2.1 高中英语常用语法——时态-【艺体生】2024年新高考文化课学案点金英语

高三英语总复习基础部分 语法讲解篇 2.1 高中英语常用语法 -时态 一、时态构成表 时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式,表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态。 英语中的时态是通 过动词形式本身的变化来实现的。中学阶段较常用的时态有十种:一般现在时、一般过去时、一 般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、过去完成时、现在完成时和现在完 成进行时。 时态 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 do/does 过去将来时 一般 did will/be going to do/ woulddo am/is/are+adi. was/were+adj. be(about) to do 现在进行时 过去进行时 将来进行时 进行 am/is/are doing was/were doing will be doing 现在完成时 过去完成时 将来完成时 完成 have/has done had done will have done 现在完成进行时 完成进行 have/has been doing 二、相关知识点精讲 1.一般现在时 (1)构成:do/does(be用am,is,are) (2)用法: ①用于描述经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语:everyday, sometimes,often.usually,always,at...o'clock,onSunday等。例如 I leave home for school at 7 every morning. ②用于客观真理、客观存在、科学事实、自然现象、格言警句。例如: The Earth moves around the Sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China It is very hot here in summer. Pride goes before a fall. 注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例如: Columbus proved that the Earth is round. .128. ③用于表示现在的状态、能力、性格、个性、喜好。例如 I don't like swimming so much. Ann writes good English but does not speak well *比较: Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. 第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。第二 句中的now是现在进行时标志,表示正在进行的动作,所以此句用现在进行时。 ④用在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中。在when,while,before,after,until,once,as soonas, so long as.by the time. the moment, the minute. the day.the year, immediately 等弓l导的时间状语从句 以及incase(that),unless,if,whether引导的条件状语中,从句使用一般现在时。例如: He is going to visit his aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 又例如: When Bill comes, ask him to wait for me. I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 2.一般过去时 (1)构成:did(be用was,were) (2)用法: ①在确定的过去时间点所发生的动作或存在的状态,不强调动作与状态的延续性。常用的 时间状语有:yesterday,last week,an hour ago,just now,the other day,in1982等。例如: Where did you go just now? ②表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作。例如: When I was a child. I often plaved football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. ③在时间、条件、方式或让步状语从句中,用一般过去时表过去将来。例如 Mary had left her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband came home. ④用于某些固定句型中 句型1:It is time that sb.didsth.“时间已迟了”“早该.....了”。例如: It is time that you went to bed. 句型2:wouldrather sb.didsth.宁愿某人做某事。例如: I'd rather you came tomorrow. 3.一般将来时 构成和用法: ①will/shalldo,表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语如:tomorrow,next month等连用。 Which paragraph shall I read first? Will you be at home at seven this evening? ②begoingtodo,表示按计划、安排要发生的事或根据某种迹象可能要发生的事。 What are you going to do tomorrow? The play is going to be produced next month. Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm. .129. ③betodo,表示按计划或安排,或根据义务职责必须要做的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday. ④beabouttodo,意为很快就要发生的事或动作 He is about to leave for Beijing 4.现在完成时 (1)构成:has/have done (2)用法 ①表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的影响现在还存在。 I have finished my homework already. ②表示发生在过去但持续到现在的动作或状态。常与foralongtime,since+过去时间点, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until now, up to now, in the past few years, already, recently,lately 等时 间状语连用。 Helen has worked in our school for almost five years. Tom has lived in the city since 1990 ③常用现在完成时的句型 句型1:It isthe first/secondtime...that...结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited the city 句型2:This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing *注意:It was the third time that the boy had been late. 句型3:Thisis+形容词最高级+that...结构,that从句要用现在完成时。 This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 5.一般过去时与现在完成时的比较 (1)一般过去时表示过去某时间点发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,只强调动作,不强调 动作是否延续,也不强调动作是否产生影响;现在完成时为过去发生的动作延续到现在或对现在有 影响,强调的是对现在的影响。 (2)一般过去时常与表示过去某一具体时间点的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊地 表示一段时间的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,last week....ago,in 1980,in last October,just now等,皆为具 体的时间状语。 现在完成时的时间状语:for+时间段,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,till/until now,upto now,inthepast fewvears等,皆为不确定的表示时间段的时间状语 (3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live,teach,leam work, study,know。 一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,get married等。例如: I sawthis filmyesterday.