV. 2.2 高中英语常用语法 语态 5.are heard 6.were taken 正文P139 7.is viewed/has been viewed 一、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空 8.was posted 9.was built 1.will be built 2.is being discussed 10.has been proved 11.was built 3.is;spoken 4.has not been found 12.are called 13.were invited 5.were cut 6.are told 14.is known 15.has been trapped 7.must be sent 8.are sold 16.are being repaired 9.are;made;are made 10.be taken 17.had been carried out 18.was followed 11.is cleaned 12.be seen 13.have been watered 14.sells 19.are removed 20.was shocked 15.was asked 16.smells 三、用被动语态翻译下列句子 17.is known 18.is grown 1.It is said that the school will have a new English 19.am given 20.are sent teacher. 21.was taken 22.be thrown 2.The window was broken by my son. 23.are offered 24.has been turned 3.We told them the classroom would be cleaned 25.is;written 26.were attracted s00n. 27.was asked 28.are wanted 4.Was the TV being mending at this time yesterday? 29.is not allowed 30.is heard 5.Russian is not taught in our school. 二、真题演练 6.The village was destroyed in the earthquake. 1.is designed 2.is expected 7.Chinese is becoming more and more widely used 3.were outweighed 4.are held in the world. ·241 8.This cellphone is specially designed for the old 13.The top of that mountain is covered by snow all people. the year round. 9.Water can be transformed from liquid to gas. 14.Around 300 people were injured in this accident. 10.It's said there will be a snowstorm tomorrow. 15.The workers are forced to work 12 hours every 11.This coat is made from cotton. day. 12.Homework should be handed in on time. 2.3 高中英语常用语法 定语从句 13.who 14.which 正文P146 15.whose 16.when 一、请填入适当的关联词 17.where 18.that/which 1.that/which 2.which 19.where 20.who 3.who/that 4.whose 三、定语从句翻译练习 5.that/which 6.As 1.This is the doctor who has saved the child's 7.who/that 8.who/that life. 9.why 10.that/which 2.The first place that we will visit is Peking 11.when 12.when Library. 13.which 14.that/which 3.He is the only person that is reliable. 15.that 16.where 4.Please pass me the book that is on the desk. 17.that/which 18.where 5.Could you please lend me the magazine that you 19.which 20.where talked about yesterday? 21.where 22.which 6.Do you know the reason why he is going to 23.when 24.that marry you? 25.that 26.that 7.I hate the hotel at which I stayed. 27.that 28.which 8.I will never forget the autumn during which we 29.that/in which 30.that lived and studied together. 31.that/which 32.that 9.The girl with whom he had been in love for 20 33.whose 34.of which years got married yesterday. 35.whose 10.She is the most beautiful girl that I have ever 二、真题演练 seen. 1.that 2.who 11.This is the page where you can find the answer. 3.which 4.where 12.As you know,money is very important. 5.which 6.where 13.We will never forget the day when the People's 7.who/that 8.that/which Republic of China was founded. 9.which 10.which 14.I know the reason why she studies well. 11.that 12.which 15.He always gets up early,which is his habit. ·242·