(强调看的动作发生过了) I haveseenthisfilm.(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了) Whydidyouget upso early?(强调起床的动作已发生过了) Whohasn'thanded inhispaper?(强调有卷子未交,疑为不公平竞争) He gotmarriedlast year.(强调去年发生了结婚的动作) He has beenmarriedfor three months.(强调已婚的状态是持续性的) .130· 句子中如有过去时的时间状语(如vesterday,lastweek,in1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用 过去时。例如: (错) Tom has written a letter to his parents last night (对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night 6.过去完成时 (1)构成:haddone (2)用法:表示发生在过去之前的动作或存在的状态。 ①在told.said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如: She said (that) she had never been to Paris ②状语从句,在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般 过去时。例如: When the police arrived. the thieves had run away. ③用于表示意向的动词后构成虚拟语气,如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose 等,用过去完成时表示“原本....,未能....”。例如: We had hoped that you would come. but you didn't ④过去完成时常与以下时间状语连用:before/bytheendof+过去时间等。例如: By the end of last week, they had finished their tasks. I had graduated before last month 7.将来完成时 (1)构成:will have done (2)用法: ①状态完成:表示某事继续到将来某一时间为止一直有的状态。例如: They will have been married for 20 years by then ②动作完成:表示将来某一时间或另一个将来的动作之前,已经完成的动作或获得的经验。 例如: You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 8.现在进行时 (1)构成:am/is/aredoing (2)用法: ①表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。 例如: We are waiting for you. ②习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。例如: Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.格林先生在写另一部小说。(说话时未在写,只处于写作状 态。) ③表示渐变,这样的动词有:get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等。例如; The leaves are turning red. It's getting warmer and warmer. ④与always,constantly,forever等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有 说话人的主观色彩。例如: You are always changing your mind .131. 可以表示近期按计划或安排将要发生的动作,常与动词come,go,arrive.leave,start,begin. return连用。例如: I'm leaving tomorrow. Are you staying here till next week? 9.过去进行时 (1)构成:was/were doing (2)用法: ①表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。常用的时间状语有thismorning,thewhole morning,all day yesterday,from nine to ten last evening 等。例如 At this time vesterday, we were having an examination. ②过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作延续的时候,另一个短动作 发生。例如: My brother fell while he was riding his bicvcle and hurt himself It was raining when they left the station. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 10.过去将来时 (1)构成: would do, was/were going to do, was/were ( about) to do (2)用法: ①表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用在宾语从句或间接引语中。 例如: He didn't expect that we would all be there I didn't know if they were going to see me off at the airport. John was about to leave for Guangzhou. ②表示过去习惯性的动作,常与过去的时间状语从句连用。例如: Whenever she had time, she would do some reading 11.将来进行时 (1)构成:will/shall be doing (2)用法:表示将来某时进行的状态或动作,或按预测将来会发生的事情。 常用的时间状语 有 soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday,by this time tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening 等。 例如: She'll be coming soon. I' ll be meeting him sometime in the future. By this time tomorrow, I' ll be lying on the beach. 12.现在完成进行时 (1)构成:have/has beendoing (2)用法;表示动作从某一时间开始,一直持续到现在,或者刚刚终止,或者可能仍然要继续 下去。例如: I have been working here for five years. They have been living in this city for ten years. .132. 时态专项练习 一、用所给词的正确形式填空。 1. I' ll give the book to him as soon as he (come)back. 2. Has the baby ( stop) crying yet? 3. I don't know whether mother (take) me to Beijing next month. 4. She (put) on her coat and went out. 5.-What are they doing? -They ( get) ready for the sports meeting. 6. The boy asked his mother (let) him go and play basketball. 7. I'm sorry to keep you (wait) for a long time. 8.It (take) him half an hour (finish) his homework yesterday. 9. If it (be) an interesting film, we'll see it tomorrow. 10. They usually (do) their homework after supper. 11. Listen! Who ( sing) in the next room now? 12. She didn't want to stay in bed while all the others (work) in the fields. 13.Mr. Yu (teach) us math since 1982. 14. They will have a trip to the Great Wall if it (not rain) tomorrow. 15. Li Ming often (listen) to the radio in the morning 16.-Father, may I go out and play football? .you (do) your homework? 17. Our teacher told us if it (not snow) we would visit the Science Museum the next day. 18.-What are you doing, Dad? (mend) the radio. 19.Let's (carry) the boxes to the house. 20. I have been studving here for four vears. By next June.I (graduate). 21.I ( write) to you as soon as I get to Shanghai. 22. Don't make any noise. Grandma (sleep). 23. His aunt (do) some cooking when he came in 24. When they ( reach) the station, the train had already left. 25. There (be) a meeting next Monday. 26.We (know) each other since our bovhood 27. They (go) abroad for further study after their graduation. 28. Wei Fang isn't here. She (go) to the reading-room. 29. Helen (make) many friends since she came to Paris. 30. Look! The young worker ( show) the students around the factory now. 31. The windows of our lab (clean) once a week. 32. I hope that they (repair) the road by the time we come back. 33.My son (draw) a picture but I didn't know what it was .133. 34. He (say) that he was a lawver. 35. She said her family ( hide) from the army during the war. 36. He (hurt) his back when he was playing basketball. 37. Mary (have) a nice car. 38. The man (live) in the countryside. 39. My legs (shake) now. 40.When I ( wait) for the lift, he called me back. 41. Up till now, we (learn) 3,ooo words. 42.I (write) him three letters before he came back 43. It is the first time that I _(hear) him say those words. 44. He asked me where I(be) last summer. 45. By the time he was ten years old, he (learn) English very well. 46. The students (clean) their classroom when the visitors arrived 47. By next October, Jessica ( work) here for five years. 48. By the end of this year, I (earn) enough money for a holiday. 49. I can't attend the party tonight. I ( see) my boss for something important. 50. I am really tired. I (paint) the living room all day. 二、真题演练 1.(2022· 全国一卷) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that (be) previously unprotected. 2.(2022·全国甲卷)In the last five years,Cao (walk) through 34 counties in six continents. 3.(惠州市2022 届高三第三次调研考试)OnSaturday night,a five-person team of the Chinese e-sports club, with the full name EDward Gaming, (win) the 2021 League of Legends (LoL) World Championship in Iceland. 4. [2022年广东省普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟测试(二)]CombiningChinesemusic and global folk music, he (post) 17 videos so far on social media platforms, gaining millions of views. 5.(2022年深圳市高三年级第二次调研考试)It is roughly estimated that there (be) at least a thousand paintings in the gallery. 6. [2022年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(浙江卷)]Many of themclimate scientists ( promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 7.[2021~2022学年佛山市普通高中高三教学质量检测(二)]Astheworld'sfirst“dual Olympic city",it ( pay) attention to the details in every aspect to support the safe and smooth operation of the Games. 8.(2022年山东省济宁市高考模拟考试)They (create) in 2020 after experiments showed that under the right lab conditions, the cells formed small structures that could gather. move and work together in groups and self-heal. .134. 9.(2022 年山东省济宁市高考模拟考试) In response to the worries,the researchers claim that the living machines are entirely contained in a lab, which (mean) that the risks are manageable and stoppable. 10. [2021年全国统一高考英语试卷(新高考I)]You can't help wondering how hard it (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 11.[2021年全国统一高考英语试卷(新高考 II)]One of the biggest companies Iwrote to (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. 12.(2021·全国甲卷)It (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty. 13.(2021· 浙江省试题)But Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield.Illinois. (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public 14. (2o21: 浙江)After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861.they rented the house and (sell) most of their furniture. 15.(2020 全国I 卷)Often, only a small part of a museum's collection (be)on display. 16. (2020· 全国I卷) The 80,ooo objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane,for example, (form) the core collection of the British Museum that opened in 1759 17.(2019·全国 I 卷) In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements. 18.(2019· 全国 II 卷)Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement"award, proud Irene (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-vear-old business 19. (2019· 全国 II 卷)I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I (make) over the years. 20. (2019·全国 III卷)Our hosts shared many of their experiences and (recommend) wonderful places to eat. 21.(2021·深圳市第一次模拟考试)She,together with her teammates, (help) villagers sell nearly 5O0.O00 kilograms of oranges every week. 22.(2o18· 北京卷)-Hi,I'm Peter. Are you new here? I haven't seen you around. -Hello. Peter. I'm Bob. I just (start) on Monday. 23.(2o18·北京卷)Susan hadquit her well-paid job and (work) as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year 24.(2018·北京卷)China'shigh-speed railways (grow) from9,000 to 25.000 kilometers in the past few years. 25.(2018· 江.苏卷) Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we (develop) more convenient electronic communication tools by then. .135. 三、翻译句子 1.那边出了什么事? 2.他们已经答复了我们的信。 3.她昨天离开这里到上海去了。 4.我上中学的时候总是六点起床 5.昨天这个时候,我们正在上英语课。 6.我母亲做饭的时候,我姐姐在看电视。 7. 她给你打电话的时候,你在干什么 8.昨天当我到达电影院的时候,电影已经开始半个小时了。 9.假如明天不下雨,我打算去市中心购物 10.他经常向他的父母要钱。 11.别担心,我们会想出一个更好的主意的。 12.因为家里的米吃完了,所以我们今晚要去一下超市。 13.很幸运,我们在下雨之前到家了。 14.我告诉她我那天下午会去看她。 15. 昨天在课上老师说,地球围着太阳转。 .136.5.teeth 24.wealthy 6.totally 25.weekly 7.tourism-tourist 26.weight 8.traditional 27.better-best 9.trainer trainee 28.wetter-wettest 10.translator translation 29.widely-widen-width 11.traveler 30.wives 12.treatment 31.would-willing-will 13.useful useless used-user 32.winner 14.unusual 33.windy 15.valuable 34.wisdom 16.various-vary 35.wolves 17.villager 36.women 18.violent 37.wonderful 19.visitor 38.woolen 20.voluntary 39.wrote-written-writing 21.waiter-waitress 40.yearly 22.warmer-warmest 41.your-yours-yourself 23.weakness-weaken 42.youth 2.1 高中英语常用语法 时态 31.are cleaned 32.will have repaired 正文P133 33.drew 34.said 一、用所给词的正确形式填空 35.had hidden 36.hurt 1.comes 2.stopped 37.has 38.lives 3.will take 4.put 39.are shaking 40.was waiting 5.are getting 6.to let 41.have learned/learnt 42.had written 7.waiting 8.took;to finish 43.have heard 44.was 9.is 10.do 45.had learned/learnt 46.had cleaned 11.is singing 12.were working 47.will have worked 48.will have earned 13.has taught 14.doesn't rain 49.am going to see 50.have painted 15.listens 16.Have;done 二、真题演练 17.didn't snow 18.am mending 1.were 2.has walked 19.carry 20.will have graduated 3.won 4.has posted 21.will write 22.is sleeping 5.are 6.have promised 23.was doing 24.reached 7.Paid 8.were created 25.will be 26.have known 9.means 10.was 27.will go 28.has gone 11.was 12.was built 29.has made 30.is showing 13.has proved 14.sold ·240· 15.is 16.formed 7.What were you doing when she called you? 17.have reported 18.declared 8.The film had been on for half an hour when I 19.have made 20.recommended arrived at the cinema yesterday. 21.helps 22.started 9.If it doesn't rain tomorrow,I plan to go 23.worked 24.have grown shopping in the downtown. 25.will have developed 10.He always asks his parents for money. 三、翻译句子 11.Don't worry.We will come up with a better 1.What happened there? idea. 2.They have responded to our letter. 12.Because we run out of rice,we are going to the 3.She left here for Shanghai yesterday. supermarket tonight. 4.I always got up at six when I was in middle 13.Luckily,we got home before it rained. school. 14.I told her I would see her that afternoon. 5.We were having the English class at this time 15.The teacher said in class yesterday that the yesterday earth moves around the sun. 6.While my mom was cooking,my sister was watching TV. 2.2 高中英语常用语法 语态 5.are heard 6.were taken 正文P139 7.is viewed/has been viewed 一、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空 8.was posted 9.was built 1.will be built 2.is being discussed 10.has been proved 11.was built 3.is;spoken 4.has not been found 12.are called 13.were invited 5.were cut 6.are told 14.is known 15.has been trapped 7.must be sent 8.are sold 16.are being repaired 9.are;made;are made 10.be taken 17.had been carried out 18.was followed 11.is cleaned 12.be seen 13.have been watered 14.sells 19.are removed 20.was shocked 15.was asked 16.smells 三、用被动语态翻译下列句子 17.is known 18.is grown 1.It is said that the school will have a new English 19.am given 20.are sent teacher. 21.was taken 22.be thrown 2.The window was broken by my son. 23.are offered 24.has been turned 3.We told them the classroom would be cleaned 25.is;written 26.were attracted s00n. 27.was asked 28.are wanted 4.Was the TV being mending at this time yesterday? 29.is not allowed 30.is heard 5.Russian is not taught in our school. 二、真题演练 6.The village was destroyed in the earthquake. 1.is designed 2.is expected 7.Chinese is becoming more and more widely used 3.were outweighed 4.are held in the world. ·241·